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Kong Y, Guo P, Xu J, Li J, Wu M, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Yang L, Liu M, Zhang H, Wang P, Zhang Z. MoMkk1 and MoAtg1 dichotomously regulating autophagy and pathogenicity through MoAtg9 phosphorylation in Magnaporthe oryzae. mBio 2024; 15:e0334423. [PMID: 38501872 PMCID: PMC11005334 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03344-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a central biodegradation pathway critical in eliminating intracellular cargo to maintain cellular homeostasis and improve stress resistance. At the same time, the key component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade regulating cell wall integrity signaling MoMkk1 has an essential role in the autophagy of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Still, the mechanism of how MoMkk1 regulates autophagy is unclear. Interestingly, we found that MoMkk1 regulates the autophagy protein MoAtg9 through phosphorylation. MoAtg9 is a transmembrane protein subjected to phosphorylation by autophagy-related protein kinase MoAtg1. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that MoMkk1-dependent MoAtg9 phosphorylation is required for phospholipid translocation during isolation membrane stages of autophagosome formation, an autophagic process essential for the development and pathogenicity of the fungus. In contrast, MoAtg1-dependent phosphorylation of MoAtg9 negatively regulates this process, also impacting growth and pathogenicity. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that MoAtg9 is subject to MoMkk1 regulation through protein phosphorylation and that MoMkk1 and MoAtg1 dichotomously regulate autophagy to underlie the growth and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.IMPORTANCEMagnaporthe oryzae utilizes multiple signaling pathways to promote colonization of host plants. MoMkk1, a cell wall integrity signaling kinase, plays an essential role in autophagy governed by a highly conserved autophagy kinase MoAtg1-mediated pathway. How MoMkk1 regulates autophagy in coordination with MoAtg1 remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that MoMkk1 phosphorylates MoAtg9 to positively regulate phospholipid translocation during the isolation membrane or smaller membrane structures stage of autophagosome formation. This is in contrast to the negative regulation of MoAtg9 by MoAtg1 for the same process. Intriguingly, MoMkk1-mediated MoAtg9 phosphorylation enhances the fungal infection of rice, whereas MoAtg1-dependant MoAtg9 phosphorylation significantly attenuates it. Taken together, we revealed a novel mechanism of autophagy and virulence regulation by demonstrating the dichotomous functions of MoMkk1 and MoAtg1 in the regulation of fungal autophagy and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pusheng Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Qin Z, Liang ZZ, Wu YN, Zhou XQ, Xu M, Jiang LW, Li S, Zhang Y. Embryo sac development relies on symplastic signals from ovular integuments in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:161-172. [PMID: 37381795 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ovules are female reproductive organs of angiosperms, consisting of sporophytic integuments surrounding female gametophytes, that is, embryo sacs. Synchronization between integument growth and embryo sac development requires intracellular communication. However, signaling routes through which cells of the two generations communicate are unclear. We report that symplastic signals through plasmodesmata (PDs) of integuments are critical for the development of female gametophytes. Genetic interferences of PD biogenesis either by functional loss of CHOLINE TRANSPORTER-LIKE1 (CTL1) or by integument-specific expression of a mutated CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 (cals3m) compromised PD formation in integuments and reduced fertility. Close examination of pINO:cals3m or ctl1 ovules indicated that female gametophytic development was either arrested at various stages after the formation of functional megaspores. In both cases, defective ovules could not attract pollen tubes, leading to the failure of fertilization. Results presented here demonstrate a key role of the symplastic route in sporophytic control of female gametophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
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3
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Wang C, Cheng H, Xu W, Xue J, Hua X, Tong G, Ma X, Yang C, Lan X, Shen SY, Yang Z, Huang J, Cheng Y. Arabidopsis pollen-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase-like genes are essential for pollen tube tip growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2001-2017. [PMID: 37014030 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen tube growth is critical for double fertilization and seed formation. Many of the factors involved in pollen tube tip growth are unknown. Here, we report the roles of pollen-specific GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE-LIKE (GDPD-LIKE) genes in pollen tube tip growth. Arabidopsis thaliana GDPD-LIKE6 (AtGDPDL6) and AtGDPDL7 were specifically expressed in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AtGDPDL6 and GFP-AtGDPDL7 fusion proteins were enriched at the plasma membrane at the apex of forming pollen tubes. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 double mutants displayed severe sterility that was rescued by genetic complementation with AtGDPDL6 or AtGDPDL7. This sterility was associated with defective male gametophytic transmission. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 pollen tubes burst immediately after initiation of pollen germination in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the thin and fragile walls in their tips. Cellulose deposition was greatly reduced along the mutant pollen tube tip walls, and the localization of pollen-specific CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 (CSLD1) and CSLD4 was impaired to the apex of mutant pollen tubes. A rice pollen-specific GDPD-LIKE protein also contributed to pollen tube tip growth, suggesting that members of this family have conserved functions in angiosperms. Thus, pollen-specific GDPD-LIKEs mediate pollen tube tip growth, possibly by modulating cellulose deposition in pollen tube walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jingshi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinguo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guimin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingguo Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shi-Yi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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4
