1
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Toh ZH, Shah SM, Chua CH, Hoskin AK, Agrawal R, Shah M. International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES): Visual outcomes in open globe injuries in rural West India. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:88-96. [PMID: 35022567 PMCID: PMC9829745 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors influencing final visual outcome after surgical repair of open globe injuries (OGIs) in a rural population using the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) online registry. SUBJECTS/METHODS Retrospective cohort study of patients with OGI. OGIs were identified from the IGATES database at a tertiary referral eye care centre in rural West India over a period of 12 years. Patient demographics, clinical and pre-operative factors affecting final visual outcome was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 791 eyes with OGIs were included in data analysis. 11 eyes that were lost to follow-up and 12 eyes with incomplete data were excluded. Most of the patients were male (559, 70.6%) and mean age of all patients was 23.9 years ± 19.4 years. Occupational hazards (including domestic housework) (307, 38.8%) and leisure play (324, 41.0%) were the leading causes of OGI. The most common mechanism of injury was being struck by a wooden stick (250, 31.6%). Univariate analysis of pre-operative variables showed initial visual acuity (VA), zone of injury, size of wound, structures involved in the injury and presence of infection were significant prognostic factors for worse final visual outcome (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed VA ≤ 3/60 or worse at presentation had statistically significantly higher odds ratio of ending up with worse visual outcomes (p < 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Males in working age groups suffer from OGIs more frequently, usually from agricultural and pastoral activities. Initial VA, zone 3 injuries, corneoscleral wound, large wound size and presence of post-traumatic infections are significant prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong Toh
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chun Hau Chua
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette K Hoskin
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mehul Shah
- Drashti Netralaya Ophthalmic Mission Trust, Dahod, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Khabazkhoob M, Yekta A, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Prevalence of ocular trauma in 6-12-year-old children living in Shahroud, Iran. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:320. [PMID: 35883120 PMCID: PMC9316335 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the prevalence of ocular trauma in Iranian children aged 6–12 years. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study, comprised the first phase of the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study on primary school children using cluster sampling in urban areas and census in rural areas. The students underwent the measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity as well as non-cycloplegic, cycloplegic, and subjective refraction. The history of trauma, hospitalization, and surgery due to trauma was collected from parents using a questionnaire. Results The data of the trauma history was recorded for 5267 out of 5620 students. The mean age of the students was 9.7 ± 1.7 years (range: 6–12 years), 53.7% of them were boys, and 79.3% were from urban areas. A positive history of ocular trauma was found in 285 participants, and the lifetime prevalence of ocular injury (95% CI) was 5.2% (4.6–5.9). Blunt trauma was the most common ocular injury with a prevalence of 66.2%. There was a significant positive assocation between ocular trauma and living in rural areas (OR: 1.49, p: 0.012), older age (OR: 1.17, p < 0.001), and male sex (OR: 1.62, p: 0.002). Furthermore, 9.3% and 4.7% of the traumas required hospitalization and surgical intervention, respectively. Conclusion This study found a marked prevalence of ocular trauma compared to previous studies. Male sex, older age, and living in rural areas were associated with ocular trauma, which could be due to differences in lifestyle preference, outdoor exposure, and dangerous situations. Educational programs and safety instructions should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wagh V, Tidake P. Clinical Study and Profile of Ocular Trauma: Findings From a Rural Hospital in Central India. Cureus 2022; 14:e26915. [PMID: 35983395 PMCID: PMC9377383 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kousiouris P, Gouliopoulos N, Kourtesa A, Dimtsas GS, Chatzistefanou K, Bouratzis N, Kantzanou M, Moschos MM. The Demographic and Social Characteristics of Patients with Ocular Foreign Bodies in a Greek Tertiary Hospital. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2323-2328. [PMID: 35915588 PMCID: PMC9338389 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s370188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kousiouris
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kourtesa
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios S Dimtsas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Klio Chatzistefanou
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouratzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kantzanou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: Marilita M Moschos, 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, 154 Leof. Mesogeion, Athens, 115 27, Greece, Tel +30 6944887319, Email
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5
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Moharana B, Gupta R, Sharma B. Commentary: Open globe injury: The Indian perspective. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:864-865. [PMID: 35225532 PMCID: PMC9114611 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2422_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruttendu Moharana
