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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Gupta MP, Caballero-George C. Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ten Species of Medicinal Importance of Cecropia: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:764-779. [PMID: 34284521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1495-9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work covers a systematic review of literature about the genus Cecropia from 1978 to 2020, emphasizing the analysis of 10 of the most relevant species and their associated biological activities. Cecropia is a neotropical genus, which comprises about 61 native species in the American continent where it is known to be part of the traditional medicine of numerous countries. Secondary metabolites described for this genus showed an elevated structural and functional diversity, where polyphenols have been the most abundant. Based on this diversity, Cecropia phytochemicals represent an important source of potential therapeutic agents yet to be exploited. This review also highlights the effectiveness of combining chemometrics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a novel approach to successfully single out Cecropia species phytochemicals. While the medicinal use of Cecropia species is officially recognized in National Pharmacopoeias and Formularies of several Latin American countries, it is important to recognize that these phytomedicines are complex mixtures requiring a thorough understanding of their chemical composition and their correlation with biological activities to guarantee their quality, safety, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
| | | | - Mahabir P Gupta
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Centre of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Republic of Panama
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Novel and revisited approaches in nanoparticle systems for buccal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 320:125-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Adejayan AA, Ozolua RI, Uwaya DO, Eze GI, Ezike AC. Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic and antitussive potentials of methanol leaf extract of Napoleona vogelii in rodents. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:120-126. [PMID: 30396068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Napoleona vogelii is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of asthma and cough. This study evaluated antiasthmatic and antitussive properties of its methanol leaf extract (NVE) in rodents. Phytochemical screening was conducted using established methods. Acute oral toxicity test was done in mice and guinea pigs. Ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs were orally pretreated with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of NVE or 0.5 mg/kg/day of salbutamol for 14 days before exposure to 0.2% histamine aerosol. Latency to preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD), tracheal fluid volume (TFV), flow rate (FR), and tracheal morphometry (TM) were evaluated. Tracheal rings from sensitized guinea pigs were tested in organ baths for antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects. Citric acid and ammonium hydroxide cough models were used to evaluate antitussive effects in guinea pigs and mice respectively. Tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic substances were found in NVE. LD50 values in mice and guinea pigs were greater than 5000 mg/kg. NVE caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the latency to PCD and a decrease in TFV in the group treated with 200 mg/kg. TM indicated a reduction in airway narrowing in NVE-treated groups. The presence of NVE significantly attenuated responses of tracheal rings to carbachol. Its addition to carbachol precontracted rings resulted in significant relaxation. Emax for calcium concentration-response was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the presence of NVE. Cough bouts dose-dependently decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in guinea pigs and mice. We conclude that NVE seems safe and possesses anti-asthmatic effect that involves inhibition of calcium influx. It also has antitussive properties that may be peripherally mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A Adejayan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Raymond I Ozolua
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
| | - Dickson O Uwaya
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Gerald I Eze
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi C Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Association of PLGA Microspheres to Carrier Pellets by Fluid Bed Coating: A Novel Approach towards Improving the Flowability of Microparticles. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2018; 2018:3874348. [PMID: 30057848 PMCID: PMC6051010 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3874348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoparticles have been vastly studied due to their biopharmaceutical advantages. However, these particles generally display very weak packing and poor mechanical properties. Hereby, a new methodology is proposed to associate poorly flowing particles to macrostructures targeting the improvement of flowability and redispersibility of the particles. Cecropia glaziovii-loaded PLGA microspheres (4.59 ± 0.04 μm) were associated with carrier pellets by film coating in a top-spray fluid bed equipment. Optimal conditions were determined employing a IV-Optimal factorial design and RGB image analysis as 1% (w/v) Kollicoat® Protect as coating polymer (2:1 weight ratio of coating suspension to carrier pellets), containing 5 mg/mL microspheres (loading of 28.07 ± 1.01 mg/g). The method led to an improvement of the overall flowability. No relevant molecular interactions between PLGA microspheres and polymers were found. Microspheres detached rapidly from the surface of the pellets, without agglomeration, when exposed to hydrodynamic forces. In vitro release profiles, prior to and after fluid bed coating, showed no relevant changes in drug release rate and extent. The methodology developed is suitable for further applications when an improvement on the flow properties and redispersibility of the product is desired. We showed an easy-to-implement methodology that can be executed without significant increase in costs.
