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de Oliveira Sant'Anna L, Dos Santos LS, Olivella JGB, da Cruz Mota M, Ramos JN, Baio PVP, da Rocha DJPG, Vieira VV, Almuzara M, Vay C, Barberis C, Castro TLDP, Seyffert N, Pacheco LGC, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Description of Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. isolated from a human tissue bone a novel member of Corynebacterium Genus. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01331-z. [PMID: 38598149 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium spp. are widely disseminated in the environment, and they are part of the skin and mucosal microbiota of animals and humans. Reports of human infections by Corynebacterium spp. have increased considerably in recent years and the appearance of multidrug resistant isolates around the world has drawn attention. OBJECTIVES To describe a new species of Corynebacterium from human tissue bone is described after being misidentified using available methods. METHODS For taxonomic analyses, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acid identity, multilocus sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome were used. FINDINGS Genomic taxonomic analyzes revealed values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acids identity below the values necessary for species characterization between the analyzed isolates and the closest phylogenetic relative Corynebacterium aurimucosum DSM 44532T. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Genomic taxonomic analyzes indicate that the isolates analyzed comprise a new species of the Corynebacterium genus, which we propose to name Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. with isolate 332T (= CBAS 826T = CCBH 35,014T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln de Oliveira Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Louisy Sanches Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil
| | - Julianna Giordano Botelho Olivella
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Cruz Mota
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nunes Ramos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil
| | | | | | - Verônica Viana Vieira
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry and Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vay
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Núbia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vinte e Oito de Setembro 87, Fundos, 3º andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:20551-030, Brazil
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Gaskin D, Springer D, Latha K, Gaskin PS, Reid A. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: A case report and review of the literature. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:50. [PMID: 37745152 PMCID: PMC10514567 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a case of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis. The clinical and radiological findings of the patient were consistent with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis is a rare subtype of mastitis with a distinct histological pattern that is associated with the Corynebacterium species. The diagnosis and treatment of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of available data. The present study describes a classic case of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis that includes clinical, radiological and histopathological findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case documenting radiological findings before and after treatment. This report encourages the consideration of this entity in the differential diagnoses of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gaskin
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11155, Barbados
| | - Dale Springer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados
| | - Kandamaran Latha
- Breast Screening Program, Barbados Cancer Society, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11155, Barbados
| | - Pamela S. Gaskin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados
| | - Alain Reid
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados
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Pinthanon A, Nithitarnwat C, Pintapin C, Siripanee C, Yindee J, Am-In N, Kesdangsakonwut S, Surachetpong S, Prapasarakul N. Rapid identification of canine uropathogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the clinical factors that correlated bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1457-1469. [PMID: 37036600 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method for bacterial diagnosis, rapid urine sample preparation can reduce time relapsing of diagnosis and improve discriminatory power in coinfection cases. We aimed to evaluate rapid urine preparation procedures before MALDI-TOF MS application using dog clinical urine samples in comparison with standard microbiological diagnostic methods by agreement analysis. We determined the frequency and distribution of bacteria and bacterial resistance and their correlations to clinical history. Three experimental procedures comprising direct centrifugation, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate digestion, and ultrasonic preparation were performed for method validation and sensitivity. Sterile urine containing Escherichia coli and/or Staphylococcus aureus were used as simulated samples. By ultrasonic preparation, the microorganisms could be detected 1.46-1.51 × 105 CFU, which was considered the most suitable technique. This preparation was significantly consistent with the routine method based on data from Hospital Information Systems for 50 urine samples from canine cystitis. By standard protocol, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were found in most of the 155 urine samples with cystitis. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 25-30% of the samples. Imipenem resistance was found in 70% of Acinetobacter baumannii cases; almost all were resistant to second-generation fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. The most efficient antibiotic for treating bacterial urinary tract infection was amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. A. baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to pradofloxacin. Prolonged urine catheterization was linked to lower urinary tract infections by Enterobacter spp., which also correlated with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artitaya Pinthanon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chayanan Nithitarnwat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chadaporn Pintapin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chonradee Siripanee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutthee Am-In
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sawang Kesdangsakonwut
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Diagnostic and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ramos JN, Baio PVP, Veras JFC, Vieira ÉMD, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Vieira VV. Novel configurations of type I-E CRISPR-Cas system in Corynebacterium striatum clinical isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:69-80. [PMID: 36477756 PMCID: PMC9944170 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that, through Cas proteins, promote the degradation of foreign nucleic acids such as phages and plasmids. We analyzed 10 genomes of Corynebacterium striatum clinical isolates from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the most emergent multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium species. All isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The occurrence and diversity of the CRISPR system were investigated by bioinformatics tools. Our analysis revealed that the isolates exhibited type I-E gene arrangements, and 3 more multidrug-resistant isolates, alternative type I-E gene arrangements, showing a divergent gene arrangement within the cas operon. Phylogenetic analysis of the cas1 gene of this type I-E CRISPR-Cas system alternative arrangement, termed here type I-E', showed a cluster in a distinct clade of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system. The systems' guanine-cytosine (GC) content is lower than the genomic DNA's GC content, and mobile genetic elements were found in some isolates near the CRISPR-Cas system. Most CRISPR spacers are unknown indicating that there is a reservoir of unexplored corynebacteriophages and plasmids. Some spacers showed perfect homologies with phage and plasmid sequences. Intact phage regions were found in 3 of our isolates, ranging from 9.1 to 43.8 kb, with regions showing similarity to Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium phages. Our results may contribute to research about the CRISPR-Cas system diversity in C. striatum, where there are no published data to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nunes Ramos
- Laboratório de Difteria E Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica (LDCIC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos, 3º Andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Victor Pereira Baio