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rituka Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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6
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Kousiouris P, Klavdianou O, Douglas KAA, Gouliopoulos N, Chatzistefanou K, Kantzanou M, Dimtsas GS, Moschos MM. Role of Socioeconomic Status (SES) in Globe Injuries: A Review. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:25-31. [PMID: 35027817 PMCID: PMC8749045 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s317017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe injury is a serious worldwide public health issue frequently leading to permanent vision impairment. The plethora of different types of globe injuries is classified into categories, including open and closed globe injuries. Globe injury occurs mainly in the workplace and at home, affecting predominantly middle-aged working men. Socioeconomic status (SES) is defined by income level, educational attainment, and employment status. Low socioeconomic status has been associated with a higher incidence of globe injury and can be utilized to identify at-risk populations. For managing open and closed globe injuries, different strategies are applied and the implementation of adequate globe injury prevention measures is needed for reducing the occurrence of globe injury. The following article aims to provide an overview of globe injury characteristics and their correlation with socioeconomic status and to highlight the significance of considering SES as a variable in globe injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kousiouris
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Klavdianou
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Klio Chatzistefanou
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kantzanou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios S Dimtsas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Prajna ML, Saxena A, Balasubramanian A. Health-seeking behavior and the initial economic impact of patients with open globe injuries seeking treatment in a tertiary care center in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2367-2371. [PMID: 34427224 PMCID: PMC8544090 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3082_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the health-seeking behavior and the costs of primary treatment in the immediate aftermath of open globe trauma among patients seeking care at a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out from June to December 2019. Details of the patient’s demographic profile, health-seeking behavior immediately following the trauma and total cost incurred till the completion of primary treatment were collected. Results: Eighty-five patients were recruited. Majority of patients were men (53, 82.8%), came from rural areas (65, 76.4%) and were the main breadwinners (44, 68%) of their family. After the initial trauma, a vast majority of the patients (68, 80%) visited the nearest eye care provider to obtain treatment and a majority of them (47, 69.1%) reached there within 3 h. The remaining patients (17, 20%) came directly to our center, the base hospital (BH). The mean distance travelled to the BH was 113.6 km. The mean total cost incurred was INR 20107.6 ± 10441.3. Approximately 84.8% of the patients reported a monthly income less than this amount. Conclusion: The economic impact of receiving primary definitive care following open globe injuries is higher than the average monthly income of more than 2/3rd of the patients. To replicate the success stories like the cataract outreach programs, there is a need to implement an integrated program encompassing workplace safety, legal protection to primary eye care providers and providing economic support for definitive treatment for the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Lakshmi Prajna
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin Balasubramanian
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Barroso F, Ribeiro JC, Miranda EP. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Visual Side Effects: A Narrative Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:248-259. [PMID: 34055262 PMCID: PMC8126729 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil citrate and tadalafil are well known for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, their use in the presence of pulmonary hypertension can cause ophthalmologic side effects, including non-arteritic optic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, glaucoma, and optic atrophy. The present review aimed to identify these visual side effects and provide recommendations. We identified articles published from January 2000 to March 2019 on diseases arising from the management of sexual dysfunction in urology or pulmonary hypertension in pneumonia that could cause pathologic alterations in eye structure based on a literature search of the MEDLINE electronic database using keywords for the most common adverse effects and different kinds of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. After applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 36 of the 77 articles initially identified to write the narrative review and added 20 additional articles to completely describe the pathological entities. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors can cause side effects in the eye including ocular surface abnormalities, increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma, uveitis, non-arteritic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, retinal occlusion, and visual field changes. There is an increased need for well-performed studies to better understand these side effects, which are common due to the wide use of sildenafil.
