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Liu H, Liu H, Zhou Z, Chung J, Zhang G, Chang J, Parise RA, Chu E, Schmitz JC. Scutellaria baicalensis enhances 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37337282 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyridine-based chemotherapy remains the most widely used treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which the natural product Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang Qin; HQ) and one of its main components baicalin enhanced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) antitumor activity against CRC. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, immunoblot analysis, and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of HQ and its active components on growth of CRC cells. HQ exhibited in vitro antiproliferative activity against drug resistant human CRC cells, against human and mouse CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds and normal human colon epithelial cells. In vivo animal models were used to document the antitumor activity of HQ and baicalin. The mechanism of growth inhibitory activity of HQ is due to inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways including the CDK-RB pathway. In addition, HQ enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-FU and capecitabine in vivo. Furthermore, we identified baicalin as an active component of HQ. The combination of baicalin and 5-FU demonstrated synergistic activity against 5-FU-resistant RKO-R10 cells. The combination significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth greater than each treatment alone. RPPA results showed that the signaling pathway alterations in CRC cells were similar following HQ and baicalin treatment. Together, these results indicate that HQ and its component baicalin enhance the effect of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of CDK-RB pathway. These findings may provide the rational basis for developing agents that can overcome the development of cellular drug resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Ali M, Wani SUD, Salahuddin M, S.N. M, K M, Dey T, Zargar MI, Singh J. Recent advance of herbal medicines in cancer- a molecular approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13684. [PMID: 36865478 PMCID: PMC9971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds are crucial for an extensive range of therapeutic uses, and some exhibit anticancer activity. Scientists advocate that phytochemicals modulate autophagy and apoptosis, involved in the underlying pathobiology of cancer development and regulation. The pharmacological aiming of the autophagy-apoptosis signaling pathway using phytocompounds hence offers an auspicious method that is complementary to conventional cancer chemotherapy. The current review aims to explore the molecular level of the autophagic-apoptotic pathway to know its implication in the pathobiology of cancer and explore the essential cellular process as a druggable anticancer target and therapeutic emergence of naturally derived phytocompound-based anticancer agents. The data in the review were collected from scientific databases such as Google search, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Clinical Trials. With a broad outlook, we investigated their cutting-edge scientifically revealed and/or searched pharmacologic effects, a novel mechanism of action, and molecular signaling pathway of phytochemicals in cancer therapy. In this review, the evidence is focused on molecular pharmacology, specifically caspase, Nrf2, NF-kB, autophagic-apoptotic pathway, and several mechanisms to understand their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | - Manjula S.N.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Mruthunjaya K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Zargar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Jagadeesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
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Lam W, Hu R, Liu SH, Cheng P, Cheng YC. YIV-906 enhances nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activity of T cells and promotes immune checkpoint blockade antibody action and CAR T-cell activity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1095186. [PMID: 36686648 PMCID: PMC9846171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1095186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
YIV-906 is a systems biology botanical cancer drug, inspired by a traditional Chinese herbal formulation. Results from eight Phase I/II to II clinical studies demonstrated the potential of YIV-906 to prolong survival and improve the quality of life of cancer patients. As an immunomodulator in the tumor microenvironment, YIV-906 can turn cold tumors hot and potentiate anti-tumor activity for different classes of anticancer agents; and as a cytoprotector in the GI, YIV-906 can reduce non-hematological side effects and speed up damaged tissue recovery. YIV-906 enhanced anti-PD1 action against hepatoma in mice by stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. In a Jurkat cell-staphylococcal superantigen E (SEE)-Raji cell culture model, YIV-906 promoted T cell activation with upregulation of CD69 by enhancing NFAT activity, with or without PD1-PD-L1 interaction. YIV-906 could trigger the phosphorylation of TCR downstream signaling cascades without the involvement of TCR. YIV-906 could inhibit SHP1 and SHP2 activities, which dephosphorylates TCR downstream proteins due to the PD1-PD-L1 interaction. Therefore, YIV-906 could enhance anti-PD1 action to rescue the depressed NFAT activity of Jurkat cells due to the PD1-PD-L1 interaction. In addition, YIV-906 enhanced the NFAT activity and killing capability of Jurkat cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-CD19-CD3z) toward CD19 expressing cells, such as Raji cells, with or without PD1-PD-L1 overexpression. Ingredient herb S (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) of YIV-906 and some S compounds were found to play key roles in these activities. In conclusion, YIV-906 modulates adaptive immunity by activating T effector cells mainly through its action on SHP1/2. YIV-906 could also facilitate immune checkpoint blockade therapy or CAR-T cell therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States
| | | | | | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States,*Correspondence: Yung-Chi Cheng,