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de Melo HC. Plants detect and respond to sounds. PLANTA 2023; 257:55. [PMID: 36790549 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Specific sound patterns can affect plant development. Plants are responsive to environmental stimuli such as sound. However, little is known about their sensory apparatus, mechanisms, and signaling pathways triggered by these stimuli. Thus, it is important to understand the effect of sounds on plants and their technological potential. This review addresses the effects of sounds on plants, the sensory elements inherent to sound detection by the cell, as well as the triggering of signaling pathways that culminate in plant responses. The importance of sound standardization for the study of phytoacoustics is demonstrated. Studies on the sounds emitted or reflected by plants, acoustic stress in plants, and recognition of some sound patterns by plants are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyrandir Cabral de Melo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Avenida Esperança, S/N Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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5
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Zhu Q, Feng Y, Xue J, Chen P, Zhang A, Yu Y. Advances in Receptor-like Protein Kinases in Balancing Plant Growth and Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:427. [PMID: 36771514 PMCID: PMC9919196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the process of growth and development, plants are exposed to ever-changing environments, which consequently trigger abiotic or biotic stress responses. The large protein family known as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in the response to various stresses. Understanding the biological function and molecular mechanism of RLKs is helpful for crop breeding. Research on the role and mechanism of RLKs has recently received considerable attention regarding the balance between plant growth and environmental adaptability. In this paper, we systematically review the classification of RLKs, the regulatory roles of RLKs in plant development (meristem activity, leaf morphology and reproduction) and in stress responses (disease resistance and environmental adaptation). This review focuses on recent findings revealing that RLKs simultaneously regulate plant growth and stress adaptation, which may pave the way for the better understanding of their function in crop improvement. Although the exact crosstalk between growth constraint and plant adaptation remains elusive, a profound study on the adaptive mechanisms for decoupling the developmental processes would be a promising direction for the future research.
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6
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Stroppa N, Onelli E, Moreau P, Maneta-Peyret L, Berno V, Cammarota E, Ambrosini R, Caccianiga M, Scali M, Moscatelli A. Sterols and Sphingolipids as New Players in Cell Wall Building and Apical Growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. Pollen Tubes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 36616135 PMCID: PMC9824051 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes are tip-growing cells that create safe routes to convey sperm cells to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Recent studies have purified and biochemically characterized detergent-insoluble membranes from tobacco pollen tubes. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are rich in sterols and sphingolipids and are involved in cell polarization in organisms evolutionarily distant, such as fungi and mammals. The presence of actin in tobacco pollen tube detergent-insoluble membranes and the preferential distribution of these domains on the apical plasma membrane encouraged us to formulate the intriguing hypothesis that sterols and sphingolipids could be a "trait d'union" between actin dynamics and polarized secretion at the tip. To unravel the role of sterols and sphingolipids in tobacco pollen tube growth, we used squalestatin and myriocin, inhibitors of sterol and sphingolipid biosynthesis, respectively, to determine whether lipid modifications affect actin fringe morphology and dynamics, leading to changes in clear zone organization and cell wall deposition, thus suggesting a role played by these lipids in successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stroppa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Valeria Berno
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cammarota
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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7
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Yu TY, Xu CX, Li WJ, Wang B. Peptides/receptors signaling during plant fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1090836. [PMID: 36589119 PMCID: PMC9797866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Double fertilization is a unique and particularly complicated process for the generation alternation of angiosperms. Sperm cells of angiosperms lose the motility compared with that of gymnosperms. The sperm cells are passively carried and transported by the pollen tube for a long journey before targeting the ovule. Two sperm cells are released at the cleft between the egg and the central cell and fused with two female gametes to produce a zygote and endosperm, respectively, to accomplish the so-called double fertilization process. In this process, extensive communication and interaction occur between the male (pollen or pollen tube) and the female (ovule). It is suggested that small peptides and receptor kinases play critical roles in orchestrating this cell-cell communication. Here, we illuminate the understanding of phases in the process, such as pollen-stigma recognition, the hydration and germination of pollen grains, the growth, guidance, and rupture of tubes, the release of sperm cells, and the fusion of gametes, by reviewing increasing data recently. The roles of peptides and receptor kinases in signaling mechanisms underlying cell-cell communication were focused on, and directions of future studies were perspected in this review.
