1
|
Wang J, Zhu L, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Fan T, Cao F, Xiong Y, Pan Y, Li Y, Jiang C, Yin S, Tong X, Xiong Y, Xia J, Yan X, Liu Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Li J, Zhu C, Wu C, Huang R. Clinical outcomes of treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with low serum HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2339944. [PMID: 38584592 PMCID: PMC11022914 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2339944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level < 100 IU/ml and undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA have been recently proposed as an alternate endpoint of "partial cure" in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We investigated clinical outcomes of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB patients with HBsAg <100 IU/ml and undetectable HBV DNA. Treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB patients with undetectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase were retrospectively included from three institutions. Patients were classified into the low HBsAg group (<100 IU/ml) and the high HBsAg group (≥100 IU/ml). Liver fibrosis was evaluated by noninvasive tests (NITs). A total of 1218 patients were included and the median age was 41.5 years. Patients with low HBsAg were older (45.0 vs. 40.0 years, P < 0.001) than those in the high HBsAg group, while the NIT parameters were comparable between groups. During a median follow-up of 25.7 months, patients with low HBsAg achieved a higher HBsAg clearance rate (13.0% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) and a lower rate of significant fibrosis development (2.2% vs. 7.0%, P = 0.049) compared to patients with high HBsAg. No patient developed HCC in either group. HBsAg level was negatively associated with HBsAg clearance (HR 0.213, P < 0.001) and patients with HBsAg < 100 IU/ml had a low risk of significant fibrosis development (HR 0.010, P = 0.002). The optimal cutoff value of HBsAg for predicting HBsAg clearance was 1.1 Log10 IU/ml. Treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB patients with HBsAg <100 IU/ml and undetectable HBV DNA had favourable outcomes with a high rate of HBsAg clearance and a low risk of fibrosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Cheng R, Bian Z, Niu J, Xia J, Mao G, Liu H, Wu C, Hao C. Development of multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays for differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:35. [PMID: 38183475 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Quick differentiation of current circulating variants and the emerging recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to monitor their transmissions. However, the widely applied gene sequencing method is time-consuming and costly especially when facing recombinant variants, because a large part or whole genome sequencing is required. Allele-specific reverse transcriptase real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) represents a quick and cost-effective method for SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping and has been successfully applied for SARS-CoV-2 variant screening. In the present study, we developed a panel of 5 multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays targeting 20 key mutations for quick differentiation of the Omicron subvariants (BA.1 to BA.5 and their descendants) and the recombinant variants (XBB.1 and XBB.1.5). Two parallel multiplex RT-qPCR reactions were designed to separately target the prototype allele and the mutated allele of each mutation in the allele-specific RT-qPCR assay. Optimal annealing temperatures, primer and probe dosage, and time for annealing/extension for each reaction were determined by multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal test. The variation of Cp (crossing point) values (ΔCp) between the two multiplex RT-qPCR reactions was applied to determine if a mutation occurs or not. SARS-CoV-2 subvariants and related recombinant variants were differentiated by their unique mutation patterns. The developed multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays exhibited excellent analytical sensitivities (with limits of detection (LoDs) of 1.47-18.52 copies per reaction), wide linear detection ranges (109-100 copies per reaction), good amplification efficiencies (88.25 to 110.68%), excellent reproducibility (coefficient of variations (CVs) < 5% in both intra-assay and inter-assay tests), and good clinical performances (99.5-100% consistencies with Sanger sequencing). The developed multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays in the present study provide an alternative tool for quick differentiation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and their recombinant variants. KEY POINTS: • A panel of five multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays for quick differentiation of 11 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, and their descendants) and 2 recombinant variants (XBB.1 and XBB.1.5). • The developed assays exhibited good analytical sensitivities and reproducibility, wide linear detection ranges, and good clinical performances, providing an alternative tool for quick differentiation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and their recombinant variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiling Cheng
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Niu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Mao
- Shanxi Guoxin Caregeno Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hulong Liu
- Shanxi Guoxin Caregeno Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao J, He Y, Ma X, Xia J. Image focus: Multimodal imaging diagnosis of left ventricular giant invasive lipoma involving mitral valve. Acta Cardiol 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38602135 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2339060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng He
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ou M, Zhang W, Zhang W, Guo J, Huang R, Wang J, Liu J, Xia J, Wu C, Zhu Y, Chen Y. Soluble Programmed Cell Death 1 Protein Is a Promising Biomarker to Predict Severe Liver Inflammation in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. ACS Omega 2024; 9:16716-16724. [PMID: 38617617 PMCID: PMC11007827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Liver inflammation is important in guiding the initiation of antiviral treatment and affects the progression of chronic hepatitis B(CHB). The soluble programmed cell death 1 protein (sPD-1) was upregulated in inflammatory and infectious diseases and correlated with disease severity. We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum sPD-1 levels and liver inflammation in CHB patients and their role in indicating liver inflammation. Methods: 241 CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled. The correlation between sPD-1 levels and the degree of liver inflammation was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze independent variables of severe liver inflammation. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to construct a predictive model for severe liver inflammation, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the predictive model. Results: sPD-1 was highest in CHB patients with severe liver inflammation, which was higher than that in CHB patients with mild or moderate liver inflammation (P < 0.001). Besides, sPD-1 was weakly correlated with AST (r = 0.278, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that sPD-1 was an independent predictor of severe liver inflammation. The predictive model containing sPD-1 had areas under the ROC (AUROCs) of 0.917 and 0.921 in predicting severe liver inflammation in CHB patients and CHB patients with ALT ≤ 1× upper limit of normal (ULN), respectively. Conclusions: Serum sPD-1 level is associated with liver inflammation in CHB patients, and high levels of sPD-1 reflect severe liver inflammation. Serum sPD-1 is an independent predictor of severe liver inflammation and shows improved diagnostic accuracy when combined with other clinical indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrong Ou
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Joint Institute of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
for Life and Health, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | | | - Rui Huang
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yijia Zhu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital
Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naghavi M, Ong KL, Aali A, Ababneh HS, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahifar MA, Abdoun M, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Abebe SS, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abhilash ES, Abidi H, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abolmaali M, Abouzid M, Aboye GB, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abualruz H, Abubakar B, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Accrombessi MMK, Adal TG, Adamu AA, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adebiyi AO, Adekanmbi V, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adetunji JB, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyinka DA, Adeyomoye OI, Admass BAA, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afolabi AA, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agampodi SB, Agasthi P, Aggarwal M, Aghamiri S, Agide FD, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Akara EM, Akbarialiabad H, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemiju T, Akkaif MA, Akyirem S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Alahdab F, Alalalmeh SO, Alalwan TA, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam M, Alam N, Al-amer RM, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Al-Azzam S, Albakri A, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Aldawsari KA, Aldhaleei WA, Aldridge RW, Alema HB, Alemayohu MA, Alemi S, Alemu YM, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhabib KF, Alhalaiqa FAN, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali A, Ali L, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali S, Ali SSS, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Alikhani R, Alimohamadi Y, Aliyi AA, Aljasir MAM, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Al-Marwani S, Al-Maweri SAA, Almazan JU, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almidani L, Almidani O, Alomari MA, Al-Omari B, Alonso J, Alqahtani JS, Alqalyoobi S, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Sabah SK, Altaany Z, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Aluh DO, Alvis-Guzman N, Alwafi H, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amani R, Amare AT, Amegbor PM, Ameyaw EK, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angus C, Anil A, Anil S, Anoushiravani A, Ansari H, Ansariadi A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anvari S, Anwar S, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arab JP, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Aremu A, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Arkew M, Armocida B, Arndt MB, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Asaad M, Asadi-Lari M, Asgedom AA, Asghariahmadabad M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf M, Aslani A, Astell-Burt T, Athar M, Athari SS, Atinafu BTT, Atlaw HW, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avan A, Awedew AF, Aweke AM, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayatollahi H, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo RMS, Azzam AY, B DB, Babu AS, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bah S, Bahadorikhalili S, Bahmanziari N, Bai R, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bako AT, Bakshi RK, Balakrishnan S, Balasubramanian M, Baltatu OC, Bam K, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik PC, Bansal H, Bansal K, Barbic F, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Bardideh E, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barrero LH, Barrow A, Barteit S, Barua L, Basharat Z, Bashiri A, Basiru A, Baskaran P, Basnyat B, Bassat Q, Basso JD, Basting AVL, Basu S, Batra K, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bayileyegn NS, Beaney T, Bedi N, Beghi M, Behboudi E, Behera P, Behnoush AH, Behzadifar M, Beiranvand M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Béjot Y, Belay SA, Belete CM, Bell ML, Bello MB, Bello OO, Belo L, Beloukas A, Bender RG, Bensenor IM, Beran A, Berezvai Z, Berhie AY, Berice BN, Bernstein RS, Bertolacci GJ, Bettencourt PJG, Beyene KA, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhandari D, Bhangdia K, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj PV, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Bishai JD, Bisignano C, Bisulli F, Biswas A, Biswas B, Bitaraf S, Bitew BD, Bitra VR, Bjørge T, Boachie MK, Boampong MS, Bobirca AV, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bogale EK, Bogale KA, Bohlouli S, Bolarinwa OA, Boloor A, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Bonny A, Bora K, Bora Basara B, Borhany H, Borzutzky A, Bouaoud S, Boustany A, Boxe C, Boyko EJ, Brady OJ, Braithwaite D, Brant LC, Brauer M, Brazinova A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Breitborde NJK, Breitner S, Brenner H, Briko AN, Briko NI, Britton G, Brown J, Brugha T, Bulamu NB, Bulto LN, Buonsenso D, Burns RA, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Cao Y, Capodici A, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carugno A, Carvalheiro CG, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Cederroth CR, Cegolon L, Cembranel F, Cenderadewi M, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Cevik M, Chadwick J, Chahine Y, Chakraborty C, Chakraborty PA, Chan JSK, Chan RNC, Chandika RM, Chandrasekar EK, Chang CK, Chang JC, Chanie GS, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Chaurasia A, Chen AW, Chen AT, Chen CS, Chen H, Chen MX, Chen S, Cheng CY, Cheng ETW, Cherbuin N, Cheru WA, Chien JH, Chimed-Ochir O, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Chitheer A, Cho WCS, Chong B, Chopra H, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury R, Christopher DJ, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung E, Chung E, Chung SC, Chutiyami M, Cindi Z, Cioffi I, Claassens MM, Claro RM, Coberly K, Cogen RM, Columbus A, Comfort H, Conde J, Cortese S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Costanzo S, Cousin E, Couto RAS, Cowden RG, Cramer KM, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Cuadra-Hernández SM, Culbreth GT, Cullen P, Cunningham M, Curado MP, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai S, Dai X, Dai Z, Dalli LL, Damiani G, Darega Gela J, Das JK, Das S, Das S, Dascalu AM, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dastiridou A, Davey G, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis Weaver N, Davletov K, De Leo D, de Luca K, Debele AT, Debopadhaya S, Degenhardt L, Dehghan A, Deitesfeld L, Del Bo' C, Delgado-Enciso I, Demessa BH, Demetriades AK, Deng K, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deravi N, Dereje N, Dervenis N, Dervišević E, Des Jarlais DC, Desai HD, Desai R, Devanbu VGC, Dewan SMR, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dhulipala VR, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz MJ, Dima A, Ding DD, Ding H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dirac MA, Djalalinia S, Do THP, do Prado CB, Doaei S, Dodangeh M, Dodangeh M, Dohare S, Dokova KG, Dolecek C, Dominguez RMV, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorostkar F, Dorsey ER, dos Santos WM, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dsouza V, Du M, Dube J, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, E'mar AR, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Echieh CP, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi D, Efendi F, Effendi DE, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Sayed I, Elbarazi I, Elema TB, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, ElGohary GMT, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Elilo LT, Elmeligy OAA, Elmonem MA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emeto TI, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Esezobor CI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Espinosa-Montero J, Esubalew H, Etaee F, Fabin N, Fadaka AO, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Fahimi S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh A, Falzone L, Fareed M, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Faris PS, Faro A, Fasanmi AO, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fauk NK, Fazeli P, Feigin VL, Feizkhah A, Fekadu G, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferrante D, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Feyisa BR, Filip I, Fischer F, Flavel J, Flood D, Florin BT, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Foroutan B, Foroutan M, Forthun I, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Fowobaje