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Teixeira BM, Figueiredo I, Raimundo M, Quental H, Carvalho AL, Silva R, Murta J, Marques JP. Expanding the mutational and phenotypical spectrum of FHONDA syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241284072. [PMID: 39275842 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241284072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation, and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA) is a rare recessively inherited syndrome first described in 2013. FHONDA is associated with biallelic disease-causing variants in the SLC38A8 gene, which has a strong expression in the photoreceptor layer. To date, 60 different disease-causing variants in the SLC38A8 gene have been described. In this cross-sectional case series, we included three unrelated female patients with FHONDA syndrome who presented with congenital nystagmus and decreased visual acuity from infancy. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 OD and 20/60 OS for Patient 1 (P1) (72 years old); light perception OD and hand motion OS for Patient 2 (P2) (66 years old); and 20/100 OD and 20/100 OS for Patient 3 (P3) (25 years old). While normal retinal pigmentation was seen on P1 and P3, P2 presented retinal features of retinitis pigmentosa, including a pale optic nerve head, vessel thinning, and 360° dense bone spicule hyperpigmentation OU. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed grade 4 foveal hypoplasia in all patients. In P1 and P2, the novel class IV c.388 + 1G > T p.? variant in SLC38A8 was present in homozygosity; while P3 harboured the novel c.214G > C p.(Gly72Arg) variant in homozygosity, classified as class III. Thus, we expand the mutational spectrum of FHONDA by reporting two novel variants. In addition, we describe features of retinitis pigmentosa for the first time in a patient with biallelic homozygous SLC38A8 variants, thus broadening our understanding of the clinical phenotype associated with this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Figueiredo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Raimundo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Quental
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Medical Genetics Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Ophthalmology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Murta
- Ophthalmology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marques
- Ophthalmology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Zuo Z, Cheng X, Ferdous S, Shao J, Li J, Bao Y, Li J, Lu J, Jacobo Lopez A, Wohlschlegel J, Prieve A, Thomas MG, Reh TA, Li Y, Moshiri A, Chen R. Single cell dual-omic atlas of the human developing retina. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6792. [PMID: 39117640 PMCID: PMC11310509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of the retina is under tight temporal and spatial control. To gain insights into the molecular basis of this process, we generate a single-nuclei dual-omic atlas of the human developing retina with approximately 220,000 nuclei from 14 human embryos and fetuses aged between 8 and 23-weeks post-conception with matched macular and peripheral tissues. This atlas captures all major cell classes in the retina, along with a large proportion of progenitors and cell-type-specific precursors. Cell trajectory analysis reveals a transition from continuous progression in early progenitors to a hierarchical development during the later stages of cell type specification. Both known and unrecorded candidate transcription factors, along with gene regulatory networks that drive the transitions of various cell fates, are identified. Comparisons between the macular and peripheral retinae indicate a largely consistent yet distinct developmental pattern. This atlas offers unparalleled resolution into the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility landscapes during development, providing an invaluable resource for deeper insights into retinal development and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zuo
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuesen Cheng
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salma Ferdous
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianming Shao
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Li
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yourong Bao
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean Li
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiaxiong Lu
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Jacobo Lopez
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y St, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Juliette Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aric Prieve
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas A Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y St, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- HGSC, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, USA.
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3
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Chotard V, Trapani F, Glaziou G, Sermet BS, Yger P, Marre O, Rebsam A. Altered Functional Responses of the Retina in B6 Albino Tyrc/c Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:39. [PMID: 39189994 PMCID: PMC11361382 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mammals with albinism present low visual discrimination ability and different proportions of certain retinal cell subtypes. As the spatial resolution of the retina depends on the visual field sampling by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) based on the convergence of upstream cell inputs, it could be affected in albinism and thus modify the RGC function. Methods We used the Tyrc/c line, a mouse model of oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1), carrying a tyrosinase mutation, and previously characterized by a total absence of pigment and severe visual deficits. To assess their retinal function, we recorded the light responses of hundreds of RGCs ex vivo using multi-electrode array (MEA). We estimated the receptive field (RF)-center diameter of Tyr+/c and Tyrc/c RGCs using a checkerboard stimulation before simultaneously stimulating the center and surround of RGC RFs with full-field flashes. Results Following checkerboard stimulation, the RF-center diameters of RGCs were indistinguishable between Tyrc/c and Tyr+/c retinas. Nevertheless, RGCs from Tyrc/c retinas presented more OFF responses to full-field flashes than RGCs from Tyr+/c retinas. Unlike Tyr+/c retinas, very few OFF-center RGCs switched polarity to ON or ON-OFF responses after full-field flashes in Tyrc/c retinas, suggesting a different surround suppression in these retinas. Conclusions The retinal output signal is affected in Tyrc/c retinas, despite intact RF-center diameters of their RGCs. Adaptive mechanisms during development are probably responsible for this change in RGC responses, related to the absence of ocular pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Chotard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Trapani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Glaziou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Yger
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Marre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rebsam
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Lejoyeux R, Liberto J, Bonnin S, Le Mer Y, Bruneau S, Tadayoni R. Prevalence and significance of fovea plana in patients with epiretinal membrane. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241265994. [PMID: 39056141 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241265994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fovea plana is indicative of an immature inner retina, yet its association with epimacular membrane (ERM) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of fovea plana in the contralateral eye of patients diagnosed with ERM. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients in a monocentric tertiary ophthalmic department between January and April 2021. The study included all patients referred for ERM, with dense optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans utilized to assess the incidence of fovea plana in the contralateral eye. Patients with bilateral ERM were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS Out of 181 patients, 26 exhibited fovea plana in the contralateral eye, resulting in an incidence rate of 14.3%. Demographic characteristics, OCT patterns, and indications for surgery did not differ significantly between patients with and without fovea plana. DISCUSSION The prevalence of fovea plana in patients with ERM did not exhibit a statistically significant increase compared to the reported incidence in patients undergoing preoperative cataract surgery. CONCLUSION In our cohort, the incidence of fovea plana in patients with ERM was determined to be 14.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lejoyeux
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J Liberto
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Bonnin
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Y Le Mer
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Bruneau
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - R Tadayoni
- Retina departement, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
