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Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Savchak OK, Costa-Pinto S, Gomes JI, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo A, Sánchez Romero J, Sebastião AM, Navarrete M, Navarro G, Franco R, Vaz SH. Adenosine receptors are the on-and-off switch of astrocytic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor effect upon synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glia 2024; 72:1096-1116. [PMID: 38482984 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in cognitive functions such as working memory. Astrocytic cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) induces cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentration changes with an impact on neuronal function. mPFC astrocytes also express adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R, A2AR), being unknown the crosstalk between CB1R and adenosine receptors in these cells. We show here that a further level of regulation of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling occurs through CB1R-A2AR or CB1R-A1R heteromers that ultimately impact mPFC synaptic plasticity. CB1R-mediated Ca2+ transients increased and decreased when A1R and A2AR were activated, respectively, unveiling adenosine receptors as modulators of astrocytic CB1R. CB1R activation leads to an enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mPFC, under the control of A1R but not of A2AR. Notably, in IP3R2KO mice, that do not show astrocytic Ca2+ level elevations, CB1R activation decreases LTP, which is not modified by A1R or A2AR. The present work suggests that CB1R has a homeostatic role on mPFC LTP, under the control of A1R, probably due to physical crosstalk between these receptors in astrocytes that ultimately alters CB1R Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oksana K Savchak
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Costa-Pinto
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana I Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez Romero
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Gao Z, Guan J, Yin S, Liu F. The role of ATP in sleep-wake regulation: In adenosine-dependent and -independent manner. Sleep Med 2024; 119:147-154. [PMID: 38678758 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
ATP plays a crucial role as an energy currency in the body's various physiological functions, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Evidence from genetics and pharmacology demonstrates a strong association between ATP metabolism and sleep. With the advent of new technologies such as optogenetics, genetically encoded biosensors, and novel ATP detection methods, the dynamic changes in ATP levels between different sleep states have been further uncovered. The classic mechanism for regulating sleep by ATP involves its conversion to adenosine, which increases sleep pressure when accumulated extracellularly. However, emerging evidence suggests that ATP can directly bind to P2 receptors and influence sleep-wake regulation through both adenosine-dependent and independent pathways. The outcome depends on the brain region where ATP acts and the expression type of P2 receptors. This review summarizes the experimental evidence on the relationship between ATP levels and changes in sleep states and outlines the mechanisms by which ATP is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle through both adenosine-dependent and independent pathways. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research basis and progress in this field and promote further investigations into the specific mechanisms of ATP in regulating sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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3
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Guo Y, Mao T, Fang Y, Wang H, Yu J, Zhu Y, Shen S, Zhou M, Li H, Hu Q. Comprehensive insights into potential roles of purinergic P2 receptors on diseases: Signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00123-1. [PMID: 38565403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic P2 receptors, which can be divided into ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors, mediate cellular signal transduction of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphate. Based on the wide expression of purinergic P2 receptors in tissues and organs, their significance in homeostatic maintenance, metabolism, nociceptive transmission, and other physiological processes is becoming increasingly evident, suggesting that targeting purinergic P2 receptors to regulate biological functions and signal transmission holds significant promise for disease treatment. AIM OF REVIEW This review highlights the detailed mechanisms by which purinergic P2 receptors engage in physiological and pathological progress, as well as providing prospective strategies for discovering clinical drug candidates. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purinergic P2 receptors regulate complex signaling and molecular mechanisms in nervous system, digestive system, immune system and as a result, controlling physical health states and disease progression. There has been a significant rise in research and development focused on purinergic P2 receptors, contributing to an increased number of drug candidates in clinical trials. A few influential pioneers have laid the foundation for advancements in the evaluation, development, and of novel purinergic P2 receptors modulators, including agonists, antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions and combination strategies, despite the different scaffolds of these drug candidates. These advancements hold great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes by specifically targeting purinergic P2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianqi Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yafei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shige Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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4
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Shigetomi E, Sakai K, Koizumi S. Extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in the brain and its role in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1343653. [PMID: 38304611 PMCID: PMC10830686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1343653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine are neuromodulators that regulate numerous neuronal functions in the brain. Neuronal activity and brain insults such as ischemic and traumatic injury upregulate these neuromodulators, which exert their effects by activating purinergic receptors. In addition, extracellular ATP/adenosine signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Virtually every cell type in the brain contributes to the elevation of ATP/adenosine, and various mechanisms underlying this increase have been proposed. Extracellular adenosine is thought to be mainly produced via the degradation of extracellular ATP. However, adenosine is also released from neurons and glia in the brain. Therefore, the regulation of extracellular ATP/adenosine in physiological and pathophysiological conditions is likely far more complex than previously thought. To elucidate the complex mechanisms that regulate extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, accurate methods of assessing their spatiotemporal dynamics are needed. Several novel techniques for acquiring spatiotemporal information on extracellular ATP/adenosine, including fluorescent sensors, have been developed and have started to reveal the mechanisms underlying the release, uptake and degradation of ATP/adenosine. Here, we review methods for analyzing extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics as well as the current state of knowledge on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP/adenosine in the brain. We focus on the mechanisms used by neurons and glia to cooperatively produce the activity-dependent increase in ATP/adenosine and its physiological and pathophysiological significance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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5
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Jia S, Mai L, Yang H, Huang F, He H, Fan W. Cross-species gene expression patterns of purinergic signaling in the human and mouse trigeminal ganglion. Life Sci 2023; 332:122130. [PMID: 37769809 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling system plays a pivotal role in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) which is a primary sensory tissue in vertebrate nervous systems involving orofacial nociception and peripheral sensitization. Despite previous efforts to reveal the expression patterns of purinergic components in the mouse TG, it is still unknown the interspecies differences between human and mouse. In this study, we provide a comprehensive transcriptome profile of the purinergic signaling system across diverse cell types and neuronal subpopulations within the human TG, systematically comparing it with mouse TG. In addition, the evolutionary conservation and species-specific expression patterns of the purinergic components are also discussed. We propose that the data can improve our understanding of purinergic signaling in the peripheral nervous system and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Madeira D, Domingues J, Lopes CR, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Modification of astrocytic Cx43 hemichannel activity in animal models of AD: modulation by adenosine A 2A receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:340. [PMID: 37898985 PMCID: PMC10613596 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates astrocytic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive loss. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is a histopathological hallmark of AD and associated with increased astrocyte reactivity. In APP/PS1 mice modelling established AD (9 months), we now show an altered astrocytic morphology and enhanced activity of astrocytic hemichannels, mainly composed by connexin 43 (Cx43). Hemichannel activity in hippocampal astrocytes is also increased in two models of early AD: (1) mice with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Aβ1-42, and (2) hippocampal slices superfused with Aβ1-42 peptides. In hippocampal gliosomes of APP/PS1 mice, Cx43 levels were increased, whereas mice administered icv with Aβ1-42 only displayed increased Cx43 phosphorylation levels. This suggests that hemichannel activity might be differentially modulated throughout AD progression. Additionally, we tested if adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade reversed alterations of astrocytic hemichannel activity and found that the pharmacological blockade or genetic silencing (global and astrocytic) of A2AR prevented Aβ-induced hemichannel dysregulation in hippocampal slices, although A2AR genetic silencing increased the activity of astroglial hemichannels in control conditions. In primary cultures of astrocytes, A2AR-related protective effect was shown to occur through a protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Our results indicate that the dysfunction of hemichannel activity in hippocampal astrocytes is an early event in AD, which is modulated by A2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Domingues
