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Pretorius TB, Padmanabhanunni A. A unidimensional short form of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-7) derived using item response theory. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6021. [PMID: 38472416 PMCID: PMC10933447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is the most widely used measure of hopelessness, a key psychological construct linked with various mental health outcomes. In clinical settings, the BHS has proven a reliable tool for assessing hopelessness; however, there has been debate regarding the tool's internal consistency among non-clinical populations. Most studies assessing the dimensionality of the BHS have relied on the use of classical test theory (CTT). The length of the BHS has also prompted concerns over its practicality. The BHS-9 was developed to address these critiques and formulated based on psychiatrically hospitalized adult patients. The current study investigates the dimensionality of the BHS-9 among a non-clinical sample using item response theory (Mokken scale analysis and Rasch) and CTT. The results confirm that the BHS-9 is essentially unidimensional. However, a salient finding was that Item 6 violated invariant item ordering. An exploratory factor analysis of the remaining eight items found that the items accounted for 48.05% of the variance. Further exploratory factor analyses, removing one item at a time, showed that the removal of item 18 would increase variance explained > 50%. The revised BHS-7 was found to be unidimensional and maintained strong internal consistency and criterion-related validity. This revised tool effectively captures the essence of hopelessness among a non-clinical population and presents a more refined option for the assessment of this construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone B Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Pineda-Roa CA, Campo-Arias A, Bello-Villanueva AM. Beck Hopelessness Scale-20: Dimensionality and Nomological Validity Among Colombian School-Age Adolescents. Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:21-26. [PMID: 37148268 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231174479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To establish the validity of the BHS-20, a sample of 2064 adolescent students aged 14 and 17 years (M = 15.61, SD = 1.05) were invited to participate in the research. Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) were computed to evaluate the internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the dimensionality of the BHS-20. The Spearman correlation (rs) with depressive symptoms and risk of suicide scores of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale were computed to explore the nomological validity. The BHS-20 showed a high internal consistency (α = .81, ω = .93), an adequate one-dimensional structure with an excellent adjustment [χ2 S-B = 341, df = 170, p < .01, Comparative Fit Index = .99, RMSEA = .03] and acceptable nomological validity with depressive symptoms (rs = .47, p < .01) and scores for suicide risk (rs = .33, p < .01). In conclusion, current results suggest that the BHS-20 demonstrates validity and reliability among Colombian adolescent students.
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Mitchell SM, Brown SL, Moscardini EH, LeDuc M, Tucker R. A Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Hopelessness Scale Among Individuals With Elevated Suicide Risk. Assessment 2024; 31:304-320. [PMID: 36935566 PMCID: PMC10507143 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231161766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal theory of suicide hypothesizes that suicide ideation (SI) emerges specifically in the context of hopelessness about the immutability of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB; i.e., interpersonal hopelessness). The psychometrics of the Interpersonal Hopelessness Scale (IHS), which could be used to test this hypothesis directly, have not been rigorously evaluated. Participants (U.S. adults reporting past-year SI) completed online self-report assessments at Waves 1 (W1; N = 595) and 2 (W2; N = 215), 1 week apart. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure, IHS-TB and IHS-PB. Correlations indicated strong concurrent validity. Hurdle negative binomial regressions indicated that W1 IHS-TB and IHS-PB scores were associated with SI presence and severity at both waves, but this was inconsistent when adjusting for other W1 variables. IHS-TB and IHS-PB demonstrated excellent internal consistency and moderate to good test-retest reliability. The IHS could improve theory testing and suicide risk assessment and management.