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9
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Alqudah AA, Al Dwairi RA, Alqudah NM, Abumurad SK. COVID-19 Lockdown and Eye Injury: A Case Series from Jordan. Int Med Case Rep J 2020; 13:493-501. [PMID: 33116940 PMCID: PMC7553262 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s274284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus or COVID-19 is a viral illness that can cause severe respiratory symptoms. It spreads between people through direct, indirect (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or close contact with infected people via mouth and nose secretions. COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic that necessitated many countries to perform a national lockdown. In Jordan, a complete lockdown was imposed by the government on March 17th, 2020 and continued for more than two months. The lockdown included every single sector in the country. Hospitals were only dealing with outpatient emergency cases, urgent referrals from primary or secondary health institutions and with inpatients whose medical conditions required keeping them admitted. Elective clinics and surgeries were canceled. At the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), which is the only tertiary center in northern Jordan, we dealt with four cases of traumatic eye injury that resulted in a ruptured globe. The four cases were for eyes that had a history of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and were visually compromised in the involved eye compared to the other eye. The percentage of open globe injuries to the total number of emergency cases presented during the lockdown was significantly higher than the percentage of open globe injuries to the total number of emergency cases presented during the corresponding period in the previous year (p=0.0005). We believe the lockdown inside homes has resulted in higher risk of trauma and rupture globe in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem A Alqudah
- Ophthalmology Service, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rami A Al Dwairi
- Ophthalmology Service, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Noor M Alqudah
- Ophthalmology Service, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sumayyah K Abumurad
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Engelhard SB, Salek SS, Justin GA, Sim AJ, Woreta FA, Reddy AK. Malpractice Litigation in Ophthalmic Trauma. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1979-1986. [PMID: 32764863 PMCID: PMC7367728 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s260226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To report and analyze the causes and outcomes of malpractice litigation in ophthalmic trauma. Methods The Westlaw® database was reviewed for ophthalmology litigation in the United States between 1930 and 2014. All ophthalmic trauma cases were included and compared to non-traumatic ophthalmology malpractice cases. Results Forty-four ophthalmic trauma cases were included. Of these cases, 90.9% of ophthalmic trauma plaintiffs were male compared to 54.8% of plaintiffs in ophthalmology as a whole (P=<0.001); 34.1% of cases involved minor plaintiffs compared to 6.4% in ophthalmology as a whole (P=<0.001). Cases involving minors were more likely to be resolved in favor of the plaintiff than cases involving adult plaintiffs (53.3% vs 37.9%); however, this was not found to statistically significant (P=0.35). Overall, 54.5% of cases were resolved in favor of defendants; 40.9% of cases were resolved via jury trial with 50.0% resulting in payments to plaintiffs compared to the 29.6% rate of plaintiff verdicts in ophthalmology as a whole. Open globe injuries represented 61.4% of cases; 55.6% of these cases had intraocular foreign bodies and 37.0% developed endophthalmitis. Most cases (63.6%) alleged insufficient intervention. Of these cases, 31.8% of cases involved surgical or procedural claims, and 4.5% involved medical claims only. Conclusion Males and minors were overrepresented among plaintiffs in ocular trauma litigation. Most cases involved open globe injuries, often complicated by retained intraocular foreign bodies and endophthalmitis. Analysis of malpractice litigation in ophthalmic trauma calls attention to commonly litigated scenarios to improve clinical practice and to inform risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Engelhard
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherveen S Salek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Silverdale, WA, USA
| | - Grant A Justin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Austin J Sim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fasika A Woreta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashvini K Reddy
- Athena Eye Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Toh ZH, Agrawal S, Raje D, Hoskin A, Agrawal R, Khandelwal R. International globe and adnexal trauma epidemiology study (IGATES): a report from Central India on visual outcome in open globe injuries and correlation with ocular trauma score. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2797-2806. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Abu EK, Ocansey S, Gyamfi JA, Ntodie M, Morny EKA. Epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in a low resource country. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:779-788. [PMID: 33163044 PMCID: PMC7609090 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular injury is a major cause of ocular morbidity and unilateral visual impairment and represents a considerable public health concern especially in low resource societies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in southern Ghana. METHODS A retrospective hospital-based case series was conducted. Information on new cases of ocular injuries were retrieved and parameters including time between injury occurrence and reporting to the clinic, presenting visual acuity (VA), and the best corrected final VA were investigated and visual outcomes were assessed Results: Most (50.2%) of the patients reported to the hospital after a day of sustaining an ocular injury; workplace injuries, older patients and farm-related injuries were most likely to report after a day of sustaining an injury. A significant proportion (40.4%) of patients reported with good presenting vision (6/6-6/18) which increased to 56.7% after treatment; 45.3% of patients reported with visual impairment (<6/18) and reduced to 42.4% after treatment. Farming (AOR = 4.5, p = 0.02), reporting after a day of sustaining injury (AOR = 78, p< 0.001), workplace injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.007) and roadside injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.02) were associated with poor visual outcomes. Initial VA 6/18 or better was the highest predictor of good visual outcome. CONCLUSION There is a shift in the pattern of ocular injury occurrence from work-related to home- related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Abu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Corresponding author: Emmanuel K Abu, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana. Tel. +233244990030