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8
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Hong WJ, Kim EJ, Yoon J, Silva J, Moon S, Min CW, Cho LH, Kim ST, Park SK, Kim YJ, Jung KH. A myosin XI adaptor, TAPE, is essential for pollen tube elongation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:562-575. [PMID: 35736513 PMCID: PMC9434255 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) elongation is important for double fertilization in angiosperms and affects the seed-setting rate and, therefore, crop productivity. Compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), information on PT elongation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited by the difficulty in obtaining homozygous mutants. In a screen of T-DNA insertional mutants, we identified a mutant in the Tethering protein of actomyosin transport in pollen tube elongation (TAPE) gene with an unusual segregation ratio by genotyping analysis. A CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutant of TAPE that produced a short PT was sterile, and TAPE was expressed specifically in pollen grains. TAPE is a homolog of a myosin XI adaptor in Arabidopsis with three tetratricopeptide repeat and Phox and Bem1 protein domains. TAPE showed latrunculin B-sensitive, actin-dependent localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Yeast two-hybrid screening and transcriptome analysis revealed that TAPE interacted with pollen-specific LIM protein 2b and elongation factor 1-alpha. Loss of TAPE affected transcription of 1,259 genes, especially genes related to cell organization, which were downregulated. In summary, TAPE encodes a myosin XI adaptor essential for rice PT elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeniffer Silva
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (K.-H.J.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (K.-H.J.)
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9
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Wang Y, Coomey J, Miller K, Jensen GS, Haswell ES. Interactions between a mechanosensitive channel and cell wall integrity signaling influence pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1533-1545. [PMID: 34849746 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells employ multiple systems to maintain cellular integrity, including mechanosensitive ion channels and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Here, we use pollen as a model system to ask how these different mechanisms are interconnected at the cellular level. MscS-Like 8 (MSL8) is a mechanosensitive channel required to protect Arabidopsis thaliana pollen from osmotic challenges during in vitro rehydration, germination, and tube growth. New CRISPR/Cas9 and artificial miRNA-generated msl8 alleles produced unexpected pollen phenotypes, including the ability to germinate a tube after bursting, dramatic defects in cell wall structure, and disorganized callose deposition at the germination site. We document complex genetic interactions between MSL8 and two previously established components of the CWI pathway, MARIS and ANXUR1/2. Overexpression of MARISR240C-FP suppressed the bursting, germination, and callose deposition phenotypes of msl8 mutant pollen. Null msl8 alleles suppressed the internalized callose structures observed in MARISR240C-FP lines. Similarly, MSL8-YFP overexpression suppressed bursting in the anxur1/2 mutant background, while anxur1/2 alleles reduced the strong rings of callose around ungerminated pollen grains in MSL8-YFP overexpressors. These data show that mechanosensitive ion channels modulate callose deposition in pollen and provide evidence that cell wall and membrane surveillance systems coordinate in a complex manner to maintain cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Joshua Coomey
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Kari Miller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gregory S Jensen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
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10
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Duan Y, Wang L, Li X, Wang W, Wang J, Liu X, Zhong Y, Cao N, Tong M, Ge W, Guo Y, Li R. Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12 play crucial roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:598-614. [PMID: 34775642 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen-expressed SKS11 and SKS12 play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. The sks11sks12 mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen from sks11sks12 plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11-GFP and SKS12-mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls of sks11sks12 plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye and use of the H2 O2 sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes of sks11sks12 plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His-Ala , in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes of sks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Nana Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Weina Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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11