KR, Francis KL, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Friedman J, Friedman SD, Fukumoto T, Fuller JE, Fux B, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Gakidou E, Galali Y, Galles NC, Gallus S, Ganbat M, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Ganiyani MA, Garcia-Gordillo MA, Gardner WM, Garg J, Garg N, Gautam RK, Gbadamosi SO, Gebi TG, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremeskel TG, Georgescu SR, Getachew T, Gething PW, Getie M, Ghadiri K, Ghahramani S, Ghailan KY, Ghasemi MR, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghashghaee A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Ghimire A, Ghoba S, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh N, Ghorbani M, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Ghoshal AG, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Gnedovskaya EV, Göbölös L, Godinho MA, Goel A, Golchin A, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomes NGM, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Goyal A, Grada A, Graham SM, Grivna M, Grosso G, Guan SY, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Guimarães RA, Gulati S, Gunawardane DA, Gunturu S, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta MK, Gupta M, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gurmessa L, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Haddadi R, Hadei M, Hadi NR, Haep N, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Hall BJ, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hamilton EB, Han C, Han Q, Hanif A, Hanifi N, Hankey GJ, Hanna F, Hannan MA, Haque MN, Harapan H, Hargono A, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan I, Hasan MT, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hashi A, Hasnain MS, Hassan I, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, He J, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidari-Foroozan M, Helfer B, Hendrie D, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hesami H, Hezam K, Hill CL, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh Adli A, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hsu RL, Hu C, Huang J, Hultström M, Humayun A, Hundie TG, Hussain J, Hussain MA, Hussein NR, Hussien FM, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ibrahim KS, Iftikhar PM, Ijo D, Ikiroma AI, Ikuta KS, Ikwegbue PC, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imam MT, Immurana M, Inamdar S, Indriasih E, Iqhrammullah M, Iradukunda A, Iregbu KC, Islam MR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Ismail F, Ismail NE, Iso H, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iyamu IO, Iyer M, J LM, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jafarzadeh A, Jaggi K, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jaiswal A, Jamshidi E, Janko MM, Jatau AI, Javadov S, Javaheri T, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jebai R, Jee SH, Jeganathan J, Jha AK, Jha RP, Jiang H, Jin Y, Johnson O, Jokar M, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Joshy G, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, K V, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kadir DH, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamal VK, Kamarajah SK, Kamath R, Kamiab Z, Kamyari N, Kanagasabai T, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Kanmanthareddy AR, Kanmiki EW, Kanmodi KK, Kannan S S, Kansal SK, Kantar RS, Kapoor N, Karajizadeh M, Karanth SD, Karasneh RA, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karim A, Karimi SE, Karimi Behnagh A, Kashoo FZ, Kasnazani QHA, Kasraei H, Kassebaum NJ, Kassel MB, Kauppila JH, Kaur N, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Kazmi TH, Kebebew GM, Kebede AD, Kebede F, Keflie TS, Keiyoro PN, Keller C, Kelly JT, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Kesse-Guyot E, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalid N, Khalil AA, Khalilian A, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan A, Khan G, Khan I, Khan IA, Khan MN, Khan M, Khan MJ, Khan MAB, Khan ZA, Khan suheb MZ, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatami F, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh MM, Khavandegar A, Khayat Kashani HR, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khorgamphar M, Khormali M, Khorrami Z, Khosravi A, Khosravi MA, Kifle ZD, Kim G, Kim J, Kim K, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kinzel KE, Kisa A, Kisa S, Klu D, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Kocsis T, Koh DSQ, Kolahi AA, Kolves K, Kompani F, Koren G, Kosen S, Kostev K, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Krishna H, Krishna V, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kuitunen I, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar H, Kumar M, Kumar R, Kumari M, Kumie FT, Kundu S, Kurmi OP, Kusnali A, Kusuma D, Kwarteng A, Kyriopoulos I, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lagat AK, Lager ACJ, Lahmar A, Lai DTC, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lám J, Landrum KR, Lanfranchi F, Lang JJ, Langguth B, Lansingh VC, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Latief K, Latifinaibin K, Lauriola P, Le NHH, Le TTT, Le TDT, Ledda C, Ledesma JR, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leong E, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Ligade VS, Likaka ATM, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lindstrom M, Linehan C, Liu C, Liu G, Liu J, Liu R, Liu S, Liu X, Liu X, Llanaj E, Loftus MJ, López-Bueno R, Lopukhov PD, Loreche AM, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Ma ZF, Maass KL, Machairas N, Machoy M, Madadizadeh F, Madsen C, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Maghazachi AA, Maharaj SB, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi A, Mahmoudi E, Mahmoudi R, Majeed A, Makhdoom IF, Malakan Rad E, Maled V, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra AK, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mansouri P, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maqsood S, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maravilla JC, Marconi AM, Mardi P, Marino M, Marjani A, Martinez G, Martinez-Guerra BA, Martinez-Piedra R, Martini D, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Marzo RR, Masaka A, Masrie A, Mathieson S, Mathioudakis AG, Mathur MR, Mattumpuram J, Matzopoulos R, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, Mazidi M, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McLaughlin SA, McPhail SM, Mechili EA, Medina JRC, Mediratta RP, Meena JK, Mehra R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mekene Meto T, Meles GG, Mendez-Lopez MAM, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengist B, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meresa HA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mesfin BA, Mestrovic T, Mettananda KCD, Mettananda S, Meylakhs P, Mhlanga A, Mhlanga L, Mi T, Miazgowski T, Micha G, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Minh LHN, Mini GK, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi P, Mirica A, Mirijello A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirutse MK, Mirzaei M, Misganaw A, Mishra A, Misra S, Mitchell PB, Mithra P, Mittal C, Mobayen M, Moberg ME, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammed H, Mohammed H, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohan V, Mojiri-Forushani H, Mokari A, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Molokhia M, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moni MA, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosser JF, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mouodi S, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpolya EA, Mrejen M, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mueller UO, Mughal F, Mukherjee S, Mulita F, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Musaigwa F, Musallam KM, Mustafa A, Mustafa G, Muthupandian S, Muthusamy R, Muzaffar M, Myung W, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Naghavi P, Naheed A, Naik GR, Naik G, Nainu F, Nair S, Najmuldeen HHR, Nakhostin Ansari N, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Nascimento GG, Nasehi S, Nashwan AJ, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nazri-Panjaki A, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejjari C, Nena E, Nepal S, Ng M, Nggada HA, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen AH, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nielsen KR, Nigatu YT, Nikolouzakis TK, Nikoobar A, Nikoomanesh F, Nikpoor AR, Ningrum DNA, Nnaji CA, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Nomura S, Noreen M, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Novotney A, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Nutor JJ, Oancea B, Obamiro KO, Oboh MA, Odetokun IA, Odogwu NM, O'Donnell MJ, Oduro MS, Ofakunrin AOD, Ogunkoya A, Oguntade AS, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwafemi YD, Omar HA, Omar Bali A, Omer GL, Ondayo MA, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Onyedibe KI, Ordak M, Orisakwe OE, Orish VN, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Osman WMS, Ostroff SM, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Ouyang G, Owolabi MO, Ozten Y, P A MP, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pal PK, Palicz T, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pan F, Pan HF, Pana A, Panda P, Panda-Jonas S, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pangaribuan HU, Panos GD, Panos LD, Pantazopoulos I, Pantea Stoian AM, Papadopoulou P, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Pasovic M, Passera R, Pasupula DK, Patel HM, Patel J, Patel SK, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Paudel U, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Peprah P, Perdigão J, Pereira M, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Pestell RG, Pesudovs K, Petermann-Rocha FE, Petri WA, Pham HT, Philip AK, Phillips MR, Pierannunzio D, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Piracha ZZ, Piradov MA, Pirouzpanah S, Plakkal N, Plotnikov E, Podder V, Poddighe D, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Poluru R, Ponkilainen VT, Porru F, Postma MJ, Poudel GR, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prada SI, Pradhan PMS, Prakasham TN, Prasad M, Prashant A, Prates EJS, Prieto Alhambra D, PRISCILLA TINA, Pritchett N, Purohit BM, Puvvula J, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qazi AS, Qian G, Qiu S, Qureshi MF, Rabiee Rad M, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafferty Q, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Raheem N, Rahim F, Rahim MJ, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MM, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Rajaa S, Rajput P, Rakovac I, Ramasamy SK, Ramazanu S, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rancic N, Rane A, Rao CR, Rao IR, Rao M, Rao SJ, Rasali DP, Rasella D, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashidi MM, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rasul A, Rathnaiah Babu G, Rauniyar SK, Ravangard R, Ravikumar N, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Rawlley B, Raza RZ, Razo C, Redwan EMM, Rehman FU, Reifels L, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Reyes LF, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee TG, Riaz MA, Ribeiro ALP, Rickard J, Riva HR, Robinson-Oden HE, Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues M, Roever L, Rogowski ELB, Rohloff P, Romadlon DS, Romero-Rodríguez E, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rout HS, Roy N, Roy P, Rubagotti E, Ruela GDA, Rumisha SF, Runghien T, Rwegerera GM, Rynkiewicz A, S N C, Saad AMA, Saadatian Z, Saber K, Saber-Ayad MM, SaberiKamarposhti M, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdev PS, Sachdeva R, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian F, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safaeinejad F, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Saghazadeh A, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahoo U, Sahu M, Saif Z, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salam N, Salamati P, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanna F, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sao Jose BP, Sarasmita MA, Saraswathy SYI, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarkar T, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Satpathy M, Sayeed A, Sayeed MA, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schlaich MP, Schlee W, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schuermans A, Schumacher AE, Schutte AE, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Šekerija M, Selvaraj S, Senapati S, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serban D, Sethi Y, Sha F, Shabany M, Shafaat A, Shafie M, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shah SM, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh A, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shalash AS, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshad H, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shayan M, Shehabeldine AME, Sheikh A, Sheikhi RA, Shen J, Shetty A, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin MJ, Shin YH, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shitaye NA, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shokraneh F, Shokri A, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Shuval K, Siddig EE, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh G, Singh J, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Sinha DN, Sinto R, Siraj MS, Sirota SB, Sitas F, Sivakumar S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Socea B, Sokhan A, Solanki R, Solanki S, Soleimani H, Soliman SSM, Song S, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Spearman S, Sreeramareddy CT, Srivastava VK, Stanaway JD, Stanikzai MH, Stark BA, Starnes JR, Starodubova AV, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiner C, Steinmetz JD, Steiropoulos P, Stevanović A, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stortecky S, Subramaniyan V, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun HZ, Sun J, Sundström J, Sunkersing D, Sunnerhagen KS, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Szócska M, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabish M, TADAKAMADLA JYOTHI, Tadakamadla SK, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taiba J, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tandukar S, Tang H, Tang HK, Tarigan IU, Tariku MK, Tariqujjaman M, Tarkang EE, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Taveira N, Tefera YM, Temsah MH, Temsah RMH, Teramoto M, Tesler R, Teye-Kwadjo E, Thakur R, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Tharwat S, Thayakaran R, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Thomson AM, Thrift AG, Thum CCC, Thygesen LC, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Tiruye TY, Titova MV, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Toriola AT, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran JT, Tran NM, Trico D, Tromans SJ, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tung K, Tyrovolas S, Uddin SMN, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ullah A, Ullah I, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umakanthan S, Umeokonkwo CD, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Unsworth CA, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman JS, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Valizadeh R, Van de Velde SM, Van den Eynde J, Varga O, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Verghese NA, Verma M, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villanueva GI, Vinayak M, Violante FS, Viskadourou M, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic R, Wafa HA, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang C, Wang N, Wang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Waqas M, Ward P, Wassie EG, Watson S, Watson SLW, Weerakoon KG, Wei MY, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilandika A, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wilson S, Wojewodzic MW, Woldegebreal DH, Wolf AW, Wolfe CDA, Wondimagegene YA, Wong YJ, Wongsin U, Wu AM, Wu C, Wu F, Wu X, Wu Z, Xia J, Xiao H, Xie Y, Xu S, Xu WD, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadollahpour A, Yamagishi K, Yang D, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yaribeygi H, Ye P, Yehualashet SS, Yesiltepe M, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yi S, Yigezu A, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yip P, Yismaw MB, Yismaw Y, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, You Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Yuh FH, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zafari N, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zaman SB, Zamora N, Zand R, Zangiabadian M, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zarrintan A, Zeariya MGM, Zeinali Z, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhu B, Zhu L, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zitoun OA, Zoladl M, Zou Z, Zuhlke LJ, Zumla A, Zweck E, Zyoud SH, Wool EE, Murray CJL. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00367-2. [PMID: 38582094 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gateno J, Bartlett S, Kim D, Xia J. Novel patient-specific helical maxillary distractor: an in vitro feasibility study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0901-5027(24)00061-4. [PMID: 38570291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
