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Pautasso NA, Poletta GL, Paravani EV, Sasal MC, Simoniello MF. DNA damage and oxidative stress in gill cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to pesticides by runoff source in an agricultural basin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:187-197. [PMID: 36719131 DOI: 10.1002/em.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In our country, great concern exists about diffuse pollution cause by the great use of pesticides in rural environments. A thorough analysis is needed to generate information, know the real situation and thus, be able to make decisions with the purpose of reducing environmental pollution. In situ bioassays have been carried out using Cnesterodon decemmaculatus within limnocorrals located in a surface natural water system that receives rainfall excess flowing from an agricultural basin with a typical crop rotation, including corn, wheat and soy. Specimens were taken from the limnocorrals 72 h after a probed natural runoff event toward the water body, and the gill cells were used to evaluate the DNA damage (comet assay, CA), catalase enzyme activity (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the water (pH, temperature) and the presence and concentration of pesticides were carried out. The results showed significant differences on DNA damage and oxidative stress on the gill cells of the exposed fish compared to controls, being the combination of the rain regime and the mixtures of pesticides used in corn and soy more toxic than in wheat. These results highlight the necessity to understand detrimental processes caused by pesticides used in extensive systems of primary production, in order to prevent and minimize diffuse contamination, contributing to environmental recovery and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Laura Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Valentín Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ingeniería-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - María Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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The role of ascorbic acid combined exposure on Imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14716. [PMID: 34282219 PMCID: PMC8289846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n = 10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72 h-LC50 and 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72 h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 and 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition, the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p ˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 and 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.
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Brodeur JC, Poletta GL, Simoniello MF, Carriquiriborde P, Cristos DS, Pautasso N, Paravani E, Poliserpi MB, D'Andrea MF, Gonzalez PV, Aca VL, Curto AE. The problem with implementing fish farms in agricultural regions: A trial in a pampean pond highlights potential risks to both human and fish health. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128408. [PMID: 33182150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The safety of creating fish farms in agricultural settings was evaluated by growing Piaractus mesopotamicus in a pond, while crops where cultivated in a nearby field under a pesticide application regime typical of the Pampa region. Atrazine, glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were detected in the water of the pond at concentrations ranging between 92 and 118 μg/L for atrazine, 12 and 221 μg/L for glyphosate and 21 and 117 μg/L for AMPA. Atrazine and malathion were detected in fish muscles at concentrations ranging between 70 and 105 μg/kg for atrazine and 8.6 and 23.7 μg/kg for malathion. Compared to fish raised in a pisciculture, fish from the agricultural pond presented reduced values of pack cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, together with significantly greater cholinesterase activity in both plasma and liver and reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver. A comet assay also demonstrated that P. mesopotamicus from the agricultural pond presented a significantly greater level of DNA damage in both erythrocytes and gill cells. Overall, the present study demonstrates that pisciculture ponds established in an agricultural setting may receive pesticides applied to nearby cultures and that these pesticides may be taken up by the fish and affect their physiology and health. The accumulation of pesticides residues in fish flesh may also present a risk to human consumers and should be closely controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Gisela L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego S Cristos
- Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nestor Pautasso
- Estacion Experimental Paraná, Centro Regional Entre Ríos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 11, Km. 12.5 (3100), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Enrique Paravani
- Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M Belen Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Florencia D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Patricia V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana López Aca
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro E Curto
- Dirección Centro Regional Entre Ríos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 11, Km. 12.5 (3100), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Khafaga AF, Naiel MAE, Dawood MAO, Abdel-Latif HMR. Dietary Origanum vulgare essential oil attenuates cypermethrin-induced biochemical changes, oxidative stress, histopathological alterations, apoptosis, and reduces DNA damage in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105624. [PMID: 32947072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the possible protective roles of dietary Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) against cypermethrin (CP)-induced serum biochemical changes and oxidative stress of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Moreover, histopathological alterations, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in the gills and hepatic tissues were also assessed. Briefly, fish were allotted into six groups with three triplicates whereas a group fed on basal diet and did not exposed to CP and served as control (CTR), two groups were fed on diets supplemented with two levels of OVEO (0.5 % and 1.0 %), a group exposed to sub-lethal concentration of CP (1/10 of 96 h-LC50 = 0.4134 μg/L), and two other groups exposed to the same concentration of CP and fed on diets supplemented with both levels of OVEO (CP + 0.5 % OVEO, and CP + 1.0 % OVEO), respectively, for 30 days. CP induced significant elevation of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine levels indicating hepato-renal toxicity (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (P < 0.05). Moreover, CP induced significant histopathologic alterations in gills, anterior kidneys, and hepatic tissues with activation of apoptosis (Caspase-3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Comet assay demonstrated significant DNA damage in gills and liver tissues of the CP-exposed group. Interestingly, a significant attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, CAT, and SOD levels (P < 0.05) was noticed in CP-exposed fish and concurrently fed diets supplemented with either 0.5 % or 1.0 % OVEO. Moreover, histopathologic alterations and apoptosis were significantly reduced along with a concomitant significant decrease in DNA damage (P < 0.05) which indicated the mitigation of DNA damage. Conclusively, the study showed that OVEO is an effective counteractive treatment against CP-induced damage in exposed common carp and is recommended during the formulation of fish rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Behera Province, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Behera Province, Egypt.