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Na-Bangchang K, Plengsuriyakarn T, Karbwang J. The Role of Herbal Medicine in Cholangiocarcinoma Control: A Systematic Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:3-18. [PMID: 35468650 DOI: 10.1055/a-1676-9678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) and limited treatment options stimulate a pressing demand for research and the development of new chemotherapeutics against cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to systematically review herbs and herb-derived compounds or herbal formulations that have been investigated for their anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential. Systematic literature searches were conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. One hundred and twenty-three research articles fulfilled the eligibility critera and were included in the analysis (68 herbs, isolated compounds and/or synthetic analogs, 9 herbal formulations, and 119 compounds that are commonly found in several plant species). The most investigated herbs were Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Only A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) has undergone the full process of nonclinical and clinical development to deliver the final product for clinical use. The extracts of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae), Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. (Clusiaceae), and Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) exhibit antiproliferative activities against human cholangiocarcinoma cells (IC50 < 15 µg/mL). Cucurbitacin B and triptolide are herbal isolated compounds that exhibit the most promising activities (IC50 < 1 µM). A series of experimental studies (in vitro, in vivo, and humans) confirmed the anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential and safety profile of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and its active compounds atractylodin and β-eudesmol, including the capsule pharmaceutical of the standardized A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) extract. Future research should be focused on the full development of the candidate herbs to deliver products that are safe and effective for cholangiocarcinoma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Lu PD, Yuan MC, Quan XP, Chen JF, Zhao YH. Preclinical studies of licorice in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115444. [PMID: 35671864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, possessing the efficacies of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, heat-clearing and detoxicating, phlegm-resolving and cough suppressant, relieving spasm and pain, and hamonizing actions of various medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this systematic review, which includes meta-analysis and network pharmacology in preclinical studies, is to investigate the multiple efficacies of licorice on ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect and PubMed until Januanry 2022 for literature collection, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data. To synthesize the retrieved data, the fixed and random-effects models were utilized, respectively, and network pharmacology was applied to confirm the mechanisms. RESULTS Based on the result of meta-analysis, it suggested that the treatments of licorice extract and its active compounds showed strong therpeutic effects, which not only reflected the declining histological score, a index of the colitis severity [SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-3.65, -2.08); P < 0.00001], but also reversed colonic shortness [WMD = 1.67, 95% CI (1.16, 2.19); P < 0.00001] between experimental UC model and licorice-treatment groups. In addition, it suggested the significant reduction of TNF-α level [SMD = -2.70, 95% CI (-3.23, -2.16); P < 0.00001], which acted as a crucial role in inflammatory response. Furthermore, from the results of network pharmacology, it indicated that anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, immunomodulatory effect and microbiota homeostasis were the predominant therapeutic mechanisms of licorice extract and its active compounds treating UC. CONCLUSION This systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology demonstrates an efficient role of licorice extract and its active compounds in preclinical studies of UC, which provides supporting evidence for clinical trial implementation. However, there exist some limitations, such as technique quality decificency, missed reports due to negative outcome, failure to calculate sample size, and the risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-De Lu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Meng-Chen Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xing-Ping Quan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jin-Fen Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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Wang KL, Yu YC, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Recent Advances in Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)-Containing Herbs Alleviating Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Adverse Reactions in Cancer Treatment. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060535. [PMID: 35736467 PMCID: PMC9227067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They also impose a large economic burden on patients, their families, and health insurance systems. Notably, cancers and the adverse reactions to their therapeutic options, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, dramatically affect the quality of life of afflicted patients. Therefore, developing approaches to manage chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions gained greater attention in recent years. Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), a perennial plant that is one of the most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, has been heavily investigated in relation to cancer therapy. Licorice/licorice-related regimes, used in combination with chemotherapy, may improve the adverse effects of chemotherapy. However, there is little awareness of licorice-containing herbs alleviating reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or to other induced adverse reactions in cancer treatment. We aimed to provide a descriptive review, and to emphasize the possibility that licorice-related medicines could be used as an adjuvant regimen with chemotherapy to improve quality of life (QoL) and to reduce side effects, thus, improving compliance with chemotherapy. The experimental method involved searching different databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Wang Fang database, as of May 2022, to identify any relevant studies. Despite a lack of high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials, we still discovered the potential benefits of licorice-containing herbs from published clinical studies. These studies find that licorice-containing herbs, and their active ingredients, reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improve the QoL of patients. This comprehensive review will serve as a cornerstone to encourage more scientists to evaluate and develop effective Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to improve the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Sex Hormonal Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Farooq Wali A, Ramakrishna Pillai J, Beigh S, Mushtaq A, Arafah A, Rehman MU, Jabnoun S, Razmpoor M, Al Dibsawi A, Alshehri Resource S, Ghoneim MM, Sarim Imam S. Ethnopharmacological Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Properties and Clinical Trials of Ziziphus Spina-Christi: A Comprehensive Review. Saudi Pharm J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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YIV-906 potentiated anti-PD1 action against hepatocellular carcinoma by enhancing adaptive and innate immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13482. [PMID: 34188068 PMCID: PMC8242098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