| | - Stephen Ocansey
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jennifer A Gyamfi
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntodie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Optometry and Vision Science Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Enyam KA Morny
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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13
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Swain T, McGwin G. The Prevalence of Eye Injury in the United States, Estimates from a Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019; 27:186-193. [DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2019.1704794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Swain
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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14
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Okamoto Y, Morikawa S, Okamoto F, Inomoto N, Ishikawa H, Ueda T, Sakamoto T, Sugitani K, Oshika T. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of open globe injuries in Japan. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 63:109-118. [PMID: 30406930 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of open globe injuries (OGIs) in Japan over 10 years, and examine preoperative factors influencing the visual prognosis after surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, observational, multicenter case-series study. METHODS Patients' data were entered into a computerized database for review and statistical analyses. The following parameters were assessed; age, gender, initial and final visual acuity, duration between onset and surgery, presence of lens in the eye, characteristics of injury, presence of ocular complications, and number of surgeries. RESULTS The records of 374 eyes with OGI were enrolled. The average age of the patients was 56.8 ± 22.1 years, and the majority of patients were men (73.5%). Compared to the overall cohort, work-related OGI was the most common, associated with significantly better final visual acuity, whereas patients with fall-down OGI showed significantly worse final visual acuity (P < 0.05). Among the types of injury, both the initial and final visual acuity were significantly worse in the rupture group than in the laceration group. Multiple liner regression analyses revealed that the final visual acuity was significantly associated with initial visual acuity, type of injury (rupture), retinal detachment, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. CONCLUSION To predict the visual outcome in patients with OGI, ophthalmologists need to pay attention not only to the initial visual acuity but also to initial ocular conditions, such as the presence of ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Okamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan. .,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shohei Morikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiki Okamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Inomoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sugitani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Japan-Clinical Research of Study (J-CREST) Group, Tokyo, Japan
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Chatterjee S, Agrawal D. Primary prevention of ocular injury in agricultural workers with safety eyewear. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:859-864. [PMID: 28905831 PMCID: PMC5621270 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_334_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of preventing eye injury with the use of safety eyewear in agriculture workers. Methods: A sample group of 575 agricultural workers (Group A) engaged in harvesting paddy were provided with goggles with side covers. Following harvesting, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out to determine the frequency of their eye injuries. Workers with goggles were asked about the duration for which they used the goggles and also list barriers or difficulties with the same. The frequency of eye injuries in this group was compared with another group of agriculture workers (Group B) who did not use any safety eyewear. Results: The frequency of eye injuries in Group A was 4 (0.7%) and Group B was 61 (11.3%) which was highly significant (P = 0.0001). The relative risk calculated was 0.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.2). Agricultural workers in Group A had 94% less risk of ocular trauma compared to those in Group B. Injuries in both groups were caused by parts of the paddy plant. A significant number (76.2%) of workers used the goggles all or most of the time during work. Impaired vision when wearing goggles was the most frequent barrier reported by the workers. Other barriers were discomfort, shyness, forgetfulness, apathy, slowing of work pace, awkward appearance, and breakages. Conclusion: Safety eyewear conferred significant protection against work-related eye injuries in agriculture. Although safety eyewear was widely adopted by the workers, barriers reported by them will need to be addressed to make such programs more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chatterjee
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deepshikha Agrawal
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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16
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Austin A, Lietman T, Rose-Nussbaumer J. Update on the Management of Infectious Keratitis. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:1678-1689. [PMID: 28942073 PMCID: PMC5710829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious keratitis is a major global cause of visual impairment and blindness, often affecting marginalized populations. Proper diagnosis of the causative organism is critical, and although culture remains the prevailing diagnostic tool, newer techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy are helpful for diagnosing fungus and Acanthamoeba. Next-generation sequencing holds the potential for early and accurate diagnosis even for organisms that are difficult to culture by conventional methods. Topical antibiotics remain the best treatment for bacterial keratitis, and a recent review found all commonly prescribed topical antibiotics to be equally effective. However, outcomes remain poor secondary to corneal melting, scarring, and perforation. Adjuvant therapies aimed at reducing the immune response associated with keratitis include topical corticosteroids. The large, randomized, controlled Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial found that although steroids provided no significant improvement overall, they did seem beneficial for ulcers that were central, deep or large, non-Nocardia, or classically invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa; for patients with low baseline vision; and when started early after the initiation of antibiotics. Fungal ulcers often have worse clinical outcomes than bacterial ulcers, with no new treatments since the 1960s when topical natamycin was introduced. The randomized controlled Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) I showed a benefit of topical natamycin over topical voriconazole for fungal ulcers, particularly among those caused by Fusarium. MUTT II showed that oral voriconazole did not improve outcomes overall, although there may have been some effect among Fusarium ulcers. Given an increase in nonserious adverse events, the authors concluded that they could not recommend oral voriconazole. Viral keratitis differs from bacterial and fungal cases in that it is often recurrent and is common in developed countries. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) I showed a significant benefit of topical corticosteroids and oral acyclovir for stromal keratitis. HEDS II showed that oral acyclovir decreased the recurrence of any type of herpes simplex virus keratitis by approximately half. Future strategies to reduce the morbidity associated with infectious keratitis are likely to be multidimensional, with adjuvant therapies aimed at modifying the immune response to infection holding the greatest potential to improve clinical outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis
- Corneal Ulcer/drug therapy
- Corneal Ulcer/microbiology
- Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy
- Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
- Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis
- Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy
- Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology
- Female
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Keratitis, Herpetic/diagnosis
- Keratitis, Herpetic/drug therapy
- Keratitis, Herpetic/virology
- Male
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Visual Acuity/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Austin
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tom Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Rose-Nussbaumer
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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17
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Ji YR, Zhu DQ, Zhou HF, Fan XQ. Epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of open globe injury in Shanghai. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1295-1300. [PMID: 28861358 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.08.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of open globe injury in Shanghai. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted for 148 unilateral open globe injury cases presenting to a tertiary referral hospital of Shanghai. Electronic medical records were reviewed and phone surveys were conducted to collect and analyze 1) background of patient; 2) setting of injury and clinical signs at presentation; 3) treatment procedure and outcome; 4) quality of life after injury. RESULTS There were more male patients (77.03%) than females (22.97%), more temporary habitants (79.05%) than residents (20.95%). The subjects in this study presented a significantly lower constitutional status of education than that of the whole Shanghai population (P<0.001). Occupational injury was the first cause of injuries (39.86%), followed by home accident (20.27%), road accident (16.89%), violent behavior (16.89%) and outdoor injury (6.08%). The 143 subjects (96.62%) were not wearing spectacles at the time of injury. Of all patients, 77 subjects (52.03%) had the outcome of no vision (including enucleation). The classification and regression tree (CART) prognosis presents 59.58% sensitivity to predict visual survival correctly and 80.19% specificity to predict no vision correctly. The patients whose injured eye had no vision reported more reduction of life quality. CONCLUSION We found that male subject, temporary habitants, low educational status and no eyewear are risk factors of open globe injury in Shanghai. Occupational injury is the leading cause. CART analysis presents a certain agreement to the actual visual outcome. The injury imposes negative impact on quality of life especially in no vision cases. The education of eye protection may help to avoid the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dong-Qing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xian-Qun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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18
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Mishra GS, Bhatt SH. Eye Inside Out: Endonasal Endoscopic Reposition of Eye from Nose with Complete Vision Regainment. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2016; 10:84-88. [PMID: 28210414 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Faciomaxillary and ocular trauma is a common entity in most emergency and trauma units. We came across a 68-year-old female patient with a history of bull horn injury over the right eye. Examination revealed an empty orbital socket with unreliable perception of light present. Imaging showed that the eye had displaced posteroinferomedially to be lying in the ethmoid air cells in the nasal cavity. Under nasal endoscopic guidance, the eye was reposited back into the orbital socket and conjunctival sutures were taken to stabilize the position. The patient had vision of counting fingers at 1.5 m on the first postoperative day which improved to 6/24 on last follow-up. Such is the rarity that never before has such a case been described in literature where traumatic displacement of eyeball into the nose has been successfully repositioned by an endonasal endoscope with appreciable regaining of vision. It also further promotes endonasal endoscopic approach in the management of orbital blow out injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pramukh Swami Medical College and Shri Krishna Hospital, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushen Harish Bhatt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pramukh Swami Medical College and Shri Krishna Hospital, Anand, Gujarat, India
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19