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Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Mediation of oxidative stress toxicity induced by pyrethroid pesticides in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 234:108758. [PMID: 32289527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides are banned in most countries because they cause high toxicity and bioaccumulation in non-target organisms. Pyrethroid pesticides have been applied to agriculture and aquaculture since the 1970s to replace traditional pesticides. However, pyrethroids are approximately 1000 times more toxic to fish than to mammals and birds. Fish-specific organs such as the gills and their late metabolic action against this type of pesticide make fish highly susceptible to the toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the neurological, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by pyrethroids. Deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin are representative pyrethroid pesticides that induce oxidative stress in tissues such as the gills, liver, and muscles of fish and cause histopathological changes. Although they are observed in low concentrations in aquatic environments such as rivers, lakes, and surface water they induce DNA damage and apoptosis in fish. Pyrethroid pesticides cause ROS-mediated oxidative stress in fish species including carp, tilapia, and trout. They also cause lipid peroxidation and alter the state of DNA, proteins, and lipids in the cells of fish. Moreover, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity following pyrethroid pesticide exposure make fish more susceptible to oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants. In this review, we examine the occurrence of pyrethroid pesticides in the aquatic environment and oxidative stress-induced toxicity in fish exposed to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Fernández San Juan MR, Cortelezzi A, Albornoz CB, Landro SM, Arrighetti F, Najle R, Lavarías SML. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety toxicity of pyrethroid cypermethrin on the freshwater snail Chilina parchappii: Lethal and sublethal effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110565. [PMID: 32272347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) on the non-target freshwater snail Chilina parchappi. Initially, the sensitivity of adult snails to CYP was evaluated via the 96-h LC50 test. Then, snails were exposed to subtethal CYP concentrations (0.1 and 10 mg/l) for 1, 4 and 10 days and the digestive glands were dissected for biomarkers analyses. Enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as total glutathione reduced (GSH) levels, were determined. Histological analyses of morphology, intracellular accumulation of lipofucsins and neutral lipids accumulation in the digestive gland were also evaluated. As compared to other molluscs, C. parchappi showed high resistance to CYP exposure evidenced by the 96-h LC50 value (44.59 mg/l). Snails exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in GST (79-116%) and GPx (45-190%) activities with respect to controls. However, CAT activity showed a tendency to decrease with CYP treatment but was not statistically significantly different compared to control. Only high CYP concentration caused a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in GSH content (95-196%). There was evidence of structural changes in the digestive gland of snails exposed to CYP, showing a dose-dependent response. In exposed snails, some of the main symptoms included a reduction in the thickness of the epithelium, vacuolisation of the digestive cells and an increase in the number of excretory cells. Accumulation of lipofuscins (933-1006%) and neutral lipids (403%) were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) in snails exposed to CYP compared to control. This study showed that C. parchappii is quite tolerant to CYP exposure and that at sublethal concentrations, GSH metabolism could play a protective role against the pesticide harm in snails. Therefore, it would be interesting to study the response of this organism to other environmental stressors to assess its potential use in monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Fernández San Juan
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, UNICEN-CICPBA, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina
| | - A Cortelezzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, UNICEN-CICPBA, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina
| | - C B Albornoz
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina
| | - S M Landro
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - F Arrighetti
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - R Najle
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Argentina
| | - S M L Lavarías
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina; Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Casco VH. Cypermethrin induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress in zebrafish gill cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:1-7. [PMID: 30743075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, used to control pests in domestic, industrial and agricultural environments. According to recent reports, it is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential genotoxic effect and the activation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) systems of adult zebrafish gill cells after in vivo exposure. The comet assay (CA) demonstrated that gill cells are sensitive to DNA damage after in vitro exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), showing a dose-dependent response. We also found an increase in DNA damage of gill cells following a dose- and time-dependent treatment with CYP. Moreover, it was verified that SOD and CAT activities significantly increased after exposure to 0.6 µg/L CYP, both during six and nine days. The same treatment caused a significant up-regulation of the mRNA levels of Mn-sod and cat genes. These data indicate that CYP causes gill cell's DNA damage and oxidative stress, modifying the activities of the enzymes responsible for maintaining ROS balance, as well as in their corresponding gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina; IBB-CONICET-UNER, Argentina.