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Gomez Z, Cameron DJ, Eng C. Assessment of visual acuity in Python regius using optokinetic response. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 39013796 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Snakes are known for their unique abilities including infrared reception and their heavy reliance on heat sensors and vibrations. Infrared reception of snakes has gone under immense investigation; however, there have been very few studies that elaborate on their capacity to see. The goal of this study is to determine visual acuity of ball pythons (Python regius) by observing their optokinetic response (OKR). The OKR is a series of rapid saccadic and smooth pursuit movements of the eyes. It has been used for decades to determine visual acuity in multiple species such as humans, rats, and other nonmammalian species such as zebrafish and box turtles. Past studies have discovered that birds, reptiles, and amphibians achieve gaze stabilization by head and body movements, whereas in mammals and fish, gaze stabilization is conducted by eye movements. In this study, ball pythons were placed in a clear tube in a dark room, and a spinning black and white grating was projected in front of them. The size, direction, and velocity of the grating was manipulated which allowed their visual acuity to be determined. Our hypothesis is that P. regius would have a poor OKR response with low visual acuity due to their heavy reliance on other senses. Results show that P. regius does respond to visual stimuli, shows ocular saccadic movement in the direction of their stimuli, and has a relatively poor visual acuity when compared to other previously studied reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Gomez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - D Joshua Cameron
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Curtis Eng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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Bacci GM, Marziali E, Bargiacchi S, Paques M, Virgili G, Fortunato P, Durand M, Rocca C, Pagliazzi A, Palazzo V, Tiberi L, Vergani D, Landini S, Peron A, Artuso R, Pacini B, Stabile M, Sodi A, Caputo R. Multimodal phenotyping of foveal hypoplasia in albinism and albino-like conditions: a pediatric case series with adaptive optics insights. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15454. [PMID: 38965328 PMCID: PMC11224352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between genetic and phenotypic data in a series of patients affected by grade I and II of foveal hypoplasia with stable fixation and good visual acuity using multimodal imaging techniques. All patients underwent complete clinical and instrumental assessment including structural Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography and Adaptive Optics (AO) imaging. Central macular thickness (CMT), inner nuclear layer (INL), vessel density in superficial capillary plexus were the main variables evaluated with OCT technology. Cone density, cone spacing, cone regularity, cone dispersion and angular density were the parameters evaluated with AO. Genetic evaluation and trio exome sequencing were performed in all affected individuals. Eight patients (3 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 12.62 years (range 8-18) were enrolled. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.18 ± 0.13 logMAR, mean CMT was 291.9 ± 16.6 µm and INL was 26.2 ± 4.6 µm. The absence of a foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was documented by examination of OCT-A in seven patients in the superficial capillary plexus. However, there was a partial FAZ in the deep plexus in patients P5 and P8. Of note, all the patients presented with major retinal vessels clearly crossing the foveal center. All individuals exhibited a grade I or II of foveal hypoplasia. In 5 patients molecular analyses showed an extremely mild form of albinism caused by compound heterozygosity of a TYR pathogenic variant and the hypomorphic p.[Ser192Tyr;Arg402Gln] haplotype. One patient had Waardenburg syndrome type 2A caused by a de novo variant in MITF. Two patients had inconclusive molecular analyses. All the patients displayed abnormalities on OCT-A. Photoreceptor count did not differ from normal subjects according to the current literature, but qualitative analysis of AO imaging showed distinctive features likely related to an abnormal pigment distribution in this subset of individuals. In patients with foveal hypoplasia, genetic and multimodal imaging data, including AO findings, can help understand the physiopathology of the foveal hypoplasia phenotype. This study confirms that cone density and visual function can both be preserved despite the absence of a pit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo M Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Elisa Marziali
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Bargiacchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Michel Paques
- Clinical Investigation Center Vision 1423, INSERM-DGOS, Sorbonne Université, Quinze-Vingts Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Pina Fortunato
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelica Pagliazzi
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Tiberi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Vergani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuela Landini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosangela Artuso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Bianca Pacini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Stabile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
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Choi J, Joisher HNV, Gill HK, Lin L, Cepko C. Characterization of the development of the high-acuity area of the chick retina. Dev Biol 2024; 511:39-52. [PMID: 38548147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The fovea is a small region within the central retina that is responsible for our high acuity daylight vision. Chickens also have a high acuity area (HAA), and are one of the few species that enables studies of the mechanisms of HAA development, due to accessible embryonic tissue and methods to readily perturb gene expression. To enable such studies, we characterized the development of the chick HAA using single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH), along with more classical methods. We found that Fgf8 provides a molecular marker for the HAA throughout development and into adult stages, allowing studies of the cellular composition of this area over time. The radial dimension of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was seen to be the greatest at the HAA throughout development, beginning during the period of neurogenesis, suggesting that genesis, rather than cell death, creates a higher level of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in this area. In contrast, the HAA acquired its characteristic high density of cone photoreceptors post-hatching, which is well after the period of neurogenesis. We also confirmed that rod photoreceptors are not present in the HAA. Analyses of cell death in the developing photoreceptor layer, where rods would reside, did not show apoptotic cells, suggesting that lack of genesis, rather than death, created the "rod-free zone" (RFZ). Quantification of each cone photoreceptor subtype showed an ordered mosaic of most cone subtypes. The changes in cellular densities and cell subtypes between the developing and mature HAA provide some answers to the overarching strategy used by the retina to create this area and provide a framework for future studies of the mechanisms underlying its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Choi
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
| | - Heer N V Joisher
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
| | | | - Lucas Lin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
| | - Constance Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.
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Bjeloš M, Ćurić A, Bušić M, Rak B, Kuzmanović Elabjer B. Genetic Linkage between CAPN5 and TYR Variants in the Context of Albinism and Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy Absence: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6442. [PMID: 38928147 PMCID: PMC11204092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a case involving a patient whose clinical phenotype aligns with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), yet exhibits a complex genotype primarily characterized by variants of unknown significance (VUS). An 11-year-old boy manifested iris hypopigmentation and translucency, pronounced photophobia, diminished visual acuity and stereopsis, nystagmus, reduced pigmentation of the retina, and foveal hypoplasia. Genetic testing was performed. A heterozygous missense VUS CAPN5 c.230A>G, p.(Gln77Arg), a heterozygous missense VUS TYR c.1307G>C, p.(Gly436Ala), and a heterozygous missense variant TYR c.1205G>A, p.(Arg402Gln) which was classified as a risk factor, were identified. We hypothesized that the TYR c.1307G>C, p.(Gly436Ala) variant is in genetic disequilibrium with the TYR c.1205G>A, p.(Arg402Gln) variant leading to deficient expression of melanogenic enzymes in retinal cells, resulting in the manifestation of mild OCA. Additionally, this study represents the case where we did not detect chiasmal misrouting in visual evoked potentials, nor did we observe a shift in the distribution of ganglion cell thickness from a temporal to a central position. Moreover, our patient's case supports the probable benign nature of the CAPN5 c.230A>G, p.(Gln77Arg) variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Bjeloš
- University Eye Department, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (A.Ć.); (B.R.); (B.K.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Ćurić
- University Eye Department, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (A.Ć.); (B.R.); (B.K.E.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Bušić
- University Eye Department, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (A.Ć.); (B.R.); (B.K.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Benedict Rak
- University Eye Department, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (A.Ć.); (B.R.); (B.K.E.)
| | - Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer
- University Eye Department, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (A.Ć.); (B.R.); (B.K.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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9
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Chen C, Guo S, Huang Z, Fu T, Jiang L, Chen FK. Foveal hypoplasia in a Chinese adolescent with 48, XXYY syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:258-261. [PMID: 38087495 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2291669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 48, XXYY syndrome is a rare sex chromosome aneuploidy with severe systemic features. Ophthalmic manifestation of 48, XXYY syndrome include hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, hooded eye lids, strabismus, retinitis pigmentosa and Duane's syndrome. CASE We present mild foveal hypoplasia in a 12-year-old boy with 48, XXYY syndrome using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The boy was referred for assessment of strabismus and poor visual acuity. OCT revealed persistence of inner retinal layers, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer in the perifoveal region with thickening of the outer plexiform layer. OCTA revealed increased vessel density with reduced foveal avascular zone. CONCLUSION We described novel OCT and OCTA features of bilateral foveal hypoplasia and reduction of FAZ in a case of 48, XXYY syndrome based on detailed clinical observation and thorough genetic testing. This case expanded the current literature of this rare sex chromosome abnormality and suggest the importance of retinal examinations in 48, XXYY syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Guo
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Huang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Libin Jiang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Fred Kuanfu Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Ju Y, Zhang L, Gao F, Zong Y, Chen T, Ruan L, Chang Q, Zhang T, Huang X. Genetic Characteristics and Clinical Manifestations of Foveal Hypoplasia in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 262:73-85. [PMID: 38280677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of foveal hypoplasia (FH) in individuals diagnosed with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS In this study, FEVR families and sporadic cases were diagnosed at the Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, between 2017 and 2023. All patients attended routine ophthalmologic examinations and genetic screenings. The classification of FH was determined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. The FH condition was classified into 2 subgroups: group A (FH being limited to the inner layers) and group B (FH affecting the outer layers). A total of 102 eyes from 58 patients were suitable for analysis. RESULTS Forty-nine mutations in LRP5, FZD4, NDP, TSPAN12, KIF11, CTNNB1, and ZNF408 were examined and detected, with 26 of them being novel. Forty-seven eyes (46.1%) revealed FH. The majority (53.2%) were due to the typical grade 1 FH. Patients with mutations in LRP5 and KIF11 were found to exhibit a higher prevalence of FH (P = .0088). Group B displayed the lowest visual acuity compared with group A (P = .048) and the group without FH (P < .001). The retinal arteriolar angle in group B was significantly smaller than in group A (P = .001) and those without FH (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study offers a new diagnostic approach and expands the spectrum of FEVR mutations. LRP5 and KIF11 were found to be more susceptible to causing FH in patients with FEVR. FEVR eyes with FH exhibited both greater visual impairment and reduced retinal arteriolar angles. The assessment of foveal status in patients with FEVR should be valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Ju
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ruan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai (Y.J., L.Z., F.G., Y.Z., T.C., L.R., Q.C., T.Z., X.H.), Shanghai, China.
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11
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Kubota H, Fukushima Y, Nandinanti AB, Endo T, Nishida K. Retinal Blood Vessel Formation in the Macula Following Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection for Aggressive Retinopathy of Prematurity. Cureus 2024; 16:e60005. [PMID: 38854173 PMCID: PMC11162812 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Recently, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been widely used for ROP to inhibit abnormal retinal angiogenesis. However, there is a concern that such drugs potentially also affect normal retinal vascular development. We report a case of blood vessel growth across the macula after anti-VEGF treatment for zone I aggressive ROP. A 25-week-old female infant was administered 0.2 mg of ranibizumab for bilateral aggressive ROP in both eyes at 33 weeks of postmenstrual age. Under normal development, retinal blood vessels do not grow into the center of the future macular region. After five weeks, however, a horizontal blood vessel sprouted from the optic disc and extended across the macula in the right eye. The blood vessel ran straight to the vascular-avascular juncture by 41 weeks of postmenstrual age during the follow-up period. While the focus has been on arresting retinal vascular development through VEGF inhibition, anti-VEGF treatment may induce vascular abnormalities in patients with severe ROP. Infants with retinal vascular abnormalities should be carefully monitored for their visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kubota
- Ophthalmology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, JPN
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JPN
| | | | - Takao Endo
- Ophthalmology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, JPN
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JPN
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12
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Tu Z, Degg C, Bach M, McLean R, Sheth V, Thomas MG, Yang S, Gottlob I, Proudlock FA. ERG Responses in Albinism, Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus, and Controls. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:11. [PMID: 38573619 PMCID: PMC10996992 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our primary aim was to compare adult full-field ERG (ffERG) responses in albinism, idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN), and controls. A secondary aim was to investigate the effect of within-subject changes in nystagmus eye movements on ffERG responses. Methods Dilated Ganzfeld flash ffERG responses were recorded using DTL electrodes under conditions of dark (standard and dim flash) and light adaptation in 68 participants with albinism, 43 with IIN, and 24 controls. For the primary aim, the effect of group and age on ffERG responses was investigated. For the secondary aim, null region characteristics were determined using eye movements recorded prior to ffERG recordings. ffERG responses were recorded near and away from the null regions of 18 participants also measuring the success rate of recordings. Results For the primary aim, age-adjusted photopic a- and b-wave amplitudes were consistently smaller in IIN compared with controls (P < 0.0001), with responses in both groups decreasing with age. In contrast, photopic a-wave amplitudes increased with age in albinism (P = 0.0035). For the secondary aim, more intense nystagmus significantly reduced the success rate of measurable responses. Within-subject changes in nystagmus intensity generated small, borderline significant differences in photopic b-wave peak times and a-and b-wave amplitudes under scotopic conditions with standard flash. Conclusions Age-adjusted photopic ffERG responses are significantly reduced in IIN adding to the growing body of evidence of retinal abnormalities in IIN. Differences between photopic responses in albinism and controls depend on age. Success at obtaining ffERG responses could be improved by recording responses at the null region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhan Tu
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Degg
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bach
- Eye Center, Freiburg University, Killianstraße 5, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca McLean
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Viral Sheth
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn G. Thomas
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shangqing Yang
- Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cooper University Hospital, Camden, United States
| | - Frank A. Proudlock
- University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
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13