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, First Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mihajlovic K, Bukvic MA, Dragic M, Scortichini M, Jacobson KA, Nedeljkovic N. Anti-inflammatory potency of novel ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 inhibitors in astrocyte culture model of neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175943. [PMID: 37541364 PMCID: PMC10527948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel cytosine-derived α,β-methylene diphosphonates designated MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 were tested in the range of 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-3 M for their efficacy and potency in inhibiting membrane-bound ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activity in primary astrocytes in vitro. The compounds were also tested for their ability to attenuate the reactive astrocyte phenotype induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The main findings are as follows: A) The tested compounds induced concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 activity, with maximal inhibition achieved at ∼1 × 10-3M; B) All compounds showed high inhibitory potency, as reflected by IC50 values in the submicromolar range; C) All compounds showed high binding capacity, as reflected by Ki values in the low nanomolar range; D) Among the tested compounds, MRS4598 showed the highest inhibitory efficacy and potency, as reflected by IC50 and Ki values of 0.11 μM and 18.2 nM; E) Neither compound affected astrocyte proliferation and cell metabolic activity at concentrations near to IC50; E) MRS4598 was able to inhibit CD73 activity in reactive astrocytes stimulated with TNF-α and to induce concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 in reactive astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, with an order of magnitude higher IC50 value; F) MRS4598 was the only compound tested that was able to induce shedding of the CD73 from astrocyte membranes and to enhance astrocyte migration in the scratch wound migration assay, albeit at concentration well above its IC50 value. Given the role of CD73 in neurodegenerative diseases, MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 are promising pharmacological tools for the treatment of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic Bukvic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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8
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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9
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Sun C, Shen Y, Liu P, Shen Y, Hu Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Miao F, Zhang J. NLRC5 Deficiency Reduces LPS-Induced Microglial Activation via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling and Ameliorates Mice's Depressive-like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13265. [PMID: 37686068 PMCID: PMC10487775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are believed to be the key immune effectors of the central immune microenvironment, and their dysregulation is associated with neuroinflammation and mood disorders. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain-containing five (NLRC5) is a new member of the Nod-like receptor family. Recently, NLRC5 has been reported to be expressed by microglia. Nonetheless, the exact roles of NLRC5 in microglial activation and its function in depression have not been investigated yet. Herein, we found that reducing NLRC5 decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in primary cultured microglia and microglial cell lines but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In more detail, reducing NLRC5 diminished the secretion of LPS-induced cytokines by attenuating IKKα/β phosphorylation and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Moreover, the expression of Nlrc5 in the hippocampus of LPS- or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice was increased. In line with the in vitro findings, Nlrc5 deficiency inhibited microglial activation in the mouse hippocampus and improved LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. In summary, we demonstrated the critical role of NLRC5 in LPS-induced microglial activation and LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Piaopiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
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10
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Wu S, Zhu Z, Chen M, Huang A, Xie Y, Hu H, Zhang J, Wu Q, Wang J, Ding Y. Comparison of Neuroprotection and Regulating Properties on Gut Microbiota between Selenopeptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-SeMet and Its Native Peptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Met In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12203-12215. [PMID: 37530172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenopeptides are promising candidates for intervening in neuroinflammation; however, the key role of selenium (Se) in selenopeptides remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we compared the neuroprotective effects of selenopeptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-SeMet (namely, Se-P1) and its native peptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Met (namely, P1). Our results demonstrate that Se-P1 treatment exhibits superior antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effects in PC12 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured mice compared to P1. Moreover, the administration of Se-P1 and P1 resulted in a shift in the gut microbiota composition. Notably, during LPS-induced injury, Se-P1 treatment demonstrated greater stability in maintaining gut microbiota composition compared to P1 treatment. Specifically, Se-P1 may have a positive impact on gut microbiota dysbiosis by modulating inflammatory-related bacteria such as enhancing Lactobacillus abundance while reducing that of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Furthermore, the alteration of metabolites induced by Se-P1 treatment exhibited a significant correlation with gut microbiota, subsequently modulating the inflammatory-related metabolic pathways including histidine metabolism, lysine degradation, and purine metabolism. These findings suggest that organic Se contributes to the bioactivities of Se-P1 in mitigating neuroinflammation in LPS-injured mice compared to P1. These findings hold significant value for the development of potential preventive or therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases and introduce novel concepts in selenopeptide nutrition and supplementation recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Stancioiu F, Bogdan R, Dumitrescu R. Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) as a Biomarker for Autistic Spectrum Disease (ASD). Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1736. [PMID: 37629593 PMCID: PMC10455327 DOI: 10.3390/life13081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disease (ASD) is an increasingly common diagnosis nowadays with a prevalence of 1-2% in most countries. Its complex causality-a combination of genetic, immune, metabolic, and environmental factors-is translated into pleiomorphic developmental disorders of various severity, which have two main aspects in common: repetitive, restrictive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction varying from awkward habits and verbalization to a complete lack of interest for the outside world. The wide variety of ASD causes also makes it very difficult to find a common denominator-a disease biomarker and medication-and currently, there is no commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic strategy besides clinical evaluation and psychotherapy. In the CORDUS clinical study, we have administered autologous cord blood to ASD kids who had little or no improvement after other treatments and searched for a biomarker which could help predict the degree of improvement in each patient. We have found that the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated above the normal clinical range (less than 16.3 ng/mL) in the vast majority of ASD kids tested in our study (40 of 41, or 97.5%). This finding opens up a new direction for diagnostic confirmation, dynamic evaluation, and therapeutic intervention for ASD kids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raluca Bogdan
- Medicover Hospital Bucharest, 013982 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Babiec L, Wilkaniec A, Matuszewska M, Pałasz E, Cieślik M, Adamczyk A. Alterations of Purinergic Receptors Levels and Their Involvement in the Glial Cell Morphology in a Pre-Clinical Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1088. [PMID: 37509018 PMCID: PMC10377192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that defects in purinergic signalling are a common denominator of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), though nothing is known about whether the disorder-related imbalance occurs at the receptor level. In this study, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) induces changes in purinergic receptor expression in adolescence and whether it corresponds to glial cell activation. Pregnant dams were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of VPA at embryonic day 12.5. In the hippocampi of adolescent male VPA offspring, we observed an increase in the level of P2X1, with concomitant decreases in P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors. In contrast, in the cortex, the level of P2X1 was significantly reduced. Also, significant increases in cortical P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors were detected. Additionally, we observed profound alterations in microglial cell numbers and morphology in the cortex of VPA animals, leading to the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The changes in glial cells were partially reduced via a single administration of a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist. These studies show the involvement of purinergic signalling imbalance in the modulation of brain inflammatory response induced via prenatal VPA exposure and may indicate that purinergic receptors are a novel target for pharmacological intervention in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pałasz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Madeira D, Lopes CR, Simões AP, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Astrocytic A 2A receptors silencing negatively impacts hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory of adult mice. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37183905 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are wired to bidirectionally communicate with neurons namely with synapses, thus shaping synaptic plasticity, which in the hippocampus is considered to underlie learning and memory. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) are a potential candidate to modulate this bidirectional communication, since A2A R regulate synaptic plasticity and memory and also control key astrocytic functions. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of astrocytic A2A R in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory. Here, we investigated the impact of genetic silencing astrocytic A2A R on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory of adult mice. The genetic A2A R silencing in astrocytes was accomplished by a bilateral injection into the CA1 hippocampal area of a viral construct (AAV5-GFAP-GFP-Cre) that inactivate A2A R expression in astrocytes of male adult mice carrying "floxed" A2A R gene, as confirmed by A2A R binding assays. Astrocytic A2A R silencing alters astrocytic morphology, typified by an increment of astrocytic arbor complexity, and led to deficits in spatial reference memory and compromised hippocampal synaptic plasticity, typified by a reduction of LTP magnitude and a shift of synaptic long-term depression (LTD) toward LTP. These data indicate that astrocytic A2A R control astrocytic morphology and influence hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory of adult mice in a manner different from neuronal A2A R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P Simões
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology- University of Coimbra (CNC- UC), Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Cherninskyi A, Storozhuk M, Maximyuk O, Kulyk V, Krishtal O. Triggering of Major Brain Disorders by Protons and ATP: The Role of ASICs and P2X Receptors. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:845-862. [PMID: 36445556 PMCID: PMC9707125 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is well-known as a universal source of energy in living cells. Less known is that this molecule has a variety of important signaling functions: it activates a variety of specific metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) receptors in neuronal and non-neuronal cell membranes. So, a wide variety of signaling functions well fits the ubiquitous presence of ATP in the tissues. Even more ubiquitous are protons. Apart from the unspecific interaction of protons with any protein, many physiological processes are affected by protons acting on specific ionotropic receptors-acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Both protons (acidification) and ATP are locally elevated in various pathological states. Using these fundamentally important molecules as agonists, ASICs and P2X receptors signal a variety of major brain pathologies. Here we briefly outline the physiological roles of ASICs and P2X receptors, focusing on the brain pathologies involving these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Cherninskyi
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine.