At present, stock linear distractors are used for internal maxillary distraction osteogenesis. However, the authors' research group has demonstrated, through an in silico analysis, that linear distraction leads to bone deformities and malocclusion, whereas helical distraction can yield ideal outcomes. A system for designing and manufacturing custom helical distractors has recently been developed, and the feasibility of these appliances now needs to be assessed. This study was, therefore, conducted to gain an initial insight into their feasibility. The study had two goals. First, it aimed to demonstrate, in an in vitro model, that the novel system of custom helical distraction can produce appropriate clinical outcomes. The second aim was to compare the performance of custom helical distractors with that of stock devices and hybrid devices (i.e., linear appliances that feature patient-specific footplates). Interpreting the results as trends, this study showed that the system of custom helical distraction resulted in in vitro outcomes that were superior to those obtained with stock and hybrid devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gateno
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - S Bartlett
- Craniofacial Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J Xia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Z, Aharonian F, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Bian W, Bukevich AV, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen HX, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen S, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang JH, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng H, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng Y, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, Hasan M, He HH, He HN, He JY, He Y, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Karpikov I, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li CM, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li SD, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu DB, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Luo Q, Luo Y, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou LJ, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi JC, Qi MY, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Raza A, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Saeed M, Semikoz D, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun DX, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Takata J, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang R, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu QW, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong DR, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang CY, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang WX, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zhao XH, Zheng F, Zhong WJ, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhou XX, Zhu BY, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zou YC, Zuo X. Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:131002. [PMID: 38613275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Bian
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - A V Bukevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - A M Chen
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H X Chen
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J H Fang
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Feng
- Research Center for Astronomical Computing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - S Gabici
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Giacinti
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - M Hasan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - I Karpikov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - C M Li
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S D Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D B Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Luo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - H J Mu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A Neronov
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - L J Ou
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - A Raza
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - M Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Semikoz
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F W Shu
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D X Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - J Takata
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q W Tang
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - R Tang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Z B Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - L P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q W Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D R Xiong
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - W L Xu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Y Yang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W X Yang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y H Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X H Zhao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - W J Zhong
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Y Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Y C Zou
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen D, Ma X, He Y, Xie S, Xia J. Papillary fibroelastomas of tricuspid valve. Acta Cardiol 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38469676 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2327139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng He
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Shurui Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Q, Zhang Y, Liu C, Li G, Xia J, Lu Q, Guo W. High-performance PCW-DFB laser diodes using offset quantum well epitaxial structures. Opt Express 2024; 32:9562-9572. [PMID: 38571187 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrated a high-performance partially corrugated waveguide distributed feedback (PCW-DFB) laser with high output power, low relative intensity noise (RIN) and narrow linewidth. By introducing offset quantum-well structure that provides enough threshold gain difference for single transverse mode operation, the laser can achieve single mode behavior with an 8-µm-wide ridge waveguide. The laser has been designed by the simulation model based on the coupled wave equations, and the fabricated PCW-DFB laser with the cavity length of 1.3 mm exhibited an output power higher than 190 mW. Stable single mode characteristics have been achieved with a side-mode suppression-ratio (SMSR) over 55 dB. The RIN was less than -160.5 dB/Hz at an injection current of 470 mA, and the linewidth reached 45 kHz.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen C, He Y, Ma X, Xia J. Multimodal imaging diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to abnormal papillary muscle insertion. J Clin Ultrasound 2024; 52:318-320. [PMID: 38100183 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This article reports a case of LV outflow obstruction caused by abnormalities of the anterior leaflet connection of the mitral papillary muscle, aiming to highlight the importance of combined multimodal imaging in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of LV outflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng He
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng L, Di Y, Chen C, Xia J, Lei B, Li N, Zhang Q. Depletion of the N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) reader protein IGF2BP3 induces ferroptosis in glioma by modulating the expression of GPX4. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38429265 PMCID: PMC10907351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the multifaceted contributions of m6A modifications to glioma. IGF2BP3, a m6A modification reader protein, plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Though several studies have identified IGF2BP3 as a poor prognostic marker in glioma, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that IGF2BP3 knockdown is detrimental to cell growth and survival in glioma cells. Notably, we discovered that IGF2BP3 regulated ferroptosis by modulating the protein expression level of GPX4 through direct binding to a specific motif on GPX4 mRNA. Strikingly, the m6A modification at this motif was found to be critical for GPX4 mRNA stability and translation. Furthermore, IGF2BP3 knockdown glioma cells were incapable of forming tumors in a mouse xenograft model and were more susceptible to phagocytosis by microglia. Our findings shed light on an unrecognized regulatory function of IGF2BP3 in ferroptosis. The identification of a critical m6A site within the GPX4 transcript elucidates the significance of post-transcriptional control in ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Deng
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yunbo Di
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Tang J, Han J, Xia J, Ma T, Chen XW. Bright Nonblinking Photoluminescence with Blinking Lifetime from a Nanocavity-Coupled Quantum Dot. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1761-1768. [PMID: 38261791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent luminescent nanomaterials for many optoelectronic applications. However, photoluminescence blinking has limited their practical use. Coupling QDs to plasmonic nanostructures shows potential in suppressing blinking. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and debated, hampering the development of bright nonblinking dots. Here, by deterministically coupling a QD to a plasmonic nanocavity, we clarify the mechanism and demonstrate unprecedented single-QD brightness. In particular, we report for the first time that a blinking QD could obtain nonblinking photoluminescence with a blinking lifetime through coupling to the nanocavity. We show that the plasmon-enhanced radiative decay outcompetes the nonradiative Auger process, enabling similar quantum yields for charged and neutral excitons in the same dot. Meanwhile, we demonstrate a record photon detection rate of 17 MHz from a colloidal QD, indicating an experimental photon generation rate of more than 500 MHz. These findings pave the way for ultrabright nonblinking QDs, benefiting diverse QD-based applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Han
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianzi Ma
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhong Y, Xia J, Liao L, Momeni MR. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in diabetic retinopathy: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128182. [PMID: 37977468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating complication of diabetes, having extensive and resilient effects on those who suffer from it. As yet, the underlying cell mechanisms of this microvascular disorder are largely unclear. Recently, growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can be responsible for gene deregulation leading to the alteration of key processes in the development and progression of DR, in addition to the widely recognized pathological mechanisms. It is noteworthy that seemingly unending epigenetic modifications, caused by a prolonged period of hyperglycemia, may be a prominent factor that leads to metabolic memory, and brings epigenetic entities such as non-coding RNA into the equation. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to truly understand this mechanism. Exosomes are responsible for carrying signals from cells close to the vasculature that are participating in abnormal signal transduction to faraway organs and cells by sailing through the bloodstream. These signs indicate metabolic disorders. With the aid of their encased structure, they can store diverse signaling molecules, which then can be dispersed into the blood, urine, and tears. Herein, we summarized various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are related to DR pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the role of exosomal ncRNAs in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhong
- Endocrinology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Endocrinology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 3, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen C, He Y, Ma X, Xia J, Xu Z. A case of minimally invasive small-incision off-pump ligation of a coronary artery fistula monitored by transesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15781. [PMID: 38380824 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This case demonstrated intraoperative real-time transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in minimally invasive small-incision Off-pump ligation of a coronary artery fistula,demonstrating the importance of esophageal echocardiography in surgical monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yafeng He
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - ZhenYi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xia J, Liu JP, Hong W, Ge J, Zhang YH, Cao L, Zhang XZ, Chen XH, Zhou Q. Invasive cardiac lipoma at the left ventricular intermuscular region: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:85. [PMID: 38274340 PMCID: PMC10809313 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study described the case of a 22-year-old woman who had symptoms of left chest pain for >6 months, with further aggravation over 2 days. Computed tomography (CT) images of the mediastinal and pulmonary windows showed low-density shadows in the left ventricle. Echocardiography indicated a slightly stronger echo cluster in the left ventricle, with a range of ~29x30x35 mm, which was closely related to the lower wall and part of the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed that the left ventricular mass was enhanced in a circular and dot-line shape, with a solid mass occupying the left ventricle and a rich blood supply. CT angiography revealed a nodule of size 27x27x24 mm in the left ventricle. During the operation, it was observed that the cardiac lipoma invaded the chordae tendinae and papillary muscle, and a valve replacement was performed. Postoperative examination revealed a piece of gray and anaplastic tissue, measuring 30x22x17 mm. The pathology of the specimen showed that the morphology of the left ventricular mass met the criteria of an intramuscular lipoma. The present study reported a cardiac lipoma involving the left anterior chordae tendinae and papillary muscle, with the patient showing only nonspecific symptoms. Early surgery should be applied to improve the prognosis of cardiac lipoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Heng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Zheng D, Wang C, Xue D, Wang Q, Xia J. Harnessing intermolecular G-quadruplex-based spatial confinement effect for accelerated activation of CRISPR/Cas12a empowers ultra-sensitive detection of PML/RARA fusion genes. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342108. [PMID: 38182385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate detection and classification of the three isoforms of PML/RARA genomic fragments are crucial for predicting disease progression, stratifying risk, and administering precise drug therapies in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In this study, we have developed a highly specific nucleic acid detection platform capable of quantifying the long isoform of the three main PML-RARA isoforms at a constant temperature. This platform integrates the strengths of the CRISPR/Cas12a nuclease-based method and the rolling circle amplification (RCA) technique. Notably, the RCA-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage system incorporates a spatial confinement effect by utilizing intermolecular G-quadruplex structures. This innovative design effectively enhances the local concentration of CRISPR/Cas12a, thereby accelerating its cleaving efficiency towards reporter nucleic acids and enabling the detection of PML/RARA fusion gene expression through spectroscopy. The robust detection of PML/RARA fusion gene from human serum samples validates the reliability and potential of this platform in the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of APL cases. Our findings present an approach that holds significant potential for the further development of the robust CRISPR/Cas sensor system, offering a rapid and adaptable paradigm for APL diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China.