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Yüksel E, Yüksel Ö. Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:798. [PMID: 37887448 PMCID: PMC10604062 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the level of hopelessness experienced by last-year students at a faculty of veterinary medicine. Moreover, it identifies the factors behind this emotion. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 238 last-year students from 2017 to 2021. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic and other characteristics, along with the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and chi-square tests. The findings suggested that nearly 60% of the respondents experienced hopelessness. The analysis also revealed a significant relation between hopelessness levels and variables such as year, gender, expected time of first employment, and psychological status. The results suggested that the current state of mental health is worrying for the veterinary faculty students and therefore for the future veterinarians. For this reason, it can be argued that steps to be taken towards a solution in the veterinary education periods are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Yüksel
- Department of Veterinary History and Deontology, Veterinary Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
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Drinkwater K, Denovan A, Dagnall N, Williams C. The General Hopelessness Scale: Development of a measure of hopelessness for non-clinical samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287016. [PMID: 37363918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Noting concerns about the non-clinical efficacy of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), specifically the instrument's ability to discriminate between lower levels of hopelessness, this paper describes the development of the General Hopelessness Scale (GHS) for use with general samples. Following a literature review an item pool assessing the breadth of the hopelessness construct domain was created. This was then placed in survey form and assessed within two independent studies. Study 1 (N = 305, 172 women, 133 men, Mage = 28.68) explored factorial structure, item performance, and convergent validity of the GHS in relation to standardised measures of self-esteem and trait hopelessness. In Study 2 (N = 326, 224 women, 102 men, Mage = 26.52), scrutiny of the GHS occurred using confirmatory factor analysis and invariance tests, alongside item performance and convergent validity analyses relative to measures of affect, optimism, and hope. Factor analysis (using minimum average partial correlations and exploratory factor analysis) within Study 1 revealed the existence of four dimensions (Negative Expectations, Hope, Social Comparison, and Futility), which met Rasch model assumptions (i.e., good item/person fit and item/person reliability). Further psychometric assessment within Study 2 found satisfactory model fit and gender invariance. Convergent validity testing revealed moderate to large associations between the GHS and theoretically relevant variables (self-esteem, trait hopelessness, affect, optimism, and hope) across Study 1 and 2. Further examination of performance (reliability and ceiling and floor effects) within Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that the GHS was a satisfactory measure in non-clinical settings. Additionally, unlike the BHS, the GHS does not assume that administrators are trained professionals capable of advising on appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Drinkwater
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Denovan
- Department of People and Performance, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Williams
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Moscardini EH, Tucker RP. Psychometric Properties of an Online Administered Version of the Suicide Stroop Task. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meléndez JC, Delhom I, Satorres E, Abella M, Real E. [Hopelessness as a predictor of loneliness in older adults]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:85-89. [PMID: 35190191 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hopelessness is characterized by a set of negative cognitive schemas about the future, conceptualized on the basis of three dimensions: affective, motivational and cognitive. This construct is linked to loneliness, the incidence of which in older adults is increasingly high. The aim of this research is to test whether hopelessness factors predict levels of loneliness in older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS 138 non-institutionalized persons from Valencia city between 65-90 years old participated, with a mean age of 73.67 (SD=4.8), and 59.4% were women. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) were administered to assess participants. RESULTS The motivational and cognitive factors acted as statistically significant predictors of loneliness, while the affective factor was not presented as a significant factor. The final model obtained an R2adj=.442, F(3, 87)=23.97, p<.001. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is a phenomenon of great concern in the field of gerontology due to its high incidence and impact. The results indicate that hopelessness, specifically loss of motivation and negative expectations about the future, are critical issues for the development of feelings of loneliness in older adults. Thus, it is relevant to pay attention to these variables in order to apply loneliness prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Meléndez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - Iraida Delhom
- Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Encarnación Satorres
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Mireia Abella
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Elena Real
