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Wang S, Qin Q, Jiang D, Xiao Y, Ye L, Jiang X, Guo Q. Re-analysis of gene mutations found in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a new hypothesis on the etiology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338781. [PMID: 38464967 PMCID: PMC10920343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by varied pituitary hormone deficiencies, leading to severe manifestations across multiple systems. These include lifelong infertility, short stature, mental retardation, and potentially life-threatening pituitary crises if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenesis of PSIS remains unclear. Currently, there are two proposed theories regarding the pathogenic mechanisms: the genetic defect theory and the perinatal injury theory. Methods We systematically searched English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang Med Online, Sinomed) up to February 24, 2023, to summarize studies on gene sequencing in PSIS patients. Enrichment analyses of reported mutated genes were subsequently performed using the Metascape platform. Results Our study included 37 articles. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed mutated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated mutated genes were enriched in biological processes such as embryonic development, brain development, axon development and guidance, and development of other organs. Conclusion Based on our summary and analyses, we propose a new hypothesis: disruptions in normal embryonic development, partially stemming from the genetic background and/or specific gene mutations in individuals, may increase the likelihood of abnormal fetal deliveries, where different degrees of traction during delivery may lead to different levels of pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopia. The clinical diversity observed in PSIS patients may result from a combination of genetic background, specific mutations, and variable degrees of traction during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaozhen Qin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyue Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingtong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fadum JM, Borton MA, Daly RA, Wrighton KC, Hall EK. Dominant nitrogen metabolisms of a warm, seasonally anoxic freshwater ecosystem revealed using genome resolved metatranscriptomics. mSystems 2024; 9:e0105923. [PMID: 38259093 PMCID: PMC10878078 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01059-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability is one of the principal drivers of primary productivity across aquatic ecosystems. However, the microbial communities and emergent metabolisms that govern N cycling in tropical lakes are both distinct from and poorly understood relative to those found in temperate lakes. This latitudinal difference is largely due to the warm (>20°C) temperatures of tropical lake anoxic hypolimnions (deepest portion of a stratified water column), which result in unique anaerobic metabolisms operating without the temperature constraints found in lakes at temperate latitudes. As such, tropical hypolimnions provide a platform for exploring microbial membership and functional diversity. To better understand N metabolism in warm anoxic waters, we combined measurements of geochemistry and water column thermophysical structure with genome-resolved metatranscriptomic analyses of the water column microbiome in Lake Yojoa, Honduras. We sampled above and below the oxycline in June 2021, when the water column was stratified, and again at the same depths and locations in January 2022, when the water column was mixed. We identified 335 different lineages and significantly different microbiome membership between seasons and, when stratified, between depths. Notably, nrfA (indicative of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) was upregulated relative to other N metabolism genes in the June hypolimnion. This work highlights the taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities in warm and anoxic inland waters, providing insight into the contemporary microbial ecology of tropical ecosystems as well as inland waters at higher latitudes as water columns continue to warm in the face of global change.IMPORTANCEIn aquatic ecosystems where primary productivity is limited by nitrogen (N), whether continuously, seasonally, or in concert with additional nutrient limitations, increased inorganic N availability can reshape ecosystem structure and function, potentially resulting in eutrophication and even harmful algal blooms. Whereas microbial metabolic processes such as mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium increase inorganic N availability, denitrification removes bioavailable N from the ecosystem. Therefore, understanding these key microbial mechanisms is critical to the sustainable management and environmental stewardship of inland freshwater resources. This study identifies and characterizes these crucial metabolisms in a warm, seasonally anoxic ecosystem. Results are contextualized by an ecological understanding of the study system derived from a multi-year continuous monitoring effort. This unique data set is the first of its kind in this largely understudied ecosystem (tropical lakes) and also provides insight into microbiome function and associated taxa in warm, anoxic freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Fadum
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - M. A. Borton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R. A. Daly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - K. C. Wrighton
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E. K. Hall
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Farrington N, Dubey V, Johnson A, Horner I, Stevenson A, Unsworth J, Jimenez-Valverde A, Schwartz J, Das S, Hope W, Darlow CA. Molecular pharmacodynamics of meropenem for nosocomial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mBio 2024; 15:e0316523. [PMID: 38236031 PMCID: PMC10865990 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03165-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Meropenem is a commonly used therapeutic agent, although emergent resistance occurs during treatment. We used a rabbit HAP infection model to assess the bacterial kill and resistance pharmacodynamics of meropenem. Meropenem 5 mg/kg administered subcutaneously (s.c.) q8h (±amikacin 3.33-5 mg/kg q8h administered intravenously[i.v.]) or meropenem 30 mg/kg s.c. q8h regimens were assessed in a rabbit lung infection model infected with P. aeruginosa, with bacterial quantification and phenotypic/genotypic characterization of emergent resistant isolates. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic output was fitted to a mathematical model, and human-like regimens were simulated to predict outcomes in a clinical context. Increasing meropenem monotherapy demonstrated a dose-response effect to bacterial kill and an inverted U relationship with emergent resistance. The addition of amikacin to meropenem suppressed the emergence of resistance. A network of porin loss, efflux upregulation, and increased expression of AmpC was identified as the mechanism of this emergent resistance. A bridging simulation using human pharmacokinetics identified meropenem 2 g i.v. q8h as the licensed clinical regimen most likely to suppress resistance. We demonstrate an innovative experimental platform to phenotypically and genotypically characterize bacterial emergent resistance pharmacodynamics in HAP. For meropenem, we have demonstrated the risk of resistance emergence during therapy and identified two mitigating strategies: (i) regimen intensification and (ii) use of combination therapy. This platform will allow pre-clinical assessment of emergent resistance risk during treatment of HAP for other antimicrobials, to allow construction of clinical regimens that mitigate this risk.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during antimicrobial treatment for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a well-documented problem (particularly in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that contributes to the wider global antimicrobial resistance crisis. During drug development, regimens are typically determined by their sufficiency to achieve bactericidal effect. Prevention of the emergence of resistance pharmacodynamics is usually not characterized or used to determine the regimen. The innovative experimental platform described here allows characterization of the emergence of AMR during the treatment of HAP and the development of strategies to mitigate this. We have demonstrated this specifically for meropenem-a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used to treat HAP. We have characterized the antimicrobial resistance pharmacodynamics of meropenem when used to treat HAP, caused by initially meropenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa, phenotypically and genotypically. We have also shown that intensifying the regimen and using combination therapy are both strategies that can both treat HAP and suppress the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Farrington
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vineet Dubey
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Johnson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Horner
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stevenson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Unsworth
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Jimenez-Valverde
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shampa Das
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Hope
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Darlow
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Keller MW, Keong LM, Rambo-Martin BL, Hassell N, Lacek KA, Wilson MM, Kirby MK, Liddell J, Owuor DC, Sheth M, Madden J, Lee JS, Kondor RJ, Wentworth DE, Barnes JR. Targeted amplification and genetic sequencing of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surface glycoprotein. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0298223. [PMID: 38084972 PMCID: PMC10783008 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02982-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an unprecedented surveillance effort. The resulting data were and will continue to be critical for surveillance and control of SARS-CoV-2. However, some genomic surveillance methods experienced challenges as the virus evolved, resulting in incomplete and poor quality data. Complete and quality coverage, especially of the S-gene, is important for supporting the selection of vaccine candidates. As such, we developed a robust method to target the S-gene for amplification and sequencing. By focusing on the S-gene and imposing strict coverage and quality metrics, we hope to increase the quality of surveillance data for this continually evolving gene. Our technique is currently being deployed globally to partner laboratories, and public health representatives from 79 countries have received hands-on training and support. Expanding access to quality surveillance methods will undoubtedly lead to earlier detection of novel variants and better inform vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Keller
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa M. Keong
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Rambo-Martin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Norman Hassell
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristine A. Lacek
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Malania M. Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marie K. Kirby
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jimma Liddell
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - D. Collins Owuor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Madden
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin S. Lee
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Kondor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John R. Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Liu J, Xu Z, Bai Y, Feng J, Xu L, Li F. Streptomyces albireticuli lung infection managed as a pulmonary air cyst: a case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1296491. [PMID: 38274731 PMCID: PMC10808341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces, the largest genus in the Streptomycetaceae family and a prolific producer of antibacterial drugs, is a saprophytic soil organism that rarely causes invasive infections. Here we report a case of necrotic pneumonia caused by Streptomyces albireticuli in a 75-year-old man who presented with progressive chest tightness and dyspnea. Streptomyces albireticuli was isolated from his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and identified through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis. The patient responded satisfactorily to clarithromycin therapy. The findings of this study may enhance our vigilance in identifying visceral infections caused by Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xu
- Department of Emergency Department, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chengdu, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chengdu, China
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6
