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Bianchi M, Paravani EV, Acosta MG, Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Pesticide-induced alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, histology, DNA damage and mRNA expression: An integrated approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109895. [PMID: 38479676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
To assess the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides, as well as the insecticide imidacloprid, both individually and in combination, the gills of adult zebrafish were used due to their intimate interaction with chemicals diluted in water. Bioassays were performed exposing the animals to the different pesticides and their mixture for 96 h. The behavior of the fish was analyzed, a histological examination of the gills was carried out, and the genotoxic effects were also analyzed by means of the comet assay (CA) and the change in the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathways of the oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. The length traveled and the average speed of the control fish, compared to those exposed to the pesticides and mainly those exposed to the mixture, were significantly greater. All the groups exposed individually exhibited a decrease in thigmotaxis time, indicating a reduction in the behavior of protecting themselves from predators. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the structures of the gill tissues. The quantification of the histological lesions showed mild lesions in the fish exposed to imidacloprid, moderate to severe lesions for glyphosate, and severe lesions in the case of 2,4-D and the mixture of pesticides. The CA revealed the sensitivity of gill cells to DNA damage following exposure to glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and the mixture. Finally, both genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway and those related to the cell apoptosis pathway were overexpressed, while the ogg1 gene, involved in DNA repair, was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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Paravani EV, Bianchi M, Querubín Pereyra PL, Acosta MG, Odetti L, Simoniello MF, Poletta G. DNA damage, alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and in the histoarchitecture of gill cells of zebrafish exposed to 17-α-ethinylestradiol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:60-66. [PMID: 36912201 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2188441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, such as estrogen, are chemical substances with the potential to alter the hormonal balance of organisms. Their origin can be natural or artificial, and they can act at very low doses. The estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is used worldwide as an oral contraceptive and is a potential contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. It is well documented that these environmental pollutants can act directly or indirectly on the reproductive system, impairing development and fertility. However, little is known about the alteration of the cell oxidative status induced by EE2. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the gill cells of adult zebrafish exposed in vivo to EE2, analyzing cell histology, DNA damage and the expression levels of genes encoding the main enzymes involved in oxidative stress pathways. The histological study showed that EE2 produces moderate to high damage to the gill tissue, an increase in gill cell DNA damage and the mRNA levels of the genes corresponding to the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-sod) and catalase (cat) after exposure to 5 ng/L EE2. The results indicate that EE2 causes tissue alterations, DNA damage and oxidative stress. EE2 produced important alterations in the gills, a fundamental organ for the survival of fish. There is a clear need for further research on the ecological consequences of EDCs on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - P L Querubín Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Casco VH. Cypermethrin induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress in zebrafish gill cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:1-7. [PMID: 30743075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, used to control pests in domestic, industrial and agricultural environments. According to recent reports, it is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential genotoxic effect and the activation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) systems of adult zebrafish gill cells after in vivo exposure. The comet assay (CA) demonstrated that gill cells are sensitive to DNA damage after in vitro exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), showing a dose-dependent response. We also found an increase in DNA damage of gill cells following a dose- and time-dependent treatment with CYP. Moreover, it was verified that SOD and CAT activities significantly increased after exposure to 0.6 µg/L CYP, both during six and nine days. The same treatment caused a significant up-regulation of the mRNA levels of Mn-sod and cat genes. These data indicate that CYP causes gill cell's DNA damage and oxidative stress, modifying the activities of the enzymes responsible for maintaining ROS balance, as well as in their corresponding gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, Oro Verde,3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina; IBB-CONICET-UNER, Argentina.
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Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL, Zolessi FR, Casco VH. Cypermethrin: Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in retinal cells of the adult zebrafish. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2017; 826:25-32. [PMID: 29412866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CM), widely used for control of indoor and field pests, is one of the most common contaminants in freshwater aquatic systems. We evaluated CM genotoxicity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in retinal cells of adult zebrafish. Histological and immunofluorescence techniques show the presence of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish retina after 9 d of treatment with 0.6 μg/L CM. Histone γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was detected in both outer and inner nuclear layers; caspase-3, an apoptotic marker, was detected in the outer nuclear layer. In the comet assay, the cells were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, showing a dose-dependent response. We observed a positive comet assay response to CM that was dose- and time-dependent. Following exposure to CM, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and sod and cat mRNA levels, increased. These results indicate that CM causes DNA damage and oxidative stress and can induce apoptosis in retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), CABA, Argentina
| | - F R Zolessi
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Cell Biology of Neural Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V H Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 Km 10, IBB-CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, 3101, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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