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Wang P, Wei R, Cui X, Jiang Z, Yang J, Zu L, Hong T. Fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial fusion are involved in cardiac microvascular endothelial cell protection induced by glucagon receptor antagonism in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2023; 15:1081-1094. [PMID: 37596940 PMCID: PMC10755618 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in diabetic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate whether a glucagon receptor (GCGR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy and clarify whether and how CMECs participated in the process. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The db/db mice were treated with GCGR mAb or immunoglobulin G (as control) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac function. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine microvascular density. The proteomic signature in isolated primary CMECs was analyzed by using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Some target proteins were verified by using western blot. RESULTS Compared with db/m mice, cardiac microvascular density and left ventricular diastolic function were significantly reduced in db/db mice, and this reduction was attenuated by GCGR mAb treatment. A total of 199 differentially expressed proteins were upregulated in db/db mice versus db/m mice and downregulated in GCGR mAb-treated db/db mice versus db/db mice. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial fusion were the key pathways. The changes of the related proteins carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, optic atrophy type 1, and mitofusin-1 were further verified by using western blot. The levels of these three proteins were upregulated in db/db mice, whereas this upregulation was attenuated by GCGR mAb treatment. CONCLUSION GCGR antagonism has a protective effect on CMECs and cardiac diastolic function in diabetic mice, and this beneficial effect may be mediated via inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial fusion in CMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lingyun Zu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Ajmal N, Bogart MC, Khan P, Max-Harry IM, Nunemaker CS. Emerging Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Beta-Cell Protection in Type 1 Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:1472. [PMID: 37296593 PMCID: PMC10253164 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that damages beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and results in hyperglycemia due to the loss of insulin. Exogenous insulin therapy can save lives but does not halt disease progression. Thus, an effective therapy may require beta-cell restoration and suppression of the autoimmune response. However, currently, there are no treatment options available that can halt T1D. Within the National Clinical Trial (NCT) database, a vast majority of over 3000 trials to treat T1D are devoted to insulin therapy. This review focuses on non-insulin pharmacological therapies. Many investigational new drugs fall under the category of immunomodulators, such as the recently FDA-approved CD-3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab. Four intriguing candidate drugs fall outside the category of immunomodulators, which are the focus of this review. Specifically, we discuss several non-immunomodulators that may have more direct action on beta cells, such as verapamil (a voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA, a major neurotransmitter with effects on beta cells), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone), and volagidemab (a glucagon receptor antagonist). These emerging anti-diabetic drugs are expected to provide promising results in both beta-cell restoration and in suppressing cytokine-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Ajmal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Palwasha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ibiagbani M. Max-Harry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Craig S. Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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3
