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Bianchi M, Paravani EV, Acosta MG, Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Pesticide-induced alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, histology, DNA damage and mRNA expression: An integrated approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109895. [PMID: 38479676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
To assess the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides, as well as the insecticide imidacloprid, both individually and in combination, the gills of adult zebrafish were used due to their intimate interaction with chemicals diluted in water. Bioassays were performed exposing the animals to the different pesticides and their mixture for 96 h. The behavior of the fish was analyzed, a histological examination of the gills was carried out, and the genotoxic effects were also analyzed by means of the comet assay (CA) and the change in the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathways of the oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. The length traveled and the average speed of the control fish, compared to those exposed to the pesticides and mainly those exposed to the mixture, were significantly greater. All the groups exposed individually exhibited a decrease in thigmotaxis time, indicating a reduction in the behavior of protecting themselves from predators. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the structures of the gill tissues. The quantification of the histological lesions showed mild lesions in the fish exposed to imidacloprid, moderate to severe lesions for glyphosate, and severe lesions in the case of 2,4-D and the mixture of pesticides. The CA revealed the sensitivity of gill cells to DNA damage following exposure to glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and the mixture. Finally, both genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway and those related to the cell apoptosis pathway were overexpressed, while the ogg1 gene, involved in DNA repair, was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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Chacón CF, Parachú Marcó MV, Poletta GL, Siroski PA. Lipid metabolism in crocodilians: a field with promising applications in the field of ecotoxicology. Environ Res 2024:119017. [PMID: 38704009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In the last years, lipid physiology has become an important research target for systems biology applied to the field of ecotoxicology. Lipids are not only essential components of biological membranes, but also participate in extra and intracellular signaling processes and as signal transducers and amplifiers of regulatory cascades. Particularly in sauropsids, lipids are the main source of energy for reproduction, growth, and embryonic development. In nature, organisms are exposed to different stressors, such as parasites, diseases and environmental contaminants, which interact with lipid signaling and metabolic pathways, disrupting lipid homeostasis. The system biology approach applied to ecotoxicological studies is crucial to evaluate metabolic regulation under environmental stress produced by xenobiotics. In this review, we cover information of molecular mechanisms that contribute to lipid metabolism homeostasis in sauropsids, specifically in crocodilian species. We focus on the role of lipid metabolism as a powerful source of energy and its importance during oocyte maturation, which has been increasingly recognized in many species, but information is still scarce in crocodiles. Finally, we highlight priorities for future research on the influence of environmental stressors on lipid metabolism, their potential effect on the reproductive system and thus on the offspring, and their implications on crocodilians conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Chacón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICiVet Litoral-CONICET/UNL). Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe. Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. de Santa Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - M V Parachú Marcó
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICiVet Litoral-CONICET/UNL). Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe. Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. de Santa Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICiVet Litoral-CONICET/UNL). Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe. Argentina; Cátedra Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P A Siroski
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ICiVet Litoral-CONICET/UNL). Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe. Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. de Santa Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Alterations in the Expression of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Response to Pesticide Exposure During Embryonic Development in the Native Reptile Species Caiman latirostris. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 110:3. [PMID: 36484838 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the expression levels of Catalase (cat) and copper, zinc Superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-sod) genes involved in the antioxidant response in Caiman latirostris (broad-snouted caiman) blood, after embryonic exposure to the formulations cypermethrin (CYP), chlorpyrifos (CPF), glyphosate (GLY), and their binary and ternary mixtures. Experimental groups were: negative control (NC-distilled water), vehicle control (VC-ethanol), GLY-2%, CYP- 0.12%, CPF- 0.8%, a ternary mixture of them (TM), and three binary mixtures. The applications were made on the nest material in contact with the eggs at the beginning of the incubation period. After hatching, RNA was isolated from blood and expression levels analyzed through qPCR. The results showed downregulation in the expression of sod and cat genes in the three binary mixtures studied, compared to the controls. In addition, we found a possible antagonistic effect between different pesticides in the TM on the expression of both genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Odetti
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina.