| | - Maksim Storozhuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maximyuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Vyacheslav Kulyk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Krishtal
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
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15
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Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Olaio S, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Lopes JP. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Shut Down Adenosine A 1 Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition to Promote Implementation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040715. [PMID: 37189461 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine operates a modulation system fine-tuning the efficiency of synaptic transmission and plasticity through A1 and A2A receptors (A1R, A2AR), respectively. Supramaximal activation of A1R can block hippocampal synaptic transmission, and the tonic engagement of A1R-mediated inhibition is increased with increased frequency of nerve stimulation. This is compatible with an activity-dependent increase in extracellular adenosine in hippocampal excitatory synapses, which can reach levels sufficient to block synaptic transmission. We now report that A2AR activation decreases A1R-medated inhibition of synaptic transmission, with particular relevance during high-frequency-induced long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, whereas the A1R antagonist DPCPX (50 nM) was devoid of effects on LTP magnitude, the addition of an A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM) allowed a facilitatory effect of DPCPX on LTP to be revealed. Additionally, the activation of A2AR with CGS21680 (30 nM) decreased the potency of the A1R agonist CPA (6-60 nM) to inhibit hippocampal synaptic transmission in a manner prevented by SCH58261. These observations show that A2AR play a key role in dampening A1R during high-frequency induction of hippocampal LTP. This provides a new framework for understanding how the powerful adenosine A1R-mediated inhibition of excitatory transmission can be controlled to allow the implementation of hippocampal LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simão Olaio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-534 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Gonçalves FQ, Valada P, Matos M, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Feedback facilitation by adenosine A 2A receptors of ATP release from mouse hippocampal nerve terminals. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09937-y. [PMID: 36997740 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system is mostly composed by inhibitory A1 receptors (A1R) and the less abundant facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR), the latter selectively engaged at high frequency stimulation associated with synaptic plasticity processes in the hippocampus. A2AR are activated by adenosine originated from extracellular ATP through ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73-mediated catabolism. Using hippocampal synaptosomes, we now investigated how adenosine receptors modulate the synaptic release of ATP. The A2AR agonist CGS21680 (10-100 nM) enhanced the K+-evoked release of ATP, whereas both SCH58261 and the CD73 inhibitor α,β-methylene ADP (100 μM) decreased ATP release; all these effects were abolished in forebrain A2AR knockout mice. The A1R agonist CPA (10-100 nM) inhibited ATP release, whereas the A1R antagonist DPCPX (100 nM) was devoid of effects. The presence of SCH58261 potentiated CPA-mediated ATP release and uncovered a facilitatory effect of DPCPX. Overall, these findings indicate that ATP release is predominantly controlled by A2AR, which are involved in an apparent feedback loop of A2AR-mediated increased ATP release together with dampening of A1R-mediated inhibition. This study is a tribute to María Teresa Miras-Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Valada
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Matos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Liu M, Chen H, Huang Y, Liu J, Chen Q, Zuo H, Fang L, Mao C. Enriching adenosine by thymine-rich DNA oligomers. Analyst 2023; 148:1858-1866. [PMID: 36942467 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine levels are important in various physiological and pathological activities, but detecting them is difficult because of interference from a complex matrix. This study designed a series of DNA oligomers rich in thymine to enrich adenosine. Their binding affinity (Kd range: 1.25-5.0 mM) to adenosine varied based on the DNA secondary structures, with a clamped hairpin structure showing the highest binding affinity. Compared to other designs, this clamped DNA hairpin underwent the least conformational change during adenosine binding. These DNAs also suppressed the precipitation of supersaturated adenine. Taken together, these results suggest that thymine-rich DNAs could be used to enrich and separate adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huaiqing Chen
- Biological Sciences Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Ninth Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing 400700, China.
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, IN, USA.
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18
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Launay A, Nebie O, Vijaya Shankara J, Lebouvier T, Buée L, Faivre E, Blum D. The role of adenosine A 2A receptors in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109379. [PMID: 36572177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signals through four distinct G protein-coupled receptors that are located at various synapses, cell types and brain areas. Through them, adenosine regulates neuromodulation, neuronal signaling, learning and cognition as well as the sleep-wake cycle, all strongly impacted in neurogenerative disorders, among which Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is a complex form of cognitive deficits characterized by two pathological hallmarks: extracellular deposits of aggregated β-amyloid peptides and intraneuronal fibrillar aggregates of hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. Both lesions contribute to the early dysfunction and loss of synapses which are strongly associated to the development of cognitive decline in AD patients. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological impact of the A2ARs dysregulation observed in cognitive area from AD patients. We are reviewing not only evidence of the cellular changes in A2AR levels in pathological conditions but also describe what is currently known about their consequences in term of synaptic plasticity, neuro-glial miscommunication and memory abilities. We finally summarize the proof-of-concept studies that support A2AR as credible targets and the clinical interest to repurpose adenosine drugs for the treatment of AD and related disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France; CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France.
