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Serbis A, Giapros V, Tsamis K, Balomenou F, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Siomou E. Beta Cell Dysfunction in Youth- and Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Extensive Narrative Review with a Special Focus on the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2217. [PMID: 37432389 PMCID: PMC10180650 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly diagnosed in youth, particularly among adolescents and young adults of minority ethnic groups. Especially, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, obesity and prediabetes have surged not only in minority ethnic groups but also in the general population, further raising T2D risk. Regarding its pathogenesis, a gradually increasing insulin resistance due to central adiposity combined with a progressively defective β-cell function are the main culprits. Especially in youth-onset T2D, a rapid β-cell activity decline has been observed, leading to higher treatment failure rates, and early complications. In addition, it is well established that both the quantity and quality of food ingested by individuals play a key role in T2D pathogenesis. A chronic imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure together with impaired micronutrient intake can lead to obesity and insulin resistance on one hand, and β-cell failure and defective insulin production on the other. This review summarizes our evolving understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in defective insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in youth- and adult-onset T2D and, further, of the role various micronutrients play in these pathomechanisms. This knowledge is essential if we are to curtail the serious long-term complications of T2D both in pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Serbis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Balomenou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
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Ngamjariyawat A, Cen J, Said R, Incedal C, Idevall-Hagren O, Welsh N. Metabolic stress-induced human beta-cell death is mediated by increased intracellular levels of adenosine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1060675. [PMID: 36761184 PMCID: PMC9905624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High intracellular concentrations of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine have been suggested to be an important mediator of cell death. The aim of the present study was to characterize adenosine-induced death in insulin-producing beta-cells, at control and high glucose + palmitate-induced stress conditions. METHODS Human insulin-producing EndoC-betaH1 cells were treated with adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, inosine and high glucose + sodium palmitate, and death rates using flow cytometry were studied. RESULTS We observed that adenosine and the non-receptor-activating analogue 2-deoxyadenosine, but not the adenosine deamination product inosine, promoted beta-cell apoptosis at concentrations exceeding maximal adenosine-receptor stimulating concentrations. Both adenosine and inosine were efficiently taken up by EndoC-betaH1 cells, and inosine counteracted the cell death promoting effect of adenosine by competing with adenosine for uptake. Both adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine promptly reduced insulin-stimulated production of plasma membrane PI(3,4,5)P3, an effect that was reversed upon wash out of adenosine. In line with this, adenosine, but not inosine, rapidly diminished Akt phosphorylation. Both pharmacological Bax inhibition and Akt activation blocked adenosine-induced beta-cell apoptosis, indicating that adenosine/2'-deoxyadenosine inhibits the PI3K/Akt/BAD anti-apoptotic pathway. High glucose + palmitate-induced cell death was paralleled by increased intracellular adenosine and inosine levels. Overexpression of adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1) in EndoC-betaH1 cells, which increased Akt phosphorylation, prevented both adenosine-induced apoptosis and high glucose + palmitate-induced necrosis. ADA2 overexpression not only failed to protect against adenosine and high glucose + palmitate-activated cell death, but instead potentiated the apoptosis-stimulating effect of adenosine. In line with this, ADA1 overexpression increased inosine production from adenosine-exposed cells, whereas ADA2 did not. Knockdown of ADA1 resulted in increased cell death rates in response to both adenosine and high glucose + palmitate. Inhibition of miR-30e-3p binding to the ADA1 mRNA 3'-UTR promoted the opposite effects on cell death rates and reduced intracellular adenosine contents. DISCUSSION It is concluded that intracellular adenosine/2'-deoxyadenosine regulates negatively the PI3K pathway and is therefore an important mediator of beta-cell apoptosis. Adenosine levels are controlled, at least in part, by ADA1, and strategies to upregulate ADA1 activity, during conditions of metabolic stress, could be useful in attempts to preserve beta-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Romain Said