YIV-906 (PHY906) is a standardized botanical cancer drug candidate developed with a systems biology approach—inspired by a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, historically used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. In combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, preclinical and clinical results suggest that YIV-906 has the potential to prolong survival and improve quality of life for cancer patients. Here, we demonstrated that YIV-906 plus anti-PD1 could eradicate all Hepa 1–6 tumors in all tumor bearing mice. YIV-906 was found to have multiple mechanisms of action to enhance adaptive and innate immunity. In combination, YIV-906 reduced PD1 or counteracted PD-L1 induction caused by anti-PD1 which led to higher T-cell activation gene expression of the tumor. In addition, YIV-906 could reduce immune tolerance by modulating IDO activity and reducing monocytic MDSC of the tumor. The combination of anti-PD1 and YIV-906 generated acute inflammation in the tumor microenvironment with more M1-like macrophages. YIV-906 could potentiate the action of interferon gamma (IFNg) to increase M1-like macrophage polarization while inhibiting IL4 action to decrease M2 macrophage polarization. Flavonoids from YIV-906 were responsible for modulating IDO activity and potentiating IFNg action in M1-like macrophage polarization. In conclusion, YIV-906 could act as an immunomodulator and enhance the innate and adaptive immune response and potentiate anti-tumor activity for immunotherapies to treat cancer.
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Xu DD, Hou XY, Wang O, Wang D, Li DT, Qin SY, Lv B, Dai XM, Zhang ZJ, Wan JB, Xu FG. A four-component combination derived from Huang-Qin Decoction significantly enhances anticancer activity of irinotecan. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:364-375. [PMID: 33941341 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qin Decoction (HQD) is a classic prescription for diarrhea in Chinese medicine treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that HQD and its modified formulation PHY906 could ameliorate irinotecan (CPT-11) induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and enhance its anticancer therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, which constituents in HQD are effective is still unclear so far. The study aims to screen out the key bioactive components combination from HQD that could enhance the anticancer effect of CPT-11. First, the potential bioactive constituents were obtained through system pharmacology strategy. Then the bioactivity of each constituent was investigated synthetically from the aspects of NCM460 cell migration, TNF-α release of THP-1-derived macrophage and MTT assay in HCT116 cell. The contribution of each constituent in HQD was evaluated using the bioactive index Ei, which taken the content and bioactivity into comprehensive consideration. And then, the most contributing constituents were selected out to form a key-component combination. At last, the bioefficacy of the key-component combination was validated in vitro and in vivo. As a result, a key-component combination (HB4) consisting of four compounds baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizic acid and wogonin was screened out. In vitro assessment indicated that HB4 could enhance the effect of CPT-11 on inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HCT116. Furthermore, the in vivo study confirmed that HB4 and HQD have similar pharmacological activity and could both enhance the antitumor effect of CPT-11 in HCT116 xenograft model. Meanwhile, HB4 could also reduce the CPT-11 induced GI toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Dou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Si-Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Changou CA, Shiah HS, Chen LT, Liu S, Luh F, Liu SH, Cheng YC, Yen Y. A Phase II Clinical Trial on the Combination Therapy of PHY906 Plus Capecitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncologist 2021; 26:e367-e373. [PMID: 33140457 PMCID: PMC7930412 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED A PHY906 and capecitabine combination could be effective as a salvage therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously treated with multiple systemic therapies. This traditional Chinese medicine formulation can work with Western cancer chemotherapeutic agents to improve clinical outcomes or alleviate side effects for patients with advanced HCC. BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of capecitabine combined with a PHY906 (a pharmaceutical-grade formulation of four traditional Chinese herbs) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asian patients who were positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS This study was an open-label, phase II safety and efficacy clinical trial of PHY906 and capecitabine in patients with advanced HCC. Patients received 750 mg/m2 capecitabine b.i.d. 14 days plus 800 mg of PHY906 b.i.d. on days 1-4 and days 8-11 every 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was 6-month survival rate, and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival, disease control rate, and safety. RESULTS Thirty-nine subjects completed the study with a 46.2% stable disease rate. The median progression-free survival was 1.5 months, and median overall survival (mOS) was 6 months with a 51.3% 6-month survival rate. The most common adverse events included lower hemoglobin, diarrhea, pain, abdomen (not otherwise specified), fatigue, increased aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin. Patients who (a) had not received previous chemotherapies or targeted therapy or (b) had lower starting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels or (c) had HBV infection showed better clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Our data showed that PHY906 increases the therapeutic index of capecitabine by enhancing its antitumor activity and reduces its toxicity profile in advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun A Changou
- The PhD program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The PhD program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Her-Shyong Shiah
- The PhD program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Servina Liu
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, California, USA
| | - Frank Luh
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, California, USA
| | | | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- The PhD program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Scaria B, Sood S, Raad C, Khanafer J, Jayachandiran R, Pupulin A, Grewal S, Okoko M, Arora M, Miles L, Pandey S. Natural Health Products (NHP's) and Natural Compounds as Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Cancer; Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Activity of Natural Compounds and Overall Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8480. [PMID: 33187200 PMCID: PMC7697102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer therapeutics, such as tubulin-targeting chemotherapy drugs, cause cytotoxic, non-selective effects. These harmful side-effects drastically reduce the cancer patient's quality of life. Recently, researchers have focused their efforts on studying natural health products (NHP's) which have demonstrated the ability to selectively target cancer cells in cellular and animal models. However, the major hurdle of clinical validation remains. NHP's warrant further clinical investigation as a therapeutic option since they exhibit low toxicity, while retaining a selective effect. Additionally, they can sensitize cancerous cells to chemotherapy, which enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, indicating that they can be utilized as supplemental therapy. An additional area for further research is the investigation of drug-drug interactions between NHP's and chemotherapeutics. The objectives of this review are to report the most recent results from the field of anticancer NHP research, and to highlight the most recent advancements in possible supplemental therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (B.S.); (S.S.); (C.R.); (J.K.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.O.); (M.A.); (L.M.)
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12
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Feng X, Ma G, Shi H, Wang Y, Chao X. An Integrative Serum Pharmacology-Based Approach to Study the Anti-Tumor Activity of B. paniculatum Aqueous Bulb Extract on the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line BEL-7404. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01261. [PMID: 33123002 PMCID: PMC7569155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet (Cucurbitaceae family), also known as Tu-Bei-Mu (TBM) in Chinese, has shown curative effects to treat several types of cancer as an adjunctive therapy. Thereby we intend to find its effect on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to understand the pharmacological mechanism behind it. In this study, an integrative serum pharmacology-based approach linking serum pharmacology and bioinformatics prediction was employed. Firstly, we used the serum taken introgastrically from the rats dministered by TBM aqueous bulb extract to culture the HCC cell line BEL-7404 and detect its anti-tumor effects. Secondly, the TBM putative targets were predicted using the ETCM database and known therapeutic targets of NPC were collected from the OMIM database. Then, a TBM-HCC putative targets network was constructed using the DAVID and STRING databases. Thirdly, key gene targets were obtained based on topological analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. The expression of 4 representative key targets were validated by Western blotting. As a result, 36 TBM targets and 26 known therapeutic targets of HCC were identified. These key targets were found to be frequently involved in 13 KEGG pathways and 4 biological processes. The expression of four representative key targets: TP53, CASP3, BCL2 and BAX further supports the suppression of TBM on HCC. In general, our study shows the curative effects of TBM against HCC. By using this integrative approach, we may find novel potential therapeutic targets to suppress HCC using TBM as an adjunctive therapy. And it could also help us understand the mechanism of HCC treatments in response to TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Feng
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Guangyuan Ma
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuewen Wang
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Chao
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,The Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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13
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Chen F, Zhong Z, Tan HY, Guo W, Zhang C, Tan CW, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Uncovering the Anticancer Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas: Therapeutic Alternatives for Liver Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:293. [PMID: 32256363 PMCID: PMC7093640 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential values of Chinese herbal formulas in treating various diseases are well known. In addition to more than 2,000 years of history, herbal medicine is appreciated for its remarkable efficacy in a lot of cases, which warrants a role in public health care worldwide, especially in East Asian countries. Liver cancer is the second most fatal cancer across the world. Recent studies have extensively investigated the chemical profiles and pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine formulas on liver cancer. Either through observational follow-up or experimental studies, multiple herbal formulas have benefits implicated in the management of liver cancer. However, complex composition of each formula imposes restrictions on promoting clinical practice and global recognition. Therefore, understanding the mode of action of Chinese herbal medicine formulas in depth may offer sufficient evidence for their clinical use. This review highlighted the chemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms of actions of prominent Chinese herbal medicine formulas and summarized the correlated findings on the potential use in liver cancer treatment. At last, the present progresses of Chinese herbal medicine formulas in the perspective of clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Wing Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Liu S, He X, Man VH, Ji B, Liu J, Wang J. New application of in silico methods in identifying mechanisms of action and key components of anti-cancer herbal formulation YIV-906 (PHY906). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23501-23513. [PMID: 31617551 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
YIV-906 (formally PHY906, KD018) is a four-herb formulation that is currently being developed to improve the therapeutic index and ameliorate the side effects of many chemotherapeutic drugs including sorafenib, irinotecan, and capecitabine. However, as a promising anti-cancer adjuvant, the molecular mechanism of action of YIV-906 remains unrevealed due to its multi-component and multi-target features. Since YIV-906 has been shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells through modulating the negative regulators of ERK1/2, namely DUSPs, it is of great interest to elucidate the key components that cause the therapeutic effect of YIV-906. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of YIV-906 inhibiting DUSPs, using a broad spectrum of molecular modelling techniques, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations. In total, MD simulations and binding free energy calculations were performed for 99 DUSP-ligand complexes. We found that some herbal components or their metabolites could inhibit DUSPs. Based on the docking scores and binding free energies, the sulfation and glucuronidation metabolites of the S ingredient in YIV-906 play a leading role in inhibiting DUSPs, although several original herbal chemicals with carboxyl groups from the P and Z ingredients also make contributions to this inhibitory effect. It is not a surprise that the electrostatic interaction plays the dominant role in the ligand binding process, given the fact that several charged residues reside in the binding pockets of DUSPs. Our MD simulation results demonstrate that the sulfate moieties and carboxyl moieties of the advantageous ligands from YIV-906 can occupy the enzymes' catalytic sites, mimicking the endogenous phosphate substrates of DUSPs. As such, the ligand binding can inhibit the association of DUSPs and ERK1/2, which in turn reduces the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and causes cell cycle arrest in the tumor. Our modelling study provides useful insights into the rational design of highly potent anti-cancer drugs targeting DUSPs. Finally, we have demonstrated that multi-scale molecular modelling techniques are able to elucidate molecular mechanisms involving complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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15
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Tang L, Li X, Wan L, Xiao Y, Zeng X, Ding H. Herbal Medicines for Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 30983992 PMCID: PMC6450188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11), a water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, belongs to the class of DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors and has been approved worldwide for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and malignant lymphoma. Although CPT-11-based chemotherapy is widely used, severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, especially late-onset diarrhea, is a common adverse reaction, limiting clinical application of the drug. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 diarrhea is high, with 20-40% of CPT-11-treated patients experiencing this adverse effect. High-dose loperamide and octreotide are generally recommended for treatment of CPT-11-induced diarrhea. However, in clinical practice, loperamide is associated with a significant failure rate and the beneficial effects of octreotide are controversial. An accumulating number of recent studies have suggested that medicinal herbs and their derived phytocompounds may be effective complementary treatments for CPT-11-induced diarrhea. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize currently available literatures regarding the formulae and herbs/natural products used as adjuvants in animal and clinical studies for the treatment of diarrhea caused by CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increasing interest in using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to treat cancer. It is therefore relevant and timely to determine if CAM biomarkers can be identified and developed to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we review the status of cancer biomarkers in CAM research and treatment to stimulate further research in this area. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on promising anti-cancer natural products, such as PHY906, honokiol, bryostatin-1, and sulforaphane have demonstrated the existence of potential cancer biomarker(s). Additional studies are required to further develop and ultimately validate these biomarkers that can predict clinical activity of the anti-cancer natural products used alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. A systematic approach is needed to identify and develop CAM treatment associated biomarkers and to define their role in facilitating clinical decision-making. The expectation is to use these biomarkers in determining potential options for CAM treatment, examining treatment effects and toxicity and/or clinical efficacy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ganguly
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm. 4-W438, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - David Frank
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nagi Kumar
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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17
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Siddiqui NS, Godara A, Byrne MM, Saif MW. Capecitabine for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:399-409. [PMID: 30649964 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1560422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) which is converted to 5FU by a series of reactions catalyzed by different enzymes, the last of the enzymes being thymidine phosphorylase (TP). TP is found to be elevated in tumor cells in comparison to normal cells, which consequently tumor-localizes the production of 5-FU, thereby limiting its systemic toxicity. Today, capecitabine is extensively used for the treatment of many solid malignancies, with a particular focus in breast and gastrointestinal tumors, but also in pancreatic cancer. Areas covered: This review summarizes the pharmacology and the clinical evidence relevant to the use of capecitabine in the treatment of pancreas cancer. The authors provide, furthermore, provide their expert perspectives on its use. Expert opinion: Capecitabine has the advantage over other therapeutics in so much that it has both convenient oral administration and a favorable toxicity profile. Current data has promised the use of capecitabine in all stages of pancreatic cancer. However, predictive markers for outcome and toxicity remain to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman S Siddiqui
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Amandeep Godara
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Margaret M Byrne
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Northwell Health Cancer Institute , New York , NY , USA
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18
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Lam W, Ren Y, Guan F, Jiang Z, Cheng W, Xu CH, Liu SH, Cheng YC. Mechanism Based Quality Control (MBQC) of Herbal Products: A Case Study YIV-906 (PHY906). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1324. [PMID: 30510512 PMCID: PMC6252377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