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Wang C, Tang Y, Zhang P, Xiong L, Chen W, Lv X. Detection and phenotype analysis of a novel Ael blood group allele. Vox Sang 2024; 119:74-78. [PMID: 37937512 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The presence of blood subtypes may lead to difficulties in blood group identification; however, third-generation sequencing (TGS) can help in accurately identifying difficult blood groups, and study the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism of Ael subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS ABO blood group was identified by the standard serological technique, weak blood group antigen was identified by adsorption-elution experiments, ABH substance in the saliva was determined and glycosyltransferase activity of A and B was detected. The ABO gene full-length sequence and promoter region were amplified by specific primers using single-molecule real-time sequencing, with the amplified products being sequenced directly and analysed in real time. RESULTS The patient was serologically identified as Ael subtype, and TGS analysis revealed new intron mutations in Ael patients (c.467C>T; c.29-10T>A). CONCLUSION The discovery of the new allele and the identification of ABO subtypes can be combined with serological characterization and molecular biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibi Wang
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yichao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunxiao County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Leiqun Xiong
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weiyuan Chen
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Chen J, Chen H, Zhou L, Liu D, Du F, Xiang H. Strong positive light chain immunostaining in a patient with transthyretin amyloidosis. Hematology 2023; 28:2244315. [PMID: 37551718 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2244315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most common systemic amyloidosis types are immunoglobulin light chain (AL) and amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, in which the precursor proteins responsible for amyloidosis are light chain and transthyretin, respectively. Identification of precursor proteins is paramount to determine the type of amyloidosis, given that both amyloidosis types lack specificity in clinical presentation. Congo red staining followed by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence using fibril protein-specific antibodies is crucial for the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Here we describe a patient who was initially diagnosed with AL amyloidosis due to strong positive kappa light chain staining results. However, the diagnosis was corrected to hereditary ATTR amyloidosis using mass spectrometry and gene sequencing, confirming the important role of mass spectrometry in identifying the amyloid precursor protein and ruling out false-positive result from immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Danbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxian Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Menon T, V N. Use of 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing for the Identification of Viridans Group Streptococci. Cureus 2023; 15:e47125. [PMID: 38022358 PMCID: PMC10648447 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococci belonging to the viridans group are gram-positive bacteria residing as commensals in the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts in humans. Though they are largely known to be commensals, they may also cause life-threatening infections like infective endocarditis, septicemia, pyogenic infections, pneumonia, and meningitis. The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are usually identified by biotyping; however, species discrimination is not always possible by phenotypic characterization. We identified 53 isolates from blood cultures of patients with infective endocarditis and compared the results of biotyping with 16s rRNA gene sequencing for species identification. Organisms belonging to the mitis group were the most common. 16s rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were useful in identifying the etiological agents at the species level. S.oralis was the most common etiological agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangam Menon
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Naveenkumar V
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, IND
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Ma J, Ma H, Zheng S, Yu X, Wang K, Wang J, Pan Y, Yao J. Intestinal flora in the constipation patients before versus after lactulose intervention. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34703. [PMID: 37565923 PMCID: PMC10419342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with chronic functional constipation before and after lactulose intervention. Twenty-nine patients with constipation in the treatment group received oral lactulose (15 mL/d) for a month. Twenty healthy subjects served as controls. Stool specimens were collected before and after lactulose treatment. Fecal bacteria were examined by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. After lactulose treatment, most bacteria in the constipation group, including Bifidobacteria, Bacillus cereus, Prevotella, Bacillus, Anaerostipes, Oribacterium, and Mogibacterium increased as compared to those in the healthy control group. Anaerotruncus declined in the healthy control group after lactulose treatment. Our study shows lactulose can increase the abundance of probiotics, optimize the intestinal microenvironment, and alleviate constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Houlian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Songbai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiru Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Dong Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
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10
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Sun J, Zhang Z, Yang K, Wei G, Li Y. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation of pine nut peptides ( Pinus koraiensis) fermented by Bacillus subtilis LS-45. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:382-392. [PMID: 37565933 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2243507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized the remarkable capabilities of Bacillus subtilis ls-45 during the fermentation process to generate pine nut peptide. Through gene sequencing, we confirmed the proficiency of Bacillus subtilis ls-45 in producing protease, thereby serving as a valuable enzymatic source for protein hydrolysis. Our investigation focused on examining the variations in amino acid types and quantities between enzymatic pine nut protein peptide (EPP) and fermented pine nut protein polypeptide (FPP). Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the in vitro antioxidant activities of EPP and FPP, encompassing measurements of their Hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, Total reducing capacity, Superoxide anion scavenging rate, and ABTS+ radical scavenging rate. Notably, FPP exhibited superior antioxidant capacity compared to EPP. By employing semi-inhibitory mass concentration (IC50) analysis, we determined that FPP displayed enhanced efficacy in neutralizing hazardous free radicals when compared to EPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Sun
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, China
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Na HS, Song Y, Yu Y, Chung J. Comparative Analysis of Primers Used for 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in Oral Microbiome Studies. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:71. [PMID: 37623922 PMCID: PMC10460062 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic technologies have enabled more in-depth study of the oral microbiome. In this study, we compared the amplicons generated by primers targeting different sites of the 16S rRNA gene found in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Six sets of primer targeting V1-V2, V1-V3, V3-V4, V4-V5, V5-V7 and V6-V8 regions of 16S rRNA were tested via in silico simulation. Primers targeting the V1-V2, V3-V4, and V4-V5 regions generated more than 90% of the original input sequences. Primers targeting the V1-V2 and V1-V3 regions exhibited a low number of mismatches and unclassified sequences at the taxonomic level, but there were notable discrepancies at the species level. Phylogenetic tree comparisons showed primers targeting the V1-V2 and V3-V4 regions showed performances similar to primers targeting the whole 16s RNA region in terms of separating total oral microbiomes and periodontopathogens. In an analysis of clinical oral samples, V1-V2 primers showed superior performance for identifying more taxa and had better resolution sensitivity for Streptococcus than V3-V4 primers. In conclusion, primers targeting the V1-V2 region of 16S rRNA showed the best performance for oral microbiome studies. In addition, the study demonstrates the need for careful PCR primer selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea (Y.S.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea (Y.S.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea (Y.S.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yang Y, Qin S, Wu H, Zhang J, Tian Q, Zhao Z, Wei B, Hallak J, Mao X. Identification of PDCL2 as a candidate marker in Sertoli cell-only syndrome by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1127-1136. [PMID: 37554526 PMCID: PMC10406544 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) or germ cell aplasia is one of the most serious histopathological subtypes within the scope of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Understanding the molecular mechanism of SCOS and identifying new non-invasive markers for clinical application is crucial to guide proper sperm procurement and avoid unnecessary interventions. This study sought to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SCOS by using gene sequencing identity and verify the key marker genes to provide basic data for subsequent research on SCOS. METHODS A total of 50 testicular samples were collected in this study from 25 patients with SCOS and 25 patients with normal spermatogenesis. In total, 5 pairs of testis samples were used for the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We identified the DEGs between the SCOS and normal spermatogenesis patients and conducted a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The expression of the main target gene phosducin-like 2 (PDCL2) was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS In total, 3,133 upregulated DEGs and 1,406 downregulated DEGs were identified by the RNA-seq. The highly enriched processes involved in spermatogenesis included the mitotic cell cycle, cell cycle, and oocyte maturation. The expression of PDCL2 was verified as a downregulation marker in SCOS by qRT-PCR and IHC. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the DEGs of SCOS, and the bioinformatics analysis results identified the potential target key genes and pathways for SCOS. PDCL2 is a key gene involved in SCOS and may serve as a non-invasive downregulation marker of SCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Baoan People’s Hospital (Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiao Tian
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengping Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benlin Wei