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Untaroiu A, Reis LM, Higgins BP, Walesa A, Zacharias S, Nikezic D, Costakos DM, Carroll J, Semina EV. In Vivo Assessment of Retinal Phenotypes in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:20. [PMID: 38587439 PMCID: PMC11005067 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is characterized by ocular anomalies including posterior embryotoxon, iridocorneal adhesions, corectopia/iris hypoplasia, and developmental glaucoma. Although anterior segment defects and glaucoma contribute to decreased visual acuity, the role of potential posterior segment abnormalities has not been explored. We used high-resolution retinal imaging to test the hypothesis that individuals with ARS have posterior segment pathology. Methods Three individuals with FOXC1-ARS and 10 with PITX2-ARS completed slit-lamp and fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Quantitative metrics were compared to previously published values for individuals with normal vision. Results All individuals demonstrated typical anterior segment phenotypes. Average ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness was lower in PITX2-ARS, consistent with the glaucoma history in this group. A novel phenotype of foveal hypoplasia was noted in 40% of individuals with PITX2-ARS (but none with FOXC1-ARS). Moreover, the depth and volume of the foveal pit were significantly lower in PITX2-ARS compared to normal controls, even excluding individuals with foveal hypoplasia. Analysis of known foveal hypoplasia genes failed to identify an alternative explanation. Foveal cone density was decreased in one individual with foveal hypoplasia and normal in six without foveal hypoplasia. Two individuals (one from each group) demonstrated non-foveal retinal irregularities with regions of photoreceptor anomalies on OCT and AOSLO. Conclusions These findings implicate PITX2 in the development of the posterior segment, particularly the fovea, in humans. The identified posterior segment phenotypes may contribute to visual acuity deficits in individuals with PITX2-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Untaroiu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Brian P. Higgins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ashleigh Walesa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Serena Zacharias
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Danica Nikezic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Deborah M. Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Childrens Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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14
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Ren X, Huang L, Cheng S, Wang J, Li N. Novel pathogenic variants of SLC38A8 gene and literature review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241242155. [PMID: 38515398 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241242155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of 6 Chinese patients with foveal hypoplasia (FH) caused by the variants of solute carrier family 38 member 8 (SLC38A8), and to describe the genotype and phenotype of SLC38A8 variants from previous literature. METHODS All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to evaluate the structural grade of FH. Pathogenic variants of SLC38A8 gene were identified using panel-based next-generation sequencing and direct Sanger sequencing techniques. Further, all previously reported cases of SLC38A8 variants were re-analyzed together with the novel ones identified in this study. RESULTS Nystagmus and FH were present in 6 patients with variants of SLC38A8 gene, accompanied by a normal anterior segment. Grade 4 FH was identified in 4 patients. A total of 12 variants of SLC38A8 gene were identified, including 9 novel variants. Systematical analysis revealed that half of the variants (30/60) were missense, the majority of which (23/30) were distributed in the transmembrane (TM) domains. Grade 4 FH was detected in the majority of patients (66%, 23/35). There was no statistical difference in the clinical features between the subgroups of patients with 0, 1 and 2 missense variants. CONCLUSION Severe arrest of foveal development was identified in patients with variants of SLC38A8. This study provides a brief summary of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the pathogenic SLC38A8 variants, which is helpful in the differentiation diagnosis of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100040, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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15
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Woertz EN, Ayala GD, Wynne N, Tarima S, Zacharias S, Brilliant MH, Dunn TM, Costakos D, Summers CG, Strul S, Drack AV, Carroll J. Quantitative Foveal Structural Metrics as Predictors of Visual Acuity in Human Albinism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:3. [PMID: 38441889 PMCID: PMC10916884 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the degree to which quantitative foveal structural measurements account for variation in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in human albinism. Methods BCVA was measured and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were acquired for 74 individuals with albinism. Categorical foveal hypoplasia grades were assessed using the Leicester Grading System for Foveal Hypoplasia. Foveal anatomical specialization (foveal versus parafoveal value) was quantified for inner retinal layer (IRL) thickness, outer segment (OS) length, and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. These metrics, participant sex, and age were used to build a multiple linear regression of BCVA. This combined linear model's predictive properties were compared to those of categorical foveal hypoplasia grading. Results The cohort included three participants with type 1a foveal hypoplasia, 23 participants with type 1b, 33 with type 2, ten with type 3, and five with type 4. BCVA ranged from 0.08 to 1.00 logMAR (mean ± SD: 0.53 ± 0.21). IRL ratio, OS ratio, and ONL ratio were measured in all participants and decreased with increasing severity of foveal hypoplasia. The best-fit combined linear model included all three quantitative metrics and participant age expressed as a binary variable (divided into 0-18 years and 19 years or older; adjusted R2 = 0.500). This model predicted BCVA more accurately than a categorical foveal hypoplasia model (adjusted R2 = 0.352). Conclusions A quantitative model of foveal specialization accounts for more variance in BCVA in albinism than categorical foveal hypoplasia grading. Other factors, such as optical aberrations and eye movements, may account for the remaining unexplained variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Woertz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gelique D. Ayala
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Niamh Wynne
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sergey Tarima
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Serena Zacharias
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Murray H. Brilliant
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Taylor M. Dunn
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - C. Gail Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sasha Strul
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Arlene V. Drack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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16
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Lopez Soriano V, Dueñas Rey A, Mukherjee R, Coppieters F, Bauwens M, Willaert A, De Baere E. Multi-omics analysis in human retina uncovers ultraconserved cis-regulatory elements at rare eye disease loci. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1600. [PMID: 38383453 PMCID: PMC10881467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-species genome comparisons have revealed a substantial number of ultraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs). Several of these elements have proved to be essential tissue- and cell type-specific cis-regulators of developmental gene expression. Here, we characterize a set of UCNEs as candidate CREs (cCREs) during retinal development and evaluate the contribution of their genomic variation to rare eye diseases, for which pathogenic non-coding variants are emerging. Integration of bulk and single-cell retinal multi-omics data reveals 594 genes under potential cis-regulatory control of UCNEs, of which 45 are implicated in rare eye disease. Mining of candidate cis-regulatory UCNEs in WGS data derived from the rare eye disease cohort of Genomics England reveals 178 ultrarare variants within 84 UCNEs associated with 29 disease genes. Overall, we provide a comprehensive annotation of ultraconserved non-coding regions acting as cCREs during retinal development which can be targets of non-coding variation underlying rare eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lopez Soriano
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Dueñas Rey