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Emamian MH, Shariati M, Mohazzab-Torabi S, Fotouhi A. Past History of Ocular Trauma in an Iranian Population-Based Study: Prevalence and its Associated Factors. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22:377-82. [PMID: 26180480 PMCID: PMC4502185 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.159766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a history of ocular trauma and its association to age, sex, and biometric components. Materials and Methods: Residents of Shahroud, Iran aged 40–64 years, were sampled through a cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. Three hundred clusters were randomly selected, and 20 individuals were systematically selected from each cluster. The subjects underwent optometric and ophthalmic examinations, and ocular imaging. A history of ocular trauma was determined through personal interviews. Results: The prevalence of a history of trauma and blunt trauma, sharp trauma, and chemical burns were 8.57%, 3.91%, 3.82%, and 1.93%, respectively. After adjusting for age, the rate of all types of trauma was significantly higher for males. Only the prevalence of chemical burns significantly decreased with aging. A history of hospitalization was stated by 1.64% of the subjects. The axial length was significantly longer in cases with a history of trauma. The corneal curvature was significantly larger in cases with a history of sharp trauma and chemical burns. The prevalence of corneal opacities was significantly higher among cases with a history of the blunt trauma odds ratio (OR = 2.33) and sharp trauma (OR = 4.46). Based on corrected visual acuity, the odds of blindness was 3.32 times higher in those with a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the 40–64-year-old population reported a history of ocular trauma. This observation has important health implications. Blindness, corneal opacities, and posterior subcapsular cataract were observed more frequently among these cases, and they demonstrated differences in some ocular biometric components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Philomenadin FS, Asokan R, N V, George R, Lingam V, Sarangapani S. Genetic association of SNPs near ATOH7, CARD10, CDKN2B, CDC7 and SIX1/SIX6 with the endophenotypes of primary open angle glaucoma in Indian population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119703. [PMID: 25798827 PMCID: PMC4370747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) belonging to a group of optic neuropathies, result from interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Study of associations with quantitative traits (QTs) is one of the successful strategies to understand the complex genetics of POAG. The current study attempts to explore the association of variations near/in genes like ATOH7, SIX1/SIX6 complex, CDKN2B, CARD10, and CDC7 with POAG and its QTs including vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR), central corneal thickness (CCT), intra ocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL). Case-control study design was carried out in a sample size of 97 POAG cases and 371 controls from South India. Model-based (additive, recessive, dominant) association of the genotypes and their interaction was carried out between cases and controls using chi-square, linear and logistic regression methods. Nominal significance (P<0.05) was observed for QTs like i) VCDR with SNPs rs1900004 (ATOH7); rs1192415 (CDC7); rs10483727 (SIX1/SIX6), rs9607469 (CARD10); ii) CCT with rs1192415; iii) IOP with rs1900004 and iv) AL with rs1900004 and rs1063192 (CDKN2B). We were able to replicate previously known interactions between ATOH7-SIX6 and SIX6-CDKN2B along with few novel interactions between ATOH7—CDC7 and SIX6 with genes including CARD10 and CDC7. In summary, our results suggest that a probable interaction among the candidate genes for QTs, play a major role in determining the individual’s susceptibility to POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinamarie Sharmila Philomenadin
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, Vision Research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- PhD Scholar, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan N
- Biostatistician, Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Medical research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Vijaya Lingam
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sripriya Sarangapani
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, Vision Research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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21
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Balaghafari A, Siamian H, Aligolbandi K. Ocular trauma: 2 years retrospective study in sari, iran. Mater Sociomed 2014; 25:230-2. [PMID: 24511263 PMCID: PMC3914749 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2013.25.230-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ocular trauma is one of the very important causes of blindness and disability in developing countries; despite the fact that it is preventable in the majority of cases. Considering the importance of the topic and the fact that most of such injuries are preventable, a better understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of the injuries has a vital importance in planning for reduction of their prevalence. The current study has aimed to identify the prevalence and epidemiology of the ocular trauma at the University Hospital Boo-Ali-Sina in the city of Sari (Northern Iran) between 2009-2010. Method: This is a retrospective study of 178 patients’ case notes who were admitted through the ophthalmology service to the above center. A proforma was designed and For the purpose of classification, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was used. Results: During the study period, 178 patients with eye trauma were admitted to the hospital of these, 135 (75.8%) male and 43 (24.2%) were female. 35 (19.7%) aged 25-34 and 98 (55.1%) cases lived in villages. The injuries were most common during winter (55/30.9% of cases). The most common diagnosis was open wound of eyelid (ICD-10 code: S01.1) (40/ 22.5% of cases) and in the majority of cases it was unilateral (left eye) (96/53.9%). The mode of the trauma was contact with blunt object in 22 (12.4%) cases (ICD-10 code: Y29). Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of ocular trauma, appropriate education and the use of safety equipment are important measures to prevent the injuries. Our data shows that the prevalence of the injuries amongst the young workers is high and this necessitates the age group to be the target for such education. The education should include the vulnerable population at both extremes of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Balaghafari
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Hasan Siamian
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Kobra Aligolbandi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
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22
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Gupta N, Tandon R, Gupta SK, Sreenivas V, Vashist P. Burden of corneal blindness in India. Indian J Community Med 2013; 38:198-206. [PMID: 24302819 PMCID: PMC3831688 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Gupta
- Department of Community Ophthalmology, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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23