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Research Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Wei L, Zhao Q, Chen X, Sun Q, Zhang X, Chen Y. Seasonal variation in soil algal community structure in different forest plantations in subtropic China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1181184. [PMID: 37521936 PMCID: PMC10382206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Algae exert great impact on soil formation and biogeochemical cycling. However, there is no full understanding of the response of soil algal community structure to the seasonal fluctuations in temperature and moisture and changes of soil physicochemical properties across different forests. Here, based on 23S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed soil algal community structure in four different forest plantations in two seasons and examined soil physiochemical properties. The results showed the significantly seasonal variation in soil algal community structure, with the higher overall diversity in summer than in winter. In addition, there existed significant correlations between soil algae (species composition, relative abundance, diversity index) and physicochemical properties (pH, total phosphorus, organic matter and nitrate nitrogen), suggesting that edaphic characteristics are also largely responsible for the variation in soil algal community. Nevertheless, the seasonal variation in algal community structure was greater than the variation across different forest plantations. This suggest temperature and moisture are more important than soil physicochemical properties in determining soil algal community structure. The findings of the present study enhance our understanding of the algal communities in forest ecosystems and are of great significance for the management and protection of algal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Agricultural Sensors and Intelligent Perception Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Zhongke Hefei Institutes of Collaborative Research and Innovation for Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Agricultural Sensors and Intelligent Perception Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Zhongke Hefei Institutes of Collaborative Research and Innovation for Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongjing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Inoue M, Miyazaki S, Kobayashi N, Kangawa A, Murakami T. Pathological Characterization of Spontaneous AA Amyloidosis in Microminipigs. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:257-263. [PMID: 37873595 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231204019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The minipig has been used as a non-rodent species in nonclinical toxicology studies, but little is known about amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in this species. Among domestic pigs, reports of AA amyloidosis have been limited to animals with mutations in the N-terminal residue of serum AA (SAA), which is thought to be a primary etiological factor. In this study, we histologically examined 26 microminipigs aged 0.6 to 10 years and observed amyloid deposition in one 0.6-year-old and six 5-year-old or older microminipigs. The amyloid deposits were identified as AA based on mass spectrometry (MS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The 0.6-year-old microminipig showed severe deposition in the renal cortex and spleen, whereas 5-year-old or older animals had severe deposition in the renal medulla. MS and IHC detected serum amyloid P-component (SAP) in amyloid deposits in older animals but not in a 0.6-year-old animals. Based on the proteomic analysis and gene sequencing, amino acid mutations of SAA, previously found in domestic pigs, were not involved in the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis in microminipigs. This study demonstrates that microminipigs with wild-type SAA develop AA amyloidosis and presents the possibility that differences in the environment surrounding amyloid, such as SAP, may influence differences in the pathological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Miyazaki
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ullah K, Li Y, Lin Q, Pan K, Nguyen T, Aniruddhsingh S, Su Q, Sharp W, Wu R. Comparative Analysis of Whole Transcriptome Profiles in Septic Cardiomyopathy: Insights from CLP- and LPS-Induced Mouse Models. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1366. [PMID: 37510271 PMCID: PMC10379808 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with septic cardiomyopathy being a common and severe complication. Despite its significant clinical impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of whole transcriptome profiles using RNA sequencing in mouse hearts in two widely used mouse models of septic cardiomyopathy. CLP-induced sepsis was achieved by surgical cecal ligation and puncture, while LPS-induced sepsis was induced using a 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For consistency, we utilized sham-operated mice as the control for septic models. Our aim was to identify key genes and pathways involved in the development of septic cardiomyopathy and to evaluate the similarities and differences between the two models. Our findings demonstrated that both the CLP and lipopolysaccharide LPS methods could induce septic heart dysfunction within 24 h. We identified common transcriptional regulatory regions in the septic hearts of both models, such as Nfkb1, Sp1, and Jun. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison to control were involved in shared pathways, including regulation of inflammatory response, regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. However, each model presented distinctive whole transcriptome expression profiles and potentially diverse pathways contributing to sepsis-induced heart failure. This extensive comparison enhances our understanding of the molecular basis of septic cardiomyopathy, providing invaluable insights. Accordingly, our study also contributes to the pursuit of effective and personalized treatment strategies for SICM, highlighting the importance of considering the specific causative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ullah
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | | | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Willard Sharp
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
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Fu Y, Wang A, Zhou J, Feng W, Shi M, Xu X, Zhao H, Cai L, Feng J, Lv X, Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang Z, Ma G, Wang J, Zhou T, Zhao D, Fang H, Liu Z, Huang JA. Corrigendum: Advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR T790M harbouring TP53 R273C or KRAS G12V cannot benefit from osimertinib based on a clinical multicentre study by tissue and liquid biopsy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1236311. [PMID: 37441428 PMCID: PMC10335792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1236311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621992.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Jieqi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Respirology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuedong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Yangzhou City, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoer Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haohui Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-an Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Sun Y, Liu D, Yang X, Li W, Lin S. Kerstersia gyiorum isolated for the first time from two patients with neurodegenerative disease: report of two unusual cases and a review of the literature. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231171009. [PMID: 37161265 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, increasing numbers of new microorganisms are being discovered. In this report, Kerstersia gyiorum was isolated for the first time from the sputum of two elderly patients with neurodegenerative disease, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was used for treatment. The bacteria's growth characteristics, biochemical reaction characteristics, sensitivity to antibiotics, and the patients' treatment are described, with a review of previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaohua Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Khulape SA, Biswal JK, Jana C, Subramaniam S, Singh RP. Novel pan-lineage VP1 specific degenerate primers for precise genetic characterization of serotype O foot and mouth disease virus circulating in India. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e40. [PMID: 37271508 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the VP1 gene sequence of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is critical to understanding viral evolution and disease epidemiology. A standard set of primers have been used for the detection and sequence analysis of the VP1 gene of FMDV directly from suspected clinical samples with limited success. The study validated VP1-specific degenerate primer-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the qualitative detection and sequencing of serotype O FMDV lineages circulating in India. The novel degenerate primer-based RT-PCR amplifying the VP1 gene can circumvent the genetic heterogeneity observed in viruses after cell culture adaptation and facilitate precise viral gene sequence analysis from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ashok Khulape
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar (Kumaon), Nainital 263138, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubneshwar 752505, India.
| | - Chandrakanta Jana
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar (Kumaon), Nainital 263138, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- National Seromonitoring Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, ICFMD, Arugul, Bhubneshwar 752505, India
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Ying J, Wu H, Zhang R, Wu P, Sui F, Li Z. A case report of Gitelman syndrome in children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33509. [PMID: 37058043 PMCID: PMC10101307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Giltelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive infectious disease, which is caused by the mutation of SLC12A3 gene encoding thiazide diuretic sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. PATIENT CONCERNS A 7-year-old and 3-month-old male patient has poor appetite, slow growth in height and body weight since the age of 3, body weight: 16 kg (-3 standard deviation), height: 110 cm (-3 standard deviation), normal exercise ability and intelligence. One year ago, he was diagnosed with hypokalemia. After potassium supplement treatment, the blood potassium returned to normal. The patient developed abdominal pain, vomiting, limb weakness, and tetany 1 day before admission. DIAGNOSES After admission examination, the patient was found to have hypokalemia (2.27-2.88 mmol/L), hypomagnesemia (0.47 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (1.17 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1.06 mmol/24 hours), and metabolic alkalosis (PH 7.60). The blood pressure is normal, and the concentration of aldosterone is 791.63 pg/mL. The adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol detected at 8 am are 4.95 pmol/L and 275.09 nmol/L, respectively. Twenty-four hours of urine potassium is 32.52 mmol. Gene sequencing results showed 2 pathogenic variants in the GS-related SLC12A3 gene, which are related to the phenotype of the subject. INTERVENTIONS After admission, the patients were given potassium and magnesium supplements, as well as oral spironolactone. The symptoms of limb weakness and tetany were significantly relieved. After discharge, the patients continued to maintain treatment to keep the blood potassium at more than 3.0 mmol/L, and the blood magnesium at more than 0.6 mmol/L. OUTCOMES Follow-up at 1 month after discharge, in the patient's self-description, he had no symptoms such as limb weakness and tetany, and his height was increased by 1 cm and the body weight increased by 1.5 kg. LESSONS For patients with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis, the possibility of GS should be given priority. After the diagnosed by gene sequencing of SLC12A3 gene, potassium and magnesium supplementation could significantly improve symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pengmei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Fengxuan Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Cobo FJ, Pérez-Carrasco V, García-Salcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM. Bacteremia caused by Clostridium sporogenes in an oncological patient. Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36:217-219. [PMID: 36698324 PMCID: PMC10066920 DOI: 10.37201/req/111.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Cobo
- Fernando Cobo,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 2 18014 Granada, Spain.
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Peng X, Yue Q, Chi Q, Liu Y, Tian T, Dai S, Yu A, Wang S, Wang H, Tong X, Jiang L. Microbial Diversity and Flavor Regularity of Soy Milk Fermented Using Kombucha. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36832959 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based milk is considered a healthy and environmentally sustainable option. However, due to the low protein content of most plant-based milk and the difficulty of gaining flavor acceptance by consumers, its production scale is usually limited. Soy milk is a kind of food with comprehensive nutrition and high protein content. In addition, kombucha is naturally fermented by acetic acid bacteria (AAB), yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and other microorganisms, and the microorganisms in its system can improve the flavor characteristics of food. In the present study, LAB (commercially purchased) and kombucha were used as fermenting agents for soybean, which was used as a raw material to produce soy milk. A variety of characterization methods were used to study the relationship between the microbial composition and flavor regularity of soy milk produced with different proportions of fermenting agents and different fermentation times. In soy milk produced at 32 °C with a mass ratio of LAB to kombucha of 1:1 and a fermentation time of 42 h, the concentrations of LAB, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria in the milk were optimal at 7.48, 6.68, and 6.83 log CFU/mL, respectively. In fermented soy milk produced with kombucha and LAB, the dominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus (41.58%) and Acetobacter (42.39%), while the dominant fungal genera were Zygosaccharomyces (38.89%) and Saccharomyces (35.86%). After 42 h, the content of hexanol in the fermentation system of kombucha and LAB decreased from 30.16% to 8.74%, while flavor substances such as 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde and linalool were produced. Soy milk fermented with kombucha offers the opportunity to explore the mechanisms associated with flavor formation in multi-strain co-fermentation systems and to develop commercial plant-based fermentation products.