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré- Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Odetti LM, López González EC, Romito ML, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Caiman latirostris hatchlings exposed to pesticide formulations and their mixtures during incubation period. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 193:110312. [PMID: 32109584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and the consequent use of pesticides lead to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats of several wild species. Then, many species are inevitably exposed to a wide amount of pesticide formulations. Glyphosate (GLY)-based formulations are the most used herbicide, whereas two of the most employed insecticides are chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP). The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity, oxidative damage, and the modulation of antioxidants defenses in peripheral blood of Caiman latirostris after embryonic exposure to pesticide formulations and their mixtures. Pesticides concentrations employed were equivalent to those recommended in agricultural practices for application in soybean crops and a half of them: GLY: 2% and 1%; CYP: 0.12% and 0.06%; CPF: 0.8% and 0.4%. Two similar experiments (E1 and E2) were carried out in consecutive years, where C. latirostris eggs were exposed to pesticide formulations separately and in different mixtures through application on the incubation material. After hatching, blood samples were taken and genotoxicity and oxidative stress was evaluated through the micronucleus (MN) test, the modified comet assay, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes. The results indicated the presence of DNA damage, oxidation of purines and pyrimidines, and increased frequency of micronucleus (FMN) in the case of GLY, CYP, and CPF formulations exposure, as well as in all the mixtures tested, with respect to the control groups. Specifically, the results observed for the mixtures would indicate independent action or antagonism of the components for DNA damage and base oxidation (purines and pyrimidines) and a possible potentiation interaction for the FMN in two binary mixtures. However, there were not differences regarding lipid peroxidation, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and growth parameters. This study proved that the use of pesticide formulations at concentrations used in the field generate deleterious genetic effects on this species, then, exposure to them could threaten its survival and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Odetti
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina
| | - E C López González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; Lab. de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral-UNL/CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805 (3080), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Romito
- Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Casco VH. Cypermethrin induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress in zebrafish gill cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:1-7. [PMID: 30743075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, used to control pests in domestic, industrial and agricultural environments. According to recent reports, it is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential genotoxic effect and the activation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) systems of adult zebrafish gill cells after in vivo exposure. The comet assay (CA) demonstrated that gill cells are sensitive to DNA damage after in vitro exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), showing a dose-dependent response. We also found an increase in DNA damage of gill cells following a dose- and time-dependent treatment with CYP. Moreover, it was verified that SOD and CAT activities significantly increased after exposure to 0.6 µg/L CYP, both during six and nine days. The same treatment caused a significant up-regulation of the mRNA levels of Mn-sod and cat genes. These data indicate that CYP causes gill cell's DNA damage and oxidative stress, modifying the activities of the enzymes responsible for maintaining ROS balance, as well as in their corresponding gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina; IBB-CONICET-UNER, Argentina.
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Burella PM, Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted caiman) exposed in ovo to pesticide formulations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:437-443. [PMID: 29908455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface used for agricultural production in Argentina significantly increased in recent years, mainly due to the expansion of soybean crops. As a result, the use of agrochemicals increased too. Many natural populations of Caiman latirostris (broad-snouted caiman) are affected by habitat fragmentation and the constant exposure to pesticides. This exposure could produce Reactive Oxygen Species. The negative imbalance between ROS generation and the capacity of the biological systems to eliminate the reactive intermediaries or avoid the damage is called Oxidative Stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in C. latirostris hatchlings after in ovo exposure to widely used pesticide formulations. Embryos were exposed by topical exposure on the eggshell, from the beginning of incubation period, to sub-lethal concentrations of two glyphosate formulations: PanzerGold® (PANZ) and Roundup® Full II (RU): 500, 750, 1000 μg/egg; to the endosulfan (END) formulation Galgofan® and the cypermethrin (CYP) formulation Atanor®: 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/ egg. Blood samples