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El-Mekawey HE, Abu El Einen KG, Abdelmaboud M, Khafagy A, Eltahawy EM. Epidemiology of ocular emergencies in the Egyptian population: a five-year retrospective study. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:955-60. [PMID: 21792285 PMCID: PMC3141859 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of ocular lesions seen in the ophthalmic casualty room of the largest referral hospital in Egypt over 5 years from 2004 to 2008. Methods This epidemiologic database study used the medical records at Cairo University Hospital. Data were recorded using the ICD10 classification. Statistical analysis was based on diagnosis, age, gender, residential area, and year of admission. Results Over 5 years, 8361 ocular emergencies were admitted as inpatients. Open globe injuries were the most prevalent, comprising 33.46% of emergencies. Most cases were males (69%), in whom the most frequent lesions were open globe injuries, infective keratitis, and lid injuries. The most common ocular emergencies in females were open globe injuries, infective keratitis, endophthalmitis, and glaucoma. The age group 6–16 years accounted for 24% of emergencies, and patients over 45 years accounted for 26.8%. Under the age of 45 years, the most common lesions were open globe injuries (36%), and over this age, the most common lesions were infective keratitis (34.4%). Patients from Upper Egypt accounted for 56.2% of emergencies. A superficial corneal foreign body was the most common reason for attending the ophthalmic casualty room, with 24,844 cases seen over the 5 years of the study, all of which were managed as outpatient procedures. Deep corneal foreign bodies were more common than intraocular foreign bodies. The most common ocular hemorrhage was hyphema. The most common type of glaucoma was acute angle closure. Conclusion Superficial corneal foreign bodies, open globe injuries, and infective keratitis are the main ocular emergencies seen in the Egyptian population. Corneal foreign bodies are mostly the result of occupational accidents in workers not wearing protective goggles. Violent altercations (41.9%), occupational accidents (26.3%), and motor vehicle accidents (24.4%) were the main circumstances involved in open globe injuries. The most common admissions were for open globe injuries under the age of 45 years and infective keratitis above this age. Upper Egypt was the main referring geographic area.
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24
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Han SB, Yang HK, Woo SJ, Hyon JY, Hwang JM. Association of alcohol consumption with the risk of ocular trauma. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:675-8. [PMID: 21532860 PMCID: PMC3082121 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.5.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on the risk of ocular trauma. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,024 patients who visited emergency department and received ophthalmologic examination from January 1 to December 31, 2009. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with ocular trauma (n = 494) and those without (n = 530); the influence of alcohol consumption was compared between these 2 groups. In the ocular trauma group, the association of the causes and types of ocular trauma with alcohol consumption was evaluated. One of 530 patients of no trauma group and 117 (23.7%) of 494 patients of trauma group were related with alcohol intake, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Concerning the causes, physical assault was significantly more common in alcohol-associated injury (P < 0.001). Regarding the types of injury, orbital wall fracture and hyphema showed a significant association with alcohol consumption (P < 0.001). Older age and nighttime injury were significantly related to the increased risk of alcohol-associated ocular trauma (P = 0.018 and < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of ocular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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25
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Chattopadhyay SS, Mukhopadhyay U, Saurabh K. An unusual case of penetrating ocular trauma with a pressure cooker. Oman J Ophthalmol 2011; 3:89-90. [PMID: 21217903 PMCID: PMC3003858 DOI: 10.4103/0974-620x.64234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular trauma is a major cause of vision loss. The circumstances and agents implicated in such injuries are diverse. We present an unusual case of penetrating ocular trauma with the nozzle of a pressure cooker lid in a 32-year-old housewife causing deep laceration of the upper eye lid and sclera. The impacted metallic nozzle was removed on an emergency basis. Autoevisceration of ocular contents due the high velocity impact resulted in the final decision to surgically complete the evisceration and implant a glass ball implant. This case highlights the propensity of grievous ocular trauma in a domestic environment.
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26
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Wu M, Ye J. Hospitalized eye injury in a Chinese urban population: a 7-year retrospective analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2010; 3:179-81. [PMID: 22553548 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.02.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To present the epidemiology, cause of injury, ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out. RESULTS A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types. The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal (29.4%), explosive (14.6%) and stone (13.9%). And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor; half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1. CONCLUSION Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years, but the visual outcomes are poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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27
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Vats S, Murthy GVS, Chandra M, Gupta SK, Vashist P, Gogoi M. Epidemiological study of ocular trauma in an urban slum population in Delhi, India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008; 56:313-6. [PMID: 18579991 PMCID: PMC2636163 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.41413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To study the epidemiology and clinical profile of victims of ocular trauma in an urban slum
population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted on 500 families each in three randomly selected
urban slums in Delhi, collected demographic data for all members of these families, and clinical data for all those
who suffered ocular trauma at any time, that required medical attention. Data was managed on SPSS 11.0. Results: Of 6704 participants interviewed, 163 episodes of ocular trauma were reported by 158 participants
(prevalence = 2.4%, confidence interval = 2.0 to 2.7) Mean age at trauma was 24.2 years. The association
between the age of participants and the history of ocular trauma was significant (P < 0.001), when adjusted
for sex, education and occupation. Males were significantly more affected. Blunt trauma was the commonest mode of injury (41.7%).