- Laboratório Químico-Farmacêutico Do Exército Brasileiro (LQFEx), Ministério da Defesa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Flávio Carneiro Veras
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas (LIPMED), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Miranda Damásio Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas (LIPMED), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratório de Difteria E Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica (LDCIC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos, 3º Andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica Viana Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas (LIPMED), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liang Y, Zhan H, Krishnamurti U, Harigopal M, Sun T. Further Characterization of Clinicopathologic Features of Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:488-493. [PMID: 35899981 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical and demographic features of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) have not been fully explored due to the rarity of the disease. Herein we studied clinicopathologic characteristics of CNGM in a sizable hospital-based cohort. METHODS A case-control study was performed to compare clinicopathologic characteristics between patients with CNGM and granulomatous mastitis other than CNGM and between CNGM with and without Corynebacterium identification. RESULTS Cases of CNGM (n = 31) and non-CNGM (n = 30) were included. Compared with the non-CNGM group, patients with CNGM were statistically significantly younger (median age: 38 vs 43 years), were less likely to be smokers (9% vs 40%), were more likely to have a painful lesion (97% vs 77%) or a larger mass-like lesion (median size: 4.6 vs 1.9 cm), and tended to have a higher Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score in radiologic studies (score ≥4: 81% vs 53%), positive Corynebacterium identification results (36% vs 0%), and a longer resolving time (12 vs 6 months; all P values for above comparisons <.05). Among CNGM cases, patients with and without Corynebacterium identification shared a similar clinicopathologic profile. CONCLUSIONS Our study further demonstrated that CNGM is a unique infectious disease with distinct clinicopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haiying Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Park S, Shin H, Kim S, Lee T, Lee H, Nam K, Yoon W, Kim H, Seo Y, Won Y, Kwon H. Distribution of Corynebacterium Species and Comparative Results of Diagnostic Methods for Identifying Corynebacterium in Experimental Mice in Korea. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070328. [PMID: 35878345 PMCID: PMC9318398 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Experimental mice are the most commonly used laboratory animals for biomedical research and comparative studies. However, microbial infection may alter the mouse phenotype and confound interpretation results. The genus Corynebacterium, Gram-positive diphtheroid rod-shaped bacteria, induces severe diseases, such as hyperkeratosis and pseudotuberculosis, in immunodeficient mice. In this report, we described the population of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from laboratory mice in Korea using different approaches, comparing the accuracy and problems associated with each method. When identified based on molecular methods such as 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence analysis, the main Corynebacterium species were C. mastitidis (44.8%), C. bovis (25.5%), C. lowii (21.2%), and C. amycolatum (8.5%). In addition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) yielded results that were 77.9% identical to the molecular results, whereas biochemical methods showed only 15.5% identical to molecular identification. Collectively, our findings indicate that the different results may be obtained depending on the method used to identify Corynebacterium isolated from experimental mice, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate Corynebacterium identification method in obtaining accurate identification results. This result will help to increase the reliability of Corynebacterium diagnosis result from experimental mice. Abstract The genus Corynebacterium, composed of Gram-positive diphtheroid rod-shaped bacteria, induces severe diseases, such as Corynebacterium-associated hyperkeratosis and pseudotuberculosis, in immunodeficient mice. We isolated and identified a total of 165 strains of Corynebacterium species from experimental mice in Korean laboratories, diagnosed using several methods. When identified based on molecular methods, namely, 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence analysis, the main Corynebacterium species isolated in Korean laboratory mice were C. mastitidis (44.8%, n = 74), C. bovis (25.5%, n = 42), C. lowii (21.2%, n = 35), and C. amycolatum (8.5%, n = 14). Diagnoses were also performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and biochemical methods. MALDI-TOF MS yielded results that were 77.9% identical to the molecular identification results, whereas biochemical methods showed only 15.5% identical to molecular identification, partly owing to difficulties in distinguishing among C. mastitidis strains. Collectively, our findings indicate that molecular biological methods are better suited for detecting and identifying Corynebacterium species candidates isolated from mice than biochemical methods. Because of limitations associated with the use of MALDI-TOF MS, more precise results will be obtained by complementing this approach with other methods when used for rapid identification testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hijo Shin
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Sangwoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Teakchang Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Haejin Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kihoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wonkee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hyoungchin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngwon Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngsuk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (T.L.); (H.L.); (K.N.); (W.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyojung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.K.)
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de Oliveira Sant’Anna L, Cappelli EA, Batista Araújo MR, Ramos JN, Simpson-Lourêdo L, Cucinelli ADES, Pereira Baio PV, Vieira VV, Sanches dos Santos L, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Virulence potential of the first Corynebacterium mycetoides strain isolated from human urine: a rare species of Corynebacterium. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Classification of 27 Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii-Like Isolates Associated with Mastitis in China and Descriptions of C. parakroppenstedtii sp. nov. and C. pseudokroppenstedtii sp. nov. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0137221. [PMID: 35289670 PMCID: PMC9045094 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01372-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium, particularly Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, has been increasingly recognized as an important pathogen causing mastitis. However, no clear taxonomic, microbiological, or clinical identification for C. kroppenstedtii-related Corynebacterium species is recognized. During the investigation of isolates cultured from female patients with mastitis, 27 lipophilic C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from clinical breast specimens from 2017 to 2019 in Guangzhou, China. These isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and fusA genes, and whole-genome sequencing methods. By phylogenetic analyses, two major clusters were identified that were closely related to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T. Comparative genome analyses suggested that these isolates formed two distinct genospecies within the genus Corynebacterium. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values for the two genospecies were 45.5 to 47.8% between them and 47.4 to 47.7% and 49.9% to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these isolates need to be recognized as two new species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which we proposed the names Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii sp. nov. and Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii sp. nov. The type strain for the novel species Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii is MC-26T (NBRC 115146T; CCTCC AB 2020210T), and that for Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii is MC-17XT (NBRC 115143T; CCTCC AB 2020199T). IMPORTANCE In this study, we characterized two novel species that were closely related to but hard to distinguish from C. kroppenstedtii by routine identification methods used in clinical laboratories. Since all 27 C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from breast specimens of female patients with mastitis, they may be potential pathogens causing mastitis. We hope to perform further epidemiological investigation of these strains and explore their role in mastitis.