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Borassi C, Sede AR, Mecchia MA, Mangano S, Marzol E, Denita-Juarez SP, Salgado Salter JD, Velasquez SM, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases PERK5 and PERK12 are involved in pollen tube growth. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2593-2607. [PMID: 34427925 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily known to be involved in many plant developmental processes. Here, we characterized two pollen-expressed PERKs from Arabidopsis thaliana, PERK5 and PERK12. Pollen tube growth was impaired in single and double perk5-1 perk12-1 loss of function mutants, with an impact on seed production. When the segregation was analysed, a male gametophytic defect was found, indicating that perk5-1 and perk12-1 mutants carry deficient pollen transmission. Furthermore, perk5-1 perk12-1 displayed an excessive accumulation of pectins and cellulose at the cell wall of the pollen tubes. Our results indicate that PERK5 and PERK12 are necessary for proper pollen tube growth, highlighting their role in cell wall assembly and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Sede
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín A Mecchia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina P Denita-Juarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan D Salgado Salter
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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12
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Kim YJ, Kim MH, Hong WJ, Moon S, Kim ST, Park SK, Jung KH. OsMTD2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is essential for intact pollen-tube elongation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1131-1147. [PMID: 34143922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly specialized haploid male gametophyte-pollen consist of two sperm cells and a large vegetative cell. Successful fertilization requires proper growth timing and rupture of the pollen tube until it delivers sperm cells, which occur immediately after a pollen grain hydrates. Although a tight regulation on polar cell-wall expansion of the pollen tube is fundamentally important, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, especially in crop plants. Here, we characterized the function of male-gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) gene in rice (Oryza sativa), which belongs to the plant-specific receptor-like kinase, the CrRLK1L family. We demonstrated that OsMTD2 is an essential male factor participating in pollen-tube elongation based on genetic evidence and physiological observations. Because of unavailability of homozygous mutant via conventional methods, we used CRISPR-Cas9 system to obtain homozygous knockout mutant of OsMTD2. We were able to identify phenotypic changes including male sterility due to early pollen-tube rupture in the mutant. We observed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dramatically reduced in mutants of OsMTD2 pollen grain and tubes with defective pectin distribution. Transcriptome analysis of osmtd2-2 versus wild-type anthers revealed that genes involved in defense responses, metabolic alteration, transcriptional and protein modification were highly upregulated in the osmtd2-2 mutant. Through yeast-two-hybrid screening, we found that OsMTD2 kinase interacts with E3 ligase SPL11. Taken together, we propose that OsMTD2 has crucial functions in promoting pollen-tube elongation through cell-wall modification, possibly by modulating ROS homeostasis during pollen-tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, and Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee HK, Goring DR. Two subgroups of receptor-like kinases promote early compatible pollen responses in the Arabidopsis thaliana pistil. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1198-1211. [PMID: 33097927 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, cell-cell communication between the compatible pollen grain/growing pollen tube and the pistil is an essential component for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the later stages of this dialogue are mediated by several peptide ligands and receptors that guide pollen tubes to the ovules for the release of sperm cells. Despite a detailed understanding of these processes, a key gap remains regarding the nature of the regulators that function at the earlier stages which are essential steps leading to fertilization. Here, we report on new functions for A. thaliana Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) genes belonging to the LRR-II and LRR-VIII-2 RLK subgroups in the female reproductive tract to regulate compatible pollen hydration and the early stages of pollen tube growth. Mutant pistils for the A. thaliana RKF1 gene cluster were observed to support reduced wild-type pollen hydration and, when combined with the SERK1 and SERK3/BAK1 mutations, reduced pollen tube travel distances occurred. As these mutant pistils displayed a wild-type morphology, we propose that the observed altered compatible pollen responses result from an impaired pollen-pistil dialogue at these early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Pizarro A, Díaz-Sala C. Expression Levels of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in the Cell Wall-Plasma Membrane-Cytoskeleton Continuum Are Associated With the Maturation-Related Adventitious Rooting Competence of Pine Stem Cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:783783. [PMID: 35126413 PMCID: PMC8810826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cutting recalcitrance to adventitious root formation is a major limitation for the clonal propagation or micropropagation of elite genotypes of many forest tree species, especially at the adult stage of development. The interaction between the cell wall-plasma membrane and cytoskeleton may be involved in the maturation-related decline of adventitious root formation. Here, pine homologs of several genes encoding proteins involved in the cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum were identified, and the expression levels of 70 selected genes belonging to the aforementioned group and four genes encoding auxin carrier proteins were analyzed during adventitious root formation in rooting-competent and non-competent cuttings of Pinus radiata. Variations in the expression levels of specific genes encoding cell wall components and cytoskeleton-related proteins were detected in rooting-competent and non-competent cuttings in response to wounding and auxin treatments. However, the major correlation of gene expression with competence for adventitious root formation was detected in a family of genes encoding proteins involved in sensing the cell wall and membrane disturbances, such as specific receptor-like kinases (RLKs) belonging to the lectin-type RLKs, wall-associated kinases, Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like kinases and leucine-rich repeat RLKs, as well as downstream regulators of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein family. The expression of these genes was more affected by organ and age than by auxin and time of induction.