Blindness resulted in 11.4% of injured eyes ( P = 0.028). Of 6704 participants, 1567 (23.4%) were
illiterate, and no association was seen between education status and trauma, when adjusted for sex and age at injury. A significant
association was noted between ocular trauma and workplace (Chi-square = 43.80, P < 0.001), and between blindness
and place (Chi-square = 9.98, P = 0.041) and source (Chi-square = 10.88, P = 0.028) of ocular
trauma. No association was found between visual outcome and the time interval between trauma and first consultation (Chi-square = 0.50,
P = 0.78), between receiving treatment and the best corrected visual acuity (Chi-square = 0.81, P
= 0.81), and between the person consulted and blinding ocular trauma (Chi-square = 1.88, P = 0.170). Conclusion: A significant burden of ocular trauma in the community requires that its prevention and early management
be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vats
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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28
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Shah M, Shah S, Khandekar R. Ocular injuries and visual status before and after their management in the tribal areas of Western India: a historical cohort study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 246:191-7. [PMID: 18004587 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-007-0698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors present the epidemiology of ocular trauma and visual status before and after their management from 2003 to 2005 at a hospital in a tribal area of India. METHODS This was a historical cohort study. Persons exposed to open and closed globe types of injuries were reviewed. Ophthalmologists examined patients with the help of bio-microscope and also noted their visual acuity. Ocular Injuries were classified according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS). Epidemiological profile, causes of injury, ocular status and visual gain after management were noted. Percentage scattergrams were plotted for both groups of injuries to evaluate visual gains. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of visual outcomes following ocular trauma management. RESULTS Of the 2,607 persons with ocular trauma, 'open globe' and 'closed globe' types of injuries were found in 451 and 2,156 persons respectively. Within 24 hours of injury, only 1,355 patients (52%) had consulted ophthalmologists. Improvement in vision following management was noted in 133 persons (29.4%) with 'open globe' injuries and 217 persons (48.1%) with 'closed globe' injuries. In 845 patients (39.5%), vision could be retained at same level after management. CONCLUSIONS Agents and activities responsible for ocular injuries in our study differed from those reported in the industrialized countries. Late presentation was very common in our tribal area. Management improved the vision in eyes with trauma, but eyes with 'closed globe' type of ocular injuries had better results than 'open globe' type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Shah
- Drishti Netralaya, Dahod, Gujarat, India
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Srinivasan M, Zegans ME, Zelefsky JR, Kundu A, Lietman T, Whitcher JP, Cunningham ET. Clinical characteristics of Mooren's ulcer in South India. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:570-5. [PMID: 17035269 PMCID: PMC1954782 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the clinical characteristics at presentation of a large cohort of patients with Mooren's ulcer in South India. METHODS The medical records of patients with Mooren's ulcer examined in the cornea clinic at Aravind Eye Hospital Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, over a 10-year period were reviewed in this retrospective observational case series. RESULTS The cohort contained 242 eyes of 166 patients. All patients were from South India, and men outnumbered women by a ratio of 4.7:1. The median and mean ages at presentation were 65 and 61 years, respectively, with a range of 13-95 years. One eye was affected in 90 of 166 (54%) patients. Visual acuity in the affected eye at presentation ranged from 6/6 to light perception, and was 6/12 or better in 34 of 242 (14%) eyes, between 6/12 and 3/60 in 168 (69%) eyes, and worse than 3/60 in 40 (17%) eyes. Partial peripheral corneal ulceration was observed in 222 (92%) eyes, complete peripheral corneal ulceration was observed in 15 (6%) eyes and total corneal ulceration was observed in 5 (2%) eyes. For those 222 eyes with partial peripheral ulceration, 152 (68%) showed temporal involvement, 129 (58%) showed nasal involvement, 116 (52%) showed inferior involvement and 30 (14%) showed superior involvement. Perforation was observed in 26 (11%) eyes, and was more common in eyes with peripheral as compared with total ulceration (p<0.001). Identified risk factors in the cohort included evidence of prior corneal surgery (22%), corneal trauma (17%) and corneal infection (2%). CONCLUSIONS Mooren's ulcer is a rare and potentially blinding eye condition observed not infrequently in the cornea clinic at Aravind Eye Hospital. Men are affected more often than women and may present with either unilateral or bilateral disease. Perforation is observed in approximately 1 in 10 affected eyes at presentation and occurs most often in the setting of peripheral ulceration. The occurrence of prior corneal surgery, trauma or infection in nearly one third of patients supports theories of exposure to corneal antigen in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Srinivasan
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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