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Cui X, Feng J, Wei T, Zhang L, Lang S, Yang K, Yang J, Liu J, Sterr M, Lickert H, Wei R, Hong T. Pancreatic alpha cell glucagon-liver FGF21 axis regulates beta cell regeneration in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:535-550. [PMID: 36331598 PMCID: PMC9892158 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonism ameliorates hyperglycaemia and promotes beta cell regeneration in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of beta cell regeneration induced by GCGR antagonism in mice. METHODS The db/db mice and high-fat diet (HFD)+streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice with type 2 diabetes were treated with antagonistic GCGR monoclonal antibody (mAb), and the metabolic variables and islet cell quantification were evaluated. Plasma cytokine array and liver RNA sequencing data were used to screen possible mediators, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). ELISA, quantitative RT-PCR and western blot were applied to verify FGF21 change. Blockage of FGF21 signalling by FGF21-neutralising antibody (nAb) was used to clarify whether FGF21 was involved in the effects of GCGR mAb on the expression of beta cell identity-related genes under plasma-conditional culture and hepatocyte co-culture conditions. FGF21 nAb-treated db/db mice, systemic Fgf21-knockout (Fgf21-/-) diabetic mice and hepatocyte-specific Fgf21-knockout (Fgf21Hep-/-) diabetic mice were used to reveal the involvement of FGF21 in beta cell regeneration. A BrdU tracing study was used to analyse beta cell proliferation in diabetic mice treated with GCGR mAb. RESULTS GCGR mAb treatment improved blood glucose control, and increased islet number (db/db 1.6±0.1 vs 0.8±0.1 per mm2, p<0.001; HFD+STZ 1.2±0.1 vs 0.5±0.1 per mm2, p<0.01) and area (db/db 2.5±0.2 vs 1.2±0.2%, p<0.001; HFD+STZ 1.0±0.1 vs 0.3±0.1%, p<0.01) in diabetic mice. The plasma cytokine array and liver RNA sequencing data showed that FGF21 levels in plasma and liver were upregulated by GCGR antagonism. The GCGR mAb induced upregulation of plasma FGF21 levels (db/db 661.5±40.0 vs 466.2±55.7 pg/ml, p<0.05; HFD+STZ 877.0±106.8 vs 445.5±54.0 pg/ml, p<0.05) and the liver levels of Fgf21 mRNA (db/db 3.2±0.5 vs 1.8±0.1, p<0.05; HFD+STZ 2.0±0.3 vs 1.0±0.2, p<0.05) and protein (db/db 2.0±0.2 vs 1.4±0.1, p<0.05; HFD+STZ 1.6±0.1 vs 1.0±0.1, p<0.01). Exposure to plasma or hepatocytes from the GCGR mAb-treated mice upregulated the mRNA levels of characteristic genes associated with beta cell identity in cultured mouse islets and a beta cell line, and blockage of FGF21 activity by an FGF21 nAb diminished this upregulation. Notably, the effects of increased beta cell number induced by GCGR mAb were attenuated in FGF21 nAb-treated db/db mice, Fgf21-/- diabetic mice and Fgf21Hep-/- diabetic mice. Moreover, GCGR mAb treatment enhanced beta cell proliferation in the two groups of diabetic mice, and this effect was weakened in Fgf21-/- and Fgf21Hep-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate that liver-derived FGF21 is involved in the GCGR antagonism-induced beta cell regeneration in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Stem Research Cell Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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4
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Wang K, Cui X, Li F, Xia L, Wei T, Liu J, Fu W, Yang J, Hong T, Wei R. Glucagon receptor blockage inhibits β-cell dedifferentiation through FoxO1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E97-E113. [PMID: 36383639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00101.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cells play pivotal roles in the development of diabetes. Glucagon promotes insulin secretion from β-cells. However, the long-term effect of glucagon on the function and phenotype of β-cells had remained elusive. In this study, we found that long-term glucagon intervention or glucagon intervention with the presence of palmitic acid downregulated β-cell-specific markers and inhibited insulin secretion in cultured β-cells. These results suggested that glucagon induced β-cell dedifferentiation under pathological conditions. Glucagon blockage by a glucagon receptor (GCGR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) attenuated glucagon-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. In primary islets, GCGR mAb treatment upregulated β-cell-specific markers and increased insulin content, suggesting that blockage of endogenous glucagon-GCGR signaling inhibited β-cell dedifferentiation. To investigate the possible mechanism, we found that glucagon decreased FoxO1 expression. FoxO1 inhibitor mimicked the effect of glucagon, whereas FoxO1 overexpression reversed the glucagon-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. In db/db mice and β-cell lineage-tracing diabetic mice, GCGR mAb lowered glucose level, upregulated plasma insulin level, increased β-cell area, and inhibited β-cell dedifferentiation. In aged β-cell-specific FoxO1 knockout mice (with the blood glucose level elevated as a diabetic model), the glucose-lowering effect of GCGR mAb was