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Rivera-Mondragón A, Ortíz OO, Bijttebier S, Vlietinck A, Apers S, Pieters L, Caballero-George C. Selection of chemical markers for the quality control of medicinal plants of the genus Cecropia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1500-1512. [PMID: 28372473 PMCID: PMC6130728 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1307421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) species are traditionally used in Latin America for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diabetes, arterial hypertension, asthma, bronchitis, anxiety, and inflammation. At present, a number of commercial products based on these plants have been introduced into the market with very little information on methods for guaranteeing their quality and safety. OBJECTIVE This work proposes potential chemical markers for the quality control of the raw materials of Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol., Cecropia peltata L., Cecropia glaziovii Snethl., Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, and Cecropia hololeuca Miq. METHODS The Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) developed by the National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) at the University of Western Sydney was used for selecting chemical markers for the quality control of selected medicinal species of Cecropia. This review covers the period from 1982 to 2016. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, flavonoidal glycosides (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and rutin), catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins (B2, B5, and C1), steroids (β-sitosterol), and triterpenoids (α-amyrin, pomolic, tormentic and ursolic acids) were selected as chemical markers for the quality control of the leaves. CONCLUSION It is necessary to establish comprehensive standards for guaranteeing quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. The selection of adequate chemical markers for quality control purposes requires a good knowledge about the chemical composition of medicinal plants and their associated biological properties. To the best of our knowledge this review article is the first to address the identification and quantitative determination of the chemical markers for the genus Cecropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rivera-Mondragón
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Orlando O. Ortíz
- Herbarium PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Sebastiaan Bijttebier
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arnold Vlietinck
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherina Caballero-George
- Group of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- CONTACT Catherina Caballero-GeorgeGroup of Pharmaceutical Research, Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Building 219, City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Santos TCD, Rescignano N, Boff L, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO, de Campos AM, Mijangos CU. Manufacture and characterization of chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles nanocomposite buccal films. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:638-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Caldas Dos Santos T, Rescignano N, Boff L, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO, de Campos AM, Mijangos C. In vitro antiherpes effect of C-glycosyl flavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1214-1220. [PMID: 28415409 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work is reported a novel and promising approach for the preparation of C-glycosylflavonoid enriched fraction of Cecropia glaziovii (EFF-Cg) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NP) with antiherpes properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of two nonionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 (PLU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), and also an emulsion stabilized by solid particles of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in place of surfactants. The characterization of these nanoparticles was in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), loading capacity and percent yield. Since TGA analysis revealed thermo stability especially for NP-PLU, this formulation was selected for the evaluation of drug release profile, cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity. The drug delivery profile demonstrated a sustained release through the polymer structure and a significant reduction of the polymer molecular weight at 21-day period. The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was determined on Vero cells, and the selected formulation did not exhibit cytotoxicity even at the highest tested concentration. The results demonstrated a potential antiherpetic effect of the EFF-Cg loaded NP at 48h of testing. In summary, EFF-Cg loaded NP exhibited a promising system for the effective drug delivery in the treatment of herpes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha Caldas Dos Santos
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP - CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil.
| | | | - Laurita Boff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil.