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Bhandari M, Rathnayake IU, Huygens F, Jennison AV. Clinical and Environmental Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Strains from Australia Have Similar Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0263122. [PMID: 36688638 PMCID: PMC9927259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera caused by pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is still considered one of the major health problems in developing countries including those in Asia and Africa. Australia is known to have unique V. cholerae strains in Queensland waterways, resulting in sporadic cholera-like disease being reported in Queensland each year. We conducted virulence and antimicrobial genetic characterization of O1 and non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae (NOVC) strains (1983 to 2020) from Queensland with clinical significance and compared these to environmental strains that were collected as part of a V. cholerae monitoring project in 2012 of Queensland waterways. In this study, 87 V. cholerae strains were analyzed where O1 (n = 5) and NOVC (n = 54) strains from Queensland and international travel-associated NOVC (n = 2) (61 in total) strains were sequenced, characterized, and compared with seven previously sequenced O1 strains and 18 other publicly available NOVC strains from Australia and overseas to visualize the genetic context among them. Of the 61 strains, three clinical and environmental NOVC serogroup strains had cholera toxin-producing genes, namely, the CTX phage (identified in previous outbreaks) and the complete Vibrio pathogenicity island 1. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome analysis showed more than 10 distinct clusters and interrelatedness between clinical and environmental V. cholerae strains from Australia. Moreover, 30 (55%) NOVC strains had the cholix toxin gene (chxA) while only 11 (20%) strains had the mshA gene. In addition, 18 (34%) NOVC strains from Australia had the type three secretion system and discrete expression of type six secretion system genes. Interestingly, four NOVC strains from Australia and one NOVC strain from Indonesia had intSXT, a mobile genetic element. Several strains were found to have beta-lactamase (blaCARB-9) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB9) genes. Our study suggests that Queensland waterways can harbor highly divergent V. cholerae strains and serve as a reservoir for various V. cholerae-associated virulence genes which could be shared among O1 and NOVC V. cholerae strains via mobile genetic elements or horizontal gene transfer. IMPORTANCE Australia has its own V. cholerae strains, both toxigenic and nontoxigenic, that are associated with cholera disease. This study aimed to characterize a collection of clinical and environmental NOVC strains from Australia to understand their virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile and to place strains from Australia in the genetic context of international strains. The findings from this study suggest the toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the Queensland River water system are of public health concern. Therefore, ongoing monitoring and genomic characterization of V. cholerae strains from the Queensland environment are important and would assist public health departments to track the source of cholera infection early and implement prevention strategies for future outbreaks. Understanding the genomics of V. cholerae could also inform the natural ecology and evolution of this bacterium in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murari Bhandari
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irani U. Rathnayake
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Huygens
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy V. Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cantila AY, Thomas WJ, Saad NSM, Severn-Ellis AA, Anderson R, Bayer PE, Edwards D, Van de Wouw AP, Batley J. Identification of candidate genes for LepR1 resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1051994. [PMID: 36866377 PMCID: PMC9971972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1051994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilising resistance (R) genes, such as LepR1, against Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg in canola (Brassica napus), could help manage the disease in the field and increase crop yield. Here we present a genome wide association study (GWAS) in B. napus to identify LepR1 candidate genes. Disease phenotyping of 104 B. napus genotypes revealed 30 resistant and 74 susceptible lines. Whole genome re-sequencing of these cultivars yielded over 3 million high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GWAS in mixed linear model (MLM) revealed a total of 2,166 significant SNPs associated with LepR1 resistance. Of these SNPs, 2108 (97%) were found on chromosome A02 of B. napus cv. Darmor bzh v9 with a delineated LepR1_mlm1 QTL at 15.11-26.08 Mb. In LepR1_mlm1, there are 30 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) (13 nucleotide-binding site-leucine rich repeats (NLRs), 12 receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and 5 transmembrane-coiled-coil (TM-CCs)). Sequence analysis of alleles in resistant and susceptible lines was undertaken to identify candidate genes. This research provides insights into blackleg resistance in B. napus and assists identification of the functional LepR1 blackleg resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin Y. Cantila
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - William J.W. Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anita A. Severn-Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Robyn Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Philipp E. Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Wen Q, Li Y, Shao H, Ma J, Lin Y, Sun Y, Liu T. Two case reports of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 caused by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene mutation. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230705. [PMID: 37197360 PMCID: PMC10183721 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is a specific type of diabetes mellitus with inherited impairment of the islet β cell function due to the mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) gene. It is a rare condition and easily misdiagnosed as T1DM or T2DM. In this study, the clinical features of two unrelated Chinese MODY3 probands were described and analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the mutated genes, and Sanger sequencing was employed to verify the location of the pathogenic variant in the related family members. It was found that proband 1 inherited a start codon mutation c.2T>C (p.Met1?) in exon 1 of the HNF1α gene from his affected mother, and proband 2 inherited a frameshift mutation c.1136_1137del (p.Pro379fs) in exon 6 of the HNF1α gene also from her affected mother. Proband 1 and proband 2 differed in islet dysfunction, complications, and treatments due to their different disease durations and levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The findings of this study demonstrate that early identification of MODY and diagnosis through genetic testing are critical for the treatment of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Huige Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yihu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
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Eneva R, Engibarov S, Gocheva Y, Mitova S, Arsov A, Petrov K, Abrashev R, Lazarkevich I, Petrova P. Safe Sialidase Production by the Saprophyte Oerskovia paurometabola: Gene Sequence and Enzyme Purification. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248922. [PMID: 36558051 PMCID: PMC9782813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidase preparations are applied in structural and functional studies on sialoglycans, in the production of sialylated therapeutic proteins and synthetic substrates for use in biochemical research, etc. They are obtained mainly from pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, the demand for apathogenic producers of sialidase is of exceptional importance for the safe production of this enzyme. Here, we report for the first time the presence of a sialidase gene and enzyme in the saprophytic actinomycete Oerskovia paurometabola strain O129. An electrophoretically pure, glycosylated enzyme with a molecular weight of 70 kDa was obtained after a two-step chromatographic procedure using DEAE cellulose and Q-sepharose. The biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme is extracellular, inductive, and able to cleave α(2→3,6,8) linked sialic acids with preference for α(2→3) bonds. The enzyme production was strongly induced by glycomacropeptide (GMP) from milk whey, as well as by sialic acid. Investigation of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the protein molecule has the typical six-bladed β-propeller structure and contains all features of bacterial sialidases, i.e., an YRIP motif, five Asp-boxes, and the conserved amino acids in the active site. The presence of an unusual signal peptide of 40 amino acids was predicted. The sialidase-producing O. paurometabola O129 showed high and constant enzyme production. Together with its saprophytic nature, this makes it a reliable producer with high potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Eneva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephan Engibarov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Gocheva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Mitova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Abrashev
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Lazarkevich
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Robert C, Cascella F, Mellai M, Barizzone N, Mignone F, Massa N, Nobile V, Bona E. Influence of Sex on the Microbiota of the Human Face. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122470. [PMID: 36557723 PMCID: PMC9786802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in health and disease has long been recognized and, so far, the cutaneous microbiota in humans has been widely investigated. The research regarded mainly the microbiota variations between body districts and disease skin states (i.e., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne). In fact, relatively little information is available about the composition of the healthy skin microbiota. The cosmetic industry is especially interested in developing products that maintain and/or improve a healthy skin microbiota. Therefore, in the present work, the authors chose to investigate in detail the structure and composition of the basal bacterial community of the face. Ninety-six cheek samples (48 women and 48 men) were collected in the same season and the same location in central northern Italy. Bacterial DNA was extracted, the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by PCR, the obtained amplicons were subjected to next generation sequencing. The principal members of the community were identified at the genus level, and statistical analyses showed significant variations between the two sexes. This study identified abundant members of the facial skin microbiota that were rarely reported before in the literature and demonstrated the differences between male and female microbiota in terms of both community structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Robert
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Cascella
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SmartSeq s.r.l., 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- R&D Department, Complife Italia c/a Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), 22100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (E.B.)