YIV-906 (PHY906), a four-herb Chinese medicine formulation, is inspired by an 1800 year-old Chinese formulation called Huang Qin Tang which is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In animal studies, it could enhance anti-tumor activity of different classes of anticancer agents and promote faster recovery of the damaged intestines following irinotecan or radiation treatment. Several clinical studies have shown that YIV-906 had the potential to increase the therapeutic index of cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation) by prolonging life and improving patient quality of life. Results of animal studies demonstrated five clinical batches of YIV-906 had very similar in vivo activities (protection of body weight loss induced by CPT11 and enhancement of anti-tumor activity of CPT11) while four batches of commercial–made Huang Qin Tang, HQT had no or lower in vivo activities. Two quality control platforms were used to correlate the biological activity between YIV906 and HQT. Chemical profiles (using analysis of 77 peaks intensities) obtained from LC-MS could not be used to differentiate YIV-906 from commercial Huang Qin Tang. A mechanism based quality control (MBQC) platform, comprising 18 luciferase reporter cell lines and two enzymatic assays based on the mechanism action of YIV-906, could be used to differentiate YIV-906 from commercial Huang Qin Tang. Results of MBQC could be matched to their in vivo activities on irinotecan. In conclusion, the quality control of an herbal product should be dependent on its pharmacological usage. For its specific usage appropriate biological assays based on its mechanism action should be developed for QC. Chemical fingerprints comparison approach has limitations unless irrelevant chemicals have been filtered out. Additionally, using a similarity index is only useful when relevant information is used. A MBQC platform should also be applied on other herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yongshen Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fulan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zaoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - William Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chang-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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19
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Lu L, Zhao Z, Liu L, Gong W, Dong J. Combination of baicalein and docetaxel additively inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vivo. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900018500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the combination of baicalein and docetaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo. Methods: The subcutaneous model was established by inoculation of A549 cells, and then these tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned to eight groups to receive normal saline (NS) as control, baicalein alone, Taxotere[Formula: see text] (docetaxel injection) alone or the combination of baicalein and Taxotere[Formula: see text]. The effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by [Formula: see text] value. Tumors were harvested for TUNEL and CD31 immunohistochemical staining and important organs for H&E staining. Results: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg significantly reduced tumor weight and inhibited the growth rate of tumor, displaying the additive effect indicated by the [Formula: see text] value. Increased apoptosis and decreased tumor angiogenesis also provided pathological evidence. Additionally, baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg did not increase toxicity in lung, liver and kidney. Conclusion: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg additively inhibits the growth of NSCLC in vivo, and the mechanism underlying remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lumei Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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20
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So HM, Eom HJ, Lee D, Kim S, Kang KS, Lee IK, Baek KH, Park JY, Kim KH. Bioactivity evaluations of betulin identified from the bark of Betula platyphylla var. japonica for cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:815-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Salehi B, Zucca P, Sharifi-Rad M, Pezzani R, Rajabi S, Setzer WN, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Kobarfard F, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytotherapeutics in cancer invasion and metastasis. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1425-1449. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology; Zabol University of Medical Sciences; Zabol 61663-335 Iran
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- OU Endocrinology, Dept. Medicine (DIMED); University of Padova; via Ospedale 105 Padova 35128 Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base; Padova Italy
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville AL 35899 USA
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences; Milan State University; Milan Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Milan State University; Milan Italy
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex; The University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
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22
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Dai XM, Cui DN, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu FG. Systems Pharmacology Based Strategy for Q-Markers Discovery of HuangQin Decoction to Attenuate Intestinal Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:236. [PMID: 29615909 PMCID: PMC5870050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is lagged far behind the space of progress in modernization and globalization. Thus the concept of quality marker (Q-marker) was proposed recently to guide the quality investigations of TCM. However, how to discover and validate the Q-marker is still a challenge. In this paper, a system pharmacology based strategy was proposed to discover Q-marker of HuangQin decoction (HQD) to attenuate Intestinal Damage. Using this strategy, nine measurable compounds including paeoniflorin, baicalin, scutellarein, liquiritigenin, norwogonin, baicalein, glycyrrhizic acid, wogonin, and oroxylin A were screened out as potential markers. Standard references of these nine compounds were pooled together as components combination according to their corresponding concentration in HQD. The bioactive equivalence between components combination and HQD was validated using wound healing test and inflammatory factor determination experiment. The comprehensive results indicated that components combination is almost bioactive equivalent to HQD and could serve as the Q-markers. In conclusion, our study put forward a promising strategy for Q-markers discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ni Cui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Bonucci M, Pastore C, Ferrera V, Fiorentini C, Fabbri A. Integrated Cancer Treatment in the Course of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Complete Resolution in 2 Cases. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:994-999. [PMID: 29478350 PMCID: PMC6142071 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418755479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very low average survival, but its prognosis is
further reduced in the case of metastatic spread. Medical therapy in these cases
is the only applicable methodology in the international guidelines. During
anticancer treatments, common side effects are nausea, vomiting, arthralgia,
neuropathy, and alopecia as well as a myelosuppressive effect. The toxicity of
various drugs not only affects the quality of life of the patient, but often its
severity requires a reduction in if not the termination of drug administration.