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Vieira CED, Dos Reis Martinez CB. The pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin induces biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological alterations in the teleost Prochilodus lineatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:958-967. [PMID: 30208556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The λ-cyhalothrin (CL) is a globally used pyrethroid insecticide that has been detected in different water bodies worldwide. However, studies on the effects of CL on freshwater fishes are still incipient. In this context, we evaluated the acute effects of a commercial formulation containing CL (Karate Zeon® CS 50) in juveniles of the teleost Prochilodus lineatus exposed for 96 h to four concentrations of the active ingredient (5, 50, 250 and 500 ng.L-1). Biochemical, physiological, and genotoxic biomarkers were evaluated in different organs of the fish. Exposure to CL induced significant changes in the enzymatic profiles of P. lineatus, with specific alterations in biotransformation enzymes and antioxidant defence in different tissues. Lipid peroxidation was observed in fish gills and kidney. Increases in esterases were observed in the liver of fish exposed to all CL concentrations evaluated, whereas acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in the muscles of fish at all concentrations. CL also promoted osmoregulatory disorders, with decreases in calcium and magnesium gill ATPases, with consequent hypocalcaemia, in addition an increase in sodium-potassium ATPase activity was observed in the gills of fish exposed to the highest CL concentration, probably in order to compensate a reduction in plasma sodium. Besides, increases in DNA damage were observed in the erythrocytes of fish exposed to all CL concentrations. Thus, despite the low CL concentrations and the short exposure time, this pyrethroid caused hematological adjustments, oxidative stress, osmoregulatory disorders, and DNA damage in P. lineatus, showing that the species is highly sensitive to the deleterious effects of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Davico CE, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Poletta G, Simoniello MF. Stress oxidative and genotoxicity in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) exposed to commercial formulation of insecticide cypermethrin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:79-84. [PMID: 30192683 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of toxic pesticides has become a world problem because they can contaminate streams and rivers, producing an adverse impact on non-target aquatic biota, including fishes. Cypermethrin is one of the most important insecticides to control ectoparasites in wide-scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial formulations of cypermethrin, SHERPA O (0.0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 µg/L of cypermethrin) in fish Prochilodus lineatus for 96 h in semi-static condition, using biomarkers of genotoxicity: micronucleus frequency (MNF) in erythrocytes and biomarkers of oxidative damage: lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant defenses, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue. Our results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of CAT at pesticide concentrations of 0.150 and 0.300 μg/L, but no significant difference was observed in TBARS or GSH in any exposed group (p > 0.05) in comparison to the control. A significant increase was observed in the MNF in the group exposed to 0.3 μg/L of cypermethrin compared to negative control (p < 0.05). Finally, P. lineatus proved to be a sensitive species to the commercial formulations of cypermethrin and that CAT and MNF are effective indicators of these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Davico
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Loteste
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M J Parma
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Castro TFD, da Silva Souza JG, de Carvalho AFS, de Lima Assis I, Palmieri MJ, Vieira LFA, Marcussi S, Machado MRF, Murgas LDS. Anxiety-associated behavior and genotoxicity found in adult Danio rerio exposed to tebuconazole-based commercial product. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:140-146. [PMID: 30025356 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of commercial product based on tebuconazole, on adults of Danio rerio, were evaluated through novel tank diving test and micronucleus and comet assay tests. A total of 320 adult D. rerio were divided into eight tanks and exposed to concentrations of 0; 100; 200 and 300 μg/L the commercial product based on tebuconazole, with their respective replicates at 24, 72 and 96 h. The results showed a behavioral deviation of zebrafish and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in DNA damage as a function of exposed time and different concentrations of the commercial product in relation to the negative control. The results obtained in this study allow to conclude that tebuconazole has effects on adults of Danio rerio, inducing genotoxicity and mutagenicity, as well as altering neurological functions related to the change in the behavior of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Flávia Dias Castro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - José Gilmar da Silva Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Aline Ferreira Souza de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isadora de Lima Assis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcel José Palmieri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Fonseca Andrade Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Monica Rodrigues Ferreira Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus university city, BR 364, Km 195, nº 3800, CEP: 