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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Rosario-Williams B, Kaur S, Miranda R. Examining decentering as a moderator in the relation between non-suicidal self-injury and suicide ideation via cognitive-affective factors. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:741-754. [PMID: 33724535 PMCID: PMC8387333 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the high prevalence of self-injury but low treatment-seeking among young adults, brief, accessible interventions might help reduce risk of self-injurious thoughts and behavior in this population. This cross-sectional study examined the moderating effects of decentering-a cognitive-affective regulation strategy-in the relation between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation via cognitive-affective factors that increase risk for both NSSI and suicide ideation. METHODS College students (N = 125, 79% women), ages 18-27, pre-screened for moderate levels of depression and anxiety, completed self-report measures of NSSI, decentering, rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. RESULTS Young adults with past-year non-suicidal self-injury scored lower on decentering than their peers without NSSI. Decentering was associated with lower levels of all cognitive-affective risk factors and moderated the relation between NSSI and rumination, but not the relation between NSSI and hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Decentering moderated the indirect effect of past-year non-suicidal self-injury on past-week suicide ideation via rumination, but not via hopelessness or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Decentering is a potential cognitive-affective regulation strategy for targeting factors that increase risk of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Future studies should examine decentering as a buffer against risk using designs that allow for conclusions about temporal order of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simran Kaur
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Regina Miranda
- Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
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Mo S, Shi J. The Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 on Residents and Staff in Nursing Homes. WORK, AGING AND RETIREMENT 2020; 6:254-259. [PMID: 34192005 PMCID: PMC7665707 DOI: 10.1093/workar/waaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this commentary, we overview the existing research on psychological consequences caused by COVID-19 for both residents and staff in the nursing homes. We identify loneliness and emotional anxiety as main psychological consequences for nursing home residents, whereas uncertainty, hopelessness, work overload, and role conflicts are the most salient psychological challenges for the staff in the nursing homes during the pandemic. We then summarize the existing strategies and interventions responsive to the above challenges. We suggest that this overview may help nursing home managers understand what are the key psychological challenges and how to deal with them during a crisis period. Finally, we also encourage future research to pay more attention to exploring interventions specifically designed for vulnerable older people, understanding the role of the nursing home leader team in managing emotional and ethical challenges in organizations, and developing community-wide collaboration with multiple external stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junqi Shi
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gordon E, Kenny M, O'Reilly A, Eynan R. You feel it was written about you: client acceptability of a group intervention for repeat suicide attempts. J Ment Health 2020; 31:479-486. [PMID: 32935603 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1818705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeat attempts increase risk of death by suicide. The Psychosocial/psychoeducational Intervention for People with recurrent Suicide Attempts (PISA)/Skills for Safer Living (SfSL) is a group intervention targeting repeat attempts. AIMS To evaluate the acceptability of PISA/SfSL to clients and identify key model components influencing this. METHODS This exploratory mixed-methods study involved adults who completed PISA/SfSL (N = 16). Participants completed semi-structured interviews and a satisfaction questionnaire post-intervention, and self-report outcome measures of population specific challenges pre and post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Qualitative themes illuminate three interrelated response processes; connection with each other and the model, taking control of life, and gaining a sense of value. Quantitative outcome measures indicated positive trends in suicidality, hopelessness, alexithymia, and problem-solving. High satisfaction levels indicated its quality, relevancy, applicability and helpfulness. Key components influencing responses were PISA/SfSL's; psychosocial group format and processes, psychoeducational and skill development content, and ethos. Results suggest PISA/SfSL was acceptable to those with repeat suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the usefulness of group work and the importance of consistency with guidelines in suicide intervention. It supports the view that recovery in suicidality and engagement in treatment are complex processes. It adds to previous research demonstrating acceptability among facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gordon
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve Kenny
- Psychology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Fairview, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aileen O'Reilly
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rahel Eynan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
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Evidencias de validez factorial de la Escala de desesperanza de Beck en español con muestras clínicas y no clínicas. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2020.23.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la estructura interna de la adaptación al español de Escala de Desesperanza de Beck et al. (1974), dada su utilidad y relevancia en la predicción de conductas suicidas. Para esto, se analizaron las respuestas a la escala de 1260 estudiantes universitarios (M = 4.79; DT = 4.29) y de una muestra clínica en la que participaron 150 jóvenes con intento de suicidio de alta letalidad (M = 8.51; DT = 2.38). Se examinó la estructura interna por medio del Análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) en tres fases: en la primera, se comparó el modelo original con cuatro modelos encontrados en las diferentes adaptaciones al español; en la segunda, se tomaron en cuenta modelos que analizan la aquiescencia; y en la tercera, se hizo una validación cruzada de esos modelos con población clínica. Los resultados señalan que la escala es unidimensional tanto en el caso de las muestras clínicas (χ2 = 154.84, gl = 135, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99,RMSEA = 0.03) como en la población universitaria; sin embargo, a esta última se le añadió un factor de método para el tratamiento de la aquiescencia (χ2 = 252.14, gl = 134, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03). Los resultados muestran la importancia de utilizar análisis y modelos que consideren la naturaleza de los datos y las características de la muestra para aportar evidencias más sólidas para la validez de constructo.