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ceren Incedal
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Idevall-Hagren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Nils Welsh,
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Ling Y, Jiang C, Xiao Z, Shang X, Li Q, Wang B, Hao M, Liu F, Zhao N, Feng J, Zhao H. Serum adenosine deaminase activity and acute cerebral infarction: a retrospective case-control study based on 7913 participants. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8719-8728. [PMID: 36260871 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine into inosine, which eventually decomposes into uric acid (UA). A body of papers have reported that adenosine and UA are closely related to cerebrovascular events. However, the association between serum ADA activity and acute cerebral infarction (ACI) remains unclear. METHODS 7913 subjects were enrolled, including 3968 ACI patients and 3945 controls, in this study. An automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to determine serum activity. RESULTS Serum ADA activity was found that was significantly decreased in patients with ACI (10.10 ± 3.72 U/L) compared to those without ACI (11.07 ± 2.85 U/L, p < 0.001). After Logistic regression analysis, ADA concentrations were negatively correlated with ACI (OR = 1.161, 95% CI: 1.140-1.183, p < 0.001). Smoking and alcohol consumption decreased serum ADA concentrations in patients with ACI, whereas diabetes and hypertension had the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS Serum ADA concentrations in patients with ACI are markedly decreased, suggesting that the decreased ADA concentrations may be involved in the pathogenesis of ACI. We hypothesized that decreased ADA activity may be an adaptive mechanism to maintain adenosine levels and protect against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ling
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao Shang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Baojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Maolin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jianli Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hongqin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Tritschler S, Thomas M, Böttcher A, Ludwig B, Schmid J, Schubert U, Kemter E, Wolf E, Lickert H, Theis FJ. A transcriptional cross species map of pancreatic islet cells. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101595. [PMID: 36113773 PMCID: PMC9526148 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete hormones to regulate systemic glucose levels. Emerging evidence suggests that islet cells are functionally heterogeneous to allow a fine-tuned and efficient endocrine response to physiological changes. A precise description of the molecular basis of this heterogeneity, in particular linking animal models to human islets, is an important step towards identifying the factors critical for endocrine cell function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. METHODS In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile more than 50'000 endocrine cells isolated from healthy human, pig and mouse pancreatic islets and characterize transcriptional heterogeneity and evolutionary conservation of those cells across the three species. We systematically delineated endocrine cell types and α- and β-cell heterogeneity through prior knowledge- and data-driven gene sets shared across species, which altogether capture common and differential cellular properties, transcriptional dynamics and putative driving factors of state transitions. RESULTS We showed that global endocrine expression profiles correlate, and that critical identity and functional markers are shared between species, while only approximately 20% of cell type enriched expression is conserved. We resolved distinct human α- and β-cell states that form continuous transcriptional landscapes. These states differentially activate maturation and hormone secretion programs, which are related to regulatory hormone receptor expression, signaling pathways and different types of cellular stress responses. Finally, we mapped mouse and pig cells to the human reference and observed that the spectrum of human α- and β-cell heterogeneity and aspects of such functional gene expression are better recapitulated in the pig than mouse data. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide a high-resolution transcriptional map of healthy human islet cells and their murine and porcine counterparts, which is easily queryable via an online interface. This comprehensive resource informs future efforts that focus on pancreatic endocrine function, failure and regeneration, and enables to assess molecular conservation in islet biology across species for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Moritz Thomas
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Schmid
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Schubert
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, 85748 Garching b. Munich, Germany.