attenuated and the plasma insulin level, β-cell area, and β-cell dedifferentiation were not affected by GCGR mAb. Our results proved that glucagon induced β-cell dedifferentiation under pathological conditions, and the effect was partially mediated by FoxO1. Our study reveals a novel cross talk between α- and β-cells and is helpful to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes and discover new targets for diabetes treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cells can interact with β-cells. However, the long-term effect of glucagon on the function and phenotype of β-cells has remained elusive. Our new finding shows that long-term glucagon induces β-cell dedifferentiation in cultured β-cells. FoxO1 inhibitor mimicks whereas glucagon signaling blockage by GCGR mAb reverses the effect of glucagon. In type 2 diabetic mice, GCGR mAb increases β-cell area, improves β-cell function, and inhibits β-cell dedifferentiation, and the effect is partially mediated by FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, https://ror.org/04wwqze12Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Klempel N, Thomas K, Conlon JM, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Alpha-cells and therapy of diabetes: Inhibition, antagonism or death? Peptides 2022; 157:170877. [PMID: 36108978 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Absolute or relative hyperglucagonaemia is a characteristic of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, resulting in fasting hyperglycaemia due in part to increased hepatic glucose production and lack of postprandial suppression of circulating glucagon concentrations. Consequently, therapeutics that target glucagon secretion or biological action may be effective antidiabetic agents. In this regard, specific glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonists have been developed that exhibit impressive glucose-lowering actions, but unfortunately may cause off-target adverse effects in humans. Further to this, several currently approved antidiabetic agents, including GLP-1 mimetics, DPP-4 inhibitors, metformin, sulphonylureas and pramlintide likely exert part of their glucose homeostatic actions through direct or indirect inhibition of GCGR signalling. In addition to agents that inhibit the release of glucagon, compounds that enhance the transdifferentiation of glucagon secreting alpha-cells towards an insulin positive beta-cell phenotype could also help curb excess glucagon secretion in diabetes. Use of alpha-cell toxins represents another possible strategy to address hyperglucagonaemia in diabetes. In that respect, research from the 1920 s with diguanides such as synthalin A demonstrated effective glucose-lowering with alpha-cell ablation in both animal models and humans with diabetes. However, further clinical use of synthalin A was curtailed due its adverse effects and the increased availability of insulin. Overall, these observations with therapeutics that directly target alpha-cells, or GCGR signaling, highlight a largely untapped potential for diabetes therapy that merits further detailed consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Klempel
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Keith Thomas
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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Insights into the Role of Glucagon Receptor Signaling in Metabolic Regulation from Pharmacological Inhibition and Tissue-Specific Knockout Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081907. [PMID: 36009454 PMCID: PMC9405517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While glucagon has long been recognized as the primary counter hormone to insulin’s actions, it has recently gained recognition as a metabolic regulator with its effects extending beyond control of glycemia. Recently developed models of tissue-specific glucagon receptor knockouts have advanced our understanding of this hormone, providing novel insight into the role it plays within organs as well as its systemic effects. Studies where the pharmacological blockade of the glucagon receptor has been employed have proved similarly valuable in the study of organ-specific and systemic roles of glucagon signaling. Studies carried out employing these tools demonstrate that glucagon indeed plays a role in regulating glycemia, but also in amino acid and lipid metabolism, systemic endocrine, and paracrine function, and in the response to cardiovascular injury. Here, we briefly review recent progress in our understanding of glucagon’s role made through inhibition of glucagon receptor signaling utilizing glucagon receptor antagonists and tissue specific genetic knockout models.