| | - Dan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350011, PR China
| | - Danni Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu J, Xia J, Yan X, Li J, Liu X, Huang R, Wu C. A novel nomogram for predicting HBeAg seroclearance in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101151. [PMID: 37704066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Seroclearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is an important treatment goal for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study developed a nomogram for predicting HBeAg seroclearance in CHB patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred and sixty-nine CHB patients treated with NAs from two institutions between July 2016 to November 2021 were retrospectively included. One institution served as the training set (n = 374) and the other as the external validation set (n = 195). A predictive nomogram was established based on cox regression analysis. RESULTS The overall HBeAg seroclearance rates were 27.3 and 21.5 % after the median follow-up of 100.2 weeks and 65.1 weeks in the training set and validation set, respectively. In the training set, baseline aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, HBeAg, and hepatitis B core antibody levels were independently associated with HBeAg seroclearance and were used to establish the HBEAg SeroClearance (ESC)-nomogram. The calibration curve revealed that the ESC-nomogram had a good agreement with actual observation. The ESC-nomogram showed relatively high accuracy for predicting 48 weeks, 96 weeks, and 144 weeks of HBeAg seroclearance in the training set (AUCs: 0.782, 0.734 and 0.671) and validation set (AUCs: 0.699, 0.718 and 0.689). The patients with high ESC-nomogram scores (≥ 79.51) had significantly higher cumulative incidence of HBeAg seroclearance and seroconversion than patients with low scores (< 79.51) in both sets (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel ESC-nomogram showed good performance for predicting antiviral efficacy in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with NAs treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang R, Liu J, Wang J, Qiu Y, Zhu L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhan J, Xue R, Jiang S, Geng Y, Wan Y, Li M, Mao M, Gao D, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Yin S, Tong X, Xia J, Yan X, Ding W, Chen Y, Li J, Zhu C, Wu C. Histological features of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine aminotransferase according to different criteria. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0357. [PMID: 38206209 PMCID: PMC10786593 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper limits of normal (ULNs) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are different among international guidelines for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to investigate the proportion of significant histological disease in Asian patients with CHB with detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA under diverse ALT ULNs. METHODS Consecutive patients with CHB and detectable HBV DNA who underwent liver biopsy were retrospectively included from four tertiary hospitals. Above grade 2 inflammation and stage 2 fibrosis were defined as significant inflammation and significant fibrosis, respectively. Significant histological disease was defined as above grade 2 inflammation or stage 2 fibrosis. RESULTS Among the 414 patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT, the proportion of those with significant histological disease was lower (59.7%) according to the ULN for ALT at 30/19 U/L (male/female), while the corresponding proportions were 66.7% and 62.3% according to the ULNs of 40 U/L and 35/25 U/L (male/female), respectively. In patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels without significant fibrosis, the proportions of significant inflammation were comparable among different ULNs of ALT at 40 U/L (30.7%), 35/25 U/L (27.3%) and 30/19 U/L (25.0%). The proportion of significant histological disease was significantly lower in patients with normal ALT for 2 determinations at least 6 months apart compared to patients with normal ALT once. CONCLUSIONS Although a more stringent ALT ULN may reduce the risk of the presence of significant histological disease in patients with detectable HBV DNA, the rates of significant histological disease remain high. Persistently normal ALT levels are more important for excluding patients with CHB with a high probability of significant histological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanwang Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiguang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruifei Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yawen Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxin Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimao Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song Q, Ma X, Xia J, Hu P, Ku L. A case of giant unruptured aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15734. [PMID: 38284666 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Leizhi Ku
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia J, Zhao Y, Wu XJ, Qiu HY, Tang XW, Wang Y, Jin ZM, Miao M, Ma X, Wu DP, Chen SN, Chen F. [Clinical observation on 16 cases of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene positive acute myeloid leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1041-1044. [PMID: 38503531 PMCID: PMC10834877 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - X J Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - H Y Qiu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - X W Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Z M Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - M Miao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - D P Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - S N Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Suzhou 215000, China Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng W, Xie Y, Xia J, Qi H, Liu K, Li B, Zhang F, Wen F, Zhang L. Integrated analysis of the lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22466. [PMID: 38125519 PMCID: PMC10731005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism plays a pivotal role in salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP). We constructed a ceRNA network based on SSBP-related differently expressed lncRNAs (2), mRNAs (73) and miRNAs (18). Bioinformatic analyses were utilized to analyze network and found network genes participate in biological pathways related to SSBP pathogenesis such as regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process (GO:0045,428) and cellular response to cytokine stimulus (GO:0071,345). Fourteen candidate ceRNA pathways were selected from network to perform qRT-PCR validation and found nine RNAs (KCNQ1OT1, SLC8A1-AS1, IL1B, BCL2L11, KCNJ15, CX3CR1, KLF2, hsa-miR-362-5p and hsa-miR-423-5p) differently expressed between salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) groups (P < 0.05). Four ceRNA pathways were further validated by luciferase reporter assay and found KCNQ1OT1→hsa-miR-362-5p/hsa-miR-423-5p→IL1B pathways may influence the pathogenic mechanism of SS. Our findings suggested the ceRNA pathway and network may affect SS occurrence mainly through endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fengxu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuyuan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhan J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xue R, Jiang S, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu L, Xia J, Yan X, Ding W, Zhu C, Qiu Y, Li J, Huang R, Wu C. Noninvasive diagnosis of significant liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the indeterminate phase. Virulence 2023; 14:2268497. [PMID: 37938933 PMCID: PMC10653690 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2268497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of significant liver inflammation is an important indication for antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the indeterminate phase. We aimed to establish a non-invasive nomogram to predict significant liver inflammation in these patients. A total of 195 CHB patients in the indeterminate phase were randomly split into training and validation sets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression were applied to identify risk factors and establish a predictive model. A calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to assess the performance of the nomogram. The median age was 42.0 y and 59.5% of the patients were male. Alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and prothrombin time were independent predictors for significant liver inflammation and selected to establish the AGP-nomogram. The calibration plot demonstrated that the predicted results matched the actual values. The DCA showed a high net benefit when the threshold probability was 25-83% in the training set and 31-100% in the validation set. The areas under ROC curves of AGP-nomogram in predicting significant inflammation were significantly higher than ALT in the training set (0.744 vs. 0.642, P = 0.049) and validation set (0.766 vs. 0.660, P = 0.047). The ability of AGP-nomogram in predicting advanced inflammation was also superior to ALT. The AGP-nomogram can accurately identify significant inflammation in CHB patients in the indeterminate phase, and its application may reduce the need for liver biopsy and help identify candidates for antiviral treatment.Abbreviations: AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; ALB: albumin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APRI: aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AUROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CHB: chronic hepatitis B; CI: confidence interval; DCA: decision curve analysis; FIB-4: fibrosis index based on the four factors; GLB: globulin; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBcAb: hepatitis B core antibody; HBeAg: hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; INR: international-normalized ratio; IQR: interquartile range; LASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LB: liver biopsy; LR: Likelihood ratio; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NPV: negative predictive value; PLT: platelets; PPV: positive predictive value; PT: prothrombin time; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; TB: total bilirubin; TE: transient elastography; ULN: upper limit of normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Practice, Jiangpu Street Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruifei Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimao Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanwang Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen M, Li D, Hou Y, Gu M, Zeng Q, Ning D, Li W, Zheng X, Shao Y, Wang Z, Xia J, Yang C, Wei L, Gao H. Capping layer enabled controlled fragmentation of two-dimensional materials by cold drawing. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:5859-5868. [PMID: 37860875 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cold drawing, a well-established processing technique in the polymer industry, was recently revisited and discovered as an efficient material structuring method to create ordered patterns in composites consisting of both cold-drawable polymers and brittle target materials. Such a high-yield and low-cost manufacturing technique enables the large-scale fabrication of micro-ribbon structures for a wide range of functional materials, including two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. Compared to the abundant phenomenological results from experiments, however, the underlying mechanisms of this technique are not fully explored. Here, supported by experimental investigation, finite element calculations, and theoretical modeling, we systematically study the effect of a capping layer on the controlled fragmentation of 2D materials deposited on polymer substrates during the cold drawing. The capping layer is found to prevent the premature fracture of the 2D thin films during elastic deformation of the substrate, when a specific requirement proposed by the theoretical model is satisfied. Controlled fragmentation is enabled in the necking stage due to the protective effect of the capping layer, which also influences the size of the resulting fragments. Flexible and stretchable electrodes based on 2D material ribbons are fabricated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed roadmap. This study gives an accurate understanding of interactions between 2D materials, polymer substrates, and capping layers during cold drawing, and offers guidance for potential applications such as flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxi Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingsheng Zeng
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - De Ning
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Ma Z, Li W, Xu X, Shen P, Zhang SE, Cheng B, Xia J. PDPN + CAFs facilitate the motility of OSCC cells by inhibiting ferroptosis via transferring exosomal lncRNA FTX. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:759. [PMID: 37993428 PMCID: PMC10665425 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant and heterogeneous in tumor microenvironment (TME). Cross-talk between cancer cells and CAFs results in cancer progression. Here, we demonstrated that a distinct cancer-associated fibroblasts subset with podoplanin (PDPN) positive expression (PDPN+ CAFs) was correlated with poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PDPN+ CAFs promoted the progression of OSCC by transferring exosomal lncRNA FTX to OSCC cells. Mechanically, FTX bound to flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1), forming an RNA‒protein complex. FTX enhanced promoter demethylation of FEN1 by recruiting ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2). In addition, FTX/FEN1 axis promoted OSCC cells motility by inhibiting ferroptosis. In xenograft experiments, RSL-3, a ferroptosis-inducing agent, suppressed the tumorigenesis potential of FEN1-overexpressed OSCC cells. Furthermore, Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) was confirmed to participate in the motility promotion induced by FEN1 overexpression. FEN1 could bind to promoter region of ACSL4 and then inhibit ferroptosis in OSCC cells. Our study reveals that PDPN+ CAFs promote the invasiveness of OSCC cells by inhibiting ferroptosis through FTX/FEN1/ACSL4 signaling cascade. PDPN+ CAFs may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyin Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zeyi Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peiqi Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Si-En Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang HP, Xu YY, Xu BL, Lu J, Xia J, Shen T, Fang J, Lei T. Correlation Between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Serum Uric Acid in Patients Recently Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3751-3762. [PMID: 38028991 PMCID: PMC10676110 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigated the link between the distribution of abdominal fat and the concentration of serum uric acid (SUA) in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods Studied 364 individuals had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within one month, and evaluated factors such as the distribution of fat in the abdomen, indicators related to glucose and lipid metabolism. The participants' SUA concentrations were divided into a normal control group (CG) and a hyperuricemia group (HG). Results The HG group had elevated abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat content (VFA), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated albumin (GA), serum creatinine (SCr), triacylglycerol (TG), and lower values in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to the CG group (P < 0.05). Among the obese individuals, the hyperuricemia subgroup exhibited higher measurements in waistline, hipline, VFA, SFA, BMI, PBG, SCr, TG, and lower HDL-C (P < 0.05) compared to the subgroup with normal uric acid levels. In the non-obese group, the hyperuricemia subgroup showed higher VFA, SCr, and FBG levels, and lower HDL-C (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA and serum uric acid (SUA) levels (r = 0.329, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated a 24% increased risk of hyperuricemia with every 10cm2 increase in abdominal VFA. Generate the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that VFA was the most effective predictor of hyperuricemia and insulin resistance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients exhibit a strong correlation between abdominal visceral fat and SUA concentration, the former is identified as an autonomous risk factor for hyperuricemia and an effective indicator for assessing the presence of hyperuricemia and predicting insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ying Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen H, He Y, Xia J, Ma X, Zhong J. Left atrial thrombus disguised as myxoma. Acta Cardiol 2023:1-3. [PMID: 37960932 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2276536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Chen
- Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng He
- Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - JinLong Zhong
- Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Imaging, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital Affiliated Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li W, Wu S, Ren L, Feng B, Chen Z, Li Z, Cheng B, Xia J. Development of an Antiswelling Hydrogel System Incorporating M2-Exosomes and Photothermal Effect for Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS Nano 2023; 17:22106-22120. [PMID: 37902250 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds represent a persistent global health challenge with a substantial impact on patients' health and overall well-being. Herein, a hydrogel system that integrates functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) was developed to achieve an efficient and synergistic therapy for diabetic wounds. We introduced an ion-cross-linked dissipative network into a prefabricated covalent cross-linked network (long-chain polymer network), which was prepared using AuNRs as a specific cross-linker. The ion network was then cross-linked with the long-chain polymer in situ to form a specific network structure, imparting antiswelling and photothermal effects to the hydrogel. This integrated hydrogel system effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species levels, inhibited inflammation, promoted angiogenesis, and stimulated photothermal antibacterial activity through near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. To demonstrate the potential of the hydrogel, we established experimental animal models of oral mucosa ulceration and full-thickness skin defects. In vivo results confirmed that M2-Exos released from the hydrogels played a crucial role in wound closure. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of AuNRs and NIR photothermal effects eradicated bacterial infections in the wound area. Overall, our integrated hydrogel system is a promising tool for accelerating chronic diabetic wound healing and tissue regeneration. This study highlights the potential benefits of combining bioactive M2-Exos and the photothermal effect of AuNRs into an antiswelling hydrogel platform to achieve satisfactory wound healing in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipei Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtai Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li K, Xia J, Liu CG, Zhao XQ, Bai FW. Intracellular accumulation of c-di-GMP and its regulation on self-flocculation of the bacterial cells of Zymomonas mobilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3234-3243. [PMID: 37526330 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis is an emerging chassis for being engineered to produce bulk products due to its unique glycolysis through the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with less ATP produced for lower biomass accumulation and higher product yield. When self-flocculated, the bacterial cells are more productive, since they can self-immobilize within bioreactors for high density, and are more tolerant to stresses for higher product titers, but this morphology needs to be controlled properly to avoid internal mass transfer limitation associated with their strong self-flocculation. Herewith we explored the regulation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) on self-flocculation of the bacterial cells through activating cellulose biosynthesis. While ZMO1365 and ZMO0919 with GGDEF domains for diguanylate cyclase activity catalyze c-di-GMP biosynthesis, ZMO1487 with an EAL domain for phosphodiesterase activity catalyzes c-di-GMP degradation, but ZMO1055 and ZMO0401 contain the dual domains with phosphodiesterase activity predominated. Since c-di-GMP is synthesized from GTP, the intracellular accumulation of this signal molecule through deactivating phosphodiesterase activity is preferred for activating cellulose biosynthesis to flocculate the bacterial cells, because such a strategy exerts less perturbance on intracellular processes regulated by GTP. These discoveries are significant for not only engineering unicellular Z. mobilis strains with the self-flocculating morphology to boost production but also understanding mechanism underlying c-di-GMP biosynthesis and degradation in the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiao C, Pei S, Wu S, Wang Z, Xia J. Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Rep Prog Phys 2023; 86:114503. [PMID: 37774692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfe89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom-interlayer interface between two adjacent layers-that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical properties are largely determined by the vdW interaction between the individual layers,i.e.interlayer coupling, which can be effectively tuned by a number of means. In this review, we summarize and discuss a number of such approaches, including stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure, with both their experimental demonstrations and theoretical predictions. A comprehensive overview of the modulation on structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties by these four approaches are also presented. We conclude this review by discussing several prospective research directions in 2D HSs field, including fundamental physics study, property tuning techniques, and future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Semikoz D, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:151001. [PMID: 37897763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - A M Chen
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - S Gabici
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Giacinti
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Ke
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - H J Mu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A Neronov
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - Z W Ou
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - D Semikoz
- APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - C Y Shao
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F W Shu
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q W Tang
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G G Xin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - W L Xu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - H W Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abe K, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kaneshima R, Kashiwagi Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Mine S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakano Y, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Noguchi Y, Okamoto K, Sato K, Sekiya H, Shiba H, Shimizu K, Shiozawa M, Sonoda Y, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Takenaka A, Tanaka H, Watanabe S, Yano T, Han S, Kajita T, Okumura K, Tashiro T, Tomiya T, Wang X, Xia J, Yoshida S, Megias GD, Fernandez P, Labarga L, Ospina N, Zaldivar B, Pointon BW, Kearns E, Raaf JL, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Griskevich NJ, Kropp WR, Locke S, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Takhistov V, Yankelevich A, Hill J, Park RG, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter CW, Bernard L, Coffani A, Drapier O, El Hedri S, Giampaolo A, Mueller TA, Santos AD, Paganini P, Quilain B, Ishizuka T, Nakamura T, Jang JS, Learned JG, Choi K, Cao S, Anthony LHV, Martin D, Scott M, Sztuc AA, Uchida Y, Berardi V, Catanesi MG, Radicioni E, Calabria NF, Machado LN, De Rosa G, Collazuol G, Iacob F, Lamoureux M, Mattiazzi M, Ludovici L, Gonin M, Pronost G, Fujisawa C, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Boschi T, Di Lodovico F, Gao J, Goldsack A, Katori T, Migenda J, Taani M, Zsoldos S, Kotsar Y, Ozaki H, Suzuki AT, Takeuchi Y, Bronner C, Feng J, Kikawa T, Mori M, Nakaya T, Wendell RA, Yasutome K, Jenkins SJ, McCauley N, Mehta P, Tsui KM, Fukuda Y, Itow Y, Menjo H, Ninomiya K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Mandal M, Mijakowski P, Prabhu YS, Zalipska J, Jia M, Jiang J, Jung CK, Wilking MJ, Yanagisawa C, Harada M, Ishino H, Ito S, Kitagawa H, Koshio Y, Nakanishi F, Sakai S, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Samani S, Wark D, Nova F, Yang JY, Malek M, McElwee JM, Stone O, Thiesse MD, Thompson LF, Okazawa H, Kim SB, Seo JW, Yu I, Ichikawa AK, Nakamura KD, Tairafune S, Nishijima K, Iwamoto K, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Taniuchi N, Yokoyama M, Martens K, de Perio P, Vagins MR, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Inomoto M, Ishitsuka M, Ito H, Kinoshita T, Matsumoto R, Ommura Y, Shigeta N, Shinoki M, Suganuma T, Yamauchi K, Martin JF, Tanaka HA, Towstego T, Akutsu R, Gousy-Leblanc V, Hartz M, Konaka A, Prouse NW, Chen S, Xu BD, Zhang B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Hadley D, Nicholson M, O'Flaherty M, Richards B, Ali A, Jamieson B, Marti L, Minamino A, Pintaudi G, Sano S, Suzuki S, Wada K. Erratum: Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 031802 (2023)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:159903. [PMID: 37897794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.159903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.031802.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim MS, Hwang J, Yon DK, Lee SW, Jung SY, Park S, Johnson CO, Stark BA, Razo C, Abbasian M, Abbastabar H, Abhari AP, Aboyans V, Adane DEA, Adebayo OM, Alahdab F, Almustanyir S, Aly H, Ameyaw EK, Anderson JA, Andrei CL, Aryan Z, Aujayeb A, Bagherieh S, Baltatu OC, Banach M, Bayileyegn NS, Bearne LM, Behnoush AH, Bensenor IM, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhat V, Bikbov B, Bintoro BS, Burkart K, Cámera LA, Catapano AL, Chandrasekar EK, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chi G, Chukwu IS, Chung SC, Cirillo M, Coberly K, Costa VM, Dadras O, Dai X, Do TC, Doshi R, Ekholuenetale M, Elgendy IY, Elhadi M, Fagbamigbe AF, Feizkhah A, Fekadu G, Gill PS, Goldust M, Golechha M, Guan SY, Gupta VK, Hadei M, Hadi NR, Hammoud A, Hankey GJ, Harlianto NI, Hasaballah AI, Hassan S, Hassen MB, Heidari G, Hostiuc M, Ilesanmi OS, Iwagami M, Jokar M, Jonas JB, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Kazemian S, Keykhaei M, Khalaji A, Khan MAB, Khateri S, Kibret BG, Korzh O, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Kumar A, Kumar M, Kuttikkattu A, Laksono T, Larijani B, Le TTT, Lim SS, Liu X, Lorkowski S, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Malhotra K, Manla Y, Maugeri A, Mentis AFA, Mestrovic T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mishra M, Mohammad Y, Mokdad AH, Moni MA, Montasir AA, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morovatdar N, Mousavi-Aghdas SA, Murray CJL, Naghavi M, Nair TS, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen VT, Noubiap JJ, Oancea B, Oliveira GMM, Owolabi MO, Padron-Monedero A, Perico N, Petcu IR, Radfar A, Rafferty Q, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Ram P, Rashedi S, Rashid AM, Rawaf S, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Rezaee M, Roever L, Saad AMA, Saadatagah S, Sadeghi M, Sahebkar A, Saleh MA, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Sharfaei S, Shorofi SA, Singh JA, Singh P, Spartalis M, Sundström J, Tan KK, Teramoto M, Tharwat S, Tyrovolas S, Valadan Tahbaz S, Van den Eynde J, Vart P, Wang C, Wang F, Westerman R, Xia J, Xu S, Yada DY, Yamagishi K, Yonemoto N, Zahir M, Zangiabadian M, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zoladl M, Hay SI, Shin JI, Roth GA. Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1553-e1565. [PMID: 37734799 PMCID: PMC10522777 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. METHODS Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. FINDINGS In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2-128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33-1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41-17·87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2-74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. INTERPRETATION The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Chen B, Zheng D, Xia J, Wu L, Xu J. Intramolecular Accelerated Assembly of Molecular Beacons: A DNA Nanoarchitecture-based Spatial Confinement Strategy toward Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Biosensing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13708-13715. [PMID: 37625083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Physiological function analysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in clinical medicine and hematopathology highlights its significance to be extensively utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for leukemia diagnosis. Herein, taking advantage of the spatial-confinement effect on a three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanoarchitecture, we reported a target-triggered intramolecular accelerated molecular beacon (MB) assembly for rapid and real-time analysis of TdT activity. In this strategy, the 3D DNA nanoarchitecture is first engineered via a cross-linking network hybridization chain reaction (HCR). A number of MBs, which were designed with a polythymine (poly-T) loop, were then conjugated on the scaffold DNA nanoarchitecture, allowing the obtained MB-DNA nanoarchitecture to contain lots of free 3'-hydroxyl (OH) termini inside or outside the super DNA nanostructure. Moreover, the distance between different MBs is closed, and the local concentration of MB is significantly improved owing to the confinement of MBs on this DNA nanoarchitecture. Once encountered with target TdT, the free -OH groups can be recognized by TdT immediately to catalyze the template-independent incorporation of adenine nucleotides, which results in the generation of multiple poly-A chains that rapidly react with many MBs via an intramolecular accelerated assembly process. The time-dependent substantial enhancement of the fluorescence from MBs can thus be applied for robustly analyzing TdT. Our observations suggest that the DNA nanostructure-based spatial confinement effect enables a high molecular collision frequency to accelerate the reaction kinetics, and the super DNA nanoarchitecture exhibits a better nuclease resistance to maintain signal stability. With these advantages, TdT can be rapidly detected with high sensitivity, specificity, and biostability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China
| | - Baoqiang Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zheng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abe K, Akhlaq N, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alonso Monsalve S, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Arihara T, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Bench F, Berardi V, Berns L, Bhadra S, Blanchet A, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bonus T, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Bravar A, Bronner C, Bron S, Bubak A, Buizza Avanzini M, Caballero JA, Calabria NF, Cao S, Carabadjac D, Carter AJ, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chakrani J, Cherdack D, Chong PS, Christodoulou G, Chvirova A, Cicerchia M, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Cudd A, Dalmazzone C, Daret T, Davydov YI, De Roeck A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Delogu CC, Densham C, Dergacheva A, Di Lodovico F, Dolan S, Douqa D, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Dygnarowicz K, Eguchi A, Emery-Schrenk S, Erofeev G, Ershova A, Eurin G, Fedorova D, Fedotov S, Feltre M, Finch AJ, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fiorillo G, Fitton MD, Franco Patiño JM, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Giannessi L, Giganti C, Glagolev V, Gonin M, González Rosa J, Goodman EAG, Gorin A, Grassi M, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Harris DA, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hassani S, Hastings NC, Hayato Y, Henaff D, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Holin A, Holvey T, Hong Van NT, Honjo T, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishitsuka M, Israel HT, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Izumi N, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang JJ, Jonsson P, Joshi S, Jung CK, Jurj PB, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katayama Y, Katori T, Kawaue M, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kikutani H, King S, Kiseeva V, Kisiel J, Kobata T, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Kodama S, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Koto T, Kowalik K, Kudenko Y, Kudo Y, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, La Commara M, Labarga L, Lachner K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Lamers James M, Lamoureux M, Langella A, Laporte JF, Last D, Latham N, Laveder M, Lavitola L, Lawe M, Lee Y, Lin C, Lin SK, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li W, Longhin A, Long KR, Lopez Moreno A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Mandal M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin DGR, Martini M, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matveev V, Mauger C, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCauley N, McElwee J, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McKean J, Mefodiev A, Megias GD, Mehta P, Mellet L, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Miller E, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Molina Bueno L, Moriyama S, Moriyama S, Morrison P, Mueller TA, Munford D, Munteanu L, Nagai K, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakagiri K, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura H, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakano Y, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Naseby CER, Ngoc TV, Nguyen VQ, Niewczas K, Nishimori S, Nishimura Y, Nishizaki K, Nosek T, Nova F, Novella P, Nugent JC, O’Keeffe HM, O’Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Ogawa T, Okada R, Okinaga W, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Ospina N, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Paolone V, Pari M, Parlone J, Parsa S, Pasternak J, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pershey D, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Prabhu YS, Pupilli F, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ramírez MA, Ratoff PN, Reh M, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Roy N, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Santucci G, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Skrobova N, Skwarczynski K, Smyczek D, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Speers AJ, Spina R, Suslov IA, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tairafune S, Takayasu S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Takifuji K, Tanaka HK, Tanihara Y, Tani M, Teklu A, Tereshchenko VV, Teshima N, Thamm N, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vagins M, Vargas D, Varghese M, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Villa E, Vinning WGS, Virginet U, Vladisavljevic T, Wachala T, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wan L, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wood K, Wret C, Xia J, Xu YH, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yershov N, Yevarouskaya U, Yokoyama M, Yoshimoto Y, Yoshimura N, Yu M, Zaki R, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Zhao X, Zhu T, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - N. Akhlaq
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - A. Ali
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Antonova
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Arihara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Asada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Ashida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. T. Atkin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Barbi
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - G. J. Barker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - F. Bench
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V. Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Berns
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Bhadra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Blanchet
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Blondel
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bonus
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Bordoni
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Bravar
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Bronner
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Bron
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. Bubak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Buizza Avanzini
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. A. Caballero
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - N. F. Calabria
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - D. Carabadjac
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. J. Carter
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - S. L. Cartwright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cervera
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Chakrani
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Cherdack
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. S. Chong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A. Chvirova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Cicerchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - J. Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Cudd