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Hendijani F, Hosseini FS. Interindividual variability in diabetic patients’ response to opium poppy: an overview of impressive factors. Per Med 2022; 19:155-163. [PMID: 35220727 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients always seek alternative treatments to lower their blood glucose level efficiently, because antidiabetic drugs produce adverse effects and many patients experience reduced response after a treatment period. Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum) is frequently consumed by diabetic patients for reduction of blood glucose level. Scientific studies found controversial results in the investigation of the blood glucose-lowering effects of opium poppy. In this regard, we explored the antidiabetic effect of opium poppy more closely. The antidiabetic or antihyperglycemic effect of P. somniferum alkaloids were reviewed. Next, opioid receptors and their role in diabetes were explored. In the final part origins of interindividual variabilities in opioid receptors and metabolizing enzymes’ functions including genetic and epigenetic factors were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hendijani
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Toledo FGS, Martin WF, Morrow L, Beysen C, Bajorunas D, Jiang Y, Silverman BL, McDonnell D, Namchuk MN, Newcomer JW, Graham C. Insulin and glucose metabolism with olanzapine and a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan: exploratory phase 1 results in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:696-703. [PMID: 34887529 PMCID: PMC8782841 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A combination of olanzapine and samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) received US Food and Drug Administration approval in May 2021 for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. OLZ/SAM provides the efficacy of olanzapine, while mitigating olanzapine-associated weight gain. This exploratory study characterized the metabolic profile of OLZ/SAM in healthy volunteers to gain mechanistic insights. Volunteers received once-daily oral 10 mg/10 mg OLZ/SAM, 10 mg olanzapine, or placebo for 21 days. Assessments included insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, other measures of glucose/lipid metabolism, and adverse event (AE) monitoring. Treatment effects were estimated with analysis of covariance. In total, 60 subjects were randomized (double-blind; placebo, n = 12; olanzapine, n = 24; OLZ/SAM, n = 24). Olanzapine resulted in hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity during an OGTT at day 19, changes not observed with OLZ/SAM or placebo. Insulin sensitivity, measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, was decreased in all treatment groups relative to baseline, but this effect was greatest with olanzapine and OLZ/SAM. Although postprandial (OGTT) glucose and fasting cholesterol concentrations were similarly increased with olanzapine or OLZ/SAM, other early metabolic effects were distinct, including post-OGTT C-peptide concentrations and aspects of energy metabolism. Forty-nine subjects (81.7%) experienced at least 1 AE, most mild or moderate in severity. OLZ/SAM appeared to mitigate some of olanzapine's unfavorable postprandial metabolic effects (e.g., hyperinsulinemia, elevated C-peptide) in this exploratory study. These findings supplement the body of evidence from completed or ongoing OLZ/SAM clinical trials supporting its role in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico G. S. Toledo
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Daiva Bajorunas
- Vault Bioventures, San Diego, CA USA ,Present Address: DBMD Consulting, Pompano Beach, FL USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- grid.422303.40000 0004 0384 9317Alkermes, Inc., Waltham, MA USA
| | | | - David McDonnell
- grid.472773.20000 0004 0384 2510Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark N. Namchuk
- grid.422303.40000 0004 0384 9317Alkermes, Inc., Waltham, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPresent Address: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - John W. Newcomer
- Thriving Mind South Florida, Miami, FL USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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Safaei F, Tamaddonfard E, Nafisi S, Imani M. Effects of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injection of cinnamaldehyde and yohimbine on blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in ketamine-xylazine induced acute hyperglycemia. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:149-156. [PMID: 34345380 PMCID: PMC8328254 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.106805.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of peripheral [intraperitoneal (IP)] and central [intracerebroventricular (ICV)] administration of cinnamaldehyde on concentrations of blood glucose and serum insulin in the acute hyperglycemia induced by ketamine/xylazine. Yohimbine (a α2-adrenoceptor antagonist) was used alone and in combination with cinnamaldehyde to explore the α2-adrenergic receptor contribution. A total of 48 rats were divided into eight groups with six rats in each for IP administration of normal saline, vehicle, cinnamaldehyde (25.00, 50.00 and 100 mg kg-1), yohimbine (0.50 and 2.00 mg kg-1) and cinnamaldehyde plus yohimbine. These rats were used again for ICV administration 15 days after the completion of IP experiment. During this 15 days period, the lateral ventricle of the brain was surgically cannulated for ICV administration of normal saline, vehicle, cinna-maldehyde (25.00, 50.00 and 100 