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7
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Cui X, Feng J, Wei T, Gu L, Wang D, Lang S, Yang K, Yang J, Yan H, Wei R, Hong T. Pro-α-cell-derived β-cells contribute to β-cell neogenesis induced by antagonistic glucagon receptor antibody in type 2 diabetic mice. iScience 2022; 25:104567. [PMID: 35789836 PMCID: PMC9249614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of pancreatic β-cells is the key pathogenesis of diabetes, while glucagon-secreting α-cells are another player in the development of diabetes. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonism on β-cell neogenesis in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice and explore the origins of the neogenic β-cells. We showed that GCGR monoclonal antibody (mAb) elevated plasma insulin level and increased β-cell mass in T2D mice. By using α-cell lineage-tracing (glucagon-cre-β-gal) mice and inducible Ngn3+ pancreatic endocrine progenitor lineage-tracing (Ngn3-CreERT2-tdTomato) mice, we found that GCGR mAb treatment promoted α-cell regression to progenitors, and induced Ngn3+ progenitor reactivation and differentiation toward β-cells. Besides, GCGR mAb upregulated the expression levels of β-cell regeneration-associated genes and promoted insulin secretion in primary mouse islets, indicative of a direct effect on β-cell identity. Our findings suggest that GCGR antagonism not only increases insulin secretion but also promotes pro-α-cell-derived β-cell neogenesis in T2D mice. Blockage of α-cell-derived glucagon promotes β-cell regeneration in situ in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice Glucagon receptor (GCGR) mAb induces the trans-differentiation of α-cells to β-cells GCGR mAb promotes α-cell regression to pancreatic endocrine progenitors GCGR mAb induces Ngn3+ progenitor reactivation and differentiation toward β-cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
- Beijing Cosci-REMD, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author
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8
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Qiao L, Saget S, Lu C, Zang T, Dzyuba B, Hay WW, Shao J. The Essential Role of Pancreatic α-Cells in Maternal Metabolic Adaptation to Pregnancy. Diabetes 2022; 71:978-988. [PMID: 35147704 PMCID: PMC9044124 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic α-cells are important in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, but their role in regulating maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether pancreatic α-cells respond to pregnancy and their contribution to maternal metabolic adaptation. With use of C57BL/6 mice, the findings of our study showed that pregnancy induced a significant increase of α-cell mass by promoting α-cell proliferation that was associated with a transitory increase of maternal serum glucagon concentration in early pregnancy. Maternal pancreatic GLP-1 content also was significantly increased during pregnancy. Using the inducible Cre/loxp technique, we ablated the α-cells (α-null) before and during pregnancy while maintaining enteroendocrine L-cells and serum GLP-1 in the normal range. In contrast to an improved glucose tolerance test (GTT) before pregnancy, significantly impaired GTT and remarkably higher serum glucose concentrations in the fed state were observed in α-null dams. Glucagon receptor antagonism treatment, however, did not affect measures of maternal glucose metabolism, indicating a dispensable role of glucagon receptor signaling in maternal glucose homeostasis. However, the GLP-1 receptor agonist improved insulin production and glucose metabolism of α-null dams. Furthermore, GLP-1 receptor antagonist Exendin (9-39) attenuated pregnancy-enhanced insulin secretion and GLP-1 restored glucose-induced insulin secretion of cultured islets from α-null dams. Together, these results demonstrate that α-cells play an essential role in controlling maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy by enhancing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sarah Saget
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Cindy Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tianyi Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brianna Dzyuba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Corresponding author: Jianhua Shao,
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9
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Franklin ZJ, Lafferty RA, Flatt PR, McShane LM, O'Harte FP, Irwin N. Metabolic effects of combined glucagon receptor antagonism and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism in high fat fed mice. Biochimie 2022; 199:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Wei T, Wei R, Hong T. Regeneration of β cells from cell phenotype conversion among the pancreatic endocrine cells. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:1-4. [PMID: 35620156 PMCID: PMC9128562 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