| | | | - Angela Machado de Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP - CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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Bipat R, Toelsie JR, Magali I, Soekhoe R, Stender K, Wangsawirana A, Oedairadjsingh K, Pawirodihardjo J, Mans DRA. Beneficial effect of medicinal plants on the contractility of post-hypoxic isolated guinea pig atria - Potential implications for the treatment of ischemic-reperfusion injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1483-1489. [PMID: 26730936 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1107103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Ischemic-reperfusion injury is accompanied by a decreased contractility of the myocardium. Positive-inotropic agents have proven useful for treating this condition but may exert serious side-effects. Objective In this study, aqueous preparations from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (Malvaceae), Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae), Cecropia peltata L. (Moraceae), Erythrina fusca Lour. (Fabaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) were evaluated for their ability to improve the decreased contractility of isolated guinea pig atria after hypoxic stress. Materials and methods Guinea pig atria isolated in Ringer-Locke buffer gassed with 100% O2 at 30 °C were exposed for 5 min to hypoxia, then allowed to recover in oxygenated buffer alone or containing a single plant extract (0.001-1 mg/mL). The contractility (g/s) and beating frequency (beats/min), as well as troponin C contents of the bathing solution (ng/mL), were determined and expressed as means ± SDs. Results The extracts of A. muricata, B. orellana, C. peltata and T. catappa caused an increase in the contractility compared to untreated atria of 340 ± 102%, 151 ± 13%, 141 ± 14% and 238 ± 44%, respectively. However, the latter two preparations increased the troponin C contents of the bathing solution to 36 ± 11 and 69 ± 33, compared to the value of 11 ± 3 ng/mL found with untreated atria. Conclusions Preparations from A. muricata and B. orellana may possess positive-inotropic properties which may improve the contractility of the post-hypoxic myocardium. Studies to assess their usefulness in ischemic-reperfusion injury are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Bipat
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Jerry R Toelsie
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Indira Magali
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Rubaina Soekhoe
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Karin Stender
- c Department of Pharmacy , University of Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Angelique Wangsawirana
- d Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Krishan Oedairadjsingh
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Jennifer Pawirodihardjo
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
| | - Dennis R A Mans
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Anton de Kom University of Suriname , Paramaribo , Suriname
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Müller SD, Florentino D, Ortmann CF, Martins FA, Danielski LG, Michels M, de Souza Constantino L, Petronilho F, Reginatto FH. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:255-262. [PMID: 26965365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia glaziovii Sneth leaves extract is widely used as a traditional folk medicine in Brazil, especially for the treatment of diabetes, and as an antihypertensive and antiinflammatory agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of crude aqueous extract (CAE) of C. glaziovii leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of the CAE (10-300mg/kg, intragastrically) was investigated in the animal model of pleurisy. The cell migration, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total protein content were also analyzed. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of CAE was evaluated by the inhibition of formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), induced by free radical generators (H2O2, FeSO4 and AAPH) on a lipid-rich substrate. Hence, the chemical characterizarion of CAE by HPLC was therefore performed. The results showed that the inflammatory process caused by the administration of carragenin (Cg) into the pleural cavity resulted in a substantial increase in inflammatory parameters and oxidative damage. These levels seems to be reversed after CAE treatment in animals with similar results to Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Further, the CAE was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokines, cell infiltrate, MPO activity, nitrite/nitrate concentration, LDH activity, and total protein levels with concomitant attenuation of all parameters associated with oxidative damage induced by Cg. Finally, the CAE presented in vitro antioxidant activity induced by free radical generators at all the concentrations investigated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of chlorogenic acid and C-glycosylflavonoids (isoorientin and isovitexin) as the major compounds of the CAE. CONCLUSION CAE of C. glaziovii exerts significant antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities and this effect can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of chlorogenic acid and the C-glycosylflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simony Davet Müller