µg per rat), yohimbine (5.00 and 20.00 µg per rat) and cinnamaldehyde plus yohimbine. Blood glucose levels were measured from tail blood using a glucometer and serum insulin concentrations were determined via enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kit. The increased levels of blood glucose and the decreased concentrations of serum insulin were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, by separate and combined IP and ICV administrations of cinnamaldehyde and yohimbine. The systemic effects of these chemical compounds were significantly greater than the central ones. Based on the results, it can be argued that cinnamaldehyde has a potential to induce anti-hyperglycemic and antihypoinsulinemic effects. Peripheral and central α2-adrenegic receptors might be involved in these effects of cinnamaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Safaei
- PhD Candidate, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Esmaeal Tamaddonfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Nafisi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Imani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Cao J, Wang H, Su JB, Wang XQ, Zhang DM, Wang XH, Liu WS, Ge XQ. Inverse relationship between serum adenosine deaminase levels and islet beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 34001220 PMCID: PMC8127294 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease, which characterized by islet beta cell dysfunction. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme that regulates the biological activity of insulin, and its levels are greatly increased in inflammatory diseases with insulin resistance. The present study was designed to explore the relationship between serum ADA levels and islet beta cell function in patients with T2D. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 1573 patients with T2D from the Endocrinology Department of the Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University between 2015 and 2018. All participants were received serum ADA test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity index (assessed by Matsuda index using C-peptide, ISIM-cp), insulin secretion index (assessed by ratio of area under the C-peptide curve to glucose curve, AUCcp/glu) and islet beta cell function (assessed by insulin secretion-sensitivity index 2 using C-peptide, ISSI2cp) were derived from OGTT. And other clinical parameters, such as HbA1c, were also collected. RESULTS It was showed that HbA1c was significantly increased, while ISIM-cp, AUCcp/glu and ISSI2cp significantly decreased, across ascending quartiles of serum ADA levels. Moreover, serum ADA levels were negatively correlated with ISSI2cp (r = - 0.267, p < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for other clinical parameters by multiple linear regression analysis, serum ADA levels were still independently associated with ISSI2cp (β = - 0.125, t = - 5.397, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.459). CONCLUSIONS Serum ADA levels are independently associated with islet beta cell function in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Jian-bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xue-qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Dong-mei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xiao-hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Wang-shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xiao-qin Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001 China
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Li M, Cui Z, Meng S, Li T, Kang T, Ye Q, Cao M, Bi Y, Meng H. Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010116. [PMID: 33396964 PMCID: PMC7823666 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhixin Cui
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Shuangli Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Tong Kang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Mengting Cao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yuxin Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0)20-8322-6383
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10
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Singh A, Enjapoori AK, Gibert Y, Dwyer KM. The protective effects of human milk-derived peptides on the pancreatic islet biology. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049304. [PMID: 32694188 PMCID: PMC7438016 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies support the protective role of breastfeeding in reducing the risk for type 1 diabetes. Human breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants and contains many complex proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. In this study, we examined the physiological effects of human milk-derived opioid peptides, β-casomorphins (BCM), and compared them with bovine-milk-derived opioid peptides on pancreatic hormone regulation and β-cell regeneration. Exposure of wild-type zebrafish embryos to 50 µg/ml of human BCM-5 and -7 from 3 days post fertilisation until 6 days post fertilisation resulted in an increased insulin domain of expression while exposure to bovine BCM-5 and -7 significantly reduced the insulin domain of expression as analysed by whole-mount in situ hybridisation. These changes may be accounted for by reduced insulin expression or β-cell number and were mitigated by the µ-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. The effect of BCM on β-cell regeneration was assessed following ablation of β-cells in Tg (ins: CFP-NTR) zebrafish from 3 days post fertilisation to 4 days post fertilisation, followed by exposure of bovine and human BCM-5 and -7 (50 µg/ml) from 4 days post fertilisation until 7 days post fertilisation. The regenerative capacity of β-cells was not impeded following exposure to human BCM-5 and -7, whereas the capacity of β-cells to regenerate following bovine BCM-5 and -7 exposure was reduced. Our data suggest that human BCM-5 and -7 may promote β-cell development and enable the regeneration of β-cells, while the bovine-milk-derived peptides, BCM-5 and -7, play an opposite role. These data may provide some biological explanation for the protective effect of breastfeeding on the development of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitoj Singh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ashwantha Kumar Enjapoori