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Su KY, Koh Kok JY, Chua YW, Ong SD, Ser HL, Pusparajah P, San Saw P, Goh BH, Lee WL. Bacterial extracellular vesicles in biofluids as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:1057-1062. [PMID: 36629056 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2166403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical membrane-derived lipid bilayers released by cells. The human microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms, with bacteria being the largest group secreting microbial EVs. The discovery of bacterial EVs (BEVs) has garnered interest among researchers as potential diagnostic markers, given that the microbiota is known to be associated with various diseases and EVs carry important macromolecular cargo for intercellular interaction. AREAS COVERED The differential bacterial composition identified from BEVs isolated from biofluids between patients and healthy controls may be valuable for detecting diseases. Therefore, BEVs may serve as novel diagnostic markers. Literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. In this special report, we outline the commonly used approach for investigating BEVs in biofluids, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions, and the recent studies exploring the potential of BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases. EXPERT OPINION The emerging field of BEVs offers new possibilities for the diagnosis of various types of diseases, although there remain issues that need to be resolved in this research area to implement BEVs in clinical applications. Hence, it is important for future studies to take these challenges into consideration when investigating the diagnostic value of BEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Yan Su
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jie-Yi Koh Kok
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yie-Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shearn-Dior Ong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group (MHTR), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Saw
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wai-Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Sarjana TA, Zhang G. Association between Synonymous SNPs of SOX10 and Plumage Color and Reproductive Traits of Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36496864 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SOX10 gene affect the plumage color of chickens and pigeons. The mutation also causes abnormal pigmentation of the skin and hair color, as well as postnatal growth retardation and reproduction problems in humans and mice. In this study, we investigated the association between the SOX10 gene and plumage color and reproductive traits of ducks using SNPs. We found six novel SNPs from 11 identified SNP sites using direct sequencing for PCR products from three different mixed DNA pools. We found two coding SNPs to be associated with the plumage color of ducks (ZJU1.0 Chr1. g.54065419C>T and g.54070844C>T), and found three coding SNPs associated with the reproductive traits of ducks (g.54065419C>T, g.54070844C>T, and g.54070904C>T), which were age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, and the Haugh unit for egg quality traits and egg production in different productive periods. These results also indicated that the T alleles of the three SNPs of the coding region of SOX10 contribute to lower reproductive traits.
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Han N, Huang W, Wang J, Bai L, Yan L, Tang H. Hereditary spherocytosis complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis: two case reports. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:1255. [PMID: 36544651 PMCID: PMC9761145 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is not a rare disease in the department of hematology; however, in the late stage of the disease, patients often have very severe cholestasis and are referred to the department of hepatology. Hepatologists may have trouble determining the source of cholestasis, causing treatment difficulties. Case Description We report two 20-year-old patients complaining of "skin and eyes turned to yellow". Patient 1 had no previous hematologic disorders, and patient 2 had a history of anemia without treatment. Laboratory tests suggested anemia and elevated bilirubin in both patients. The direct bilirubin levels were more significantly elevated than the indirect bilirubin levels in both patients, and the patients both suffered from abdominal pain and pancreatitis. However, the degree of anemia could not fully explain the jaundice. Magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested the presence of hepatosplenomegaly and gallstones. Genetic testing identified new mutations in the relevant genes, ultimately confirming the diagnosis of HS. The liver biopsy results for both patients showed obvious intrahepatic cholestasis. Patient 1 underwent splenectomy at a bilirubin level of 125.4 µmol/L, and the bilirubin level returned to normal after surgery, with a good prognosis. However, Patient 2 suffered from pancreatitis during hospitalization and was unable to undergo splenectomy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was implemented, but the bilirubin level continued to rise, and Patient 2 ultimately gave up treatment and passed away. Conclusions For hepatologists, identifying the source of jaundice (hemolysis, hepatocyte destruction, or biliary obstruction) is important for treatment, supplemented by liver biopsy and genetic testing if necessary. In the 2 cases covered in this article, early-stage HS caused hemolytic jaundice with predominantly elevated indirect bilirubin, and as the disease progressed, patients developed severe cholestasis probably related to transient biliary obstruction caused by gallstones and hepatocellular injury due to abnormal bilirubin metabolism. In addition, in patients with HS combined by intrahepatic cholestasis, early consideration of splenectomy may delay disease progression and achieve a better prognosis. Of course, this conclusion needs to be confirmed by more clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mashamaite CV, Manyevere A, Chakauya E. Cleome gynandra: A wonder climate-smart plant for nutritional security for millions in semi-arid areas. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1003080. [PMID: 36212376 PMCID: PMC9538671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spider plant (Cleome gynandra) is predominantly used as a traditional leafy vegetable throughout Africa and is considered a rich natural source of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and proteins. With the increase in malnutrition, diet related non-communicable diseases and poverty across the continent of Africa, the spider plant is a bona fide alternative healthy food crop to alleviate these challenges. Spider plant is an erect annual herb that could grow up to 150 cm tall, strongly branched, with a long taproot and few secondary roots. It is commonly consumed in resource-poor communities especially during times of major food scarcity. It is a drought-tolerant and resilient annual vegetable crop capable of growing well in a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Despite the potential benefits and wide adaptability, progressive attempts towards the development of C. gynandra as a crop have been impeded by issues like low investment in research and development resulting in poor seed quality, relatively low yields and susceptibility to pests and diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the research that has been done regarding its morphology, growing conditions, production and utilisation (i.e., nutrition). The current review highlighted the status of the science in advancing the domestication of C. gynandra as a potential power crop for several African countries. The review concluded that with the advancement of modern biotechnology techniques and genome sequencing, there is a compelling case for investment and development in C. gynandra as a candidate for managing micronutrient deficiencies during the post-pandemic era. Finally, the existing knowledge gaps (e.g., breeding) that necessitate explorations were identified and recommendations that could enhance its development and potential commercialisation were made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alen Manyevere
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Ereck Chakauya
- AUDA-NEPAD Centre of Excellence on Science Technology and Innovation, (AUDA-NEPAD CoE STI), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Southern Africa Network for Biosciences (SANBio), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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Wang W, Xiao G, Du G, Chang L, Yang Y, Ye J, Chen B. Glutamicibacter halophytocola-mediated host fitness of potato tuber moth on Solanaceae crops. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:3920-3930. [PMID: 35484875 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. α-solanine and α-chaconine are toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) in Solanaceae crops and are most abundant in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), accounting for more than 95% of the total SGAs. PTM grows on potatoes with a higher concentration of SGAs. Gut bacteria play an important role in the physiology and behavior of insects. To understand the role of gut bacteria of PTM in host adaptability, we isolated and identified major SGA (α-chaconine and α-solanine)-degrading gut bacteria in the gut of PTM by a selective medium and analyzed their degradability and degradation mechanism. RESULTS The gut Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 of PTM with high degradation capacity to α-solanine and α-chaconine were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identified by morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A gene cluster involving α-rhamnosidases, β-glucosidases, and β-galactosidases was identified by whole-genome sequencing of G. halophytocola S2. These genes had higher expression on the α-solanine medium. PTM inoculated with the isolated G. halophytocola S2 obtained higher fitness than antibiotic-treated PTM. CONCLUSION The G. halophytocola S2 in the gut of PTM could degrade the major toxic α-solanine and α-chaconine in potatoes. This enhances the fitness of PTM feeding on potatoes with high SGA contents. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the integrated pest management of PTM and provide an effective strain for the treatment of α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guanli Xiao