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Fong P, Butel-Simoes G, Francis MJ, Korman TM, Graham M. Corynebacterium macginleyi in the era of MALDI-TOF MS: epidemiology, susceptibility patterns and prevalence of co-infection. Pathology 2021; 54:336-343. [PMID: 34635321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium macginleyi has long been associated with ocular infections and has more recently been rarely implicated in systemic infections. There is a paucity of literature regarding the rate of C. macginleyi co-infection with other bacterial and viral pathogens and regarding the incidence of C. macginleyi infection in the paediatric population. In this study, we report 30 isolates of C. macginleyi of ocular origin from 26 patients, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The rates of co-isolation with bacterial and viral pathogens were 62% (n=16/26) and 39% (n=5/13), respectively, in this study. Of these, 13 patients had molecular testing performed as requested by treating clinicians for either the Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR or herpes/enterovirus/adenovirus multiplex PCR. All isolates tested susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, with variable resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin and penicillin using EUCAST breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peivern Fong
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
| | | | | | - Tony M Korman
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Maryza Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Ozdemir S, Aydogan O, Koksal Cakirlar F. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Non-Diphtheria Corynebacterium Strains Isolated from Blood Cultures: First Report from Turkey. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:123-129. [PMID: 34239764 PMCID: PMC8226407 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.60252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains have been recognized as important pathogens after decades of confusion regarding their microbiological classification and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to identify non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains and the prevalence of biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Method In total, 126 non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients with bacteremia in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Blood cultures were analyzed with the Bactec-9120 system. Strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on a Mueller-Hinton agar and evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Biofilm formation was assessed with the Congo Red Agar method. Results Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii were the most prevalent with 29 and 26 isolates, respectively. Biofilm production was detected in 62.06% (18/29) of C. striatum, in 53.8% (14/26) of C. matruchotii, in 50% (9/18) of Corynebacterium afermentans, 50% (6/12) of Corynebacterium amycolatum, and in 46% (7/15) of Corynebacterium jeikeium strains. Among the five most prevalent strains, we found a high biofilm rate of 54%. The resistance rates to penicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were 91.2%, 87.3%, 79.3%, 56.3%, 45.2%, and 39.6%, respectively. All 126 strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with bacteremia may have multidrug resistance and the ability to produce biofilm. These results emphasize the importance of identifying strains and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Ozdemir
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan Aydogan
- Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Koksal Cakirlar
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Milosavljevic MN, Milosavljevic JZ, Kocovic AG, Stefanovic SM, Jankovic SM, Djesevic M, Milentijevic MN. Antimicrobial treatment of Corynebacterium striatum invasive infections: a systematic review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e49. [PMID: 34161555 PMCID: PMC8216692 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an evidence-based guideline for the
antibiotic treatment of Corynebacterium striatum infections.
Several electronic databases were systematically searched for clinical trials,
observational studies or individual cases on patients of any age and gender with
systemic inflammatory response syndrome, harboring C. striatum
isolated from body fluids or tissues in which it is not normally present.
C. striatum had to be identified as the only causative
agent of the invasive infection, and its isolation from blood, body fluids or
tissues had to be confirmed by one of the more advanced diagnostic methods
(biochemical methods, mass spectrometry and/or gene sequencing). This systematic
review included 42 studies that analyzed 85 individual cases with various
invasive infections caused by C. striatum. More than one
isolate of C. striatum exhibited 100% susceptibility to
vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, piperacillin-tazobactam,
amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime. On the other hand, some strains of this
bacterium showed a high degree of resistance to fluoroquinolones, to the
majority majority of β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides and
cotrimoxazole. Despite the antibiotic treatment, fatal outcomes were reported in
almost 20% of the patients included in this study. Gene sequencing methods
should be the gold standard for the identification of C.
striatum, while MALDI-TOF and the Vitek system can be used as
alternative methods. Vancomycin should be used as the antibiotic of choice for
the treatment of C. striatum infections, in monotherapy or in
combination with piperacillin-tazobactam. Alternatively, linezolid, teicoplanin
or daptomycin may be used in severe infections, while amoxicillin-clavulanate
may be used to treat mild infections caused by C. striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos N Milosavljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Z Milosavljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar G Kocovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Srdjan M Stefanovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan M Jankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miralem Djesevic
- Private Policlinic Center Eurofar Sarajevo, Cardiology Department, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica N Milentijevic
- University of Priština, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pristina, Serbia
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12
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Virulence of clinically relevant multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains and their ability to adhere to human epithelial cells and inert surfaces. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104887. [PMID: 33894290 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a nosocomial pathogen which is increasingly associated with serious infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. However, little is known about virulence factors and mechanisms that may enhance the establishment and long-term survival of Corynebacterium striatum. in the hospital environment. In this study, we investigated the ability of 22 multidrug-resistant C. striatum clinical isolates to adhere to human epithelial cells and to produce biofilm on polystyrene plates, glass and various tracheostomy tubes. We also tested the virulence of these strains on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. They showed good adhesion to epithelial human cells after 180 min of infection. The 22 C. striatum were able to produce biofilms on positively and negatively charged abiotic surfaces at 37 °C. They were also able to infect and to kill Caenorhabditis elegans after 5 days of infection. The virulence condition was associated with the presence of SpaDEF operon encoding pili in all strains. This study provides new insights on virulence mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of C. striatum in the hospital environment, increasing the probability of causing nosocomial infections.