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Drielly Florentino
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Caroline Flach Ortmann
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amélia Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucineia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Souza Constantino
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique Reginatto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Arend DP, Santos TCD, Cazarolli LH, Hort MA, Sonaglio D, dos Santos ALG, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM, Silva FRMB, de Campos AM. In vivo potential hypoglycemic and in vitro vasorelaxant effects of Cecropia glaziovii standardized extracts. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Beringhs AO, Dalmina M, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Sonaglio D. Response Surface Methodology IV-Optimal design applied to the performance improvement of an RP-HPLC-UV method for the quantification of phenolic acids in Cecropia glaziovii products. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Khan AU, Gilani AH. Natural Products Useful in Respiratory Disorders: Focus on Side-Effect Neutralizing Combinations. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1265-1285. [PMID: 26061992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes literature related to medicinal plants reputed in traditional medical systems for treatment of asthma and coughs. The plants that are pharmacologically investigated for their effectiveness in such conditions, along with respective experimental protocol details, are also discussed. Some of plant origin compounds, which are considered useful as antitussive and antiasthmatic agents, are described as well. Chrysoeriol, a constituent of Aspalathus linearis (Fabaceae) was observed to be selective for relaxant effect in airways (through K+ channel activation), compared with other smooth muscles. We reported that Hypericum perforatum (Hyperieaceae), Andropogon muricatus (Poaceae), Juniper excelsa (Coniferae) and Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae) exhibit bronchodilatory action, mediated through combination of Ca++ antagonist and phospohodiesrase inhibitory mechanisms, which scientifically explains their medicinal use in asthma. Hyocyamus niger (Solanaceae), Artemisia vulgaris (Compositae), Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae) and Terminalia bellerica (Combretaceae) caused bronchodilation via dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca++ influx. Acorus calamus (Araceae), Carum roxburghianum (Apiaceae), Lens culinaris (Fabaceae) and Lepidium sativum (Cruciferae) mediate bronchodilatation through multiple pathways: anticholinergic and inhibition of Ca++ channels and PDE enzyme(s). In conclusion, this review presents an analysis of different novel combinations of pharmacological activities in medicinal plants with side effect-neutralizing/synergistic potential, setting new trends in the therapeutic options for hyperactive respiratory disorders such as asthma and cough. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Costa G, Ortmann CF, Schenkel EP, Reginatto FH. Seasonal variations in the amount of isoorientin and isovitexin in Cecropia glaziovii Sneth. leaves over a two-year period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rcciquifa.v43n1.45471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cruz EDM, da Silva ER, Maquiaveli CDC, Alves ESS, Lucon JF, dos Reis MBG, de Toledo CEM, Cruz FG, Vannier-Santos MA. Leishmanicidal activity of Cecropia pachystachya flavonoids: arginase inhibition and altered mitochondrial DNA arrangement. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 89:71-77. [PMID: 23453911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant Cecropia pachystachya Trécul is widely used in Brazilian ethnomedicine to treat hypertension, asthma, and diabetes. Arginase is an enzyme with levels that are elevated in these disorders, and it is central to Leishmania polyamine biosynthesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate antileishmanial activity and inhibition of the arginase enzyme by C. pachystachya extracts, and to study changes in cellular organization using electron microscopy. The ethanol extract of C. pachystachya was tested on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigote survival/proliferation and arginase activity in vitro. Qualitative ultrastructural analysis was also used to observe changes in cell organization. The major bioactive molecules of the ethanol extract were characterized using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract diminished promastigote axenic growth/survival, inhibited arginase activity, and altered a mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (K-DNA) array. The bioactive compounds of C. pachystachya were characterized as glucoside flavonoids. Orientin (9) (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) was the main component of the methanol-soluble ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the ethanol extract and is an arginase inhibitor (IC50 15.9 μM). The ethyl acetate fraction was not cytotoxic to splenocytes at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. In conclusion, C. pachystachya contains bioactive compounds that reduce the growth of L. (L.) amazonensis promastigotes, altering mitochondrial K-DNA arrangement and inhibiting arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenézer de Mello Cruz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, CPqGM-FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Beringhs AO, Souza FM, de Campos AM, Ferraz HG, Sonaglio D. Technological development of Cecropia glaziovi extract pellets by extrusion-spheronization. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Costa GM, Kappel VD, de Oliveira SQ, Fortunato J, Cittadini-Zanette V, Moreira JCF, Simões CMO, Dal-Pizzol F, Reginatto FH. Hepatoprotective effects and HSV-1 activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Cecropia glaziovii (embaúba-vermelha) against acyclovir-resistant strain. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:911-918. [PMID: 22480215 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.643902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. (Cecropiaceae), commonly known as "embaúba-vermelha", is widely distributed throughout Latin America and has been reported in Brazilian folk medicine to treat cough, asthma, high blood pressure and inflammation. OBJECTIVE Investigate the hepatoprotective properties of crude hydroethanolic extract of C. glaziovii as well as its in vitro antioxidant and antiviral (HSV-1 acyclovir resistant strain) activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatoprotective effect, the antioxidant properties and antiviral activity of crude hydroethanol extract (RCE40) from C. glaziovii leaves were evaluated by carbon-tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity, by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species) and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assays, respectively. RESULTS The RCE40 extract (20 mg/kg) inhibited lipid peroxidation on liver in post injury treatment and decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, in this protocol the RCE40 (20 mg/kg) enhanced the activity of hepatic enzymes (SOD/CAT) which are involved in combating reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that it possesses the capacity to attenuate the CCl(4)-induced liver damage. Moreover the RCE40 (20 mg/kg) inhibited TBARS formation induced by several different inductors of oxidative stress showing significant antioxidant activity, including physiologically relevant concentration, as low as 2 µg/mL. Concerning antiviral activity, the RCE40 was effective against herpes simplex virus type 1 replication (29R acyclovir resistant strain) with EC(50) = 40 µg/mL and selective index (SI) = 50. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicate that C. glaziovii could be a good source of antioxidant and anti-HSV-1 lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Costa GM, Schenkel EP, Reginatto FH. Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Cecropia. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cecropia genus consists of about 60 species distributed throughout Latin America, mostly in Brazil. These species are widely used in traditional medicine to treat cough, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, inflammation, heart disease, and as a diuretic. In recent years, there has been an increase in research on Cecropia species, with several phytochemical and pharmacological reports. Concerning its chemical composition, C-glycosylflavonoids and proanthocyanidins have been described as the main constituents of C. glaziovii, C. hololeuca and C. pachystachya, while terpenoids and steroids have been reported in several species, including C. adenopus and C. pachystachya. Among the pharmacological properties described for the genus, the most frequently reported are hypoglycemic activity for C. obtusifolia and C. peltata, and hypotensive and central nervous system activity for C. glaziovii. The present review compiles the information available on this genus because of its ethnopharmacological relevance and the potential therapeutic uses of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geison M. Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eloir P. Schenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio H. Reginatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - 88040-900, Brazil
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Randazzo-Moura P, Silva MG, Oshima-Franco Y, Groppo FC, Gerenutti M. The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Cecropia glazioui Snethlage (Embauba) in the Rat Fetal Development. Chin Med 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2011.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Youssouf M, Kaiser P, Singh G, Singh S, Bani S, Gupta V, Satti N, Suri K, Johri R. Anti-histaminic, anti-inflammatory and bronchorelaxant activities of 2, 7-dimethyl-3-nitro-4H pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine-4-one. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Souccar C, Cysneiros RM, Tanae MM, Torres LMB, Lima-Landman MTR, Lapa AJ. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by a standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth and underlying mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:462-469. [PMID: 18462931 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cecropia glazioui Sneth (Cecropiaceae) is used in folk medicine in tropical and subtropical Latin America as cardiotonic, diuretic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic. The hypotensive/antihypertensive activity of the plant aqueous extract (AE) and isolated butanolic fraction (BuF) has been confirmed and putatively related to calcium channels blockade in vascular smooth musculature [Lapa, A.J., Lima-Landman, M.T.R., Cysneiros, R.M, Borges, A.C.R., Souccar, C., Barreta, I.P., Lima, T.C.M., 1999. The Brazilian folk medicine program to validate medicinal plants - a topic in new antihypertensive drug research. In: Hostettman, K., Gupta, M.P., Marston, A. (Eds.), Proceedings Volume, IOCD/CYTED Symposium, Panamá City, Panamá, 23-26 February 1997. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the Americas. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 185-196; Lima-Landman, M.T., Borges, A.C., Cysneiros, R.M., De Lima, T.C., Souccar, C., Lapa, A.J., 2007. Antihypertensive effect of a standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth in rats: an in vivo approach to the hypotensive mechanism. Phytomedicine 14, 314-320]. Bronchodilation and antidepressant-like activities of both AE and BuF have been also shown [Delarcina, S., Lima-Landman, M.T., Souccar, C., Cysneiros, R.M., Tanae, M.M., Lapa, A.J., 2007. Inhibition of histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs treated with Cecropia glaziovi Sneth and correlation with the in vitro activity in tracheal muscles. Phytomedicine 14, 328-332; Rocha, F.F., Lima-Landman, M.T., Souccar, C., Tanae, M.M., De Lima, T.C., Lapa, A.J., 2007. Antidepressant-like effect of Cecropia glazioui Sneth and its constituents -in vivo and in vitro characterization of the underlying mechanism. Phytomedicine 14, 396-402]. This study reports the antiulcer and antisecretory gastric acid activities of the plant AE, its BuF and isolated compounds with the possible mechanism involved. Both AE and BuF were assayed on gastric acid secretion of pylorus-ligated mice, on acute models of gastric mucosal lesions, and on rabbit gastric H(+), K(+)-ATPase preparations. Intraduodenal injection of AE or BuF (0.5-2.0g/kg, i.d) produced a dose-related decrease of the basal gastric acid secretion in 4-h pylorus-ligated mice. At 1.0g/kg, BuF decreased the volume (28%) and total acidity (33%) of the basal acid secretion, and reversed the histamine (2.5mg/kg, s.c.)- or bethanecol (1.0mg/kg, s.c.)-induced acid secretion to basal values, indicating inhibition of the gastric proton pump. Pretreatment of mice with the BuF (0.05-0.5g/kg, p.o.) protected against gastric mucosal lesions induced by 75% ethanol, indomethacin (30mg/kg, s.c.) or restraint at 4 degrees C. BuF also decreased the gastric H(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro proportionately to the concentration (IC(50)=58.8microg/ml). The compounds isolated from BuF, consisting mainly of cathechins, procyanidins and flavonoids [Tanae, M.M., Lima-Landman, M.T.R., De Lima, T.C.M., Souccar, C., Lapa, A.J., 2007. Chemical standardization of the aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth endowed with antihypertensive, bronchodilator, antacid secretion and antidepressant-like activities. Phytomedicine 14, 309-313], inhibited the in vitro gastric H(+), K(+)-ATPase activity at equieffective concentrations to that of BuF. The results indicate that C. glazioui constituents inhibit the gastric proton pump; this effect may account for the effective antisecretory and antiulcer activities of the standardized plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Souccar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Natural Products Section, 04044-020 Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tanae MM, Lima-Landman MTR, De Lima TCM, Souccar C, Lapa AJ. Chemical standardization of the aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth endowed with antihypertensive, bronchodilator, antiacid secretion and antidepressant-like activities. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:309-13. [PMID: 17434301 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the extraction process and standardization of the aqueous extract (AE) of a Cecropia species aiming its pharmacological characterization as a phytomedicine to be used in primary health care. The plant was originally collected in its environment, and was thereafter specially cultivated for the present work. To standardize the plant AE, several 2.0% tea of the dried leaves were prepared under controlled conditions and freeze dried. The AE (20% yield) was partitioned with n-butanol yielding the butanolic fraction (BuF; 1% yield). The activity of AE on vital organ functions (cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous system) was determined in vivo. The effects of AE were compared to those of BuF in the same models and the relative potency determined. BuF was further evaluated in representative in vitro models to assess possible mechanisms of action. Chemical constituents of BuF were isolated in preparative HPLC columns yielding 10 highly purified compounds chemically identified as catechins (2), procyanidins (4), flavonoids (2), mixed sugars (1) and chlorogenic acid. All the compounds were identified by chemical analytic instrumentation (13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, LC-MS). Their relative concentrations in AE were ca 12% catechins, 19% procyanidins and 19% flavonoids. The pharmacological activity of the standardized AE is reported in accompanying papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Tanae
- Natural Products Section, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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