- College of Agriculture & Biology Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangzu Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lvshu Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jvhui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Jobling MG. The Retraction of a Plasmid-Phage Chimera Genome Assembly Study Leaves Serious Issues Unaddressed-Essentially, Nolo Contendere. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0022022. [PMID: 35862747 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00220-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Chen G, Yan S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Deng IB, He R. The alternative 3' splice site of GPNMB may promote neuronal survival after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injury. Ibrain 2022; 8:302-313. [PMID: 37786733 PMCID: PMC10529014 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to decipher the effect of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and its potential molecular mechanism. The hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model was established in 7-day-old rats, and then, Zea-Longa scores and Nissl staining were performed to measure brain damage post-HI. In addition, gene sequencing was used to detect the differential expression genes (DEGs), and then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used to determine the function of DEGs. Furthermore, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was developed in SY5Y cells and human fetal neurons, and then, the level of GPNMB was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and cell counting kit-8 assays were applied after GPNMB interference. Finally, the alternative splicing of GPNMB expression was analyzed using Splice Grapher software. The results indicated that HI induced marked neurological impairment and neuron injury in rats. Also, GPNMB was the most obviously upregulated gene in DEGs. Additionally, GPNMB was upregulated significantly in SY5Y and fetal neurons after OGD, and GPNMB-si promoted an increase in cell viability and number. Moreover, we found that the GPNMB alternative splicing type was the Alternative 3' splice site, with the alternative splicing site in 143382985:143404102. Herein, GPNMB promotes a crucial regulatory mechanism with alternative splicing for neuronal survival after NHIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Jiao Chen
- Bioinformatics CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | | | | | - Ji Zhang
- Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Isaac Bul Deng
- Center for Epogenetics and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kennedy Krieger InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA
| | - Rong He
- Bioinformatics CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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Li X, Liang X, He H, Li J, Ma L, Tan W, Zhong Y, Zhu J, Zhou MF, Dong H. Microorganisms Accelerate REE Mineralization in Supergene Environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022;:e0063222. [PMID: 35708325 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00632-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenic deposits are an important source of rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy REEs (HREEs). It is generally accepted that microorganisms are able to dissolve minerals and mobilize elements in supergene environments. However, little is known about the roles of microorganisms in the formation of exogenic deposits such as regolith-hosted REE deposits that are of HREE enrichment and provide over 90% of global HREE demand. In this study, we characterized the microbial community composition and diversity along a complete weathering profile drilled from a regolith-hosted REE deposit in Southeastern China and report the striking contributions of microorganisms to the enrichment of REEs and fractionation between HREEs and light REEs (LREEs). Our results provide evidence that the variations in REE contents are correlated with microbial community along the profile. Both fungi and bacteria contributed to the accumulation of REEs, whereas bacteria played a key role in the fractionation between HREEs and LREEs. Taking advantage of bacteria strains isolated from the profile, Gram-positive bacteria affiliated with Bacillus and Micrococcus preferentially adsorbed HREEs, and teichoic acids in the cell wall served as the main sites for HREE adsorption, leading to an enrichment of HREEs in the deposit. The present study provides the first database of microbial community in regolith-hosted REE deposits. These findings not only elucidate the crucial contribution of fungi and bacteria in the supergene REE mineralization but also provide insights into efficient utilization of mineral resources via a biological pathway. IMPORTANCE Understanding the role of microorganisms in the formation of regolith-hosted rare earth element (REE) deposits is beneficial for improving the metallogenic theory and deposit exploitation, given that such deposits absolutely exist in subtropical regions with strong microbial activities. Little is known of the microbial community composition and its contribution to REE mineralization in this kind of deposit. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, batch adsorption experiments, and spectroscopic characterization, the functional microorganisms contributing to REE enrichment and fractionation are disclosed. For bacteria, the surface carboxyl and phosphate groups are active sites for REE adsorption, while teichoic acids in the cell walls of G+ bacteria lead to REE fractionation. The above-mentioned findings not only unravel the importance of microorganisms in the formation of supergene REE deposits but also provide experimental evidence for the bioutilization of REE resources.
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Scheurer JM, Fanta ML, Colbenson GA, Arbefeville S, Ferrieri P. Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Vertical Transmission of Pasteurella multocida. AJP Rep 2022; 12:e123-e126. [PMID: 35941964 PMCID: PMC9356768 DOI: 10.1055/a-1830-2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset neonatal sepsis contributes substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Presenting signs and symptoms vary, and most causes are due to a limited number of common microbes. However, providers must be cognizant of unusual pathogens when treating early-onset sepsis (EOS). We report a case of a term neonate who presented with respiratory distress, lethargy, and hypoglycemia 5 hours after birth. He was treated for presumed EOS with blood culture, revealing an unusual pathogen, Pasteurella multocida . Sepsis from this pathogen is a rarely reported cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. Our report is one of few that implicate vertical transmission with molecular diagnostic confirmation of P . multocida , subspecies septica. The neonate was treated with antibiotics and supportive care and recovered without ongoing complications. Providers should maintain an index of suspicion for rare causes of neonatal EOS. For these unusual cases, precise microbial identification enables understanding to provide best clinical care and anticipation of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan L Fanta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Sophie Arbefeville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Patricia Ferrieri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abstract
The etiology and heterogeneity of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) are poorly understood. Studies using scoliotic zebrafish models have indicated a potential link between ciliary defects and scoliosis. They may further explain the onset of IS partially. However, it is necessary to further interpret the link between this progress and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xin Y, Xie J, Nan B, Tang C, Xiao Y, Wu Q, Lin Y, Zhang X, Shen H. Freeze-Thaw Pretreatment Can Improve Efficiency of Bacterial DNA Extraction From Meconium. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:753688. [PMID: 34956118 PMCID: PMC8695897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.753688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of live microbes in utero remains under debate, newborn gastrointestinal bacteria are undoubtedly important to infant health. Measuring bacteria in meconium is an ideal strategy to understand this issue; however, the low efficiency of bacterial DNA extraction from meconium has limited its utilization. This study aims to improve the efficiency of bacterial DNA extraction from meconium, which generally has low levels of microflora but high levels of PCR inhibitors in the viscous matrix. The research was approved by the ethical committee of the Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, China. All the mothers delivered naturally, and their newborns were healthy. Meconium samples passed by the newborns within 24 h were collected. Each sample was scraped off of a sterile diaper, transferred to a 5-ml sterile tube, and stored at −80°C. For the assay, a freeze-thawing sample preparation protocol was designed, in which a meconium-InhibitEX buffer mixture was intentionally frozen 1–3 times at −20°C, −80°C, and (or) in liquid nitrogen. Then, DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and sequenced by 16S rDNA to verify the enhanced bacterial DNA extraction efficiency. Ultimately, we observed the following: (1) About 30 mg lyophilized meconium was the optimal amount for DNA extraction. (2) Freezing treatment for 6 h improved DNA extraction at −20°C. (3) DNA extraction efficiency was significantly higher with the immediate thaw strategy than with gradient thawing at −20°C, −80°C, and in liquid nitrogen. (4) Among the conditions of −20°C, −80°C, and liquid nitrogen, −20°C was the best freezing condition for both improving DNA extraction efficiency and preserving microbial species diversity in meconium, while liquid nitrogen was the worst condition. (5) Three freeze-thaw cycles could markedly enhance DNA extraction efficiency and preserve the species diversity of meconium microflora. We developed a feasible freeze-thaw pretreatment protocol to improve the extraction of microbial DNA from meconium, which may be beneficial for newborn bacterial colonization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingru Nan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunshan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanfeng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Sun Y, Zhou D, Wang S, Ding J, Ma F. Updated genetic studies of Marfan syndrome in China. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:288-291. [PMID: 34877242 PMCID: PMC8630457 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disease that affects multiple systems such as the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. This disease is relatively rare and has no effective treatment except for symptomatic treatment. As a result, early detection, early intervention, and preventing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes are crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of MFS. The rapid development of gene sequencing technology has facilitated the detection of MFS at the genetic level, allowing a more accurate and efficient diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, research on MFS-related genes has become a topic of interest. This article reviews the recent progress of genetic research on MFS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of T.C.M., Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to:Fei Ma, Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. E-mail:
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to:Fei Ma, Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Su W, Li S. Construction of Synthetic Nanobody Library in Mammalian Cells by dsDNA-Based Strategies*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2957-2965. [PMID: 34411391 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A nanobody is an antibody fragment consisting of a single monomeric variable antigen-binding domain. Mammalian cells are ideal platforms for identifying nanobodies targeting hard-to-display transmembrane proteins and nanobodies that function as modulators of cellular phenotypes. However, the introduction of a high-diversity nanobody library into mammalian cells is challenging. We have developed two novel methods for constructing a nanobody library in mammalian cells. Complementarity-determining region (CDR) random sequences were first incorporated into upstream and downstream dsDNAs by PCR. In the first method, named dsDNA-HR, upstream and downstream dsDNAs containing an identical overlapping sequence were co-transfected into cultured mammalian cells for intracellular homologous recombination that resulted in the formation of an intact nanobody library expression cassette. In the second method, named in vitro ligation, we generated full-length nanobody expression dsDNAs via ligation of restriction digested upstream and downstream dsDNAs. The obtained full-length dsDNAs were transfected into mammalian cells for nanobody library expression. Using both methods, we generated over a million unique nanobody sequences, as revealed by high-throughput sequencing. Single-cell sequencing was employed to resolve the diversity of the dsDNA-HR nanobody library. We also identified a small molecule, Nocodazole, which could enhance the efficacy of dsDNA-HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Su