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Dalmazzone
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T. Daret
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yu. I. Davydov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Dealtry
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C. C. Delogu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Densham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Dergacheva
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D. Douqa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Doyle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - O. Drapier
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. Dumarchez
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Dunne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K. Dygnarowicz
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Eguchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Emery-Schrenk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Erofeev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Ershova
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Fedorova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Fedotov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Feltre
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. J. Finch
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - G. Fiorillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. D. Fitton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - J. M. Franco Patiño
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fujii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - K. Fusshoeller
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Giannessi
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Giganti
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - V. Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - J. González Rosa
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E. A. G. Goodman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Gorin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Grassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D. R. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. T. Haigh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - D. A. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. Hartz
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Hassani
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. C. Hastings
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Hayato
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - D. Henaff
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Hiramoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Hogan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - J. Holeczek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Holin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Holvey
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - N. T. Hong Van
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. Honjo
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - F. Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - M. Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - H. T. Israel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. Iwamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Izumi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. J. Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - J. J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - P. Jonsson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Joshi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. K. Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. B. Jurj
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Kabirnezhad
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. C. Kaboth
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kakuno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Katayama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. Katori
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - M. Kawaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. Kearns
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kikutani
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. King
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - V. Kiseeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - J. Kisiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T. Kobata
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - L. Koch
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Kodama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - L. L. Kormos
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Koshio
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Kostin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Koto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kowalik
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Kudo
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - R. Kurjata
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. La Commara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Lachner
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. Lagoda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. M. Lakshmi
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Lamers James
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Langella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J.-F. Laporte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Last
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Laveder
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Lavitola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Lawe
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. Lin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S.-K. Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. P. Litchfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. L. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - W. Li
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Longhin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. R. Long
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Lopez Moreno
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - X. Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - L. N. Machado
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. Magaletti
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - K. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - A. D. Marino
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - L. Marti-Magro
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - M. Martini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - J. F. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Maruyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - T. Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - V. Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Mavrokoridis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. S. McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - C. McGrew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - J. McKean
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. D. Megias
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Mellet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Metelko
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Mezzetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - A. Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Mine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. Morrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Th. A. Mueller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Munford
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Munteanu
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K. Nagai
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Nagai
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Nakahata
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. D. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Nakayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Nakayoshi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - T. V. Ngoc
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V. Q. Nguyen
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - K. Niewczas
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Nishimori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - K. Nishizaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Nosek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Novella
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Nugent
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | | | - L. O’Sullivan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Odagawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Okada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - W. Okinaga
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - T. Okusawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. A. Owen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y. Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - V. Palladino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - M. Pari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Parlone
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Parsa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Pasternak
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - D. Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. C. Penn
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - L. Pickering
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - C. Pidcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C. Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Popov
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Porwit
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Pupilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Quilain
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - T. Radermacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B. Radics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. A. Ramírez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - P. N. Ratoff
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Reh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Riccio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - E. Rondio
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Roth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Rubbia
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. C. Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C. A. Ruggles
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Rychter
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - F. Sánchez
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Santucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. M. Schloesser
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Seiya
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - H. Sekiya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Sgalaberna
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Shaikhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Shaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Shaykina
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Shiozawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - W. Shorrock
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Shvartsman
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Skrobova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D. Smyczek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - J. T. Sobczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - H. Sobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A. J. Speers
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R. Spina
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I. A. Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - S. Suvorov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Y. Suzuki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - A. A. Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Tada
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Takayasu
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Takeuchi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - K. Takifuji
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - H. K. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanihara
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M. Tani
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Teklu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | | | - N. Teshima
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Thamm
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - W. Toki
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - C. Touramanis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. M. Tsui
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Tzanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Vagins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Varghese
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E. Villa
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Virginet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. G. Walsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Wendell
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. J. Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Wret
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Y.-H. Xu
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C. Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - G. Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - T. Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - U. Yevarouskaya
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Yoshimura
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Yu
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - R. Zaki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Zalewska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. Zalipska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zaremba
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Zarnecki
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - X. Zhao
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Zhu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Ziembicki
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. D. Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Zito
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Zsoldos
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - T2K Collaboration
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deng M, Guo J, Ling Z, Zhang C, He L, Fan Z, Cheng B, Xia J. KRAS mutations upregulate Runx1 to promote occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1284-1294. [PMID: 37222390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene mutations play an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by not only promoting the occurrence and progression of HNSCC but also affecting sensitivity to treatment and prognosis. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, which has been reported to have a mutation rate from 1.7% to 12.7% and may lead to poor prognosis in HNSCC, but its role remains unclear. Here, we found that the KRAS mutation can promote HNSCC generation through synergism with 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide(4NQO). Mechanistically, KRAS mutations can significantly upregulate Runx1 to promote oral epithelial cell proliferation and migration and inhibit apoptosis. Runx1 inhibitor Ro 5-3335 can effectively inhibit KRAS-mutated HNSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that the KRAS mutation plays an important role in HNSCC and that Runx1 may be a novel therapeutic target for KRAS-mutated HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zihang Ling
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihong He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu X, Lu Y, Lian Y, Chen Z, Xia J, Meng L, Qi Z. Erratum to 'Macrophage Depletion Improves Chronic Rejection in Rats With Allograft Heart Transplantation' [Trans Proc 52 (2020) 992-1000]. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1762. [PMID: 32703674 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y Lian
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Z Chen
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - J Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - L Meng
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Z Qi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li W, Xu X, Ma Z, Shen P, Cheng B, Xia J, Li Y. LncRNA BANCR promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via regulating Rab1A signaling. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:727-737. [PMID: 37433101 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA plays bidirectional roles in human cancers. However, function and molecular mechanism of BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma still need to clarify further. METHODS Long non-coding RNA microarray assay, in situ hybridization staining, clinicopathological data analysis were performed to investigate expression pattern of BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. Constructing ectopically expressed BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via plasmids or siRNAs, then changeable abilities of proliferation and motility of these cells were observed in vitro and in vivo. RNA-protein pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore potential pathways involved in BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA-based regulation of malignant progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA was identified upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and correlated with nodal metastasis and clinical severity of patients. Overexpressed BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA increased percentage of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells, viability, migration, and invasion rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, while silenced BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA could observe weakened effects in vitro. Xenograft tumor formed by BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA-overexpressed cells had bigger volume, faster growth rates, higher weight, and more Ki67+ cells. Pulmonary metastasis induced by BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA-silenced cells had fewer colony nodes, Ki67+ cells, and CD31+ blood vessels. Furthermore, BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA was mainly localized in nucleus of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and bound Ras-associated binding 1A. Silencing Ras-associated binding 1A could damage mobile ability and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-κB in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells induced by overexpressing BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA. Opposite trend was also observed. CONCLUSION Acting as a promoter in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis, BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cells proliferation and motility by regulating the BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA/Ras-associated binding 1A complex, which activates nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyin Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fang Y, Xia J, Lian Y, Zhang M, Kang Y, Zhao Z, Wang L, Yin P, Wang Z, Ye C, Zhou M, He Y. The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to dietary risk factors in the provinces of China, 2002-2018: a nationwide population-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 37:100784. [PMID: 37693878 PMCID: PMC10485670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is on the rise in China, yet a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the temporal trends and distribution of CVD burden attributable to dietary factors across the provinces remains elusive. This study endeavors to provide a comprehensive depiction of the burden of CVDs attributable to dietary risk factors across China's geographical regions from 2002 to 2018. Methods Data from the China National Nutrition Surveys, the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance, the Hypertension Survey, and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention cause-of-death reporting system were used to estimate the intake of dietary factor, the number of deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality rate, for ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhage and other stroke (HOS) attributable to dietary factors at national and provincial levels in China from 2002 to 2018. Using a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of CVDs burden attributable to suboptimal intake of seven dietary factors, both individually and collectively, among Chinese citizens aged 20 years or older. Finding The mean consumption of whole grains, soybeans, nuts, vegetables, fruits, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) exhibited an upward trend from 2002 to 2018. However, with the exception of red meat and SSBs, the average intake remained below the levels recommended levels outlined in the Chinese national dietary guidelines. Inadequate fruit, whole grain, and vegetables intake were the leading dietary risk factors for IHD, IS and HOS in China, while nuts, soybean and SSB were only associated with IHD mortality. From 2002 to 2018, the number of deaths and mortality rate for CVDs attributable to suboptimal diet among Chinese males were greater than that of females. With increasing age, the diet-related mortality rate for CVDs increased substantially. In 2018, the nationwide mortality rate attributable to diet was found to be 77.9 (95% UI, 77.5-78.1) per 100,000 population for IHD, 34.1 (95% UI, 33.8-34.2) for IS, and 32.8 (95% UI, 32.4-32.8) for HOS. Suboptimal diet was responsible for 16.0 million (95% UI, 13.8-18.4) DALYs and 1137.1 (95% UI, 980.4-1312.3) DALYs per 100,000 population for stroke, and 13.9 million (95% UI, 11.8-16.3) DALYs and 990.2 (95% UI, 841.2-1158.6) DALYs for IHD. Across the provinces of China, in 2018, the highest age-standardized mortality rates of all diet-related deaths were observed in Shandong (92.8 [95% UI, 89.9-93.3]) for IHD, Heilongjiang (38.1 [95% UI, 36.2-38.8]) for IS, and Tibet (68.3 [95% UI, 65.0-70.1]) for HOS. The highest diet related DALYs were observed in Henan (1.4 million [95% UI, 1.2-1.6] for IS, and 1.3 million [95% UI, 1.1-1.5] for IHD). Interpretation This study provides a comprehensive picture of the geographic variation and temporal trends of the burden of CVDs attributable to dietary risk factors at the national and provincial levels from 2002 to 2018 in China, highlighting the need for geographically targeted intervention strategies to improve the quality of diet and reduce the diet-related burden of CVDs. Funding National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1315303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82103966).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Fang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yiyao Lian
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuting Kang
- Office of National Clinical Research for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenping Zhao
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Chen Ye
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuna He
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ong KL, Stafford LK, McLaughlin SA, Boyko EJ, Vollset SE, Smith AE, Dalton BE, Duprey J, Cruz JA, Hagins H, Lindstedt PA, Aali A, Abate YH, Abate MD, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abd-Rabu R, Abdulah DM, Abdullah AYM, Abedi V, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Adane TD, Adane DE, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adekanmbi V, Adepoju AV, Adnani QES, Afolabi RF, Agarwal G, Aghdam ZB, Agudelo-Botero M, Aguilera Arriagada CE, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad D, Ahmad R, Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi K, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed LA, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Akinyemi RO, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, AL-Ahdal TMA, Alalwan TA, Al-Aly Z, AlBataineh MT, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alemi S, Ali H, Alinia T, Aljunid SM, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare F, Ameyaw EK, Amiri S, Amusa GA, Andrei CL, Anjana RM, Ansar A, Ansari G, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Arifin H, Arkew M, Armocida B, Ärnlöv J, Artamonov AA, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Aryan Z, Asemu MT, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Askari E, Asmelash D, Astell-Burt T, Athar M, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Avila-Burgos L, Awaisu A, Azadnajafabad S, B DB, Babamohamadi H, Badar M, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bah S, Bahadory S, Bai R, Baig AA, Baltatu OC, Baradaran HR, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barengo NC, Bärnighausen TW, Barone MTU, Barone-Adesi F, Barrow A, Bashiri H, Basiru A, Basu S, Basu S, Batiha AMM, Batra K, Bayih MT, Bayileyegn NS, Behnoush AH, Bekele AB, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Belo L, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berhie AY, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhatti JS, Bikbov B, Bilal F, Bintoro BS, Bitaraf S, Bitra VR, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Bodolica V, Boloor A, Brauer M, Brazo-Sayavera J, Brenner H, Butt ZA, Calina D, Campos LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao Y, Cao C, Car J, Carvalho M, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chadwick J, Chandrasekar EK, Chanie GS, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chauhan K, Cheema HA, Chekol Abebe E, Chen S, Cherbuin N, Chichagi F, Chidambaram SB, Cho WCS, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury EK, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung SC, Coberly K, Columbus A, Contreras D, Cousin E, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Cuschieri S, Dabo B, Dadras O, Dai X, Damasceno AAM, Dandona R, Dandona L, Das S, Dascalu AM, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, De la Cruz-Góngora V, Debele GR, Delpasand K, Demisse FW, Demissie GD, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deo SV, Dervišević E, Desai HD, Desale AT, Dessie AM, Desta F, Dewan SMR, Dey S, Dhama K, Dhimal M, Diao N, Diaz D, Dinu M, Diress M, Djalalinia S, Doan LP, Dongarwar D, dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Duncan BB, Dutta S, Dziedzic AM, Edinur HA, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Elgendy IY, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Elmeligy OAA, Elmonem MA, Endeshaw D, Esayas HL, Eshetu HB, Etaee F, Fadhil I, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Falahi S, Faris MEM, Farrokhpour H, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fazli G, Feng X, Ferede TY, Fischer F, Flood D, Forouhari A, Foroumadi R, Foroutan Koudehi M, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Gaipov A, Galali Y, Ganesan B, Garcia-Gordillo MA, Gautam RK, Gebrehiwot M, Gebrekidan KG, Gebremeskel TG, Getacher L, Ghadirian F, Ghamari SH, Ghasemi Nour M, Ghassemi F, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gopalani SV, Guadie HA, Guan SY, Gudayu TW, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Gupta R, Gupta K, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gyawali B, Haddadi R, Hadi NR, Haile TG, Hajibeygi R, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Haque S, Harandi H, Harlianto NI, Hasan SMM, Hasan SS, Hasani H, Hassanipour S, Hassen MB, Haubold J, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Hessami K, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Hossain S, Hossain MS, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H, Huang J, Huda MN, Hussain S, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ikeda N, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Iqbal A, Islam SMS, Islam RM, Ismail NE, Iso H, Isola G, Itumalla R, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iyamu IO, Iyasu AN, Jacob L, Jafarzadeh A, Jahrami H, Jain R, Jaja C, Jamalpoor Z, Jamshidi E, Janakiraman B, Jayanna K, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jayawardena R, Jebai R, Jeong W, Jin Y, Jokar M, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joseph A, Joshua CE, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabthymer RH, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kalhor R, Kandel H, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karkhah S, Katoto PDMC, Kaur N, Kazemian S, Kebede SA, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khan MAB, Khan M, Khan A, Khanal S, Khatatbeh MM, Khater AM, Khateri S, khorashadizadeh F, Khubchandani J, Kibret BG, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kivimäki M, Kolahi AA, Komaki S, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Korzh O, Kostev K, Kothari N, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus M, Kuddus MA, Kumar R, Kumar H, Kundu S, Kurniasari MD, Kuttikkattu A, La Vecchia C, Lallukka T, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Latief K, Lawal BK, Le TTT, Le TTB, Lee SWH, Lee M, Lee WC, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SW, Legesse SM, Lenzi J, Li Y, Li MC, Lim SS, Lim LL, Liu X, Liu C, Lo CH, Lopes G, Lorkowski S, Lozano R, Lucchetti G, Maghazachi AA, Mahasha PW, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi R, Mahmoudimanesh M, Mai AT, Majeed A, Majma Sanaye P, Makris KC, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mansouri B, Marateb HR, Mardi P, Martini S, Martorell M, Marzo RR, Masoudi R, Masoudi S, Mathews E, Maugeri A, Mazzaglia G, Mekonnen T, Meshkat M, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Minh LHN, Mini GK, Miranda JJ, Mirfakhraie R, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Misganaw A, Misgina KH, Mishra M, Moazen B, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadshahi M, Mohseni A, Mojiri-forushani H, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Mons U, Montazeri F, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi Y, Moradi M, Moradi Sarabi M, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mossialos E, Mostafavi E, Mueller UO, Mulita F, Mulita A, Murillo-Zamora E, Musa KI, Mwita JC, Nagaraju SP, Naghavi M, Nainu F, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Nangia V, Nargus S, Naser AY, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Nayak BP, Ndejjo R, Negash H, Negoi RI, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen DH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Nguyen HQ, Niazi RK, Nigatu YT, Ningrum DNA, Nizam MA, Nnyanzi LA, Noreen M, Noubiap JJ, Nzoputam OJ, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Odogwu NM, Odukoya OO, Ojha VA, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olufadewa II, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Ortiz A, Osuagwu UL, Oulhaj A, Owolabi MO, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Palladino R, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pantea Stoian AM, Pardhan S, Parekh T, Parekh U, Pasovic M, Patel J, Patel JR, Paudel U, Pepito VCF, Pereira M, Perico N, Perna S, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Podder V, Postma MJ, Pourali G, Pourtaheri N, Prates EJS, Qadir MMF, Qattea I, Raee P, Rafique I, Rahimi M, Rahimifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MO, Rahman MA, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MM, Rahmani M, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Rahmawaty S, Rahnavard N, Rajbhandari B, Ram P, Ramazanu S, Rana J, Rancic N, Ranjha MMAN, Rao CR, Rapaka D, Rasali DP, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rashidi MM, Ratan ZA, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Redwan EMM, Remuzzi G, Rengasamy KRR, Renzaho AMN, Reyes LF, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rezazadeh H, Riahi SM, Rias YA, Riaz M, Ribeiro D, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rohloff P, Roshandel G, Roustazadeh A, Rwegerera GM, Saad AMA, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sabzmakan L, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeed U, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safi S, Safi SZ, Saghazadeh A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahoo H, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Sajid MR, Salahi S, Salahi S, Saleh MA, Salehi MA, Salomon JA, Sanabria J, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Sargazi S, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sawhney M, Schlaich MP, Schmidt MI, Schuermans A, Seidu AA, Senthil Kumar N, Sepanlou SG, Sethi Y, Seylani A, Shabany M, Shafaghat T, Shafeghat M, Shafie M, Shah NS, Shahid S, Shaikh MA, Shanawaz M, Shannawaz M, Sharfaei S, Shashamo BB, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shivalli S, Shobeiri P, Shokri F, Shuval K, Sibhat MM, Silva LMLR, Simpson CR, Singh JA, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Skryabina AA, Sohag AAM, Soleimani H, Solikhah S, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Somayaji R, Sorensen RJD, Starodubova AV, Sujata S, Suleman M, Sun J, Sundström J, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabish M, Taheri M, Taheri E, Taki E, Tamuzi JJLL, Tan KK, Tat NY, Taye BT, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Tesler R, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapa R, Tharwat S, Thomas N, Ticoalu JHV, Tiyuri A, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone MR, Trico D, Trihandini I, Tripathy JP, Tromans SJ, Tsegay GM, Tualeka AR, Tufa DG, Tyrovolas S, Ullah S, Upadhyay E, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Valizadeh R, van Daalen KR, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vaziri S, Verma MV, Verras GI, Vo DC, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wassie GT, Wei MYW, Weldemariam AH, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Wu Y, Wulandari RDWI, Xia J, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Yada DY, Yang L, Yatsuya H, Yesiltepe M, Yi S, Yohannis HK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Zaman SB, Zamora N, Zare I, Zarea K, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeru NG, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zielińska M, Zikarg YT, Zodpey S, Zoladl M, Zou Z, Zumla A, Zuniga YMH, Magliano DJ, Murray CJL, Hay SI, Vos T. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2023; 402:203-234. [PMID: 37356446 PMCID: PMC10364581 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. METHODS Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FINDINGS In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500-564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8-6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7-9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5-13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1-79·5) in individuals aged 75-79 years. Total diabetes prevalence-especially among older adults-primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1-96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9-95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5-71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5-30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22-1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1-17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8-11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. INTERPRETATION Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Xia J, Yang L, Huang C, Deng S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Song C. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Improved Ageing-Associated Cognitive Decline by Regulating Glial Polarization. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:398. [PMID: 37504929 PMCID: PMC10382059 DOI: 10.3390/md21070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation induced by microglial and astrocyte polarizations may contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but conflicting results were reported after different n-3 PUFA treatments. This study examined both the change in glial polarizations in ageing rats and the differential effects of two omega-3 PUFAs. The results showed that both PUFAs improved spatial memory in ageing rats, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The imbalance between microglial M1/M2 polarizations, such as up-regulating ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and down-regulating CD206 and arginase-1 (ARG-1) was reversed in the hippocampus by both n-3 PUFAs, while the DHA effect on CD206 was stronger. Astrocyte A1 polarization presented increasing S100B and C3 but decreasing A2 parameter S100A10 in the ageing brain, which were restored by both PUFAs, while DHA was more effective on S100A10 than EPA. Consistent with microglial M1 activation, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased, which were attenuated by DHA, while EPA only suppressed IL-6. In correlation with astrocyte changes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor was increased in ageing rats, which was more powerfully down-regulated by DHA than EPA. In summary, enhanced microglial M1 and astrocytic A1 polarizations may contribute to increased brain pro-inflammatory cytokines, while DHA was more powerful than EPA to alleviate ageing-associated neuroimmunological changes, thereby better-improving memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Longen Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengyi Huang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuyi Deng
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
He C, Zhang Y, Wen T, Pei S, Wang Z, Xia J, Xi G, Li W, Wang J, Gu G, Zhong G, Wei L, Yang C, Chen M. Heteropolyacids: An Ultrasensitive Ionic Volume-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37405966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is regarded as the most direct and powerful tool to identify chemical fingerprints. However, current SERS substrate materials still face some critical challenges, including low molecular utilization efficiency and low selectivity. Herein, a novel oxygen vacancy heteropolyacid─H10Fe3Mo21O51 (HFMO)─is developed as a high-performance volume-enhanced Raman scattering (VERS)-active platform. Due to its merit of water solubility, HFMO forms a special coordination bond with the probe molecule at the molecular level, which allows its enhancing ability to be comparable to that of noble metals. An enhancement factor of 1.26 × 109 and a very low detection limit of 10-13 M for rhodamine 6G were obtained. A robust O-N coordination bond was formed between the anion of HFMO and the probe molecule, resulting in a special electron transfer path (Mo-O-N) with high selectivity, which is verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and density functional theory calculations. That is to say, the proposed HFMO platform has excellent VERS enhancing effect, specifically for the molecules containing the imino group (e.g., methyl blue, detection limit: 10-11 M), offering the merits of high reproducibility and uniformity, high-temperature resistance, long-time laser irradiation, and strong acid resistance. Such an initial effort on the ionic type VERS platform may enable the further development of highly sensitive, highly selective, and water-soluble VERS technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenying He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanao Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611713, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611713, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611713, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Xi