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13
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Sanchez Eluchans N, Barberis C, Cittadini R, Ozuna Villca AM, Veiga MF, Vilches V, Vay C, Almuzara M. [Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii breast infections: Report of four cases]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:304-308. [PMID: 33627222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is an immobile, non-sporulated, glucose-fermenting and lipophilic gram-positive rod of the skin microbiota. In recent years, numerous isolates of this species have been reported mainly in breast infections, such as abscesses and granulomatous mastitis. We present here four cases of C. kroppenstedtii infections isolated from breast aspiration samples in women. C. kroppenstedtii was identified by conventional methodology and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Using the epsilometric method, these isolates showed susceptibility to penicillin, ceftriaxone, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin, and variable susceptibility to clindamycin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Due to the association of C. kroppenstedtii with mammary infections, the identification at the species level of those corynebacteria isolated from this location is highly advisable in order to reach the final diagnosis and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility in order to apply the appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Sanchez Eluchans
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Catedra de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Catedra de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Cittadini
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Florencia Veiga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Catedra de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Vilches
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Hospital Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Catedra de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Bacteriología Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Catedra de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Xu S, Qiu X, Hou X, Zhou H, Chen D, Wang X, Han L, Li D, Sun L, Ji X, Li M, Zhang J, Li M, Li Z. Direct detection of Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium propinquum, and Corynebacterium simulans in sputum samples by high-resolution melt curve analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33413116 PMCID: PMC7788810 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary infections caused by non-diphtheriae corynebacteria are increasing. However, rapid identification of Corynebacterium species poses a challenge due to the low genetic variation within the genus. METHODS Three reference strains and 99 clinical isolates were used in this study. A qPCR followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) targeting ssrA was performed to simultaneously identify C. striatum, C. propinquum and C. simulans. To further evaluate this assay's performance, 88 clinical sputum samples were tested by HRM and the detection results were compared with those of the traditional culture method and multiple cross-displacement amplification (MCDA) assay. RESULTS The melting curve produced by a pair of universal primers generated species-specific HRM curve profiles and could distinguish the three target species from other related bacteria. The limit of detection of HRM assay for DNA from the three purified Corynebacterium species was 100 fg. Compared with the culture method, HRM detected 22 additional positive specimens, representing a 23.9% relative increase in detection rate. The HRM assay had 98.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5-99.9%) sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 82.8-100%) specificity. Additionally, 95.5% concordance between HRM and MCDA (κ = 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99]) was noted. CONCLUSIONS The HRM assay was a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for detecting C. striatum, C. propinquum, and C. simulans, with the potential to contribute to early diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and rapid response to outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongke Chen
- Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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15
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Effectiveness of Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:560-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Li XQ, Wu HL, Yuan JP, Liu TG, Sun SR, Chen C. Bacteria Associated with Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and the Potential for Personalized Therapy. J INVEST SURG 2020; 35:164-170. [PMID: 33059500 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1833262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), also known as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), is a chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast. The incidence of GLM has been increasing in recent years, especially among young women. The etiologies of GLM have not been fully elucidated but are associated with autoimmunity and bacterial infection. Bacteria, especially Corynebacterium species, play important roles in GLM. In this article, we review research progress regarding the bacteriology of GLM attained with the application of several new high-throughput detection techniques. Accurate detection might be important for deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis of GLM and hold promise for personalized GLM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qian Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong-Li Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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17
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Phylogenomic characterisation of a novel corynebacterial species pathogenic to animals. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1225-1239. [PMID: 32500295 PMCID: PMC7334274 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Corynebacterium includes species of biotechnological, medical and veterinary importance. An atypical C. ulcerans strain, W25, was recently isolated from a case of necrotizing lymphadenitis in a wild boar. In this study, we have analysed the genome sequence of this strain and compared the phenotypic and virulence properties with other corynebacterial pathogens. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain W25 belongs to a novel species along with PO100/5 and KL1196. The latter strains were isolated from a pig and a roe deer, respectively; hence, this species appears to be associated to animals. The isolate W25 is likely a non-toxigenic tox gene bearing strain and may have compromised abilities to adhere to pharyngeal and laryngeal epithelial cells due to potential loss of the gene functions in spaBC and spaDEF pilus gene clusters. A number of corynebacterial virulence genes are present including pld encoding phospholipase D. Therefore, this strain may be able to cause severe invasive infections in animals and zoonotic infections in humans.
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18
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Anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of four essential oils against multidrug-resistant bacterial clinical isolates. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Wu JM, Turashvili G. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: an update. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:445-453. [PMID: 32094275 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is a rare subtype of granulomatous mastitis with a highly distinct histological pattern often associated with Corynebacterium species. CNGM is characterised by suppurative lipogranulomas that are composed of central lipid vacuoles rimmed by neutrophils and an outer cuff of epithelioid histiocytes. Some of the lipid vacuoles may contain sparse, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacilli that can be easily missed or dismissed. The surrounding mixed inflammatory infiltrate contains Langhans-type giant cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. CNGM occurs in reproductive age women with a history of pregnancy and typically presents as a palpable mass that can be painful. CNGM has many mimickers, most significantly breast carcinoma. In many cases, CNGM has significant pathological and clinical overlap with other forms of granulomatous mastitis. Given the association with Corynebacterium species, early diagnosis of CNGM is essential in offering patients the most appropriate treatment. Prolonged antibiotic therapy specifically directed to corynebacteria is required, sometimes even beyond resolution of clinical symptoms. This comprehensive review of the existing literature on CNGM describes clinical-pathological features, microbiological findings, challenges associated with the microscopic differential diagnosis, clinical implications of this diagnosis and emerging treatment options. Morphological criteria and suggested comments to convey the degree of diagnostic certainty are also proposed for standard pathology reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Rau J, Eisenberg T, Peters M, Berger A, Kutzer P, Lassnig H, Hotzel H, Sing A, Sting R, Contzen M. Reliable differentiation of a non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing Corynebacterium ulcerans variant frequently isolated from game animals using MALDI-TOF MS. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108399. [PMID: 31585651 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium (C.) ulcerans is a zoonotic member of the C. diphtheriae group and is known to cause abscesses in humans and several animal species. Toxigenic strains, expressing the tox gene encoding diphtheria toxin, are also able to cause diphtheria in humans. In recent years, a non-toxigenic but tox gene-bearing (NTTB) variant of C. ulcerans has been identified that was frequently isolated from clinically healthy as well as from diseased wildlife animals, especially wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) in Germany and Austria. The described clinical cases showed similar signs of disease and the isolated corynebacteria displayed common genetic features as well as similar spectroscopic characteristics, therefore being assigned to a so called wild boar cluster (WBC). This study describes the establishment and validation of a method using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for a reliable differentiation between various members of the C. diphtheriae group at species level as well as a reliable sub-level identification of C. ulcerans isolates of the WBC variant. For this study 93 C. ulcerans isolates from wildlife animals, 41 C. ulcerans isolates from other animals and humans, and 53 isolates from further representatives of the C. diphtheriae group, as well as 26 non-diphtheriae group Corynebacteria collected via the MALDI user platform from seven MALDI users were used. By assigning 86 C. ulcerans isolates to the WBC the extensive geographical distribution of this previously less noticed variant in two Central European countries could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rau
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart (CVUAS), Schaflandstr. 3/2, 70367 Fellbach, Germany.