Scientific studies have shown that a combined use of chemotherapy and certain
natural substances, in the form of standardized extracts, can lead to an
enhancement of the action of the chemotherapy. Here, we describe 2 cases of
metastatic PC. The first case concerns the integrated treatment of a patient
with cancer of the pancreas tail with metastatic involvement ab initio of
peripancreatic lymph nodes and liver parenchyma, with numerous secondary lesions
greater than 9.5 cm. The second case concerns the integrated treatment of a
patient with cancer of the pancreatic body with metastatic involvement of the
liver parenchyma, with a small secondary lesion. In both cases, an integrated
cancer treatment approach, combining chemotherapy with natural remedies,
extracts, and hyperthermia, induced a notable remission of primary and
metastatic lesions.
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24
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Liu H, Liu H, Zhou Z, Parise RA, Chu E, Schmitz JC. Herbal formula Huang Qin Ge Gen Tang enhances 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity through modulation of the E2F1/TS pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:7. [PMID: 29458395 PMCID: PMC5819251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the most widely used agent to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical efficacy is currently limited by the development of drug resistance. Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCM) has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents. However, there are only a limited number of well-controlled preclinical and clinical studies documenting the potential benefit of TCM. Herein, we screened a series of TCM formulas in in vitro and in vivo animal models to identify biologically active formulas that were effective against CRC. METHODS Cell proliferation and clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis, immunoblot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of the most active formula Huang-Qin-Ge-Gen-Tang (HQGGT) on growth of human CRC cells. In vivo animal models were used to document the antitumor activity of HQGGT alone and HQGGT in combination with 5-FU. RESULTS We identified HQGGT, which suppressed the in vivo growth of human colon cancer HT-29 xenografts without associated toxicities. HQGGT displayed anti-proliferative activity against a wide range of CRC cell lines. This growth suppression correlated with induction of apoptosis. HQGGT enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU against human 5-FU-resistant cells (H630R1) and mouse colon cancer cells (MC38). Our studies showed that the mechanism of action of this synergism was the result of suppression of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression by HQGGT. We analyzed different batches of HQGGT and observed consistent chemical fingerprints and biological activity. Finally, we show that orally administered HQGGT significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of 5-FU in mice bearing MC38 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for the potential role of HQGGT as a novel modulator of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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25
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Yu J, Wang C, Kong Q, Wu X, Lu JJ, Chen X. Recent progress in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and protective potential of natural products. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:125-139. [PMID: 29496165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an anthracycline antibiotic, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various types of solid tumors. Unfortunately, clinical application of this drug results in severe side effects of cardiotoxicity. PURPOSE We aim to review the research focused on elimination or reduction of DOX cardiotoxicity without affecting its anticancer efficacy by natural products. METHODS This study is based on pertinent papers that were retrieved by a selective search using relevant keywords in PubMed and ScienceDirect. The literature mainly focusing on natural products and herb extracts with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models both in vitro and in vivo was identified. RESULTS Current evidence revealed that multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress, iron metabolism, and inflammation, are associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Based on these knowledge, various strategies were proposed, and thousands of compounds were screened. A number of natural products and herb extracts demonstrated potency in limiting DOX cardiotoxicity toward cultured cells and experimental animal models. CONCLUSIONS Though a panel of natural products and herb extracts demonstrate protective effects on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in cells and animal models, their therapeutic potentials for clinical needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Changxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Qi Kong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China.