were taken to all animals immediately after hatching for the application and comparison of the following oxidative stress biomarkers between the exposed groups and their respective controls: lipoperoxidation through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), DNA base oxidation through the modified comet assay, and the activities of Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes. Our results showed lipoperoxidation in caiman exposed to END (10, 100, 1000 µg/egg), CYP (1, 10, 1000 µg/egg), RU (500, 1000 µg/egg) and PANZ (500, 1000 µg/egg), DNA base oxidation in those exposed to END (10, 100, 1000 µg/egg), CYP (1, 10 µg/egg) and PANZ (500, 750 µg/egg) as well as alteration in the activity of SOD in END 1 µg/egg and CYP (10, 1000 µg/egg). This study demonstrated the incidence of oxidative stress in animals exposed to pesticide formulations widely used in agricultural activity associated mainly with soybean crops, and add further information to that previously reported about pesticide effects in this native reptile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Burella
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - L M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré'' Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Zolessi FR, Casco VH. Cypermethrin: Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in retinal cells of the adult zebrafish. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2017; 826:25-32. [PMID: 29412866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CM), widely used for control of indoor and field pests, is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. We evaluated CM genotoxicity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in retinal cells of adult zebrafish. Histological and immunofluorescence techniques show the presence of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish retina after 9 d of treatment with 0.6 μg/L CM. Histone γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was detected in both outer and inner nuclear layers; caspase-3, an apoptotic marker, was detected in the outer nuclear layer. In the comet assay, the cells were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, showing a dose-dependent response. We observed a positive comet assay response to CM that was dose- and time-dependent. Following exposure to CM, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and sod and cat mRNA levels, increased. These results indicate that CM causes DNA damage and oxidative stress and can induce apoptosis in retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - F R Zolessi
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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López González EC, Larriera A, Siroski PA, Poletta GL. Micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities on Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted caiman) hatchlings after embryonic exposure to different pesticide formulations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 136:84-91. [PMID: 27821305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticide commercial formulations widely used in soybean crops through the Micronucleus (MN) test and other Nuclear Abnormalities (NAs) in erythrocytes of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris), exposed by topical application through the eggshell. Embryos were exposed (during all incubation: 70 days approximately) to sub-lethal concentrations of two glyphosate formulations PanzerGold® (PANZ) and Roundup® Full II (RU) (500, 750, 1000µg/egg); to the endosulfan (END) formulation Galgofan® and the cypermethrin (CYP) formulation Atanor® (1, 10, 100, and 1000µg/ egg). Blood samples were taken at the moment of hatching from the spinal vein for the application of the MN test and analysis of other NAs in erythrocytes, as markers of genotoxicity. Results indicated a significant increase in the frequency of MN for PANZ1000, END 10, CYP 1 and CYP 100 (p<0.05), and in the frequency of other NAs including Buds: END 100, 1000 and CYP 10 (p<0.05), eccentric nuclei: END 1, 10, 1000, CYP 10, 100, 1000 (p<0.01) and END 100 (p<0.05), notched nuclei: END 1, 10 (p<0.01) and END 1000, CYP 10, 100,1000 (p<0.05), and total nuclear abnormalities: END 1, 10, 100, 1000, CYP 10, 100 and 1000 (p<0.01), and the positive control (PC) (p<0.05), compared with the negative control. It was demonstrated a concentration dependent-effect in MN frequency only for PANZ (R2=0.98; p<0.01). Our study demonstrated that commercial formulations of pesticides induced genotoxic effects on C. latirostris, and NAs are a good indicator of genotoxicity in this specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C López González
- "Proyecto Yacaré'' - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argetina; CONICET, Av Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
| | - A Larriera
- "Proyecto Yacaré'' - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argetina
| | - P A Siroski