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frauke Coppieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miriam Bauwens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Sheth V, McLean RJ, Tu Z, Ather S, Gottlob I, Proudlock FA. Visual Field Deficits in Albinism in Comparison to Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:13. [PMID: 38319668 PMCID: PMC10854418 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This is the first systematic comparison of visual field (VF) deficits in people with albinism (PwA) and idiopathic infantile nystagmus (PwIIN) using static perimetry. We also compare best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography measures of the fovea, parafovea, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in PwA. Methods VF testing was performed on 62 PwA and 36 PwIIN using a Humphrey Field Analyzer (SITA FAST 24-2). Mean detection thresholds for each eye were calculated, along with quadrants and central measures. Retinal layers were manually segmented in the macular region. Results Mean detection thresholds were significantly lower than normative values for PwA (-3.10 ± 1.67 dB, P << 0.0001) and PwIIN (-1.70 ± 1.54 dB, P < 0.0001). Mean detection thresholds were significantly lower in PwA compared to PwIIN (P < 0.0001) and significantly worse for left compared to right eyes in PwA (P = 0.0002) but not in PwIIN (P = 0.37). In PwA, the superior nasal VF was significantly worse than other quadrants (P < 0.05). PwIIN appeared to show a mild relative arcuate scotoma. In PwA, central detection thresholds were correlated with foveal changes in the inner and outer retina. VF was strongly correlated to BCVA in both groups. Conclusions Clear peripheral and central VF deficits exist in PwA and PwIIN, and static VF results need to be interpreted with caution clinically. Since PwA exhibit considerably lower detection thresholds compared to PwIIN, VF defects are unlikely to be due to nystagmus in PwA. In addition to horizontal VF asymmetry, PwA exhibit both vertical and interocular asymmetries, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral Sheth
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. McLean
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhanhan Tu
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarim Ather
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Headington, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States
| | - Frank A. Proudlock
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Proudlock FA, McLean RJ, Sheth V, Ather S, Gottlob I. Phenotypic Features Determining Visual Acuity in Albinism and the Role of Amblyogenic Factors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:14. [PMID: 38319667 PMCID: PMC10854414 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Albinism is a spectrum disorder causing foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, and hypopigmentation of the iris and fundus along with other visual deficits, which can all impact vision. Albinism is also associated with amblyogenic factors which could affect monocular visual acuity. The foveal appearance in albinism can range from mild foveal hypoplasia to that which is indistinguishable from the peripheral retina. The appearance can be quickly and easily graded using the Leicester Grading System in the clinic. However, interquartile ranges of 0.3 logMAR for the grades associated with albinism limit the accuracy of the grading system in predicting vision. Here, we discuss the potential role of nystagmus presenting evidence that it may not be a major source of variability in the prediction of visual acuity. We also show that interocular differences in visual acuity are low in albinism despite high levels of amblyogenic factors indicating that active suppression of vision in one eye in albinism is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Proudlock
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J McLean
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Viral Sheth
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarim Ather
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Headington, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Gottlob
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States
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Chen C, Li J, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu X. TYR mutation in a Chinese population with oculocutaneous albinism: Molecular characteristics and ophthalmic manifestations. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109761. [PMID: 38145795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a partial or complete reduction of melanin biosynthesis that leads to hypopigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. The OCA1 subtype is caused by mutations in TYR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic and clinical ophthalmic characteristics of TYR mutations in patients with OCA. Herein, 51 probands with a clinical diagnosis of OCA were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. Overall, TYR mutations were detected in 37.3% (19/51) in the patients with OCA. Fifteen patients had compound heterozygous variants, and four cases had homozygous variants. Eleven different pathogenic variants in TYR were detected in these 19 patients, with missense, insertion, delins and nonsense in 71.1% (27/38), 15.8% (6/38), 2.6% (1/38), and 10.5% (4/38), respectively. Clinical examinations revealed that 84.2% (16/19) of patients were OCA1A, and 15.8% (3/19) were OCA1B. Most TYR probands (52.6%, 10/19) had moderate vision impairment, 15.8% (3/19) had severe visual impairment, 10.5% (2/19) exhibited blindness, only 5.3% (1/19) had mild visual impairment and 15.8% (3/19) were not available. Photophobia and nystagmus were found in 100% (19/19) of the patients. In addition, grade 4 foveal hypoplasia was detected in 100% (12/12) of the patients. In conclusion: The TYR patients exhibited severe ocular phenotypes: the majority (93.8%, 15/16) of them had a moderate vision impairment or worse, and 100% (12/12) had severe grade 4 foveal hypoplasia. These novel findings could provide insight into the understanding of OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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20
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Rodwell V, Patil M, Kuht HJ, Neuhauss SCF, Norton WHJ, Thomas MG. Zebrafish Optokinetic Reflex: Minimal Reporting Guidelines and Recommendations. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38275725 PMCID: PMC10813647 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Optokinetic reflex (OKR) assays in zebrafish models are a valuable tool for studying a diverse range of ophthalmological and neurological conditions. Despite its increasing popularity in recent years, there are no clear reporting guidelines for the assay. Following reporting guidelines in research enhances reproducibility, reduces bias, and mitigates underreporting and poor methodologies in published works. To better understand optimal reporting standards for an OKR assay in zebrafish, we performed a systematic literature review exploring the animal, environmental, and technical factors that should be considered. Using search criteria from three online databases, a total of 109 research papers were selected for review. Multiple crucial factors were identified, including larval characteristics, sample size, fixing method, OKR set-up, distance of stimulus, detailed stimulus parameters, eye recording, and eye movement analysis. The outcome of the literature analysis highlighted the insufficient information provided in past research papers and the lack of a systematic way to present the parameters related to each of the experimental factors. To circumvent any future errors and champion robust transparent research, we have created the zebrafish optokinetic (ZOK) reflex minimal reporting guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodwell
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Manjiri Patil
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Helen J. Kuht
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - William H. J. Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mervyn G. Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
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21
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Kessel L, Kjølholm CDB, Jordana JT. Does Foveal Hypoplasia Affect Emmetropization in Patients with Albinism? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1910. [PMID: 38136112 PMCID: PMC10741917 DOI: 10.3390/children10121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the study was to describe refractive development from early childhood to adulthood in Danish patients with albinism and to evaluate the effect of foveal developmental stage on refractive development; (2) Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism were invited for a refractive evaluation and comprehensive phenotyping including macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Foveal hypoplasia was graded based on OCT from 0 (normal) to 4 (absence of any signs of foveal specialization). Medical files were reviewed for historical refractive values in individual patients; (3) Results: Hyperopia (spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) of ≥+1 Diopter (D)) was common in both children (81.3%) and adults (67.1%). The lower prevalence of hyperopia in adults was predominantly explained by increasing astigmatism with age. Emmetropization (>2D change from before 3 years to adolescence) was seen in 22.2%. There was no influence on foveal hypoplasia grade on the degree of refractive errors throughout life; (4) Conclusions: We found that emmetropization was uncommon in Danish patients with albinism and that the degree of foveal developmental stage did not influence emmetropization or the distribution of refractive errors. High degrees of hyperopia and astigmatism were common. These results indicate that fear of impeding emmetropization should not refrain the clinician from providing adequate correction for refractive errors in young children with albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.D.B.K.); (J.T.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Joaquim Torner Jordana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.D.B.K.); (J.T.J.)