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng HL, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Long WJ, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Nan YC, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhang B, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng JH, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A tera-electron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst. Science 2023:eadg9328. [PMID: 37289911 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a tera-electron volt (TeV) afterglow, but the early onset of this has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB 221009A, which serendipitously occurred within the instrument field of view. More than 64,000 photons >0.2 TeV were detected within the first 3000 seconds. The TeV flux began several minutes after the GRB trigger, then rose to a peak about 10 seconds later. This was followed by a decay phase, which became more rapid ~650 seconds after the peak. We interpret the emission using a model of a relativistic jet with half-opening angle ~0.8°. This is consistent with the core of a structured jet and could explain the high isotropic energy of this GRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L X Bai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H L Cheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X Q Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W K Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B W Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Q Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Ke
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J S Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - W J Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y C Nan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z W Ou
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Y Shao
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Y V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J S Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - K Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G G Xin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R F Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Yan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - H W Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z K Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhang
- Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S B Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - J H Zheng
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu B, Zhu J, Xiao F, Jiao C, Liang Y, Wen T, Wu S, Zhang Z, Lin L, Pei S, Jia H, Chen Y, Ren Z, Wei X, Huang W, Xia J, Wang Z. Identifying, Resolving, and Quantifying Anisotropy in ReS 2 Nanomechanical Resonators. Small 2023; 19:e2300631. [PMID: 36897000 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor, rhenium disulfide (ReS2 ) is renowned for its strong in-plane anisotropy in electrical, optical, and thermal properties. In contrast to the electrical, optical, optoelectrical, and thermal anisotropies that are extensively studied in ReS2 , experimental characterization of mechanical properties has largely remained elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic response in ReS2 nanomechanical resonators can be leveraged to unambiguously resolve such disputes. Using anisotropic modal analysis, the parameter space for ReS2 resonators in which mechanical anisotropy is best manifested in resonant responses is determined. By measuring their dynamic response in both spectral and spatial domains using resonant nanomechanical spectromicroscopy, it is clearly shown that ReS2 crystal is mechanically anisotropic. Through fitting numerical models to experimental results, it is quantitatively determined that the in-plane Young's moduli are 127 and 201 GPa along the two orthogonal mechanical axes. In combination with polarized reflectance measurements, it is shown that the mechanical soft axis aligns with the Re-Re chain in the ReS2 crystal. These results demonstrate that dynamic responses in nanomechanical devices can offer important insights into intrinsic properties in 2D crystals and provide design guidelines for future nanodevices with anisotropic resonant responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Zhu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yachun Liang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zejuan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ziming Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen C, Xia J, Martinez Q, Jiang X, Bahai H. Molecular dynamics of interfacial crystallization of dodecane on hydroxylated silica surface impacted by H2O and CO2. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2892937. [PMID: 37226996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of dodecane in a nanopore at temperatures typical in exploited or depleted oil reservoirs is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The dodecane morphology is found to be determined by interactions between interfacial crystallization and surface wetting of the simplified oil, while "evaporation" only plays a minor role. The morphology changes from an isolated, solidified dodecane droplet to a film with orderly lamellae structures remaining within, and finally to a film containing randomly distributed dodecane molecules, as the system temperature increases. In a nanoslit under the impact of water, since water wins against oil in surface wetting on the silica surface due to electrostatic interaction induced hydrogen bonding between water and the silanol group of silica, the spreading of dodecane molecules over the silica surface is impeded by this water confinement mechanism. Meanwhile, interfacial crystallization is enhanced, leading to always an isolated dodecane "droplet," with crystallization weakening as the temperature increases. Since dodecane is immiscible to water, there is no mechanism for dodecane to escape the silica surface, and the competition of surface wetting between water and oil determines the morphology of the crystallized dodecane droplet. For the CO2-dodecane system in a nanoslit, CO2 is an efficient solvent for dodecane at all temperatures. Therefore, interfacial crystallization rapidly disappears. The competition of surface adsorption between CO2 and dodecane is secondary for all cases. The dissolution mechanism is a clear clue for the fact that CO2 is more effective than water flooding in oil recovery for a depleted oil reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - J Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Q Martinez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - X Jiang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - H Bahai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu L, Yu Y, Xia J, Ning Y. A rare presentation of Sintilimab-induced swelling along the vessels: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33859. [PMID: 37233405 PMCID: PMC10219706 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Immune-related adverse events are occasionally reported in Sintilimab treatment. This study reports a forward and reverse swelling case along the vein after infusion of Sintilimab. At present, swelling along the vascular direction during peripheral infusion are limitedly reported at home and abroad, especially when choosing a vein with thick, elastic, and good blood return. PATIENT CONCERNS A 56-year-old male who suffered from esophageal cancer and liver cancer and received albumin-bound paclitaxel and nedaplatin chemotherapy in combination with Sintilimab immunotherapy appeared swelling along the vessel after infusion of Sintilimab. The patient was punctured 3 times. DIAGNOSES Sintilimab-induced vascular edema may be a side effect resulted from a combination of variables such as relatively poor vascular function of the patient, chemical extravasation, allergic skin reactions, venous valves, vascular intima, and diameter stenosis. Sintilimab rarely causes vascular edema only when drug allergic reaction is the underlying factor. As only a few cases of vascular edema caused by Sintilimab have been reported, causes to such a drug-induced vascular edema remained unclear. INTERVENTIONS The swelling was controlled by an intravenous specialist nurse according to delayed extravasation treatment and the doctor anti-allergy treatment, but the uncertainty of repeated puncture and symptom diagnosis caused pain and anxiety to the patient and his family. OUTCOMES The symptom of swelling was gradually relieved after the anti-allergic treatment. The patient completed the following drug infusion without discomfort after the third puncture. When the patient was discharged the next day, swelling in his both hands disappeared, and the patient had no anxiety or discomfort. LESSONS The side effects of immunotherapy may accumulate over time. Early identification and appropriate nursing management are the keys to minimizing patients' pain and anxiety. To effectively treat symptoms, nurses could benefit from quickly identifying the source of swelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Intensive Care Unit, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanting Ning
- Department of nursing administration, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hao Z, Ren L, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wu S, Liu G, Cheng B, Wu J, Xia J. A multifunctional neuromodulation platform utilizing Schwann cell-derived exosomes orchestrates bone microenvironment via immunomodulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:206-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
47
|
Hao Z, Liu G, Ren L, Liu J, Liu C, Yang T, Wu X, Zhang X, Yang L, Xia J, Li W. A Self-Healing Multifunctional Hydrogel System Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing through Orchestrating Immunoinflammatory Microenvironment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19847-19862. [PMID: 37042619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing an effective treatment strategy of drug delivery to improve diabetic wound healing remains a major challenge in clinical practice nowadays, due to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, angiopathy, and oxidative damage in the wound microenvironment. Herein, an effective and convenient strategy was designed through a self-healing multiple-dynamic-bond cross-linked hydrogel with interpenetrating networks, which was formed by multiple-dynamic-bond cross-linking of reversible catechol-Fe3+ coordinate bonds, hydrogen bonding, and Schiff base bonds. The excellent autonomous healing of the hydrogel was initiated and accelerated by Schiff bonds with reversible breakage between 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde containing catechol and aldehyde groups and chitosan chains, and further consolidated by the co-optation of other noncovalent interactions contributed of hydrogen bonding and Fe3+ coordinate bonds. Intriguingly, cathelicidin LL-37 was introduced and uniformly dispersed in the dynamic interpenetrating networks of the hydrogel as a bioactive molecular to orchestrate the diabetic wound healing microenvironment. This multifunctional wound dressing can significantly promote diabetic wound healing by antibacterial activity, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, neovascularization, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study provided an effective and safe strategy for guiding the diabetic wound treatment in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Jiangchen Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Chuanzi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510050, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen W, Chen X, Wang L, Yang R, Zhang W, Zhang S, Xia J, Cheng B, Wu T, Ren X. TIPE3 represses head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression via triggering PGAM5 mediated mitochondria dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37024453 PMCID: PMC10079926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in balancing oxidative stress and cell death during cancer cell proliferation. Rapid tumor growth induces tremendous stress on mitochondria. The mammalian tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-likes (TIPEs) family plays critical roles in balancing cancer cell death and survival. Yet, the roles of TIPEs in HNSCC tumorigenesis and mitochondria stress maintenance is unclear. Based on an integrative analysis of public HNSCC datasets, we identified that the downregulation of TIPE3 via its promoter hypermethylation modification is the major event of TIPEs alterations during HNSCC tumorigenesis. Low expression levels of TIPE3 were correlated with high malignancy and poor clinical outcomes of HNSCC patients. Restoring TIPE3 represses HNSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, while silencing TIPE3 acted on an opposite way. Mechanistically, TIPE3 band to the PGAM5 and electron transport chain (ETC) complex. Restoring TIPE3 promoted PGAM5 recruiting BAX and dephosphorylating p-DRP1(Ser637), which triggered mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and fragmentation. Ultimately, TIPE3 induced ETC damage and oxygen consumption rate decrease, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and cell apoptosis. Collectively, our work reveals that TIPE3 plays critical role in maintaining mitochondrial stress and cancer cell progression in HNSCC, which might be a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Lixuan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Rongchun Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Tong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li J, Yang S, Li C, Zhu G, Xia J. Prognostic value of combined pre- and postoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing trans-catheter chemoembolisation. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:301-309. [PMID: 36690510 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the prognostic value of the postoperative and dynamic albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing trans-catheter chemoembolisation (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 545 HCC patients undergoing initial TACE were enrolled into the study. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the best cut-off for AAPR. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to confirm the independent prognostic effect of AAPR on overall survival (OS). The predictive performance of AAPR was assessed by ROC curves, concordance index (C-index), and Akaike information criterion (AIC), and was compared to existing liver function assessment systems. RESULTS The optimal cut-off value for the AAPR was 0.26. Elevated AAPR (>0.26) was associated with a low risk of death after adjustment whether before (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.4-0.69) or after (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95) TACE treatment. The combined pre- and postoperative AAPR showed much better performance in ROC curve (1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs: 0.69, 0.71, 0.69), C-index (0.65; 95% CI: 0.59-0.72) and AIC analyses than pre-AAPR and post-AAPR alone or liver function assessment systems. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated both preoperative and postoperative AAPR were independent prognostic factors for HCC patients undergoing TACE. In addition, the combined pre- and post-AAPR showed better predictive performance than pre-AAPR and post-AAPR alone or liver function assessment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - C Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - J Xia
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xia J, Zhao Y, Chen F, Miao M, Qiu HY, Ma X, Tang XW, Wang Y, Wu XJ, Fu ZZ, Wu DP, Chen SN. [Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients with the SET-NUP214 fusion gene: Efficacy and survival analysis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:410-415. [PMID: 37032136 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220411-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with acute leukemia who are positive for the SET-NUP214 fusion gene (SET-NUP214+AL). Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 18 patients with SET-NUP214+AL who received allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital from December 2014 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate treatment efficacy and prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: Of the 18 patients, 12 were male and 6 were female, and the median age was 29 years (range, 13-55 years). There were six cases of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (three cases of myeloid/T, two cases of B/T, one case of myeloid/B/T), nine cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (one case of B-ALL and eight cases of T-ALL), and three cases of acute myeloid leukemia. All patients received induction chemotherapy after diagnosis, and 17 patients achieved complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy. All patients subsequently received allo-HSCT. Pre-transplantation status: 15 patients were in the first CR, 1 patient was in the second CR, 1 was in partial remission, and 1 patient did not reach CR. All patients were successfully implanted with stem cells. The median time of granulocyte and platelet reconstitution was +12 and +13 days, respectively. With a median follow-up of 23 (4-80) months, 15 patients survived, while 3 patients died. The cause of death was recurrence of SET-NUP214+AL after transplantation. After allo-HSCT, 5 patients relapsed. The estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were 83.3%±15.2% and 55.4%±20.7%, respectively. Among the 15 patients who achieved CR before transplantation, there was no significant difference in OS and RFS between haploidentical HSCT and matched sibling donor HSCT (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis and long-term survival rate of patients with SET-NUP214+AL. Disease recurrence is the most important factor affecting long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - M Miao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - H Y Qiu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - X W Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - X J Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Z Z Fu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - D P Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - S N Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|