- "Proyecto Yacaré'' - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argetina; CONICET, Av Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- "Proyecto Yacaré'' - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argetina; CONICET, Av Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina; Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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Poletta GL, López González E, Burella PM, Romito ML, Siroski PA, Mudry MD. Chapter 20. Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination in Reptile Species: The Effect of Pesticide Formulations on Broad-snouted Caiman Caiman latirostris (Crocodilia, Alligatoridae). Issues in Toxicology 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782629887-00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Poletta GL, Gigena F, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Kleinsorge EC, Simoniello MF. Comet assay in gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus exposed in vivo to cypermethrin. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2013; 107:385-390. [PMID: 24267701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural chemicals can induce genetic alterations on aquatic organisms that have been associated with effects on growth, reproduction and population dynamics. The evaluation of DNA damage in fish using the comet assay (CA) frequently involves the utilization of erythrocytes. However, epithelial gill cells (EGC) can be more sensitive, as they are constantly dividing and in direct contact with potentially stressing compounds from the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate (1) the sensitivity and suitability of epithelial gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus in response to different genotoxic agents through the application of the CA, (2) the induction of DNA damage in this cell population after in vivo exposure to cypermethrin. Baseline value of the CA damage index (DI) for EGC of juvenile P. lineatus was 144.68±5.69. Damage increased in a dose-dependent manner after in vitro exposure of EGC to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and H2O2, two known genotoxic agents. In vivo exposure of fish to cypermethrin induced a significant increase in DNA DI of EGC at 0.150μg/l (DI: 239.62±6.21) and 0.300μg/l (270.63±2.09) compared to control (150.25±4.38) but no effect was observed at 0.075μg/l (168.50±10.77). This study shows that EGC of this species are sensitive for the application of the CA, demonstrating DNA damage in response to alkylation (MMS), oxidative damage (H2O2), and to the insecticide cypermethryn. These data, together with our previous study on DNA damage induction on erythrocytes of this species, provides useful information for future work involving biomonitoring in regions where P. lineatus is naturally exposed to pesticides and other genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina.
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Poletta GL, Larriera A, Kleinsorge E, Mudry MD. Genotoxicity of the herbicide formulation Roundup (glyphosate) in broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) evidenced by the Comet assay and the Micronucleus test. Mutat Res 2009; 672:95-102. [PMID: 19022394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of pesticides is an issue of worldwide concern. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of a widely used herbicide formulation, Roundup (glyphosate), in erythrocytes of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) after in ovo exposure. Caiman embryos were exposed at early embryonic stage to different sub-lethal concentrations of Roundup (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1750microg/egg). At time of hatching, blood samples were obtained from each animal and two short-term tests, the Comet assay and the Micronucleus (MN) test, were performed on erythrocytes to assess DNA damage. A significant increase in DNA damage was observed at a concentration of 500microg/egg or higher, compared to untreated control animals (p<0.05). Results from both the Comet assay and the MN test revealed a concentration-dependent effect. This study demonstrated adverse effects of Roundup on DNA of C. latirostris and confirmed that the Comet assay and the MN test applied on caiman erythrocytes are useful tools in determining potential genotoxicity of pesticides. The identification of sentinel species as well as sensitive biomarkers among the natural biota is imperative to thoroughly evaluate genetic damage, which has significant consequences for short- and long-term survival of the natural species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Poletta
- Proyecto Yacaré (Gobierno Santa Fe/MUPCN), A. del Valle 8700, CP: 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Simoniello MF, Kleinsorge EC, Scagnetti JA, Grigolato RA, Poletta GL, Carballo MA. DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 28:957-65. [PMID: 18636400 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops but represent at the same time a potential risk to farmers and environment. The aim of this work is the evaluation of 54 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides and 30 subjects as a control group using the quantification of DNA damage level by means of the alkaline Comet assay and the evaluation of repair processes. Damage index Comet assay (DICA) and damage index repair assay (DIRA) were studied in 27 pesticide applicator workers, 27 non-pesticide applicators and controls. Our results show that both exposed groups revealed significant increase in DICA when compared with controls (P < 0.0001), as well as in DIRA (P < 0.0001). However, the spraying group exhibited a marginally significant difference in DICA (P = 0.05) when years of exposure are considered and a significant difference (P < 0.05) when the personal protective equipment used by individuals was taken as a comparison factor. The influence of confounding factors on the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to pesticides was investigated and no significant differences were observed considering age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to DICA and DIRA. Since DNA damage is an important step in events leading from carcinogen exposure to cancer disease, our study highlights the potential health risk associated with agrochemical exposure in developing countries with vast cultivated areas, such as Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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