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Yann Gibert
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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11
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Marchetti P, Suleiman M, De Luca C, Baronti W, Bosi E, Tesi M, Marselli L. A direct look at the dysfunction and pathology of the β cells in human type 2 diabetes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:83-93. [PMID: 32417220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β cells uniquely produce and secrete insulin under the control of several, integrated signals, to maintain blood glucose concentrations within a narrow physiological interval. β cell failure is key to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes, due to impaired function and reduced mass. In this review we focus on several features of human β cell dysfunction and pathology in type 2 diabetes, as revealed by direct assessment of isolated islet traits and examination of pancreatic tissue from organ donors, surgical samples or autoptic specimens. Insulin secretion defects and pathology findings are discussed in relation to some of the major underlying mechanisms, to also provide clues for conceiving better prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by targeting the pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmela De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Walter Baronti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Salarinasab S, Salimi L, Alidadiani N, Shokrollahi E, Arzhanga P, Karbasforush S, Marofi F, Nasirzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Nourazarian A, Nikanfar M. Interaction of opioid with insulin/IGFs signaling in Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:819-834. [PMID: 32026387 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with biochemical and histopathological changes characterized by molecular abnormalities. Due to the lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease, many attempts have been made to find potential therapies to reduce or even return neuronal loss after disease initiation. Alzheimer's disease is also touted as type III diabetes, showing an association with insulin signaling. The large distribution of the insulin receptor on the cell surface and its regulatory role in the central nervous system suggests that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease could be ascribed to insulin signaling. The interference of opioids, such as morphine with insulin signaling pathways, is thought to occur via direct crosstalk between the signaling pathways of the insulin receptor and the mu-opioid receptor. In this review article, we discuss the possible crosstalk between the mu-opioid receptor and insulin signaling pathways. The association of these two signaling pathways with Alzheimer's disease is also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Salarinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Alidadiani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elhameh Shokrollahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saedeh Karbasforush
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasirzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-14756, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki M, Aghaei M. A3 receptor agonist, Cl-IBMECA, potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion from MIN6 insulinoma cells possibly through transient Ca 2+ entry. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:107-114. [PMID: 31620186 PMCID: PMC6791172 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.253357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes incidence showed ascending trends in recent years indicating urgent need for new therapeutic agents. Extracellular adenosine signaling showed promising results. However, role of its A3 receptor in pancreatic β-cells proliferation and insulin secretion is not well established. Thus, we aimed to determine its main signaling mediators in MIN6 insulinoma cell line. A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) expression was confirmed using RT-PCR. Receptor functionality was evaluated by measurements of cAMP, using ELISA kit, and intracellular Ca2+ levels, using Fura 2/AM probe in response to the specific A3AR agonist (Cl- IBMECA). Insulin ELISA kit was used to measure insulin release. Herein, we mentioned that MIN6 cells express active form of A3AR, which decreased cAMP levels with the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 5.61. [Ca2+]i Levels transiently (approximately 120 sec) increased in response to the agonist. Cl-IBMECA increase insulin secretion at 0.01-1 μM, but showed an inhibitory effects at higher concentrations (1-10 μM). Altogether, we found that in MIN6 cells, A3AR, possibly through Ca2+ mediated signaling pathways, potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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