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19
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Dias L, Pochmann D, Lemos C, Silva HB, Real JI, Gonçalves FQ, Rial D, Gonçalves N, Simões AP, Ferreira SG, Agostinho P, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Increased Synaptic ATP Release and CD73-Mediated Formation of Extracellular Adenosine in the Control of Behavioral and Electrophysiological Modifications Caused by Chronic Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1299-1309. [PMID: 36881648 PMCID: PMC10080657 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased ATP release and its extracellular catabolism through CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) lead to the overactivation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which occurs in different brain disorders. A2AR blockade blunts mood and memory dysfunction caused by repeated stress, but it is unknown if increased ATP release coupled to CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine is responsible for A2AR overactivation upon repeated stress. This was now investigated in adult rats subject to repeated stress for 14 consecutive days. Frontocortical and hippocampal synaptosomes from stressed rats displayed an increased release of ATP upon depolarization, coupled to an increased density of vesicular nucleotide transporters and of CD73. The continuous intracerebroventricular delivery of the CD73 inhibitor α,β-methylene ADP (AOPCP, 100 μM) during restraint stress attenuated mood and memory dysfunction. Slice electrophysiological recordings showed that restraint stress decreased long-term potentiation both in prefrontocortical layer II/III-layer V synapses and in hippocampal Schaffer fibers-CA1 pyramid synapses, which was prevented by AOPCP, an effect occluded by adenosine deaminase and by the A2AR antagonist SCH58261. These results indicate that increased synaptic ATP release coupled to CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine contributes to mood and memory dysfunction triggered by repeated restraint stress. This prompts considering interventions decreasing ATP release and CD73 activity as novel strategies to mitigate the burden of repeated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC─Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Liu S, Cheng H, Cui L, Jin L, Li Y, Zhu C, Ji Q, Tang J. Astrocytic purinergic signalling contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain via modulation of glutamate release. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36869630 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Although activation of astrocytes is critical in developing neuropathic pain (NP) following nerve injury, the underlying mechanisms of NP and therapeutic management for NP are still vague. Importantly, the decreases in the levels of astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the spinal dorsal horn result in enhanced excitatory transmission and cause persistent pain. P2Y1 purinergic receptor (P2Y1R) has been shown to enhance many inflammatory processes. The up-regulated expression of astrocytic P2Y1R is crucial to participate in pain transduction under conditions of nerve injury and peripheral inflammation considering that P2Y1R is potentially involved in glutamate release and synaptic transmission. This study indicates that the expression of P2Y1R in the spinal cord was increased accompanied by the activation of A1 phenotype astrocytes in the rat model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Astrocyte-specific knockdown of P2Y1R alleviated SNL-induced nociceptive responses and mitigated A1 reactive astrocytes, which subsequently increased GLT-1 expression. Conversely, in naïve rats, P2Y1R over-expression induced a canonical NP-like phenotype and spontaneous hypernociceptive responses and increased the concentration of glutamate in the spinal dorsal horn. Besides, our in vitro data showed that the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha contributes to A1/A2 astrocyte reactivity and Ca2+ -dependent release of glutamate. Conclusively, our results provide novel insights that as a significant regulator of astrocytic A1/A2 polarization and neuroinflammation, P2Y1R may represent a potential target for the treatment of SNL-induced NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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21
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Arroyo-García LE, Bachiller S, Ruiz R, Boza-Serrano A, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Deierborg T, Andrade-Talavera Y, Fisahn A. Targeting galectin-3 to counteract spike-phase uncoupling of fast-spiking interneurons to gamma oscillations in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:6. [PMID: 36740709 PMCID: PMC9901156 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment exists. Neuroinflammation is central to the pathology progression, with evidence suggesting that microglia-released galectin-3 (gal3) plays a pivotal role by amplifying neuroinflammation in AD. However, the possible involvement of gal3 in the disruption of neuronal network oscillations typical of AD remains unknown. METHODS Here, we investigated the functional implications of gal3 signaling on experimentally induced gamma oscillations ex vivo (20-80 Hz) by performing electrophysiological recordings in the hippocampal CA3 area of wild-type (WT) mice and of the 5×FAD mouse model of AD. In addition, the recorded slices from WT mice under acute gal3 application were analyzed with RT-qPCR to detect expression of some neuroinflammation-related genes, and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque load was quantified by immunostaining in the CA3 area of 6-month-old 5×FAD mice with or without Gal3 knockout (KO). RESULTS Gal3 application decreased gamma oscillation power and rhythmicity in an activity-dependent manner, which was accompanied by impairment of cellular dynamics in fast-spiking interneurons (FSNs) and pyramidal cells. We found that the gal3-induced disruption was mediated by the gal3 carbohydrate-recognition domain and prevented by the gal3 inhibitor TD139, which also prevented Aβ42-induced degradation of gamma oscillations. Furthermore, the 5×FAD mice lacking gal3 (5×FAD-Gal3KO) exhibited WT-like gamma network dynamics and decreased Aβ plaque load. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that gal3 impairs neuronal network dynamics by spike-phase uncoupling of FSNs, inducing a network performance collapse. Moreover, our findings suggest gal3 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the neuronal network instability typical of AD and other neurological disorders encompassing neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Arroyo-García
- grid.465198.7Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara Bachiller
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García González Nº2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García González Nº2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km-1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden. .,Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km-1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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22
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Lohr C. Role of P2Y receptors in astrocyte physiology and pathophysiology. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109311. [PMID: 36328064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are active constituents of the brain that manage ion homeostasis and metabolic support of neurons and directly tune synaptic transmission and plasticity. Astrocytes express all known P2Y receptors. These regulate a multitude of physiological functions such as cell proliferation, Ca2+ signalling, gliotransmitter release and neurovascular coupling. In addition, P2Y receptors are fundamental in the transition of astrocytes into reactive astrocytes, as occurring in many brain disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation and epilepsy. This review summarizes the current literature addressing the function of P2Y receptors in astrocytes in the healthy brain as well as in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohr
- Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Cui S, Liang W, Jia Z, Guo F, Ou W, Wu Y, Zhang S. The core of maintaining neuropathic pain: Crosstalk between glial cells and neurons (neural cell crosstalk at spinal cord). Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2868. [PMID: 36602945 PMCID: PMC9927860 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by the injury or dysfunction of the nervous system is a chronic pain state accompanied by hyperalgesia, and the available clinical treatment is relatively scarce. Hyperalgesia mediated by pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines plays an important role in the occurrence and maintenance of NP. DATA TREATMENT Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of experimental NP (PubMed Medline), in order to find the mechanism of inducing central sensitization and explore the intervention methods of hyperalgesia caused by real or simulated injury. RESULT In this review, we sorted out the activation pathways of microglia, astrocytes and neurons, and the process of crosstalk among them. It was found that in NP, the microglia P2X4 receptor is the key target, which can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inward and then activate astrocytes and outwardly activate neuronal tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor to activate neurons. At the same time, activated neurons continue to maintain the activation of astrocytes and microglia through chemokines on CXCL13/CXCR5 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1. This crosstalk process is the key to maintaining NP. CONCLUSION We summarize the further research on crosstalk among neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the central nervous system, elaborate the ways and connections of relevant crosstalk, and find potential crosstalk targets, which provides a reference for drug development and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wulin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Ou
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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24
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Kruyer A, Kalivas PW, Scofield MD. Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:21-36. [PMID: 35577914 PMCID: PMC9700696 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the field of neuroscience has evolved toward recognizing the critical role of astroglia in shaping neuronal synaptic activity and along with the pre- and postsynapse is now considered an equal partner in tripartite synaptic transmission and plasticity. The relative youth of this recognition and a corresponding deficit in reagents and technologies for quantifying and manipulating astroglia relative to neurons continues to hamper advances in understanding tripartite synaptic physiology. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been made and are reviewed herein. We review the role of astroglia in synaptic function and regulation of behavior with an eye on how tripartite synapses figure into brain pathologies underlying behavioral impairments in psychiatric disorders, both from the perspective of measures in postmortem human brains and more subtle influences on tripartite synaptic regulation of behavior in animal models of psychiatric symptoms. Our goal is to provide the reader a well-referenced state-of-the-art understanding of current knowledge and predict what we may discover with deeper investigation of tripartite synapses using reagents and technologies not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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25
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Gonçalves FQ, Matheus FC, Silva HB, Real JI, Rial D, Rodrigues RJ, Oses JP, Silva AC, Gonçalves N, Prediger RD, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA. Increased ATP Release and Higher Impact of Adenosine A 2A Receptors on Corticostriatal Plasticity in a Rat Model of Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1659-1674. [PMID: 36547848 PMCID: PMC9899190 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP can be a danger signal, but its role in striatal circuits afflicted in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear and was now investigated. ATP was particularly released at high stimulation intensities from purified striatal nerve terminals of mice, which were endowed with different ATP-P2 receptors (P2R), although P2R antagonists did not alter corticostriatal transmission or plasticity. Instead, ATP was extracellularly catabolized into adenosine through CD73 to activate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) modulating corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) in mice. In the presymptomatic phase of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, ATP release from striatal nerve terminals was increased and was responsible for a greater impact of CD73 and A2AR on corticostriatal LTP. These observations identify increased ATP release and ATP-derived formation of extracellular adenosine bolstering A2AR activation as a key pathway responsible for abnormal synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in the onset of PD motor symptoms. The translation of these findings to humans prompts extending the use of A2AR antagonists from only co-adjuvants of motor control in Parkinsonian patients to neuroprotective drugs delaying the onset of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe C. Matheus
