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Hage A, Janes M, Best SM. A No-Brainer! The Therapeutic Potential of TRIM Proteins in Viral and Central Nervous System Diseases. Viruses 2025; 17:562. [PMID: 40285004 PMCID: PMC12031127 DOI: 10.3390/v17040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins comprise an important class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate numerous biological processes including protein expression, cellular signaling pathways, and innate immunity. This ubiquitous participation in fundamental aspects of biology has made TRIM proteins a focus of study in many fields and has illuminated the negative impact they exert when functioning improperly. Disruption of TRIM function has been linked to the success of various pathogens and separately to the occurrence and development of several neurodegenerative diseases, making TRIM proteins an appealing candidate to study for novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current findings on TRIM proteins that demonstrate their analogous properties in the distinct fields of viral infection and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We also examine recent advancements in drug development and targeted protein degradation as potential strategies for TRIM-mediated therapeutic treatments and discuss the implications these technologies have on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hage
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (M.J.); (S.M.B.)
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2
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Han L, Zhao C, Jin F, Jiang R, Wu H. LINC02282 promotes DNA methylation of TRIM6 by recruiting DNMTs to inhibit the progression of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2025; 222:111224. [PMID: 39892584 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely linked to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which LINC02282, a significantly downregulated lncRNA in the GEO database, elicits neuroprotective effects on PD. LINC02282 was poorly expressed in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cells exposed to MPP+ and mice injected with MPTP. LINC02282 overexpression plasmids inhibited apoptosis and promoted the proliferation of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cells. In addition, LINC02282 overexpression using an adeno-associated virus reduced neuronal damage in PD mice. LINC02282 was mainly localized in the nucleus, and LINC02282 promoted the methylation of the tripartite motif-containing protein 6 (TRIM6) promoter to inhibit TRIM6 expression. LINC02282 bound to DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and LINC02282 overexpression increased the binding of DNMTs to the TRIM6 promoter. Overexpression of TRIM6 alone induced PD-like symptoms in mice and combined TRIM6 upregulation inhibited the neuroprotective effect of LINC02282 both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, LINC02282 alleviated neuronal injury in PD by recruiting DNMTs to the promoter region of TRIM6 and inhibiting TRIM6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Neurology, Anshan Hospital, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, PR China.
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Department of orthopedics department, Anshan Hospital, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of orthopedics department, Anshan Hospital, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, PR China
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Han Z, Zhu Y, Xia Z, Deng Q, He H, Yin Q, Zhang H, Yuan M, Yang C, Tian G, Mi J, Xu F. Genetic analyses identify circulating genes related to brain structures associated with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2025; 11:17. [PMID: 39809793 PMCID: PMC11733288 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and circulating molecular testing are potential methods for diagnosing and treating Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their relationships remain insufficiently studied. Using genome-wide association summary statistics, we found in the general population a genetic negative correlation between white matter tract mean diffusivity and PD (-0.17 < Rg < -0.11, p < 0.05), and a positive correlation with intracellular volume fraction (0.12 < Rg < 0.2, p < 0.05). Additionally, 1345 circulating genes causally linked with white matter tract diffusivity were enriched for muscle physiological abnormalities (padj < 0.05). Notable genes, including LRRC37A4P (effect size = 15.7, p = 1.23E-55) and KANSL1-AS1 (effect size = -15.3, p = 1.13E-52), were directly associated with PD. Moreover, 23 genes were found linked with genetically correlated PD-IDP pairs (PPH4 > 0.8), including SH2B1 and TRIM10. Our study bridges the gap between molecular genetics, neuroimaging, and PD pathology, and suggests novel targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenhong Xia
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongjie He
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Quanting Yin
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | | | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
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Zhang XY, Zhang JH, Li XC, Lu H, Liu TCY. Exercise-induced upregulation of TRIM9 attenuates neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease-like rat. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 144:113676. [PMID: 39580859 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise exerts protective effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the factors and mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which exercise exerts its protective effects against AD. METHODS Male 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 per group): control (CON), exercise control (EXE), sedentary AD model induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and AD model with treadmill exercise (EXE + STZ). The exercise groups underwent a 13-week treadmill exercise. An intracerebroventricular injection of STZ was used to induce a rat model of AD. The Barnes maze task was employed as an assessment of spatial learning and memory. Hippocampal tissues from three rats per group was collected for proteomic analysis. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction were performed for the evaluation of Aβ production, tau hyperphosphorylation, differential protein and corresponding signaling pathway. RESULTS Treadmill exercise could significantly improve STZ-induced cognitive dysfunction and provide neuroprotection by reducing Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Proteomic analysis and further studies demonstrated that treadmill training could significantly increase the expression of tripartite motif-containing 9 (TRIM9). Subsequent research indicated that the upregulation of TRIM9 maybe due, in part,to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing the pro-inflammatory factor, and exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Treadmill exercise attenuates cognitive decline in AD models by upregulating TRIM9 expression, which in turn inhibits NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that TRIM9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for immunomodulatory strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Open Mind Digital Life and Mental Model Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangzhou 518000, China.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Tu Y, Xu B. Esketamine induces tripartite motif-containing protein 24 to improve cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2024; 834:137836. [PMID: 38802052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Esketamine has been revealed to improve cognitive impairments under different conditions, while its function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been well characterized. We expounded the effects and detailed mechanism of esketamine in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice in the present study. The impaired spatial learning and memory retention of 3xTg-AD mice were ameliorated by esketamine, whereas tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) depletion reversed the ameliorative effects of esketamine in 3xTg-AD mice. Esketamine elevated the extent of PI3K and AKT phosphorylation in the hippocampus by promoting TRIM24 expression, and knockdown of TRIM24 impaired the PI3K/AKT pathway. AD-like mice had increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and elevated expression of GFAP and p-Tau. Esketamine reduced inflammation, but its therapeutic effect was reversed by TRIM24 knockdown. The PI3K/AKT pathway blockage exacerbated cognitive deficits and neuroinflammatory responses in mice. Thus, esketamine has the potential to improve the cognitive and memory functions of 3xTg-AD mice by repressing neuroinflammation by activating TRIM24 and the downstream PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbing Tu
- Department of Anesthesia, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou 215101, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou 215101, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Pan M, Li X, Xu G, Tian X, Li Y, Fang W. Tripartite Motif Protein Family in Central Nervous System Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:2567-2589. [PMID: 36988770 PMCID: PMC11410135 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein superfamily is a group of E3 ubiquitin ligases characterized by the conserved RING domain, the B-box domain, and the coiled-coil domain (RBCC). It is widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes, such as intracellular signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, oncogenesis, and innate immune response. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are composed of encephalopathy and spinal cord diseases, which have a high disability and mortality rate. Patients are often unable to take care of themselves and their life quality can be seriously declined. Initially, the function research of TRIM proteins mainly focused on cancer. However, in recent years, accumulating attention is paid to the roles they play in CNS diseases. In this review, we integrate the reported roles of TRIM proteins in the pathological process of CNS diseases and related signaling pathways, hoping to provide theoretical bases for further research in treating CNS diseases targeting TRIM proteins. TRIM proteins participated in CNS diseases. TRIM protein family is characterized by a highly conserved RBCC domain, referring to the RING domain, the B-box domain, and the coiled-coil domain. Recent research has discovered the relations between TRIM proteins and various CNS diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zheng L, Guo Q. The roles and targeting options of TRIM family proteins in tumor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999380. [PMID: 36249749 PMCID: PMC9561884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) containing proteins are a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are critically implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. They can function through regulating various aspects of tumors, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and the development of drug resistance during tumor therapy. Some members of TRIM family proteins can mediate protein ubiquitination and chromosome translocation via modulating several signaling pathways, like p53, NF-κB, AKT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and other molecular regulatory mechanisms. The multi-domain nature/multi-functional biological role of TRIMs implies that blocking just one function or one domain might not be sufficient to obtain the desired therapeutic outcome, therefore, a detailed and systematic understanding of the biological functions of the individual domains of TRIMs is required. This review mainly described their roles and underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression, and it might shade light on a potential targeting strategy for TRIMs in tumor treatment, especially using PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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