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Talsma HE, Kruijt CC, de Wit GC, Zwerver SHL, van Genderen MM. Nystagmus Characteristics in Albinism: Unveiling the Link to Foveal Hypoplasia and Visual Acuity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 38133506 PMCID: PMC10746925 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the association among nystagmus characteristics, foveal hypoplasia, and visual acuity in patients with albinism. Methods We studied nystagmus recordings of 50 patients with albinism. The nystagmus waveform was decomposed into two types: dominantly pendular and dominantly jerk. We correlated the nystagmus type, amplitude, frequency, and percentage of low velocity (PLOV) to Snellen visual acuity and foveal hypoplasia grades. Results The grade of foveal hypoplasia and visual acuity showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001). Nystagmus type and PLOV had the strongest significant (P < 0.0001) correlation with visual acuity (r = 0.70 and r = -0.56, respectively) and with foveal hypoplasia (r = 0.76 and r = -0.60, respectively). Patients with pendular nystagmus type had the lowest PLOV, and the highest grade of foveal hypoplasia (P < 0.0001). Severe foveal hypoplasia (grade 4), was almost invariably associated with pendular nystagmus (86%). Conclusions Foveal hypoplasia grade 4 is associated with pendular nystagmus, lower PLOV, and worse visual acuity. Based on these results, nystagmus recordings at a young age may contribute to predicting visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman E. Talsma
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C. Kruijt
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. de Wit
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H. L. Zwerver
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M. van Genderen
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Guardia A, Fernández A, Seruggia D, Chotard V, Sánchez-Castillo C, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Zurita E, Cantero M, Rebsam A, Cuenca N, Montoliu L. A Slc38a8 Mouse Model of FHONDA Syndrome Faithfully Recapitulates the Visual Deficits of Albinism Without Pigmentation Defects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:32. [PMID: 37862028 PMCID: PMC10599165 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to generate and phenotype a mouse model of foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects, and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA), a rare disease associated with mutations in Slc38a8 that causes severe visual alterations similar to albinism without affecting pigmentation. Methods The FHONDA mouse model was generated with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology using an RNA guide targeting the Scl38a8 murine locus. The resulting mice were backcrossed to C57BL/6J. Melanin content was measured using spectrophotometry. Retinal cell architecture was analyzed through light and electron microscopy. Retinal projections to the brain were evaluated with anterograde labelling in embryos and adults. Visual function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG) and the optomotor test (OT). Results From numerous Slc38a8 mouse mutant alleles generated, we selected one that encodes a truncated protein (p.196Pro*, equivalent to p.199Pro* in the human protein) closely resembling a mutant allele described in patients (p.200Gln*). Slc38a8 mutant mice exhibit wild-type eye and coat pigmentation with comparable melanin content. Subcellular abnormalities were observed in retinal pigment epithelium cells of Slc38a8 mutant mice. Anterograde labeling experiments of retinal projections in embryos and adults showed a reduction of ipsilateral fibers. Functional visual analyses revealed a decreased ERG response in scotopic conditions and a reduction of visual acuity in mutant mice measured by OT. Conclusions Slc38a8 mutant mice recapitulate the phenotype of patients with FHONDA concerning their normal pigmentation and their abnormal visual system, in the latter being a hallmark of all types of albinism. These mice will be helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology of this genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guardia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide Seruggia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginie Chotard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Zurita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cantero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Rebsam
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lluís Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Rodriguez-Martinez AC, Higgins BE, Tailor-Hamblin V, Malka S, Cheloni R, Collins AM, Bladen J, Henderson R, Moosajee M. Foveal Hypoplasia in CRB1-Related Retinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13932. [PMID: 37762234 PMCID: PMC10531165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRB1 gene plays a role in retinal development and its maintenance. When disrupted, it gives a range of phenotypes such as early-onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) and macular dystrophy (MD). Studies in CRB1 retinopathies have shown thickening and coarse lamination of retinal layers resembling an immature retina. Its role in foveal development has not yet been described; however, this retrospective study is the first to report foveal hypoplasia (FH) presence in a CRB1-related retinopathy cohort. Patients with pathogenic biallelic CRB1 variants from Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK, were collected. Demographic, clinical data and SD-OCT analyses with FH structural grading were performed. A total of 15 (48%) patients had EOSRD/LCA, 11 (35%) MD, 3 (9%) CORD and 2 (6%) RP. FH was observed in 20 (65%; CI: 0.47-0.79) patients, all of whom were grade 1. A significant difference in BCVA between patients with FH and without was found (p = 0.014). BCVA continued to worsen over time in both groups (p < 0.001), irrespective of FH. This study reports FH in a CRB1 cohort, supporting the role of CRB1 in foveal development. FH was associated with poorer BCVA and abnormal retinal morphology. Nonetheless, its presence did not alter the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalina Rodriguez-Martinez
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1LE, UK
| | - Bethany Elora Higgins
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Vijay Tailor-Hamblin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- UCL Experimental Psychology, London WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Samantha Malka
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Riccardo Cheloni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Alexander Mark Collins
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
| | - John Bladen
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Robert Henderson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1LE, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.C.R.-M.); (B.E.H.); (V.T.-H.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (A.M.C.); (R.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1LE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Seguy PH, Korobelnik JF, Delyfer MN, Michaud V, Arveiler B, Lasseaux E, Gattoussi S, Rougier MB, Trin K, Morice-Picard F, Ghomashchi N, Coste V. Ophthalmologic Phenotype-Genotype Correlations in Patients With Oculocutaneous Albinism Followed in a Reference Center. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:26. [PMID: 37707835 PMCID: PMC10506686 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Albinism is a group of genetic disorders that includes several conditions related to a defect in melanin production. There is a broad phenotypic and genotypic variability between the different forms. The aim of this study was to assess the ophthalmologic characteristics according to patients' genotypes in a cohort followed in the Reference Center for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) of Bordeaux University Hospital, France. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of patients with OCA seen in consultation in the ophthalmology department between 2017 and 2021 in whom a genetic analysis was performed. Results In total, 127 patients with OCA were included in this study and matched with the results of the genetic analysis. In the population aged over 6 years, there was no statistical difference in binocular visual acuity between the OCA1, OCA2, and OCA4 forms (P = 0.27). There was difference in ametropia between the three forms (P = 0.003). A two-by-two comparison using the Bonferroni correction showed a significant difference in ametropia between the OCA2 and OCA4 forms (P = 0.007) and between the OCA1 and OCA2 forms (P = 0.0075). Regardless of the form, most patients (75.4%) had grade 4 foveal hypoplasia. There was no association between the grade of foveal hypoplasia and the gene involved (P = 0.87). Conclusions We described a genotype-phenotype correlation for the three most represented forms of albinism in our cohort. This study allowed assessing the degree of visual deficiency in young children with OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Ophthalmology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Delyfer
- Ophthalmology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Kilian Trin
- Department of Pharmacology Medical, Bordeaux Regional Pharmacovigilance, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Disorders, Hôpital des Enfants Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Kavalaraki A, Paraskevopoulos K, Kavalaraki M, Karakosta C, Liaskou M. Foveal Hypoplasia in a Child With Tyrosinase-Positive Albinism. Cureus 2023; 15:e44558. [PMID: 37790023 PMCID: PMC10544804 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to report a case of bilateral foveal hypoplasia in an eight-year-old girl who presented to the ophthalmology department due to poor vision in both eyes. Clinical examination revealed bilateral nystagmus, decreased vision, as well as iris transillumination. Dilated fundus examination indicated the absence of light reflex around the foveal area and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging exhibited the absence of the fovea centralis depression. These findings, in addition to the patient's light-colored hair and skin complexion, raised suspicion for albinism. The patient was referred for genetic testing and the results confirmed the diagnosis of tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism (OCA2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Liaskou
- Ophthalmology, Penteli General Children's Hospital, Athens, GRC
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27
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Dentel A, Ferrari M, Robert MP, Valleix S, Bremond-Gignac D, Daruich A. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment in Congenital Aniridia. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 253:44-48. [PMID: 37059316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to characterize foveal vasculature assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in congenital aniridia which is hallmarked by foveal hypoplasia (FH). DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control analysis. METHODS At the National Referral Center for congenital aniridia, patients with confirmed PAX6-related aniridia and FH diagnosed on spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) with available OCT-A and matched control subjects were included. OCT-A was performed in patients with aniridia and control subjects. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) were collected. VD in the foveal and parafoveal areas at the level of the superficial and deep capillary plexi (SCP and DCP, respectively) were compared between the 2 groups. In patients with congenital aniridia, correlation between VD and the grading of FH was assessed. RESULTS Among 230 patients with confirmed PAX6-related aniridia, high-quality macular B-scans and OCT-A were available in 10 patients. On the foveal area, mean VD was higher in aniridia patients (41.10%, n = 10) than in control subjects (22.65%, n = 10) at the level of the SCP and the DCP (P = .0020 and P = .0273, respectively). On the parafoveal area, mean VD was lower in patients with aniridia (42.34%, n = 10) than in healthy subjects (49.24%, n = 10) at the level of both plexi (P = .0098 and P = .0371, respectively). In patients with congenital aniridia, a positive correlation was found between the grading of FH and the foveal VD at the SCP (r = 0.77, P = .0106). CONCLUSIONS Vasculature is altered in PAX6-related congenital aniridia, higher in foveal and lower in parafoveal areas, especially when FH is severe, which is consistent with the concept that the absence of retinal blood vessels is essential for foveal pit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dentel
- From the Ophthalmology Department (A.D., M.F., M.P.R., D.B-G., A.D.), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris.