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
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Santa-Maria AR, Walter FR, Figueiredo R, Kincses A, Vigh JP, Heymans M, Culot M, Winter P, Gosselet F, Dér A, Deli MA. Flow induces barrier and glycocalyx-related genes and negative surface charge in a lab-on-a-chip human blood-brain barrier model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2201-2215. [PMID: 33563079 PMCID: PMC8393308 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21992638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices allow the study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in dynamic conditions. We studied a BBB model, consisting of human endothelial cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells in co-culture with brain pericytes, in an LOC device to study fluid flow in the regulation of endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx-related genes and surface charge. The highly negatively charged endothelial surface glycocalyx functions as mechano-sensor detecting shear forces generated by blood flow on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells and contributes to the physical barrier of the BBB. Despite the importance of glycocalyx in the regulation of BBB permeability in physiological conditions and in diseases, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. The MACE-seq gene expression profiling analysis showed differentially expressed endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx core protein genes after fluid flow, as well as enriched pathways for the extracellular matrix molecules. We observed increased barrier properties, a higher intensity glycocalyx staining and a more negative surface charge of human brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) in dynamic conditions. Our work is the first study to provide data on BBB properties and glycocalyx of BLECs in an LOC device under dynamic conditions and confirms the importance of fluid flow for BBB culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt-Am-Main, Germany.,Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt-Am-Main, Germany
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit P Vigh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marjolein Heymans
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | - Maxime Culot
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | | | - Fabien Gosselet
- Université d'Artois, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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孙 文, 何 婷, 韩 军, 任 晓, 李 萌. [Genetic analysis of weakened expression of ABO blood group antigen in 20 cases]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:1431-1435. [PMID: 34658361 PMCID: PMC8526322 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism for weakened expression of ABO blood group antigens in 20 cases. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 20 cases with weakened expression of ABO blood group antigens, including 12 children undergoing elective surgery and 8 of their parents or grandparents. Serological identification of the ABO blood group was performed using microcolumn agglutination method and saline test tube method. The PCR products of exons 1-7 and their upstream promoter region of the ABO gene were directly sequenced for genotyping. RESULTS In 11 of the cases, the ABO genotype could be determined by pedigree analysis (including 1 case of ABO*A2.01/ABO*B.01, 1 case of ABO*A2.01/ ABO*O01.01, 1 case of A1.02/B3.04, 2 cases of B3.04/O.01.01, 2 cases of B3.02/O.01.02, and 4 cases of Bw.12/O.01.01). Pedigree analysis revealed deletion mutation at -35_-18 nt in the ABO promoter region in 3 cases, indicating that the mutation occurred in the B allele; a C > T mutation occurred at -119 nt in the ABO promoter region in 1 case; a C deletion at 1054 nt in exon 7 was identified in 1 case; no mutation was found in exons 1-7 and their regulatory region of ABO gene in 4 cases. CONCLUSION The C > T mutation at-119 nt in the promoter region and the deletion mutation at 1054 nt in exon 7 of ABO gene are probably new mutations leading to abnormal expression of ABO blood group antigens. Some ABO subtypes may be associated with abnormal introns or mRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文杰 孙
- />南京医科大学附属儿童医院输血科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - 婷 何
- />南京医科大学附属儿童医院输血科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - 军 韩
- />南京医科大学附属儿童医院输血科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - 晓艳 任
- />南京医科大学附属儿童医院输血科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - 萌 李
- />南京医科大学附属儿童医院输血科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Abstract
Although previous research demonstrates that skin-associated archaea are rarely detected within human skin microbiome data, exist at relatively low abundance, and are primarily affiliated with the Methanobacteriota and Halobacteriota phyla, other studies suggest that archaea are consistently detected and relatively abundant on human skin, with skin “archaeomes” dominated by putative ammonia oxidizers of the Nitrososphaeria class (Thermoproteota phylum, formerly Thaumarchaeota). Here, we evaluated new and existing 16S rRNA gene sequence data sourced from mammalian skin and skin-associated surfaces and generated with two commonly used universal prokaryotic primer sets to assess archaeal prevalence, relative abundance, and taxonomic distribution. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected in only 17.5% of 1,688 samples by high-throughput sequence data, with most of the archaeon-positive samples associated with nonhuman mammalian skin. Only 5.9% of human-associated skin sample data sets contained sequences affiliated with archaeal 16S rRNA genes. When detected, the relative abundance of sequences affiliated with archaeal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) was less than 1% for most mammalian skin samples and did not exceed 2% for any samples. Although several computer keyboard microbial profiles were dominated by Nitrososphaeria sequences, all other skin microbiome data sets tested were primarily composed of sequences affiliated with Methanobacteriota and Halobacteriota phyla. Our findings revise downward recent estimates of human skin archaeal distributions and relative abundances, especially those affiliated with the Nitrososphaeria, reflecting a limited and infrequent archaeal presence within the mammalian skin microbiome. IMPORTANCE The current state of research on mammalian skin-associated archaea is limited, with the few papers focusing on potential skin archaeal communities often in disagreement with each other. As such, there is no consensus on the prevalence or taxonomic composition of archaea on mammalian skin. Mammalian skin health is in part influenced by its complex microbiota and consortium of bacteria and potential archaea. Without a clear foundational analysis and characterization of the mammalian skin archaeome, it will be difficult for future research to explore the potential impact of skin-associated archaea on skin health and function. The current work provides a much-needed analysis of the mammalian skin archaeome and contributes to building a foundation from which further discussion and exploration of the skin archaeome might continue.
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Goode O, Smith A, Zarkan A, Cama J, Invergo BM, Belgami D, Caño-Muñiz S, Metz J, O'Neill P, Jeffries A, Norville IH, David J, Summers D, Pagliara S. Persister Escherichia coli Cells Have a Lower Intracellular pH than Susceptible Cells but Maintain Their pH in Response to Antibiotic Treatment. mBio 2021; 12:e0090921. [PMID: 34281389 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00909-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Persister and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells are two clonal subpopulations that can survive multidrug exposure via a plethora of putative molecular mechanisms. Here, we combine microfluidics, time-lapse microscopy, and a plasmid-encoded fluorescent pH reporter to measure the dynamics of the intracellular pH of individual persister, VBNC, and susceptible Escherichia coli cells in response to ampicillin treatment. We found that even before antibiotic exposure, persisters have a lower intracellular pH than those of VBNC and susceptible cells. We then investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed differential pH regulation in persister E. coli cells and found that this is linked to the activity of the enzyme tryptophanase, which is encoded by tnaA. In fact, in a ΔtnaA strain, we found no difference in intracellular pH between persister, VBNC, and susceptible E. coli cells. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis revealed that, besides downregulating tryptophan metabolism, the ΔtnaA strain downregulated key pH homeostasis pathways, including the response to pH, oxidation reduction, and several carboxylic acid catabolism processes, compared to levels of expression in the parental strain. Our study sheds light on pH homeostasis, proving that the regulation of intracellular pH is not homogeneous within a clonal population, with a subset of cells displaying a differential pH regulation to perform dedicated functions, including survival after antibiotic treatment. IMPORTANCE Persister and VBNC cells can phenotypically survive environmental stressors, such as antibiotic treatment, limitation of nutrients, and acid stress, and have been linked to chronic infections and antimicrobial resistance. It has recently been suggested that pH regulation might play a role in an organism's phenotypic survival to antibiotics; however, this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here, we demonstrate that even before antibiotic treatment, cells that will become persisters have a more acidic intracellular pH than clonal cells that will be either susceptible or VBNC upon antibiotic treatment. Moreover, after antibiotic treatment, persisters become more alkaline than VBNC and susceptible E. coli cells. This newly found phenotypic feature is remarkable because it distinguishes persister and VBNC cells that have often been thought to display the same dormant phenotype. We then show that this differential pH regulation is abolished in the absence of the enzyme tryptophanase via a major remodeling of bacterial metabolism and pH homeostasis. These new whole-genome transcriptome data should be taken into account when modeling bacterial metabolism at the crucial transition from exponential to stationary phase. Overall, our findings indicate that the manipulation of the intracellular pH represents a bacterial strategy for surviving antibiotic treatment. In turn, this suggests a strategy for developing persister-targeting antibiotics by interfering with cellular components, such as tryptophanase, that play a major role in pH homeostasis.