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor (LHL), Schubertstr. 60 - Haus 13, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Zur Taubeneiche 10-12, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany.
| | - Anja Berger
- National Consiliar Laboratory on Diphtheria, Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Peter Kutzer
- Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg (LLBB), Gerhard-Neumann-Str. 2, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.
| | - Heimo Lassnig
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH (AGES), Beethovenstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Sing
- National Consiliar Laboratory on Diphtheria, Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Sting
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart (CVUAS), Schaflandstr. 3/2, 70367 Fellbach, Germany; Consiliar Laboratory for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (DVG).
| | - Matthias Contzen
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart (CVUAS), Schaflandstr. 3/2, 70367 Fellbach, Germany.
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21
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Seth-Smith HMB, Egli A. Whole Genome Sequencing for Surveillance of Diphtheria in Low Incidence Settings. Front Public Health 2019; 7:235. [PMID: 31497588 PMCID: PMC6713046 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) is a relatively rare pathogen in most Western countries. While toxin producing strains can cause pharyngeal diphtheria with potentially fatal outcomes, the more common presentation is wound infections. The diphtheria toxin is encoded on a prophage and can also be carried by Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Currently, across Europe, infections are mainly diagnosed in travelers and refugees from regions where diphtheria is more endemic, patients from urban areas with poor hygiene, and intravenous drug users. About half of the cases are non-toxin producing isolates. Rapid identification of the bacterial pathogen and toxin production is a critical element of patient and outbreak management. Beside the immediate clinical management of the patient, public health agencies should be informed of toxigenic C. diphtheriae diagnoses as soon as possible. The collection of case-related epidemiological data from the patient is often challenging due to language barriers and social circumstances. However, information on patient contacts, vaccine status and travel/refugee route, where appropriate, is critical, and should be documented. In addition, isolates should be characterized using high resolution typing, in order to identify transmissions and outbreaks. In recent years, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has become the gold standard of high-resolution typing methods, allowing detailed investigations of pathogen transmissions. De-centralized sequencing strategies with redundancy in sequencing capacities, followed by data exchange may be a valuable future option, especially since WGS becomes more available and portable. In this context, the sharing of sequence data, using public available platforms, is essential. A close interaction between microbiology laboratories, treating physicians, refugee centers, social workers, and public health officials is a key element in successful management of suspected outbreaks. Analyzing bacterial isolates at reference centers may further help to provide more specialized microbiological techniques and to standardize information, but this is also more time consuming during an outbreak. Centralized communication strategies between public health agencies and laboratories helps considerably in establishing and coordinating effective surveillance and infection control. We review the current literature on high-resolution typing of C. diphtheriae and share our own experience with the coordination of a Swiss-German outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Detection and virulence potential of a phospholipase D-negative Corynebacterium ulcerans from a concurrent diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis case. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1055-1065. [PMID: 30771116 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria by Corynebacterium ulcerans is increasingly occurring in children, adolescents and adults. In addition to diphtheria toxin (DT), phospholipase D (PLD) is considered a virulence factor of C. ulcerans. In the present study, a first case of concurrent diphtheria by a PLD-negative C. ulcerans and infectious mononucleosis (IM) was verified. Clinical and microbiological profiles and binding properties to human Fibrinogen (Fbg), Fibronectin (Fn) and type I collagen (col I) biotinylated proteins and virulence to Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated for C. ulcerans strain 2590 (clinical isolate) and two control strains, including PLD-positive BR-AD22 wild type and PLD-negative ELHA-1 PLD mutant strains. MALDI-TOF assays and a multiplex PCR of genes coding for potentially toxigenic corynebacteria identified strain 2590 as non-DT producing. Interestingly, strain 2590 did not express PLD activity in the CAMP test although the presence of the pld gene was verified. PLD-negative 2590 and a PLD-positive 210932 strains showed similar affinity to Fbg, Fn and type I collagen. C. elegans were able to escape from C. ulcerans strains, independent of PLD and DT production. Higher mortality of nematodes was verified for PLD-negative strains. Additional studies concerning multifactorial virulence potential of C. ulcerans, including environmental conditions remain necessary.