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Oses
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Ângelo R. Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Simões AP, Gonçalves FQ, Rial D, Ferreira SG, Lopes JP, Canas PM, Cunha RA. CD73-Mediated Formation of Extracellular Adenosine Is Responsible for Adenosine A 2A Receptor-Mediated Control of Fear Memory and Amygdala Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12826. [PMID: 36361618 PMCID: PMC9653840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) control fear memory and the underlying processes of synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. In other brain regions, A2AR activation is ensured by ATP-derived extracellular adenosine formed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73. We now tested whether CD73 is also responsible to provide for the activation of A2AR in controlling fear memory and amygdala long-term potentiation (LTP). The bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of the CD73 inhibitor αβ-methylene ADP (AOPCP, 1 nmol/ventricle/day) phenocopied the effect of the A2AR blockade by decreasing the expression of fear memory, an effect disappearing in CD73-knockout (KO) mice and in forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice. In the presence of PPADS (20 μM) to eliminate any modification of ATP/ADP-mediated P2 receptor effects, both AOPCP (100 μM) and the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM), decreased LTP magnitude in synapses of projection from the external capsula into the lateral amygdala, an effect eliminated in slices from both forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice and CD73-KO mice. These data indicate a key role of CD73 in the process of A2AR-mediated control of fear memory and underlying synaptic plasticity processes in the amygdala, paving the way to envisage CD73 as a new therapeutic target to interfere with abnormal fear-like emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q. Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G. Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness - focus on potential biomarkers for circuitry including the habenuloid complex. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:229-239. [PMID: 35587050 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multiplicity and complexity of the neuronal connections in the central nervous system make it difficult to disentangle circuits that play an essential role in the development or treatment of (neuro)psychiatric disorders. By choosing the evolutionary development of the forebrain as a starting point, a certain order in the connections can be created. The dorsal diencephalic connection (DDC) system can be applied for the development of biomarkers that can predict treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS After providing a brief introduction to the theory, we examined neuroanatomical publications on the connectivity of the DDC system. We then searched for neurochemical components that are specific for the habenula. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The best strategy to find biomarkers that reflect the function of the habenular connection is to use genetic variants of receptors, transporters or enzymes specific to this complex. By activating these with probes and measuring the response in people with different functional genotypes, the usefulness of biomarkers can be assessed. CONCLUSIONS The most promising biomarkers in this respect are those linked to activation or inhibition of the nicotine receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, μ-opioid receptor and also those of the functioning of habenular glia cells (astrocytes and microglia).
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28
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Valada P, Hinz S, Vielmuth C, Lopes CR, Cunha RA, Müller CE, Lopes JP. The impact of inosine on hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity involves the release of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters rather than the direct activation of adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09899-7. [PMID: 36156760 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine has robust neuroprotective effects, but it is unclear if inosine acts as direct ligand of adenosine receptors or if it triggers metabolic effects indirectly modifying the activity of adenosine receptors. We now combined radioligand binding studies with electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices to test how inosine controls synaptic transmission and plasticity. Inosine was without effect at 30 μM and decreased field excitatory post-synaptic potentials by 14% and 33% at 100 and 300 μM, respectively. These effects were prevented by the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX. Inosine at 300 (but not 100) μM also decreased the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP), an effect prevented by DPCPX and by the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261. Inosine showed low affinity towards human and rat adenosine receptor subtypes with Ki values of > 300 µM; only at the human and rat A1 receptor slightly higher affinities with Ki values of around 100 µM were observed. Affinity of inosine at the rat A3 receptor was higher (Ki of 1.37 µM), while it showed no interaction with the human orthologue. Notably, the effects of inosine on synaptic transmission and plasticity were abrogated by adenosine deaminase and by inhibiting equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT) with dipyridamole and NBTI. This shows that the impact of inosine on hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity is not due to a direct activation of adenosine receptors but is instead due to an indirect modification of the tonic activation of these adenosine receptors through an ENT-mediated modification of the extracellular levels of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Valada
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Zhao YF, Verkhratsky A, Tang Y, Illes P. Astrocytes and major depression: The purinergic avenue. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109252. [PMID: 36122663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses worldwide which impairs the social functioning of the afflicted patients. Astrocytes promote homeostasis of the CNS and provide defense against various types of harmful influences. Increasing evidence suggests that the number, morphology and function of astrocytes are deteriorated in the depressed brain and the malfunction of the astrocytic purinergic system appears to participate in the pathophysiology of MDD. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from astrocytes modulates depressive-like behavior in animal models and probably also clinical depression in patients. Astrocytes possess purinergic receptors, such as adenosine A2A receptors (Rs), and P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y11Rs, which mediate neuroinflammation, neuro(glio)transmission, and synaptic plasticity in depression-relevant areas of the brain (e.g. medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala nuclei). By contrast, astrocytic A1Rs are neuroprotective and immunosuppressive. In the present review, we shall discuss the release of purines from astrocytes, and the expression/function of astrocytic purinergic receptors. Subsequently, we shall review in more detail novel evidence indicating that the dysregulation of astrocytic purinergic signaling actively contributes to the pathophysiology of depression and shall discuss possible therapeutic options based on knowledge recently acquired in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Zhao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - A Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Y Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - P Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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30
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Dias L, Madeira D, Dias R, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Aβ 1-42 peptides blunt the adenosine A 2A receptor-mediated control of the interplay between P 2X 7 and P 2Y 1 receptors mediated calcium responses in astrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:457. [PMID: 35907034 PMCID: PMC11071907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of astrocytes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still ill defined. AD involves an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and increased production of danger signals such as ATP. ATP can direct or indirectly, through its metabolism into adenosine, trigger adaptive astrocytic responses resulting from intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. AD also triggers an upregulation of astrocytic adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which blockade prevents memory dysfunction in AD. We now investigated how Aβ peptides affect ATP-mediated Ca2+ responses in astrocytes measured by fluorescence live-cell imaging and whether A2AR control astrocytic Ca2+ responses mediated by ATP receptors, mainly P2X7R and P2Y1R. In primary cultures of rat astrocytes exposed to Aβ1-42, ATP-evoked Ca2+ responses had a lower amplitude but a longer duration than in control astrocytes and involved P2X7R and P2Y1R, the former potentiating the later. Moreover, Aβ1-42 exposure increased protein levels of P2Y1R in astrocytes. A2AR antagonism with SCH58261 controlled in a protein kinase A-dependent manner both P2X7R- and P2Y1R-mediated Ca2+ responses in astrocytes. The interplay between these purinoceptors in astrocytes was blunted upon exposure to Aβ1-42. These findings uncover the ability of A2AR to regulate the inter-twinned P2X7R- and P2Y1R-mediated Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes, which is disrupted in conditions of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Madeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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González Sanabria J, Hurtado Paso M, Frontera T, Losavio A. Effect of endogenous purines on electrically evoked ACh release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1933-1950. [PMID: 35839285 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At the mouse neuromuscular junction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is co-released with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), and its metabolite adenosine, modulate neurotransmitter release by activating presynaptic inhibitory P2Y13 receptors (a subtype of ATP/adenosine diphosphate [ADP] receptor), inhibitory A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, and excitatory A2A adenosine receptors. To study the effect of endogenous purines, when phrenic-diaphragm preparations are depolarized by different nerve stimulation patterns, we analyzed the effect of the antagonists for P2Y13 , A1 , A3 , and A2A receptors (AR-C69931MX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, MRS-1191, and SCH-58261, respectively) on the amplitude of the end-plate potentials of the trains, and contrasted these results with those obtained with the selective agonists of these receptors (2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate, 2-chloro-N6 -cyclopentyl-adenosine, inosine, and PSB-0777, respectively). During continuous 0.5-Hz stimulation, the amount of endogenous purines was not enough to activate purinergic receptors, while at continuous 5-Hz stimulation, an incipient action of endogenous purines on P2Y13 , A1 and A3 receptors might be evident just at the end of the trains. During continuous 50-Hz stimulation, the concentration of endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine exerted an inhibitory action on ACh release after of the initial phase of the train, but when the nerve was stimulated at intermittent 50 Hz (5 bursts), this behavior was not observed. Excitatory A2A receptors were only activated when continuous 100-Hz stimulation was applied. In conclusion, when motor nerve terminals are depolarized by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve, endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine are able to fine-tune neurosecretion depending on the frequency and pattern of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González Sanabria