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Yu D, Yu X, Ye A, Xu C, Li X, Geng W, Zhu L. Profiling of gut microbial dysbiosis in adults with myeloid leukemia. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2050-2059. [PMID: 33993646 PMCID: PMC8406483 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. To date, the link between gut microbiota and myeloid leukemia (ML) remains largely unelucidated. Herein, a total of 29 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 17 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and 33 healthy subjects were enrolled, and gut microbiota were profiled via Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA. We evaluated the correlation between ML and gut microbiota. The microbial α‐diversity and β‐diversity exhibited significant differences between ML patients and healthy controls (HCs). Compared to healthy subjects, we found that at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi was increased, while that of Tenericutes was decreased. Correspondingly, at the genus level in ML, Streptococcus were increased, especially in AML patients, while Megamonas (P = 0.02), Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group, and Prevotella 9 (P = 0.007) were decreased. Moreover, ML‐enriched species, including Sphingomonas, Lysobacyer, Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1, were identified. Our results indicate that the gut microbiota was altered in ML patients compared to that of healthy subjects, which could contribute to the elucidation of microbiota‐related pathogenesis of ML, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Aifang Ye
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chunquan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
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Verghese M, Jiang B, Iwai N, Mar M, Sahoo MK, Yamamoto F, Mfuh KO, Miller J, Wang H, Zehnder J, Pinsky BA. A SARS-CoV-2 Variant with L452R and E484Q Neutralization Resistance Mutations. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0074121. [PMID: 33952596 PMCID: PMC8218743 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00741-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Becky Jiang
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Naomi Iwai
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marilyn Mar
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Malaya K. Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kenji O. Mfuh
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jacob Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hannah Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - James Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Lehman PW, Kurobe T, Huynh K, Lesmeister S, Teh SJ. Covariance of Phytoplankton, Bacteria, and Zooplankton Communities Within Microcystis Blooms in San Francisco Estuary. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632264. [PMID: 34163439 PMCID: PMC8215387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystis blooms have occurred in upper San Francisco Estuary (USFE) since 1999, but their potential impacts on plankton communities have not been fully quantified. Five years of field data collected from stations across the freshwater reaches of the estuary were used to identify the plankton communities that covaried with Microcystis blooms, including non-photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic genera using a suite of analyses, including microscopy, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Coherence between the abundance of Microcystis and members of the plankton community was determined by hierarchal cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and type 3 similarity profile analysis (SIMPROF), as well as correlation analysis. Microcystis abundance varied with many cyanobacteria and phytoplankton genera and was most closely correlated with the non-toxic cyanobacterium Merismopoedia, the green algae Monoraphidium and Chlamydomonas, and the potentially toxic cyanobacteria Pseudoanabaena, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Sphaerospermopsis, and Aphanizomenon. Among non-photosynthetic bacteria, the xenobiotic bacterium Phenylobacterium was the most closely correlated with Microcystis abundance. The coherence of DNA sequences for phyla across trophic levels in the plankton community also demonstrated the decrease in large zooplankton and increase in small zooplankton during blooms. The breadth of correlations between Microcystis and plankton across trophic levels suggests Microcystis influences ecosystem production through bottom-up control during blooms. Importantly, the abundance of Microcystis and other members of the plankton community varied with wet and dry conditions, indicating climate was a significant driver of trophic structure during blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy W. Lehman
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Khiet Huynh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Lesmeister
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Swee J. Teh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Guan YQ, Shen KF, Yang L, Cai HD, Zhang ML, Wang JC, Long XL, Xiong J, Gu J, Zhang PL, Xiao M, Zhang W, Zhou JF. Inherited Genetic Susceptibility to Nonimmunosuppressed Epstein-Barr Virus-associated T/NK-cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Chinese Patients. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:482-490. [PMID: 34170459 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases are characterized by clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or NK cells, including chronic active EBV infection of T/NK-cell type (CAEBV+T/NK), EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV+HLH), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (ENKTL), and aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL). However, the role of inherited genetic variants to EBV+T/NK-LPDs susceptibility is still unknown. A total of 171 nonimmunosuppressed patients with EBV+T/NK-LPDs and 104 healthy donors were retrospectively collected and a targeted sequencing study covering 15 genes associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity was performed. The 94 gene variants, mostly located in UNC13D, LYST, ITK, and PRF1 genes were detected, and mutations covered 28/50 (56.00%) of CAEBV-T/NK, 31/51 (60.78%) of EBV+HLH, 13/28 (46.42%) of ENKTL, and 13/48 (27.09%) of ANKL. Most mutations represented monoallelic and missense. Three-year overall survival rate of patients with CAEBV-T/NK and EBV+HLH was significantly lower in patients with germline mutations than in those without germline mutations (P=0.0284, P=0.0137). Our study provided novel insights into understanding a spectrum of nonimmunosuppressed EBV+T/NK-LPDs with respect to genetic defects associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity and reminded us that the gene sequencing may be an auxiliary test for diagnosis and risk stratification of EBV+T/NK-LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Guan
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke-Feng Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Dong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mei-Lan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Long
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Abdalla M, Hassanin HA, Yao X, Iqbal MW, Karrar E, Jiang B. Genetic and biochemical characterization of thermophilic β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3308-3318. [PMID: 33222223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001, a strain that produces β-CGTase (β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase) (EC 2.4.1.19), was screened and isolated from Sudanese soil. The objective of this study was to sequence and characterize the β-CGTase gene from G. alcaliphilus SK51.001. RESULTS According to 16S rRNA analysis of the strain and its morphological shape, it was identified as G. alcaliphilus. The β-CGTase gene was successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. This gene showed 706 amino acid residues including 33 amino acids as a signal peptide. The active site residues of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were described using enzyme modeling and docking with the products. The estimated molecular mass of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was approximately 74 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the evaluation of the gel filtration showed approximately 85 kDa, which means G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase is a monomer. The optimum temperature and pH of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were 60 °C and 7.0 respectively. Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was comparatively stable at a pH levels between 6.0 and 9.0 and temperatures of 30-50 °C. The activity of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was increased by Ni2+ , and Co2+ but inhibited by Al3+ and Fe3+ . The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax were 2068.52 μg mL-1 and 0.13 μmol mL-1 min-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase could hydrolyze soluble starch into α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin in a ratio of 2: 83: 15% respectively. This high ratio production of β-CD could allow the enzyme to be used in β-CD production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalla
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Food Processing, Faculty of Engineering, University of El Imam El Mahadi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Hinawi Am Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Muhammad W Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Sama S, Challa A, Patel FV, Saineni S, Erpenwar S, Maryala S. Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia Due to Homozygous Loss of the CD4 Start Codon. Cureus 2021; 13:e15251. [PMID: 34188990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is an extremely rare condition characterized by low numbers of CD4+ cells (<0.3 K/μL) without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or any other cause of immunodeficiency. In this case report, we report a case of idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia in a 22-year-old woman initially presenting with insomnia, fatigue, and a sore throat. However, this rapidly progressed to shortness of breath and chest pain, ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) over the span of a few days. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials were administered, resulting in prompt recovery. Serological studies were negative for malignancy and severe infections, including HIV1 and HIV2. Flow cytometry revealed an absence of CD4+ cells and an increase in double-negative T-cells. Further genetic workup revealed that in the second exon of the CD4 gene, the patient had a homozygous c.1ATG>GTG (p.Met1Val; p.M1V) mutation. Family screening showed that the patient's mother, father, and brother all had a single p.M1V mutation, allowing for deleterious effects to be partially offset by the normal copy of the gene. We have provided an organized analysis of the existing literature in addition to a concise overview of this case, with the intention of identifying patterns in presentation, clinical course, and outcomes. This case discusses the effects of the loss of the CD4+ start codon in the patient. Although this specific form of lymphocytopenia is very uncommon, it illustrates the importance of genetic testing and the integral nature of laboratory testing in therapy charting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Sama
- Internal Medicine, Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | | | | | - Sohan Erpenwar
- Internal Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
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Han C, Zhang Z, Guo N, Li X, Yang M, Peng Y, Ma X, Yu K, Wang C. Effects of Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia on the Intestinal Microbiome in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:633527. [PMID: 33816336 PMCID: PMC8012717 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.633527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to intestinal microbiome. Almost all operations will go through the anesthesia process, but it is not clear whether the intervention of anesthesia alone will affect the change in the intestinal microbiome. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia on the intestinal microbiome. The animal in the experimental group was used to provide sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia for 4 hours. The control group was not intervened. The feces of the experimental group and the control group were collected on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after anesthesia. Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia will cause changes in the intestinal microbiome of mice. It appears on the 1st day after anesthesia and is most obvious on the 7th day. The specific manifestation is that the abundance of microbiome and the diversity of the microbiome is reduced. At the same time, Untargeted metabonomics showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had more increased metabolites related to the different microbiome, among which 5-methylthioadenosine was related to the central nervous system. Subsequently, the intestinal microbiome diversity of mice showed a trend of recovery on the 14th day. At the genus level, the fecal samples obtained on the 14th day after anesthesia exhibited significantly increased abundances of Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Akkermansia and significantly decreased abundances of Lactobacillus compared with the samples obtained on the 1st day after anesthesia. However, the abundance of differential bacteria did not recover with the changing trend of diversity. Therefore, we believe that sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia is associated with changes in the internal microbiome and metabolites, and this change may be completed through the brain-gut axis, while sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia may change the intestinal microbiome for as long as 14 days or longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaodi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yahui Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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