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Reliability and validity of short Beck Hopelessness Scale in psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:525-531. [PMID: 31543084 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults represent the segment of population most exposed to the risk of suicide nearly everywhere in the world. Previous studies showed that hopelessness was an important risk factor for suicide. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the four-item Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-4) in psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly. METHOD Two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select research sites. Using case-control psychological autopsy study, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collected information. RESULTS A total of 242 elderly suicide deaths and 242 matched living comparisons were investigated, including 135 males and 107 females for each group. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of the controls were 0.682-0.713. The median score of BHS-4 among suicides was significantly higher than that among controls. The corrected correlation coefficient between items and total score were 0.184-0.723. Cronbach's Alphas coefficient was 0.834. Only one common factor was precipitated by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rates were 59.558% for suicides and 52.722% for living controls. The correlation coefficient between hopelessness and depression were 0.481 among suicide death and 0.617 among living controls. CONCLUSION The information provided by the informants through psychological autopsy method had high reliability to reflect the actual situation of suicides and controls. BHS-4 has good reliability and validity among Chinese rural elderly suicides. It is suitable for psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly.
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Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Short Hopelessness Scale. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.91428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Balsamo M, Carlucci L, Innamorati M, Lester D, Pompili M. Further Insights Into the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): Unidimensionality Among Psychiatric Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32848911 PMCID: PMC7411257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short versions of the Beck Hopelessness Scale have all been created according the Classical Test Theory, but the use and the application of this theory has been repeatedly criticized. In the current study, the Item Response Theory approach was employed to refine and shorten the BHS in order to build a reasonably coherent unidimensional scale whose items/symptoms can be treated as ordinal indicators of the theoretical concept of hopelessness, scaled along a single continuum. In a sample of 492 psychiatrically hospitalized, adult patients (51.2% females), predominantly with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type II, the BHS was submitted to Mokken Scale Analysis. A final set of the nine best-fitting items satisfied the assumptions of local independency, monotonicity, and invariance of the item ordering. Using the ROC curve method, the IRT-based 9-item BHS showed good discriminant validity in categorizing psychiatric inpatients with high/medium suicidal risk and patients with and without suicide attempts. With high sensitivity (>.90), this newly developed scale could be used as a valid screening tool for suicidal risk assessment in psychiatric inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università Europea di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - David Lester
- Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ordak M, Bulska E, Jablonka-Salach K, Luciuk A, Maj-Żurawska M, Matsumoto H, Nasierowski T, Wojnar M, Matras J, Muszynska E, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Effect of Disturbances of Zinc and Copper on the Physical and Mental Health Status of Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:9-15. [PMID: 28801722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of copper and zinc in the tissues of alcohol-addicted people can significantly correlate with the variables describing their mental state. Studies on the homeostasis of zinc in alcohol-dependent patients have often been characterized by low hypozincemia detection. This may be caused by a low content of zinc in blood serum (1%) compared to the average zinc level in the body. Unfortunately, most authors have identified extracellular zinc in their studies. In the available literature, data on the level of copper in patients suffering from alcohol dependence are inconsistent. Our study included 100 alcohol-addicted patients (the study group) and 50 healthy subjects (the control group). Mental state was measured using appropriate psychometric scales. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine copper and zinc content. Our results confirm the purposefulness of the use of zinc concentration in erythrocytes as a diagnostic parameter for low zinc status in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol-dependent patients with reduced concentrations of zinc in erythrocytes/copper in blood plasma differed significantly from alcohol-dependent patients with normal concentrations in terms of clinical parameters. With regard to zinc in blood plasma and copper in erythrocytes, this situation has not been found. The clinical symptoms of hypozincemia and copper deficiency in patients addicted to alcohol usually relate to disorders in central nervous system functioning, and they result in a decreased quality of physical and mental life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ordak
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Jablonka-Salach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Luciuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Maj-Żurawska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Nasierowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Matras
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Muszynska