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Hurtado Paso
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Frontera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Losavio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nobili P, Shen W, Milicevic K, Bogdanovic Pristov J, Audinat E, Nikolic L. Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Purinergic Signalling in Epilepsy and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900337. [PMID: 35586058 PMCID: PMC9109958 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and multiple sclerosis (MS), two of the most common neurological diseases, are characterized by the establishment of inflammatory environment in the central nervous system that drives disease progression and impacts on neurodegeneration. Current therapeutic approaches in the treatments of epilepsy and MS are targeting neuronal activity and immune cell response, respectively. However, the lack of fully efficient responses to the available treatments obviously shows the need to search for novel therapeutic candidates that will not exclusively target neurons or immune cells. Accumulating knowledge on epilepsy and MS in humans and analysis of relevant animal models, reveals that astrocytes are promising therapeutic candidates to target as they participate in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory response in both diseases from the initial stages and may play an important role in their development. Indeed, astrocytes respond to reactive immune cells and contribute to the neuronal hyperactivity in the inflamed brain. Mechanistically, these astrocytic cell to cell interactions are fundamentally mediated by the purinergic signalling and involve metabotropic P2Y1 receptors in case of astrocyte interactions with neurons, while ionotropic P2X7 receptors are mainly involved in astrocyte interactions with autoreactive immune cells. Herein, we review the potential of targeting astrocytic purinergic signalling mediated by P2Y1 and P2X7 receptors to develop novel approaches for treatments of epilepsy and MS at very early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nobili
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Weida Shen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Katarina Milicevic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bogdanovic Pristov
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ljiljana Nikolic
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ji S, Han S, Yu L, Du L, You Y, Chen J, Wang M, Wu S, Li S, Sun X, Luo R, Zhao X. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by regulating the gut microbiome and brain metabolome in relation to purine metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153940. [PMID: 35104765 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of depression remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the existence of a complex relationship between gut microbiome composition and brain functions. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (JWXYS) is considered a potential antidepressant. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of JWXYS have not yet been clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effects of JWXYS on chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. METHODS A chronic restraint stress mouse model of depression was established. JWXYS was administered, and the responses of these mice to treatment were evaluated through several behavioral tests. The activity of astrocytes and microglia was detected by specific fluorescent labels. Inflammatory cytokines were quantified in intestinal and cerebral tissues. An integrated approach with full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and different types of untargeted metabolomics was conducted to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome at the species level, metabolic brain functions, and JWXYS. RESULTS We found that behavioral symptoms were associated with the relative abundance of Lactobacillus animalis. After JWXYS treatment, the relative abundance of Ileibacterium valens with enzymes potentially involved in purine metabolism was also described. The activation of astrocytes and microglia was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of L. animalis. Combined with network pharmacological analysis, several targets predicted based on JWXYS treatment focused on purine metabolism, which was also enriched from cerebral metabolites regulated by JWXYS. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that L. animalis is involved in depression-like behaviors in mice. JWXYS increases the abundance of I. valens with potential enzymes in relation to cerebral purine metabolism, which is positively correlated with the activation of astrocytes in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuangshuang Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanting You
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Castillo C, Saez-Orellana F, Godoy PA, Fuentealba J. Microglial Activation Modulated by P2X4R in Ischemia and Repercussions in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814999. [PMID: 35283778 PMCID: PMC8904919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 80 million people currently living who have had a stroke. The ischemic injury in the brain starts a cascade of events that lead to neuronal death, inducing neurodegeneration which could lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrovascular diseases have been suggested to contribute to AD neuropathological changes, including brain atrophy and accumulation of abnormal proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ). In patients older than 60 years, the incidence of dementia a year after stroke was significantly increased. Nevertheless, the molecular links between stroke and dementia are not clearly understood but could be related to neuroinflammation. Considering that activated microglia has a central role, there are brain-resident innate immune cells and are about 10-15% of glial cells in the adult brain. Their phagocytic activity is essential for synaptic homeostasis in different areas, such as the hippocampus. These cells polarize into phenotypes or subtypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, or the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Phenotype M1 is induced by classical activation, where microglia secrete a high level of pro- inflammatory factors which can cause damage to the surrounding neuronal cells. Otherwise, M2 phenotype is the major effector cell with the potential to counteract pro-inflammatory reactions and promote repair genes expression. Moreover, after the classical activation, an anti-inflammatory and a repair phase are initiated to achieve tissue homeostasis. Recently it has been described the concepts of homeostatic and reactive microglia and they had been related to major AD risk, linking to a multifunctional microglial response to Aβ plaques and pathophysiology markers related, such as intracellular increased calcium. The upregulation and increased activity of purinergic receptors activated by ADP/ATP, specially P2X4R, which has a high permeability to calcium and is mainly expressed in microglial cells, is observed in diseases related to neuroinflammation, such as neuropathic pain and stroke. Thus, P2X4R is associated with microglial activation. P2X4R activation drives microglia motility via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Also, these receptors are involved in inflammatory-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and induce a secretion and increase the expression of BDNF and TNF-α which could be a link between pathologies related to aging and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Saez-Orellana
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Andrea Godoy
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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35
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Hayatdavoudi P, Hosseini M, Hajali V, Hosseini A, Rajabian A. The role of astrocytes in epileptic disorders. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15239. [PMID: 35343625 PMCID: PMC8958496 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects about 1% of the population and approximately 30% of epileptic patients are resistant to current antiepileptic drugs. As a hallmark in epileptic tissue, many of the epileptic patients show changes in glia morphology and function. There are characteristic changes in different types of glia in different epilepsy models. Some of these changes such as astrogliosis are enough to provoke epileptic seizures. Astrogliosis is well known in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the most common form of refractory epilepsy. A better understanding of astrocytes alterations could lead to novel and efficient pharmacological approaches for epilepsy. In this review, we present the alterations of astrocyte morphology and function and present some instances of targeting astrocytes in seizure and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hayatdavoudi
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Vahid Hajali
- Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Debom GN, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. Adenosinergic Signaling as a Key Modulator of the Glioma Microenvironment and Reactive Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:648476. [PMID: 35069091 PMCID: PMC8766410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are numerous glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in brain homeostasis. These cells can directly communicate with neurons by releasing gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, into the multipartite synapse. Moreover, astrocytes respond to tissue injury in the CNS environment. Recently, astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity have been discussed by several authors, with studies proposing a spectrum of astrocytic activation characterized by A1/neurotoxic and A2/neuroprotective polarization extremes. The fundamental roles of astrocytes in communicating with other cells and sustaining homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling. In the CNS environment, the gliotransmitter ATP acts cooperatively with other glial signaling molecules, such as cytokines, which may impact CNS functions by facilitating/inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Adenosine (ADO), the main product of extracellular ATP metabolism, is an important homeostatic modulator and acts as a neuromodulator in synaptic transmission via P1 receptor sensitization. Furthermore, purinergic signaling is a key factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as damaged cells release ATP, leading to ADO accumulation in the TME through the ectonucleotidase cascade. Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation. The present review describes the importance of ADO in modulating astrocyte polarization and simultaneously promoting tumor growth. We also discuss whether targeting of CD73 to block ADO production can be used as an alternative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Debom
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Cardiologia - Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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The Tyrosine Phosphatase hPTPRβ Controls the Early Signals and Dopaminergic Cells Viability via the P2X 7 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312936. [PMID: 34884741 PMCID: PMC8657974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP, one of the signaling molecules most commonly secreted in the nervous system and capable of stimulating multiple pathways, binds to the ionotropic purinergic receptors, in particular, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and stimulates neuronal cell death. Given this effect of purinergic receptors on the viability of dopaminergic neurons model cells and that Ras GTPases control Erk1/2-regulated mitogen-activated cell proliferation and survival, we have investigated the role of the small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, together with their regulatory and effector molecules as the potential molecular intermediates in the P2X7R-regulated cell death of SN4741 dopaminergic neurons model cells. Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal response to purinergic stimulation involves the Calmodulin/RasGRF1 activation of the small GTPase Ras and Erk1/2. We also demonstrate that tyrosine phosphatase PTPRβ and other tyrosine phosphatases regulate the small GTPase activation pathway and neuronal viability. Our work expands the knowledge on the intracellular responses of dopaminergic cells by identifying new participating molecules and signaling pathways. In this sense, the study of the molecular circuitry of these neurons is key to understanding the functional effects of ATP, as well as considering the importance of these cells in Parkinson’s Disease.