| | - Marco Ferrari
- From the Ophthalmology Department (A.D., M.F., M.P.R., D.B-G., A.D.), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- From the Ophthalmology Department (A.D., M.F., M.P.R., D.B-G., A.D.), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris; Borelli Centre (M.P.R.), UMR 9010, CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris Cité University, Paris
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM (S.V., D.B-G., A.D.), UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris; Genomic Medicine Department of Systemic and Organ Diseases (S.V.), Cochin Hospital, Paris City University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- From the Ophthalmology Department (A.D., M.F., M.P.R., D.B-G., A.D.), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris; INSERM (S.V., D.B-G., A.D.), UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- From the Ophthalmology Department (A.D., M.F., M.P.R., D.B-G., A.D.), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris; INSERM (S.V., D.B-G., A.D.), UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris
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Xu J, Chen Y, Chen H, Wang J, Yan T, Yu X, Ye L, Xu M, Xu S, Yu H, Deng R, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Yu X, Liu Y, Liang Y, Gu F. Best-corrected visual acuity results facilitate molecular diagnosis of infantile nystagmus patients harboring FRMD7 mutations. Exp Eye Res 2023:109567. [PMID: 37423457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The visual function of patients with infantile nystagmus (IN) can be significantly decreased owing to constant eye movement. While, reaching a definitive diagnosis becomes a challenge due to genetic heterozygous of this disease. To address it, we investigated whether best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) results can facilitate the molecular diagnosis of IN patients harboring FRMD7 mutations. 200 patients with IN from 55 families and 133 sporadic cases were enrolled. Mutations were comprehensively screened by direct sequencing using gene-specific primers for FRMD7. We also retrieved related literature to verify the results based on our data. We found that the BCVA of patients with IN harboring FRMD7 mutations was between 0.5 and 0.7, which was confirmed by data retrieved from the literature. Our results showed that BCVA results facilitate the molecular diagnosis of patients with IN harboring FRMD7 mutations. In addition, we identified 31 FRMD7 mutations from the patients, including six novel mutations, namely, frameshift mutation c.1492_1493insT (p.Y498LfsTer14), splice-site mutation c.353C > G, three missense mutations [c.208C > G (p.P70A), c.234G > A (p.M78I), and c.1109G > A (p.H370R)], and nonsense mutation c.1195G > T (p.E399Ter). This study demonstrates that BCVA results may facilitate the molecular diagnosis of IN patients harboring FRMD7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Yan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiping Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suzhong Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanyun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruzhi Deng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.
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Ehrenberg M, Gal Or O, Friling R, Pesoa Y, Dotan G, Sternfeld A. Incidental Unilateral Macular Lesions in Children. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:346-352. [PMID: 37352401 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20230522-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine the rare entity of unilateral macular lesions in the pediatric population and describe the distinct diagnoses and characterizations related to these findings. METHODS A retrospective cohort design. The database of the ophthalmology clinic in a tertiary medical center was reviewed to identify all children with incidental unilateral macular findings, examined during 2016 through 2021. RESULTS Twenty children were included. Mean age was 7.8 ± 3.4 years, 50% were girls. The most common macular lesion was torpedo maculopathy (50%), followed by pigmentary changes (25%), discoid maculopathy (15%), macular scar and combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (5% each). None of the lesions changed after a mean follow-up duration of 2.3 ± 1.5 years. Visual acuity in the involved eye was equal to that in the contralateral eye in 90% of patients and did not change from initial to final visit. CONCLUSION Incidental unilateral macular lesions in the pediatric population are usually benign, stable, and do not affect vision. Long-term follow-up is advised, as vision-threatening alterations may appear. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:346-352.].
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Liu F, Wang M, Liao M, Liu L, Jiang X. X-linked FRMD7 gene mutation in idiopathic congenital nystagmus and its role in eye movement: A case report and literature review. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 2:1080869. [PMID: 38983508 PMCID: PMC11182149 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.1080869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic congenital nystagmus (ICN) is an inherited disorder characterized by uncontrollable binocular conjugating oscillation. X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus is one of the most prevalent types of ICN. Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms involved in ICN will enhance our understanding of its molecular etiology. Case presentation We report a girl with uncontrollable binocular oscillation and anomalous head posture, then presented a novel heterozygous missense variant (c.686G>T) within the mutation-rich region of the FERM domain containing 7 (FRMD7) gene in her family member. The girl received occlusion therapy and surgical operation which balanced her binocular vision and corrected the anomalous head posture. Conclusions This is the first report on a mutation (c.686G>T) caused the substitution of Arg (R) with Leu (L) at position 229 (p.R229L) of the FRMD7 protein in a patient with ICN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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A gain-of-function TPC2 variant R210C increases affinity to PI(3,5)P 2 and causes lysosome acidification and hypopigmentation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:226. [PMID: 36641477 PMCID: PMC9840614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Albinism is a group of inherited disorders mainly affecting skin, hair and eyes. Here we identify a de novo point mutation, p.R210C, in the TPCN2 gene which encodes Two Pore Channel 2 (TPC2) from a patient with albinism. TPC2 is an endolysosome and melanosome localized non-selective cation channel involved in regulating pigment production. Through inside-out recording of plasma membrane targeted TPC2 and direct recording of enlarged endolysosomal vacuoles, we reveal that the R210C mutant displays constitutive channel activation and markedly increased affinity to PI(3,5)P2. Mice harboring the homologous mutation, R194C, also exhibit hypopigmentation in the fur and skin, as well as less pigment and melanosomes in the retina in a dominant inheritance manner. Moreover, mouse embryonic fibroblasts carrying the R194C mutation show enlarged endolysosomes, enhanced lysosomal Ca2+ release and hyper-acidification. Our data suggest that R210C is a pathogenic gain-of-function TPC2 variant that underlies an unusual dominant type of albinism.