- Department of General Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kliem S, Lohmann A, Mößle T, Brähler E. Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Beck hopelessness scale (BHS): results from a German representative population sample. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:110. [PMID: 29699522 PMCID: PMC5921745 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) has been the most frequently used instrument for the measurement of hopelessness in the past 40 years. Only recently has it officially been translated into German. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the BHS have been cause for intensive debate in the past. METHODS Based on a representative sample of the German population (N = 2450) item analysis including item sensitivity, item-total correlation and item difficulty was performed. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) for several factor solutions from the literature were performed. Multiple group factor analysis was performed to assess measurement invariance. Construct validity was assessed via the replication of well-established correlations with concurrently assessed measures. RESULTS Most items exhibited adequate properties. Items #4, #8 and #13 exhibited poor item characteristics- each of these items had previously received negative evaluations in international studies. A one-dimensional factor solution, favorable for the calculation and interpretation of a sum score, was regarded as adequate. A bi-factor model with one content factor and two method factors (defined by positive/negative item coding) resulted in an excellent model fit. Cronbach's alpha in the current sample was .87. Hopelessness, as measured by the BHS, significantly correlated in the expected direction with suicidal ideation (r = .36), depression (r = .53) and life satisfaction (r = -.53). Strict measurement invariance could be established regarding gender and depression status. Due to limited research regarding the interpretation of fit indices with dichotomous data, interpretation of CFA results needs to remain tentative. CONCLUSION The BHS is a valid measure of hopelessness in various subgroups of the general population. Future research could aim at replicating these findings using item response theory and cross-cultural samples. A one-dimensional bi-factor model seems appropriate even in a non-clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna Lohmann
- 0000 0000 8700 8822grid.462495.8Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- State Police College of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Sturmbühlstraße 250, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- 0000 0001 1941 7111grid.5802.fDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz,
- Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cDepartment of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Satorres E, Ros L, Meléndez JC, Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Sales A. Measuring elderly people's quality of life through the Beck Hopelessness Scale: a study with a Spanish sample. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:239-244. [PMID: 27786537 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1247427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hopelessness is a key element of suicidal intent. It can instill a pessimistic outlook on the future, leading an individual to believe that suicide is the only answer to their problems. Hopelessness operates as a modulating variable between depression and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in a non-clinical sample. METHOD Three hundred and sixty-two Spanish individuals, aged over 60, free of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, completed the BHS scale. Participants were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using one-, two- and three-factor models. RESULTS The one- and two-factor models presented adequate fit indices. Specifically, the indices of the two-factor models were better than those of the one-factor model. The two-factor model, without items 4, 9 and 14, provided the best fit, given that the indices obtained in the CFA and their internal consistency were better than those of the other models. CONCLUSION The validation of the BHS for a population of Spanish older adults provides a reliable and valid measure of hopelessness and could be useful in clinical practice and research as an effective tool for the early detection of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Satorres
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
| | - L Ros
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - J C Meléndez
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
| | - J P Serrano
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - J M Latorre
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Castilla La Mancha , Spain
| | - A Sales
- a Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology , University of Valencia , Spain
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Lamis DA, Ballard ED, May AM, Dvorak RD. Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in College Students: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Hopelessness, Alcohol Problems, and Social Support. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:919-32. [PMID: 27008096 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mixed evidence for the associations among depression, hopelessness, alcohol problems, and suicidal ideation in college students may be due to the influence of social support. METHOD A moderated-mediation analysis was conducted to examine relationships among suicide risk factors in 2,034 college students. RESULTS Social support moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and hopelessness in predicting suicidal thoughts; specifically, the association between depressive symptoms and hopelessness was diminished among those students with high levels of social support. This resulted in attenuated indirect associations between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation via hopelessness. Alcohol problems were associated with likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation, but not severity. CONCLUSION Social support may be a key variable for suicide prevention among college students.
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Abstract
The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.
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Zhang WC, Jia CX, Hu X, Qiu HM, Liu XC. Beck Hopelessness Scale: Psychometric Properties Among Rural Chinese Suicide Attempters and Non-Attempters. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:442-6. [PMID: 25679324 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2014.970300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The authors recruited 401 suicide attempters from general hospitals and 409 matched non-attempters to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in rural China. All participants completed the BHS, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI). Suicide attempters had higher BHS scores than non-attempters. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were satisfactory and BHS scores significantly correlated to CES-D and TAI scores. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model for suicide attempters and a five-factor model for non-attempters. The BHS is satisfactory in assessing hopelessness among suicide attempters in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics , Shandong University School of Public Health , Jinan , China
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Innamorati M, Lester D, Balsamo M, Erbuto D, Ricci F, Amore M, Girardi P, Pompili M. Factor Validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Italian Medical Patients. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-013-9380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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