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Guo X, Cui C, Song J, He Q, Zang N, Hu H, Wang X, Li D, Wang C, Hou X, Li X, Liang K, Yan F, Chen L. Mof acetyltransferase inhibition ameliorates glucose intolerance and islet dysfunction of type 2 diabetes via targeting pancreatic α-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111425. [PMID: 34391847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that Mof was highly expressed in α-cells, and its knockdown led to ameliorated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance in non-diabetic mice, attributed by reduced total α-cell but enhanced prohormone convertase (PC)1/3-positive α-cell mass. However, how Mof and histone 4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac) control α-cell and whether Mof inhibition improves glucose handling in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mice remain unknown. METHODS Mof overexpression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence (ChIP-seq) based on H4K16ac were applied to determine the effect of Mof on α-cell transcriptional factors and underlying mechanism. Then we administrated mg149 to α-TC1-6 cell line, wild type, db/db and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice to observe the impact of Mof inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, western blotting and TUNEL staining were used to examine α-cell apoptosis and function. In vivo, glucose tolerance, hormone levels, islet population, α-cell ratio and the co-staining of glucagon and PC1/3 or PC2 were examined. RESULTS Mof activated α-cell-specific transcriptional network. ChIP-seq results indicated that H4K16ac targeted essential genes regulating α-cell differentiation and function. Mof activity inhibition in vitro caused impaired α-cell function and enhanced apoptosis. In vivo, it contributed to ameliorated glucose intolerance and islet dysfunction, characterized by decreased fasting glucagon and elevated post-challenge insulin levels in T2DM mice. CONCLUSION Mof regulates α-cell differentiation and function via acetylating H4K16ac and H4K16ac binding to Pax6 and Foxa2 promoters. Mof inhibition may be a potential interventional target for T2DM, which led to decreased α-cell ratio but increased PC1/3-positive α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine School of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Life Science School of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Wu T, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao Y, Long H, Muhindo EM, Liu R, Sui W, Li Q, Zhang M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 Ameliorate Hyperglycemia through a Regulating Glucagon-Mediated Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8797-8806. [PMID: 34340304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the antidiabetic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Our data indicated that the fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by 53.5% after treatment with LRa05 at a dose of 109 CFU·day-1. Meanwhile, LRa05 attenuated insulin resistance, relieved hepatic oxidative stress, and alleviated metabolic lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation in T2DM mice. LRa05 promoted the expression of glucose transporter 2, while it inhibited the expression of glucagon receptor, glucose-6-phosphatase, cellular adenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, LRa05 reshaped gut microbiota, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid bacteria (Alloprevotella and Bacteroides) and decreased proinflammatory bacteria (Odoribacter and Mucispirillum). Thus, LRa05 may be used as a functional food supplement for modulating the disorder glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hairong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | | | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Wang J, Osada T, Morse MA, Calzone F, Yan H, Thai D, Lyerly HK. Targeting the glucagon receptor signaling pathway as a novel strategy to counteract PI3K inhibitor induced hyperglycemia while sustaining tumor PI3K inhibition. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1761-1764. [PMID: 33576297 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1881504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Dung Thai
- REMD Biotherapeutics, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Malaguarnera R, Scamporrino A, Filippello A, Di Mauro S, Minardo A, Purrello F, Piro S. The entero-insular axis: a journey in the physiopathology of diabetes. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic homeostasis is an essential mechanism for the proper working of an organism. However, balance in blood lipid and protein levels also plays an important role. The discovery of the hormone insulin and the description of its function for glycemic control made fundamental scientific progress in this field. However, since then our view of the problem has been deeply influenced only in terms of glucose and insulin (in an insulin-centric and glucose-centric way). Based on recent scientific discoveries, a fine and sophisticated network of hormonal and metabolic interactions, involving almost every apparatus and tissue of the human body, has been theorized. Efficient metabolic homeostasis is founded on these intricate interactions. Although it is still not fully defined, this complex network can undergo alterations that lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The endocrine pancreas plays a crucial role in the metabolic balance of an organism, but insulin is just one of the elements involved and each single pancreatic islet hormone is worthy of our concern. Moreover, pancreatic hormones need to be considered in a general view, concerning both their systemic function as direct mediators and as hormones, which, in turn, are regulated by other hormones or other substances. This more complex scenario should be taken into account for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the therapeutic algorithms of DM. As a consequence, improvements in modern medicine could help to contemplate this new perspective. This review is focused on some aspects of gut-pancreas interaction, aiming to integrate this synergy into a wider context involving other organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minardo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
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