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Baldev V, Tibrewal S, Rath S, Ganesh S. Correction of horizontal and torsional compensatory head posture in infantile nystagmus syndrome using horizontal rectus muscle recession and resection with vertical transposition. Strabismus 2022; 30:139-143. [PMID: 35815464 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2097704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is often characterized by an identifiable null zone. When the null zone is not in the straight-ahead gaze, a compensatory head posture (CHP) is adopted by the patient to achieve best possible vision. Various surgical procedures have been recommended to correct a CHP which is clinically predominant in one dimension of yaw (lateral rotation), pitch (anterior or posterior flexion/extension) or roll (lateral flexion). However, the presence of a complex CHP which is clinically evident in more than one dimension, warrants either a combination of multiple techniques or a stepwise approach. We report the case of a 26-year-old male with INS with an eccentric null and a multi-dimensional complex CHP of 30º left face turn, 20º right head tilt and 10º chin depression. The patient was managed by all four horizontal rectus muscle recession and resection with full tendon vertical transposition to address the face turn and head tilt. He underwent lateral rectus muscle (LR) recession with upward transposition and medial rectus muscle (MR) resection with downward transposition in the right eye. MR recession with upward transposition and LR resection with downward transposition were performed in the left eye. Postoperatively. the head posture improved significantly for both distance and near viewing. The chin depression also reduced after the procedure. He developed transient diplopia due to a small vertical deviation after the surgery, which was managed by prisms and fusional exercises. Thus, horizontal rectus muscle recession and resection combined with vertical transposition may be helpful to simultaneously improve the head tilt associated with the face turn, obviating the need for vertical rectus muscle or oblique muscle surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Baldev
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Om Parkash Eye Institute, Amritsar
| | - Shailja Tibrewal
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Soveeta Rath
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Suma Ganesh
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
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Al-Nosairy KO, Quanz EV, Biermann J, Hoffmann MB. Optical Coherence Tomography as a Biomarker for Differential Diagnostics in Nystagmus: Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness Ratio. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174941. [PMID: 36078871 PMCID: PMC9456294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In albinism, with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a thinning of the macular ganglion cell layer was recently reported. As a consequence, the relevant OCT measure, i.e., a reduction of the temporal/nasal ganglion cell layer thickness quotient (GCLTQ), is a strong candidate for a novel biomarker of albinism. However, nystagmus is a common trait in albinism and is known as a potential confound of imaging techniques. Therefore, there is a need to determine the impact of nystagmus without albinism on the GCLTQ. In this bi-center study, the retinal GCLTQ was determined (OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) for healthy controls (n = 5, 10 eyes) vs. participants with nystagmus and albinism (Nalbinism, n = 8, 15 eyes), and with nystagmus of other origins (Nother, n = 11, 17 eyes). Macular OCT with 25 horizontal B scans 20 × 20° with 9 automated real time tracking (ART) frames centered on the retina was obtained for each group. From the sectoral GCLTs of the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) circular thickness maps, i.e., 3 mm and 6 mm ETDRS rings, GCLTQ I and GCLTQ II were determined. Both GCLTQs were reduced in Nalbinism (GCLTQ I and II: 0.78 and 0.77, p < 0.001) compared to Nother (0.91 and 0.93) and healthy controls (0.89 and 0.95). The discrimination of Nalbinism from Nother via GCLTQ I and II had an area under the curve of 80 and 82% with an optimal cutoff point of 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. In conclusion, lower GCLTQ in Nalbinism appears as a distinguished feature in albinism-related nystagmus as opposed to other causes of nystagmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth V. Quanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Biermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Centre, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Chen C, Wang R, Yuan Y, Li J, Yu X. Clinical Features and Novel Genetic Variants Associated with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071283. [PMID: 35886065 PMCID: PMC9321923 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic form of albinism, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and other systemic complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate patients with HPS-associated gene mutations and describe associated ocular and extraocular phenotypes. Fifty-four probands clinically diagnosed as albinism were enrolled. Ophthalmic examinations and genetic testing were performed in all subjects. The phenotypic and genetic features were evaluated. HPS-associated gene mutation was identified in four of the patients with albinism phenotype. Clinically, photophobia, and nystagmus was detected in all (4/4) patients, and strabismus was found in one (1/4) patient. Fundus examination revealed fundus hypopigmentation and foveal hypoplasia in all (8/8) eyes. Eight novel causative mutations were detected in these four HPS probands. Five (62.5%, 5/8) of the mutations were nonsense, two of the mutations were missense (25%, 2/8), and one of the mutations was frameshift (12.5%, 1/8). All patients in our study carried compound heterozygous variants, and all these pathogenic variants were identified to be novel, with most (62.5%, 5/8) of the mutations being nonsense. Our results improved the understanding of clinical ocular features, and expanded the spectrum of known variants and the genetic background of HPS.
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Lee J, Jeong H, Won D, Shin S, Lee ST, Choi JR, Byeon SH, Kuht HJ, Thomas MG, Han J. Noncanonical Splice Site and Deep Intronic FRMD7 Variants Activate Cryptic Exons in X-linked Infantile Nystagmus. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35762937 PMCID: PMC9251792 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.6.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to report noncoding pathogenic variants in patients with FRMD7-related infantile nystagmus (FIN). Methods Genome sequencing (n = 2 families) and reanalysis of targeted panel next generation sequencing (n = 2 families) was performed in genetically unsolved cases of suspected FIN. Previous sequence analysis showed no pathogenic coding variants in genes associated with infantile nystagmus. SpliceAI, SpliceRover, and Alamut consensus programs were used to annotate noncoding variants. Minigene splicing assay was performed to confirm aberrant splicing. In silico analysis of exonic splicing enhancer and silencer was also performed. Results FRMD7 intronic variants were identified based on genome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing analysis. These included c.285-12A>G (pedigree 1), c.284+63T>A (pedigrees 2 and 3), and c. 383-1368A>G (pedigree 4). All variants were absent in gnomAD, and the both c.285-12A>G and c.284+63T>A variants were predicted to enhance new splicing acceptor gains with SpliceAI, SpliceRover, and Alamut consensus approaches. However, the c.383-1368 A>G variant only had a significant impact score on the SpliceRover program. The c.383-1368A>G variant was predicted to promote pseudoexon inclusion by binding of exonic splicing enhancer. Aberrant exonizations were validated through minigene constructs, and all variants were segregated in the families. Conclusions Deep learning–based annotation of noncoding variants facilitates the discovery of hidden genetic variations in patients with FIN. This study provides evidence of effectiveness of combined deep learning–based splicing tools to identify hidden pathogenic variants in previously unsolved patients with infantile nystagmus. Translational Relevance These results demonstrate robust analysis using two deep learning splicing predictions and in vitro functional study can lead to finding hidden genetic variations in unsolved patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Jeong
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Dxome Co., Ltd. Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Dxome Co., Ltd. Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Helen J Kuht
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Jinu Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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