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15
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Zhang B, Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y. The plant cell wall: Biosynthesis, construction, and functions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:251-272. [PMID: 33325153 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics, many achievements have been made in uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review, we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Qin X, Zhang W, Dong X, Tian S, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yan J, Yue B. Identification of fertility-related genes for maize CMS-S via Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10015. [PMID: 33062436 PMCID: PMC7532766 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is extensively used in maize hybrid production, and identification of genes related to fertility restoration for CMS is important for hybrid breeding. The fertility restoration of S type CMS is governed by several loci with major and minor effects, while the mechanism of fertility restoration for CMS-S is still unknown. In this study, BSR-Seq was conducted with two backcrossing populations with the fertility restoration genes, Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. Genetic mapping via BSR-Seq verified the positions of the two loci. A total of 353 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the male fertility and male sterile pools were identified in the populations with Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. In total, 265 DEGs were co-expressed in the two populations, which were up-regulated in the fertile plants, and they might be related to male fertility involving in anther or pollen development. Moreover, 35 and seven DEGs were specifically up-regulated in the fertile plants of the population with Rf3 and Rf10, respectively. Function analysis of these DEGs revealed that jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathway might be involved in the Rf3 mediated fertility restoration for CMS-S, while the small ubiquitin-related modifier system could play a role in the fertility restoration of Rf10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiner Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shike Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Industrial Crops Research Institution, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation of Sciences, Haerbin, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Li H, Hu J, Pang J, Zhao L, Yang B, Kang X, Wang A, Xu T, Yang Z. Rho GTPase ROP1 Interactome Analysis Reveals Novel ROP1-Associated Pathways for Pollen Tube Polar Growth in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197033. [PMID: 32987815 PMCID: PMC7582345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ROP (Rho-like GTPases from plants) GTPases are polarly localized key regulators of polar growth in pollen tubes and other cells in plants. However, how ROP GTPases are regulated and how they control polar growth remains to be fully understood. To gain new insights into ROP-dependent mechanisms underlying polar cell growth, we characterized the interactome of ROP1 GTPase that controls Arabidopsis pollen tube (PT) tip growth, an extreme form of polar cell growth. We established an efficient method for culturing Arabidopsis pollen tubes in liquid medium, which was used for immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry-based identification of ROP1-associated proteins. A total of 654 candidates were isolated from the ROP1 interactome in Arabidopsis pollen tubes, and GO (Gene Ontology) classification and pathway analysis revealed multiple uncharacterized ROP1-dependent processes including translation, cell wall modification, post transcriptional modification, and ion homeostasis, in addition to known ROP1-dependent pathways. The ROP1-interactome data was further supported by the co-expression of the candidate interactors in highly mature pollen with PT germination and growth defects being discovered in 25% (8/32) of the candidate mutant genes. Taken together, our work uncovers valuable information for the identification and functional elucidation of ROP-associated proteins in the regulation of polar growth, and provides a reliable reference to identify critical regulators of polar cell growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92508, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jinbo Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (J.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Liangtao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
| | - Bing Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
| | - Xinlei Kang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (J.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Tongda Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; (J.H.); (L.Z.); (B.Y.); (X.K.); (T.X.)