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Ding Z, Guo S, Luo L, Zheng Y, Gan S, Kang X, Wu X, Zhu S. Emerging Roles of Microglia in Neuro-vascular Unit: Implications of Microglia-Neurons Interactions. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:706025. [PMID: 34712121 PMCID: PMC8546170 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.706025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, which serve as the defensive interface of the nervous system, are activated in many neurological diseases. Their role as immune responding cells has been extensively studied in the past few years. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuronal feedback can be shaped by the molecular signals received and sent by microglia. Altered neuronal activity or synaptic plasticity leads to the release of various communication messages from neurons, which in turn exert effects on microglia. Research on microglia-neuron communication has thus expanded from focusing only on neurons to the neurovascular unit (NVU). This approach can be used to explore the potential mechanism of neurovascular coupling across sophisticated receptor systems and signaling cascades in health and disease. However, it remains unclear how microglia-neuron communication happens in the brain. Here, we discuss the functional contribution of microglia to synapses, neuroimmune communication, and neuronal activity. Moreover, the current state of knowledge of bidirectional control mechanisms regarding interactions between neurons and microglia are reviewed, with a focus on purinergic regulatory systems including ATP-P2RY12R signaling, ATP-adenosine-A1Rs/A2ARs, and the ATP-pannexin 1 hemichannel. This review aims to organize recent studies to highlight the multifunctional roles of microglia within the neural communication network in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Salcman B, Affleck K, Bulfone-Paus S. P2X Receptor-Dependent Modulation of Mast Cell and Glial Cell Activities in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092282. [PMID: 34571930 PMCID: PMC8471135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Localisation of mast cells (MCs) at the abluminal side of blood vessels in the brain favours their interaction with glial cells, neurons, and endothelial cells, resulting in the activation of these cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In turn, stimulation of glial cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes may result in the modulation of MC activities. MCs, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes all express P2X receptors (P2XRs) family members that are selectively engaged by ATP. As increased concentrations of extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) are present in the brain in neuropathological conditions, P2XR activation in MCs and glial cells contributes to the control of their communication and amplification of the inflammatory response. In this review we discuss P2XR-mediated MC activation, its bi-directional effect on microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and role in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Salcman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Karen Affleck
- GlaxoSmithKline, Immunology Research Unit, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Association Between Adenosine A 2A Receptors and Connexin 43 Regulates Hemichannels Activity and ATP Release in Astrocytes Exposed to Amyloid-β Peptides. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6232-6248. [PMID: 34476674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates astrocytes and the associated purinergic modulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive deficits involving the extracellular amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) accumulation. Aβ can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration. AD's brains exhibit an upregulation of A2AR and of connexin 43 (Cx43), which in astrocytes forms hemichannels that can mediate ATP release. However, a coupling between astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 remains to be established. This was now investigated using astrocytic primary cultures exposed to Aβ1-42 peptides. Aβ triggered ATP release through Cx43 hemichannels, a process blocked by A2AR antagonists and mimicked by selective A2AR activation. A2AR directly regulated hemichannels activity and prevented Cx43 upregulation and phosphorylation observed in Aβ1-42-exposed astrocytes. Moreover, a proximity ligand assay revealed a physical association between astrocytic A2AR and Cx43. Finally, the blockade of CD73-mediated extracellular formation of ATP-derived adenosine prevented the Aβ-induced increase of Cx43 hemichannel activity and of ATP release. Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.