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Suh JW, Ju Y, Lee CK, Sohn JW, Kim MJ, Yoon YK. Molecular epidemiology and clinical significance of Corynebacterium striatum isolated from clinical specimens. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:161-171. [PMID: 30655682 PMCID: PMC6324608 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s184518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the clinical epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of Corynebacterium striatum isolates. Patients and methods An observational study was conducted at a university hospital in the Republic of Korea from August to December 2016. All subjects were patients who tested positive for C. striatum clinically. Clinical data were analyzed to evaluate the microbiological and genotypic characteristics of C. striatum strains. Results Sixty-seven C. striatum isolates recovered from non-duplicated patients were characterized. Patients were classified into three groups according to the infection type: nosocomial infection (71.6%), health care-associated infection (8.7%), and community-acquired infection (18.8%). The most common clinical specimens were urine (35.8%) and skin abscesses (32.8%). Fifty-two (77.6%) isolates showed multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to ≥3 different antibiotic families. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Resistance to other antibiotics varied: penicillin (n=65; 97.0%), ampicillin (n=63; 94.0%), cefotaxime (n=64; 95.5%), and levofloxacin (n=61; 91.0%). Phylogenetic analysis identified all 16 S rRNA gene sequences of the 67 isolates as those of C. striatum, where 98%–99% were homologous to C. striatum ATCC 6940. In multilocus sequence typing for internal transcribed spacer region, gyrA, and rpoB sequencing, the most predominant sequence types (STs) were ST2, ST3, ST6, and ST5. Conclusion C. striatum isolates may cause opportunistic infections associated with nosocomial infections through horizontal transmission. The presence of multidrug resistance and intra-hospital dissemination implicate C. striatum isolates as a potential target pathogen for infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woong Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Yongguk Ju
- Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Wook Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Presenting as a Breast Pseudotumor: Case Reports with Review of the Literature. Case Rep Rheumatol 2018; 2018:4264012. [PMID: 30687557 PMCID: PMC6327269 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4264012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign inflammatory breast disease that affects women of childbearing age with a history of breastfeeding. It usually presents as an enlarging breast mass that can greatly mimic breast cancer. Moreover, it does not have a specific radiographic finding, so the only way to reach a definitive diagnosis is by core biopsy and histology. Furthermore, a consensus regarding the best treatment modality has not been reached yet. In this report, we describe the cases of two patients who suffered from this disease, and to our knowledge, such a report is the first of its kind to address this topic in this region. Therefore, because of its uncommon nature and obscure presentation, we hereby report two cases of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. The clinical presentation, treatment, and pathological findings are described, and a literature review on idiopathic granulomatous mastitis will be reported.
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Kang SJ, Choi SM, Choi JA, Choi JU, Oh TH, Kim SE, Kim UJ, Won EJ, Jang HC, Park KH, Shin JH, Kweon SS, Jung SI. Factors affecting the clinical relevance of Corynebacterium striatum isolated from blood cultures. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199454. [PMID: 29928059 PMCID: PMC6013186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify clinical or microbiological factors affecting the clinical relevance of Corynebacterium striatum isolated from blood cultures. A total of 64 isolates from 51 patients identified as C. striatum by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were assessed. More than two blood cultures were positive in 25 (48.1%) patients. Diabetes, solid tumor, and a history of previous exposure to antibiotics were more common in patients with multiple positive blood cultures. Charlson comorbidity scores were also higher, and more isolates were recovered after 48 hours of hospital stay in patients with multiple positive blood cultures. Strains recovered from patients with multiple positive blood cultures produced significantly more biofilm. Based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), sequence type (ST) 20 (31.3%) was the most dominant, followed by ST2 (20.3%) and ST23 (10.9%). There was no relationship between the number of positive blood culture sets and sequence typing. In multivariate analyses, Carlson comorbidity score (odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–3.36; P = 0.03) and biofilm formation were associated with multiple positive blood cultures (OR, 17.43; 95% CI, 3.71–81.91; P = 0.03). This study provides evidence that the biofilm phenotype could contribute to determining the clinical significance of C. striatum in patients with severe underlying conditions. The predominance of certain STs suggests the relatedness of C. striatum infection and the nosocomial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ji Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su-Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin Un Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Uh Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Chang Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Santos AS, Ramos RT, Silva A, Hirata R, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Meyer R, Azevedo V, Felicori L, Pacheco LGC. Searching whole genome sequences for biochemical identification features of emerging and reemerging pathogenic Corynebacterium species. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:593-610. [PMID: 29752561 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical tests are traditionally used for bacterial identification at the species level in clinical microbiology laboratories. While biochemical profiles are generally efficient for the identification of the most important corynebacterial pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae, their ability to differentiate between biovars of this bacterium is still controversial. Besides, the unambiguous identification of emerging human pathogenic species of the genus Corynebacterium may be hampered by highly variable biochemical profiles commonly reported for these species, including Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium minutissimum, and Corynebacterium xerosis. In order to identify the genomic basis contributing for the biochemical variabilities observed in phenotypic identification methods of these bacteria, we combined a comprehensive literature review with a bioinformatics approach based on reconstruction of six specific biochemical reactions/pathways in 33 recently released whole genome sequences. We used data retrieved from curated databases (MetaCyc, PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC), The SEED, TransportDB, UniProtKB) associated with homology searches by BLAST and profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to detect enzymes participating in the various pathways and performed ab initio protein structure modeling and molecular docking to confirm specific results. We found a differential distribution among the various strains of genes that code for some important enzymes, such as beta-phosphoglucomutase and fructokinase, and also for individual components of carbohydrate transport systems, including the fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) and the ribose-specific ATP-binging cassette (ABC) transporter. Horizontal gene transfer plays a role in the biochemical variability of the isolates, as some genes needed for sucrose fermentation were seen to be present in genomic islands. Noteworthy, using profile HMMs, we identified an enzyme with putative alpha-1,6-glycosidase activity only in some specific strains of C. diphtheriae and this may aid to understanding of the differential abilities to utilize glycogen and starch between the biovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Santos
- Bioinformatics Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rommel T Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Bioinformatics Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Liza Felicori