75801-615, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, CP: 3037, CEP: 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Ullah S, Zuberi A, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Dadar M, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Iqbal HMN. Cypermethrin induced toxicities in fish and adverse health outcomes: Its prevention and control measure adaptation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:863-871. [PMID: 29202434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are being widely employed in the modern agriculture, though in different quantities, across the globe. Although it is useful for crops yield enhancement, however, there are the serious environment, health and safety related concerns for aquatic and terrestrial living biomes that include humans, animals, and plants. Various in practice and emerging pesticides adversely affect the survival, development and biological systems stability. Several research efforts have been made to highlight the bio-safety and toxicological features of toxicants through risk assessment studies using different animal models, e.g., different fish species. Among several pesticides, cypermethrin is extensively used in agriculture and households, and the reported concentrations of this pesticide in different water bodies including rivers and streams, soil and even in rainwater are threatening. Consequently, cypermethrin is considered for risk assessment studies to know about its deep and different level of toxicological effects subject to its dose, exposure time and route. The cypermethrin existence/persistence in the environment is posing a severe threat to humans as well as another non-target terrestrial and aquatic organism. Herein, the toxic effects of pesticides, with special reference to cypermethrin, on fish, the mode of toxicity, concerns regarding public health and harmful impacts on human beings are comprehensively reviewed. The information is also given on their appropriate control and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- Laboratory of Fisheries, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Laboratory of Fisheries, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600051, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281001, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico.
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12
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Zolessi FR, Casco VH. Cypermethrin: Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in retinal cells of the adult zebrafish. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 826:25-32. [PMID: 29412866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CM), widely used for control of indoor and field pests, is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. We evaluated CM genotoxicity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in retinal cells of adult zebrafish. Histological and immunofluorescence techniques show the presence of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish retina after 9 d of treatment with 0.6 μg/L CM. Histone γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was detected in both outer and inner nuclear layers; caspase-3, an apoptotic marker, was detected in the outer nuclear layer. In the comet assay, the cells were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, showing a dose-dependent response. We observed a positive comet assay response to CM that was dose- and time-dependent. Following exposure to CM, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and sod and cat mRNA levels, increased. These results indicate that CM causes DNA damage and oxidative stress and can induce apoptosis in retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - F R Zolessi
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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13
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Zeljezic D, Vinkovic B, Kasuba V, Kopjar N, Milic M, Mladinic M. The effect of insecticides chlorpyrifos, α-cypermethrin and imidacloprid on primary DNA damage, TP 53 and c-Myc structural integrity by comet-FISH assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:332-338. [PMID: 28505574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the continuous use of conventional insecticides, introduction of more environmentally friendly substances continues to grow in modern agriculture. In the present study, we evaluated chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as two representatives of green insecticides for their genotoxic activity. We conducted a 14-day treatment in extended human lymphocytes cultures using real life exposure relevant concentrations. An alkaline comet assay was used to detect primary DNA damage. Simultaneously, the effect on the specific action towards the TP 53 and c-Myc genes in terms of fragmentation and copy number were determined. Both genes are responsible for cell cycle regulation; thus playing an active role in carcinogenesis. Contrary to what was expected, imidacloprid showed the highest genotoxicity potential, irrespective of the fact that none of the insecticides induced a significant level of primary DNA damage at all tested concentrations. Similar, no significant effect towards the TP 53 and c-Myc gene was recorded. The present study indicates that low level use of chlorpyrifos as a conventional insecticide and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as green insecticides does not pose a risk to DNA in general, nor to the TP 53 and c-Myc gene structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Benjamin Vinkovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilena Kasuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Želježić D, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kašuba V, Tariba B, Živković T, Marjanović AM, Pavičić I, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and biochemical markers of insecticide toxicity evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and an HepG2 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Javed M, Ahmad I, Usmani N, Ahmad M. Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in fish (Channa punctatus) exposed to a thermal power plant effluent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:163-169. [PMID: 26829070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal bioaccumulation and induction of biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and DNA damage are potential indicators of stress in Channa punctatus exposed to effluents. In canal water, receiving thermal power plant discharges, Fe and Ni concentrations exceeded the recommended guidelines set by the United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Monitoring System (UNEPGEMS). Fe was highly bioavailable and accumulated in all organs (liver, kidney, muscle and integument). The highest metal pollution index (MPI) value of 41.2 was observed in kidney and the lowest 13.5 in muscle tissue. LPO, SOD, CAT and GST levels were significantly higher in liver and kidney, whereas GSH levels declined significantly compared to fish from the reference site. Concomitant damage to DNA was observed with significantly higher mean tail length in the exposed fish gill cells (26.5µm) and in liver (20.8µm) compared to reference fish. Therefore, it can be concluded that the thermal power plant effluent had the potential to cause oxidative stress and DNA damage in C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehjbeen Javed
- Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Zhao F, Wang B, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Induction of DNA base damage and strand breaks in peripheral erythrocytes and the underlying mechanism in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to monocrotophos. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:613-624. [PMID: 25666866 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as the model animal, the present study revealed the types of the DNA damage induced by monocrotophos, a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide, and explored the mechanism underlying the DNA-damaging effect of this pesticide. Results of the alkaline comet assay showed that global DNA damage (including single- and double-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites) in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish, measured as olive tail moment, was significantly increased by exposure to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L monocrotophos for 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. In particular, alkali-labile sites rather than single- or double-strand breaks, distinguished by the alkaline, pH 12.1, and neutral comet assays, were mainly induced by monocrotophos at 48 h. Oxidative damage in DNA bases and telomeric DNA was investigated by using the alkaline comet assay combined with endonuclease III or formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and with fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Further, glutathione peroxidase activity significantly decreased at 24 h but increased at 96 and 168 h, and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased at 48 h but gradually decreased at 96 and 168 h, which indicated an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at short exposure durations, but effective scavenging at long exposure durations in the peripheral blood tissues. Accordingly, our results suggest that DNA damage induced by monocrotophos in fish blood cells is possibly due to the inhibition of ROS scavenging and resulted accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Nambi KSN, Farook MA, Vimal S, Sahul Hameed AS. In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress of cypermethrin on five fish cell lines. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 113:15-24. [PMID: 25052522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides and herbicides to enhance crop production has aroused great concern, because these products are likely to reach the aquatic environment, thereby posing a health concern for humans and aquatic species. Cypermethrin (CYP), a type II pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture and for other purposes. Therefore a study was conducted for the assessment of cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress of CYP in IEG, CB, ICG, LRG and CSG cell lines at 24h exposure. The cytotoxic effect of CYP in IEG, CB, ICG, LRG and CSG cell lines was assessed using MTT, NR, AB and CB assays. Linear correlations between each EC50 values, of CYP resulting in 50% inhibition of cytotoxicity parameters after 24h exposure to CYP were calculated for IEG, CB, ICG, LRG and CSG cell lines using MTT, NR, AB and CB assays. Statistical analysis revealed good correlation with R(2)=0.90-0.939 for all combinations between endpoints employed. The percentage of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay in IEG, CB, ICG, LRG and CSG cells exposed to CYP. The results of antioxidant parameters obtained show a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and decreased level of GSH, SOD and CAT in IEG, CB, ICG, LRG and CSG cell lines after exposure to increasing CYP in a concentration-dependent manner. This work proves that fish cell lines could be used not only for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies but also for studying oxidative stress when exposed to environmental contaminants such as pesticides and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Taju
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K S N Nambi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M A Farook
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509 Vellore District, Tamilnadu, India.
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