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Godoy PA, Mennickent D, Cuchillo-Ibáñez I, Ramírez-Molina O, Silva-Grecchi T, Panes-Fernández J, Castro P, Sáez-Valero J, Fuentealba J. Increased P2×2 receptors induced by amyloid-β peptide participates in the neurotoxicity in alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111968. [PMID: 34343896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is tightly associated with the physiopathology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as one of the most important factors in the evolution of the pathology. In this context, we previously reported that Aβ increases the expression of ionotropic purinergic receptor 2 (P2×2R). However, its role on the cellular and molecular Aβ toxicity is unknown, especially in human brain of AD patients. Using cellular and molecular approaches in hippocampal neurons, PC12 cells, and human brain samples of patients with AD, we evaluated the participation of P2×2R in the physiopathology of AD. Here, we reported that Aβ oligomers (Aβo) increased P2×2 levels in mice hippocampal neurons, and that this receptor increases at late Braak stages of AD patients. Aβo also increases the colocalization of APP with Rab5, an early endosomes marker, and decreased the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of Fe65 and PGC-1α immunoreactivity. The overexpression in PC12 cells of P2×2a, but not P2×2b, replicated these changes in Fe65 and PGC-1α; however, both overexpressed isoforms increased levels of Aβ. Taken together, these data suggest that P2×2 is upregulated in AD and it could be a key potentiator of the physiopathology of Aβ. Our results point to a possible participation in a toxic cycle that increases Aβ production, Ca2+ overload, and a decrease of PGC-1α. These novel findings put the P2×2R as a key novel pharmacological target to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Godoy
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Cuchillo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Oscar Ramírez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jessica Panes-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina (CIAB-UdeC), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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42
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Moreira-de-Sá A, Lourenço VS, Canas PM, Cunha RA. Adenosine A 2A Receptors as Biomarkers of Brain Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:702581. [PMID: 34335174 PMCID: PMC8322233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.702581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is produced with increased metabolic activity or stress, acting as a paracrine signal of cellular effort. Adenosine receptors are most abundant in the brain, where adenosine acts through inhibitory A1 receptors to decrease activity/noise and through facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) to promote plastic changes in physiological conditions. By bolstering glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, A2AR also contribute to synaptic and neuronal damage, as heralded by the neuroprotection afforded by the genetic or pharmacological blockade of A2AR in animal models of ischemia, traumatic brain injury, convulsions/epilepsy, repeated stress or Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. A2AR overfunction is not only necessary for the expression of brain damage but is actually sufficient to trigger brain dysfunction in the absence of brain insults or other disease triggers. Furthermore, A2AR overfunction seems to be an early event in the demise of brain diseases, which involves an increased formation of ATP-derived adenosine and an up-regulation of A2AR. This prompts the novel hypothesis that the evaluation of A2AR density in afflicted brain circuits may become an important biomarker of susceptibility and evolution of brain diseases once faithful PET ligands are optimized. Additional relevant biomarkers would be measuring the extracellular ATP and/or adenosine levels with selective dyes, to identify stressed regions in the brain. A2AR display several polymorphisms in humans and preliminary studies have associated different A2AR polymorphisms with altered morphofunctional brain endpoints associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. This further prompts the interest in exploiting A2AR polymorphic analysis as an ancillary biomarker of susceptibility/evolution of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreira-de-Sá
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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43
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Augusto E, Gonçalves FQ, Real JE, Silva HB, Pochmann D, Silva TS, Matos M, Gonçalves N, Tomé ÂR, Chen JF, Canas PM, Cunha RA. Increased ATP release and CD73-mediated adenosine A 2A receptor activation mediate convulsion-associated neuronal damage and hippocampal dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105441. [PMID: 34224862 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer's disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). Convulsive activity leads to increased ATP release, with the resulting morphological alterations being eliminated by A2AR blockade. However, it is not known if upon convulsions there is a CD73-mediated coupling between ATP release and A2AR overactivation, causing neurodegeneration. We now show that kainate-induced convulsions trigger a parallel increase of ATP release and of CD73 and A2AR densities in synapses and astrocytes of the mouse hippocampus. Notably, the genetic deletion of CD73 attenuates neuronal degeneration but has no impact on astrocytic modifications in the hippocampus upon kainate-induced convulsions. Furthermore, kainate-induced convulsions cause a parallel deterioration of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampal-dependent memory performance, which is eliminated by knocking out CD73. This demonstrates the key role of the ATP release/CD73/A2AR pathway to selectively control synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration following an acute brain insult, paving the way to consider CD73 as a new therapeutic target to prevent neuronal damage upon acute brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Augusto
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Joana E Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago S Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Matos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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44
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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45
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Pietrowski MJ, Gabr AA, Kozlov S, Blum D, Halle A, Carvalho K. Glial Purinergic Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654850. [PMID: 34054698 PMCID: PMC8160300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling regulates neuronal and glial cell functions in the healthy CNS. In neurodegenerative diseases, purinergic signaling becomes dysregulated and can affect disease-associated phenotypes of glial cells. In this review, we discuss how cell-specific expression patterns of purinergic signaling components change in neurodegeneration and how dysregulated glial purinergic signaling and crosstalk may contribute to disease pathophysiology, thus bearing promising potential for the development of new therapeutical options for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Pietrowski
- Microglia and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Amr Ahmed Gabr
- Microglia and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stanislav Kozlov
- Microglia and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Labex DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Annett Halle
- Microglia and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Carvalho
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Labex DISTALZ, Lille, France
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46
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Lopes CR, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Astrocytes and Adenosine A 2A Receptors: Active Players in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666710. [PMID: 34054416 PMCID: PMC8155589 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, through their numerous processes, establish a bidirectional communication with neurons that is crucial to regulate synaptic plasticity, the purported neurophysiological basis of memory. This evidence contributed to change the classic “neurocentric” view of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being astrocytes increasingly considered a key player in this neurodegenerative disease. AD, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by a deterioration of memory and of other cognitive functions. Although, early cognitive deficits have been associated with synaptic loss and dysfunction caused by amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), accumulating evidences support a role of astrocytes in AD. Astrocyte atrophy and reactivity occurring at early and later stages of AD, respectively, involve morphological alterations that translate into functional changes. However, the main signals responsible for astrocytic alterations in AD and their impact on synaptic function remain to be defined. One possible candidate is adenosine, which can be formed upon extracellular catabolism of ATP released by astrocytes. Adenosine can act as a homeostatic modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level, through the activation of adenosine receptors, mainly of A1R and A2AR subtypes. These receptors are also present in astrocytes, being particularly relevant in pathological conditions, to control the morphofunctional responses of astrocytes. Here, we will focus on the role of A2AR, since they are particularly associated with neurodegeneration and also with memory processes. Furthermore, A2AR levels are increased in the AD brain, namely in astrocytes where they can control key astrocytic functions. Thus, unveiling the role of A2AR in astrocytes function might shed light on novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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47
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Magni G, Ceruti S. Purines in Pain as a Gliopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:649807. [PMID: 33790798 PMCID: PMC8006436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.649807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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48
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Dias L, Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Nunes A, Pochmann D, Machado NJ, Tomé AR, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Crosstalk Between ATP-P 2X7 and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Controlling Neuroinflammation in Rats Subject to Repeated Restraint Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:639322. [PMID: 33732112 PMCID: PMC7957057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.639322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive conditions precipitated by repeated stress are a major socio-economical burden in Western countries. Previous studies showed that ATP-P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) antagonists attenuate behavioral modifications upon exposure to repeated stress. Since it is unknown if these two purinergic modulation systems work independently, we now investigated a putative interplay between P2X7R and A2AR. Adult rats exposed to restraint stress for 14 days displayed an anxious (thigmotaxis, elevated plus maze), depressive (anhedonia, increased immobility), and amnesic (modified Y maze, object displacement) profile, together with increased expression of Iba-1 (a marker of microglia “activation”) and interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; proinflammatory cytokines) and an up-regulation of P2X7R (mRNA) and A2AR (receptor binding) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. All these features were attenuated by the P2X7R-preferring antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) or by caffeine (0.3 g/L, p.o.), which affords neuroprotection through A2AR blockade. Notably, BBG attenuated A2AR upregulation and caffeine attenuated P2X7R upregulation. In microglial N9 cells, the P2X7R agonist BzATP (100 μM) or the A2AR agonist CGS26180 (100 nM) increased calcium levels, which was abrogated by the P2X7R antagonist JNJ47965567 (1 μM) and by the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM), respectively; notably JNJ47965567 prevented the effect of CGS21680 and the effect of BzATP was attenuated by SCH58261 and increased by CGS21680. These results provide the first demonstration of a functional interaction between P2X7R and A2AR controlling microglia reactivity likely involved in behavioral adaptive responses to stress and are illustrative of a cooperation between the two arms of the purinergic system in the control of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno J Machado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Camici M, Garcia-Gil M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Evidence for a Cross-Talk Between Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidases and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:609849. [PMID: 33408634 PMCID: PMC7781041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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50
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Lopes CR, Lourenço VS, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Use of knockout mice to explore CNS effects of adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114367. [PMID: 33333075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-'specific' receptors controlling dopamine D2R. This indicted A1R as potential controllers of neurodegeneration and A2AR of psychiatric conditions. Global knockout of these two receptors questioned the key role of A1R and instead identified extra-striatal A2AR as robust controllers of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration. Additionally, cell-selective knockout of A2AR unveiled the different roles of A2AR in different cell types (neurons/astrocytes) in different portions of the striatal circuits (dorsal versus lateral) and in different brain areas (hippocampus/striatum). Finally, a new transgenic mouse line with deletion of all adenosine receptors seems to indicate a major allostatic rather than homeostatic role of adenosine and may allow isolating P2R-mediated responses to unravel their role in the brain, a goal close to heart of Geoffrey Burnstock, to whom we affectionately dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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