- Bioinformatics Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Zasada AA, Mosiej E. Contemporary microbiology and identification of Corynebacteria spp. causing infections in human. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:472-483. [PMID: 29573441 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria of growing clinical importance. Progress in medicine results in growing population of immunocompromised patients and growing number of infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. A new infections caused by new Corynebacterium species and species previously regarded as commensal micro-organisms have been described. Parallel with changes in Corynebacteria infections, the microbiological laboratory diagnostic possibilities are changing. But identification of this group of bacteria to the species level remains difficult. In the paper, we present various manual, semi-automated and automated assays used in clinical laboratories for Corynebacterium identification, such as API Coryne, RapID CB Plus, BBL Crystal Gram Positive ID System, MICRONAUT-RPO, VITEK 2, BD Phoenix System, Sherlock Microbial ID System, MicroSeq Microbial Identification System, Biolog Microbial Identification Systems, MALDI-TOF MS systems, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and sequencing-based assays. The presented assays are based on various properties, like biochemical tests, specific DNA sequences, composition of cellular fatty acids, protein profiles and have specific limitations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The number of opportunistic infections caused by Corynebacteria is increasing due to increase in number of immunocompromised patients. New Corynebacterium species and new human infections, caused by this group of bacteria, has been described recently. However, identification of Corynebacteria is still a challenge despite application of sophisticated laboratory methods. In the study we present possibilities and limitations of various commercial systems for identification of Corynebacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zasada
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Mosiej
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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The Brief Case: Recurrent Granulomatous Mastitis Due to Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 54:1938-41. [PMID: 27458268 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03131-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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When Good Bugs Go Bad: Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Corynebacterium striatum, an Emerging Multidrug-Resistant, Opportunistic Pathogen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01111-17. [PMID: 28848008 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01111-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Corynebacterium striatum have been described in the literature over the last 2 decades, with the majority being bacteremia, central line infections, and occasionally, endocarditis. In recent years, the frequency of C. striatum infections appears to be increasing; a factor likely contributing to this is the increased ease and accuracy of the identification of Corynebacterium spp., including C. striatum, from clinical cultures. The objective of this study was to retrospectively characterize C. striatum isolates recovered from specimens submitted as part of routine patient care at a 1,250-bed, tertiary-care academic medical center. Multiple strain types were recovered, as demonstrated by repetitive-sequence-based PCR. Most of the strains of C. striatum characterized were resistant to antimicrobials commonly used to treat Gram-positive organisms, such as penicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenem, clindamycin, and tetracycline. The MIC50 for ceftaroline was >32 μg/ml. Although there are no interpretive criteria for susceptibility with telavancin, it appeared to have potent in vitro efficacy against this species, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.064 and 0.125 μg/ml, respectively. Finally, as previously reported in case studies, we demonstrated rapid in vitro development of daptomycin resistance in 100% of the isolates tested (n = 50), indicating that caution should be exhibited when using daptomycin for the treatment of C. striatum infections. C. striatum is an emerging, multidrug-resistant pathogen that can be associated with a variety of infection types.
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Santos CS, Ramos JN, Vieira VV, Pinheiro CS, Meyer R, Alcantara-Neves NM, Ramos RT, Silva A, Hirata R, Felicori L, de Alegría Puig CR, Navas J, Azevedo V, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Pacheco LGC. Efficient differentiation of Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium amycolatum and Corynebacterium xerosis clinical isolates by multiplex PCR using novel species-specific primers. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 142:33-35. [PMID: 28888870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex-PCR (mPCR) assay was designed with species-specific primers which generate amplicons of 226bp, 434bp and 106bp for differentiating the species C. striatum, C. amycolatum, and C. xerosis, respectively. mPCR results were 100% in agreement with identifications achieved by 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing and by VITEK-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Santos
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Ramos
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Veronica V Vieira
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Rommel T Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liza Felicori
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ruiz de Alegría Puig
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Rajamani Sekar S, Veeraraghavan B, Anandan S, Devanga Ragupathi N, Sangal L, Joshi S. Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies in the Vaccine era. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:354-365. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Rajamani Sekar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Christian Medical College; Vellore India
| | - B. Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Christian Medical College; Vellore India
| | - S. Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Christian Medical College; Vellore India
| | | | - L. Sangal
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office; New Delhi India
| | - S. Joshi
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office; New Delhi India
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Bao R, Gao X, Hu B, Zhou Z. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for identification of Corynebacterium species. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3239-3245. [PMID: 29221301 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a powerful tool that has initiated a revolution in the clinical microbiology laboratory for identification of nosocomial pathogens. The efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS produced by bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France (VITEK MS) for detecting Corynebacterium remains unknown. Methods Corynebacterium isolates were isolated from clinical specimen in a tertial teaching hospital from 2012 to 2013. All strains confirmed by rpoB sequencing were identified by API Coryne (bioMerieux), Phoenix (BD) and VITEK MS, respectively. The coincidence rate was used to evaluate the consistency and accuracy across three methods. Results In all, 75 Corynebacterium isolates were collected in this study. The dominant isolates were Corynebacterium striatum (58.7%), Corynebacterium jeikeium (16.0%), Corynebacterium amycolatum (5.3%), Corynebacterium urealyticum (5.3%), Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum (2.7%) and Corynebacterium minutissimum (2.7%). We found that there was no significant difference in the identification of corynebacterium to genus level by MS (100%, 75/75) or Phoenix (93.3%, 70/75) (P=0.058). However, 92.0% (69/75) strains were successfully identified to species by MS while which by Phoenix and API was 78.7% and 65.3% respectively. Compared with gene sequencing, the coincidence rate of identification by MS was significantly higher than Phoenix (P=0.036) and API (P<0.001). Compared with API Coryne (bioMerieux) and Phoenix, VITEK MS shown significant shorter detecting period and less cost. Conclusions VITEK MS was a powerful tool, which could be applied in clinical laboratory, improving the diagnosis for Corynebacterium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | | | | | - Zhaoyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
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Poor AP, Moreno LZ, Matajira CEC, Parra BM, Gomes VTM, Silva APS, Dutra MC, Christ APG, Barbosa MRF, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM. Characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. confusum and C. amycolatum isolated from sows with genitourinary infection. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:149-152. [PMID: 28757016 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Corynebacterium infection is still poorly studied, even though the pig has been described as an asymptomatic carrier of Corynebacterium species, including the zoonotic species C. ulcerans, C. confusum and C. amycolatum. Here we present the identification, molecular and antimicrobial susceptibility characterization of coryneform bacteria isolated from sows with urinary tract infection. C. diphtheriae, C. confusum and C. amycolatum were isolated from sows with urinary infection and metritis. Corynebacterium species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by 16S rRNA and rpoB sequencing. All porcine C. diphtheriae strains were further characterized as non-toxigenic (tox-). SE-AFLP genotyping was also performed and enabled not only Corynebacterium species differentiation but also the assessment of C. amycolatum genetic heterogeneity. All studied porcine Corynebacterium strains presented alarming resistance profiles with high MIC values for macrolides/lincosamide, tetracyclines and quinolones, which can be related with high usage in both veterinary and human medicine. Isolation of zoonotic Corynebacterium species from commercial swine is important for assessing the potential zoonotic risk for farmers and further implication for both human and animal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P Poor