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92508, USA;
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18
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Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
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19
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Genome-Wide Identification of the CrRLK1L Subfamily and Comparative Analysis of Its Role in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070793. [PMID: 32674446 PMCID: PMC7397338 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant receptor-like-kinase subfamily CrRLK1L has been widely studied, and CrRLK1Ls have been described as crucial regulators in many processes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh. Little is known, however, about the functions of these proteins in other plant species, including potential roles in symbiotic nodulation. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of CrRLK1L subfamily receptors of 57 different plant species and identified 1050 CrRLK1L proteins, clustered into 11 clades. This analysis revealed that the CrRLK1L subfamily probably arose in plants during the transition from chlorophytes to embryophytes and has undergone several duplication events during its evolution. Among the CrRLK1Ls of legumes and A. thaliana, protein structure, gene structure, and expression patterns were highly conserved. Some legume CrRLK1L genes were active in nodules. A detailed analysis of eight nodule-expressed genes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. showed that these genes were differentially expressed in roots at different stages of the symbiotic process. These data suggest that CrRLK1Ls are both conserved and underwent diversification in a wide group of plants, and shed light on the roles of these genes in legume–rhizobia symbiosis.
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20
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Wu X, Zhu S, Kasahara RD. Fertilization in flowering plants: an odyssey of sperm cell delivery. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:9-32. [PMID: 32124177 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process. Sperm cells in angiosperms are immotile and are physically distant to the female gametophytes (FG). To secure the production of the next generation, plants have devised a clever approach by which the two sperm cells in each pollen are safely delivered to the female gametophyte where two fertilization events occur (by each sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell and central cell) to give rise to embryo and endosperm. Each of the successfully fertilized ovules later develops into a seed. Sets of macromolecules play roles in pollen tube (PT) guidance, from the stigma, through the transmitting tract and funiculus to the micropylar end of the ovule. Other sets of genetic players are involved in PT reception and in its rupture after it enters the ovule, and yet other sets of genes function in gametic fusion. Angiosperms have come long way from primitive reproductive structure development to today's sophisticated, diverse, and in most cases flamboyant organ. In this review, we will be discussing on the intricate yet complex molecular mechanism of double fertilization and how it might have been shaped by the evolutionary forces focusing particularly on the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Adhikari
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ryushiro D Kasahara
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Guo J, Yang Z. Exocytosis and endocytosis: coordinating and fine-tuning the polar tip growth domain in pollen tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2428-2438. [PMID: 32173729 PMCID: PMC7178420 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes rapidly elongate, penetrate, and navigate through multiple female tissues to reach ovules for sperm delivery by utilizing a specialized form of polar growth known as tip growth. This process requires a battery of cellular activities differentially occurring at the apical growing region of the plasma membrane (PM), such as the differential cellular signaling involving calcium (Ca2+), phospholipids, and ROP-type Rho GTPases, fluctuation of ions and pH, exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall construction and remodeling. There is an emerging understanding of how at least some of these activities are coordinated and/or interconnected. The apical active ROP modulates exocytosis to the cell apex for PM and cell wall expansion differentially occurring at the tip. The differentiation of the cell wall involves at least the preferential distribution of deformable pectin polymers to the apex and non-deformable pectin polymers to the shank of pollen tubes, facilitating the apical cell expansion driven by high internal turgor pressure. Recent studies have generated inroads into how the ROP GTPase-based intracellular signaling is coordinated spatiotemporally with the external wall mechanics to maintain the tubular cell shape and how the apical cell wall mechanics are regulated to allow rapid tip growth while maintaining the cell wall integrity under the turgor pressure. Evidence suggests that exocytosis and endocytosis play crucial but distinct roles in this spatiotemporal coordination. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation and coordination of the differential pectin distribution and the apical domain of active ROP by exocytosis and endocytosis in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Guo
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Correspondence:
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