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Z Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Matajira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Parra
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Vasco T M Gomes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio C Dutra
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G Christ
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr, 345; Pinheiros. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mikaela R F Barbosa
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr, 345; Pinheiros. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Z Sato
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr, 345; Pinheiros. São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87; Cidade Universitária. São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Angeletti S. Matrix assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 138:20-29. [PMID: 27613479 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological management of patients with suspected bacterial infection includes the identification of the pathogen and the determination of the antibiotic susceptibility. These traditional approaches, based on the pure culture of the microorganism, require at least 36-48h. A new method, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), has been recently developed to profile bacterial proteins from whole cell extracts and obtain a bacterial fingerprint able to discriminate microorganisms from different genera and species. By whole cell-mass spectrometry, microbial identification can be achieved within minutes from cultured isolate, rather than traditional phenotypic or genotypic characterizations. From the year 2009 an explosion of applications of this technology has been observed with promising results. Several studies have been performed and showed that MALDI-TOF represents a reliable alternative method for rapid bacteria and fungi identification in clinical setting. A future area of expansion is represented by the application of MALDI-TOF technology to the antibiotic susceptibility test. In conclusion, the revision of the literature available up to date demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS represents an innovative technology for the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial and fungal isolates in clinical settings. By an earlier microbiological diagnosis, MALDI-TOF MS contributes to a reduced mortality and hospitalization time of the patients and consequently has a significant impact on cost savings and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Angeletti
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy.
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Meinel DM, Kuehl R, Zbinden R, Boskova V, Garzoni C, Fadini D, Dolina M, Blümel B, Weibel T, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer AF, Bielicki JA, Dierig A, Heininger U, Konrad R, Berger A, Hinic V, Goldenberger D, Blaich A, Stadler T, Battegay M, Sing A, Egli A. Outbreak investigation for toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae wound infections in refugees from Northeast Africa and Syria in Switzerland and Germany by whole genome sequencing. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:1003.e1-1003.e8. [PMID: 27585943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae is an important and potentially fatal threat to patients and public health. During the current dramatic influx of refugees into Europe, our objective was to use whole genome sequencing for the characterization of a suspected outbreak of C. diphtheriae wound infections among refugees. After conventional culture, we identified C. diphtheriae using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and investigated toxigenicity by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed on a MiSeq Illumina with >70×coverage, 2×250 bp read length, and mapping against a reference genome. Twenty cases of cutaneous C. diphtheriae in refugees from East African countries and Syria identified between April and August 2015 were included. Patients presented with wound infections shortly after arrival in Switzerland and Germany. Toxin production was detected in 9/20 (45%) isolates. Whole genome sequencing-based typing revealed relatedness between isolates using neighbour-joining algorithms. We detected three separate clusters among epidemiologically related refugees. Although the isolates within a cluster showed strong relatedness, isolates differed by >50 nucleotide polymorphisms. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae associated wound infections are currently observed more frequently in Europe, due to refugees travelling under poor hygienic conditions. Close genetic relatedness of C. diphtheriae isolates from 20 refugees with wound infections indicates likely transmission between patients. However, the diversity within each cluster and phylogenetic time-tree analysis suggest that transmissions happened several months ago, most likely outside Europe. Whole genome sequencing offers the potential to describe outbreaks at very high resolution and is a helpful tool in infection tracking and identification of transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Meinel
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kuehl
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Zbinden
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Boskova
- Computational Evolution, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Garzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - D Fadini
- Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Mendrisio, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - M Dolina
- Clinical Microbiology, EOLAB, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - B Blümel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Weibel
- Clinical Microbiology, Labor Team W, Saint Gallen, Switzerland
| | - S Tschudin-Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A F Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Dierig
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U Heininger
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Konrad
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Berger
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - V Hinic
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Goldenberger
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Blaich
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Stadler
- Computational Evolution, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Battegay
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sing
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Egli
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tauch A, Fernández-Natal I, Soriano F. A microbiological and clinical review on Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 48:33-9. [PMID: 27155209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Corynebacterium represents a taxon of Gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in the genomic DNA. Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is an unusual member of this taxon as it lacks the characteristic mycolic acids in the cell envelope. Genome sequence analysis of the C. kroppenstedtii type strain has revealed a lipophilic (lipid-requiring) lifestyle and a remarkable repertoire of carbohydrate uptake and utilization systems. Clinical isolates of C. kroppenstedtii have been obtained almost exclusively from female patients and mainly from breast abscesses and cases of granulomatous mastitis. However, the role of C. kroppenstedtii in breast pathologies remains unclear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomy, microbiology, and microbiological identification of C. kroppenstedtii, including polyphasic phenotypic approaches, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A clinical review presents reported cases, various antimicrobial treatments, antibiotic susceptibility assays, and antibiotic resistance genes detected during genome sequencing. C. kroppenstedtii must be considered a potential opportunistic human pathogen and should be identified accurately in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tauch
- Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Isabel Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, calle Altos de Nava, s/n, 24080 León, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain.
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