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26
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Prophetic medicine as potential functional food elements in the intervention of cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:614-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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27
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Zhang Y, Liang Y, He C. Anticancer activities and mechanisms of heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2017; 12:20. [PMID: 28702078 PMCID: PMC5506596 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, pathogenic heat and toxins, which are akin to the inflammatory factors, are the causes of cancer and could promote its virulent development. Therefore, heat-clearing and detoxicating (HCD) herbs are essential components of TCM formulas for cancer treatment. An increasing interest has been focused on the study of HCD herbs and accumulated evidences have shown that HCD herbs or HCD herbs-based formulas exhibited remarkable anticancer effects when used alone or combined with other therapeutic approaches. Some of the HCD herb-derived products have been tested in clinical trials. Studies revealed that extracts or pure compounds of the HCD herbs showed a broad anticancer spectrum against both solid and hematologic malignancies without significant toxic effects. Notably, some HCD herbs or formulas could strongly enhance the anticancer activities of chemo- or radio-therapy and alleviate their side effects. The anticancer activities of HCD herb exacts or the pure compounds were reported to be through multiple cellular or molecular mechanisms, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, differentiation and cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we provide comprehensive analysis and summary of research progress and future prospects in this field to facilitate the further study and application of HCD herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22-7038, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Yeer Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22-7038, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22-7038, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, 999078 China
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28
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Wang X, Cui DN, Dai XM, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu FG. HuangQin Decoction Attenuates CPT-11-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity by Regulating Bile Acids Metabolism Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:156. [PMID: 28424615 PMCID: PMC5371663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent, however, its clinical usage is often limited by the induction of severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, especially late-onset diarrhea. HuangQin Decoction (HQD), commonly used for the treatment of GI ailments, has been proved could significantly ameliorate the intestinal toxicity of CPT-11. To reveal the mechanisms of CPT-11-induced toxicity and the modulation effects of HQD, a previous untargeted metabolomics study was performed and the results indicated that HQD may protect the GI tract by altering the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Nevertheless, the untargeted assays are often less sensitive and/or efficient. In order to further confirm our previous findings, here in this paper, serum and tissues metabolic profiles of 17 BAs were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based targeted metabolomics. The results indicated that serum and tissues levels of most BAs were significantly decreased after CPT-11 administration, except some hydrophobic BAs. Co-treatment with HQD could markedly attenuate CPT-11-induced GI toxicity and reverse the alterations of hydrophobic BAs. Despite the fact that the BAs pool size remained unchanged, the balance of BAs had shifted leading to decreased toxicity after HQD treatment. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the precise interaction between HQD, CPT-11-induced intestinal toxicity and BAs’ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ni Cui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education (MOE), China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
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29
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Liu YH, Weng YP, Lin HY, Tang SW, Chen CJ, Liang CJ, Ku CY, Lin JY. Aqueous extract of Polygonum bistorta modulates proteostasis by ROS-induced ER stress in human hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41437. [PMID: 28134285 PMCID: PMC5278379 DOI: 10.1038/srep41437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading cause of cancer mortality with limited therapeutic targets. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining proteostasis in normal cells. However, alterations in proteostasis are often found in cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapy. Polygonum bistorta is used in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its anticancer activities, but the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Using hepatoma cells as a model system, this study demonstrated that P. bistorta aqueous extract (PB) stimulated ER stress by increasing autophagosomes but by blocking degradation, followed by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cell apoptosis. In addition, an autophagy inhibitor did not enhance ubiquitinated protein accumulation whereas a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger diminished both ubiquitinated protein accumulation and ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, suggesting that ROS generation by PB may be upstream of PB-triggered cell death. Nevertheless, PB-exerted proteostasis impairment resulted in cytoskeletal changes, impairment of cell adhesion and motility, and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Oral administration of PB delayed tumour growth in a xenograft model without significant body weight loss. These findings indicate that PB may be a potential new alternative or complementary medicine for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Ku
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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30
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Natural Products as Adjunctive Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8412508. [PMID: 28232946 PMCID: PMC5292383 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8412508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a type of common malignant tumors with high occurrence in the world. Most patients presented in clinic had pancreatic cancer at advanced stages. Furthermore, chemotherapy or radiotherapy had very limited success in treating pancreatic cancer. Complementary and alternative medicines, such as natural products/herbal medicines, represent exciting adjunctive therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of using natural products/herbal medicines, such as Chinese herbal medicine, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to treat pancreatic cancer in preclinical and clinical trials.
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31
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Sze DMY, Xue CC, Zhang AL. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with traditional medicines for neutropenia in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of the contributions of specific plants. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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32
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Yen HR, Lai WY, Muo CH, Sun MF. Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Use in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Nationwide, Retrospective, Taiwanese-Registry, Population-Based Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:147-155. [PMID: 27405933 PMCID: PMC5739125 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416659357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale surveys of complementary traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use in pediatric cancer patients are lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate the use of TCM in pediatric cancer patients. METHODS We analyzed cancer patients younger than 18 years (n = 12 965) who were registered in the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 2001 and 2011. Patients were categorized into TCM or non-TCM users based on their use of TCM. RESULTS In Taiwan, 8086 (62.4%) children with cancer sought TCM treatment at some point. Children in older age groups, including school-aged children and adolescents, were more likely to use TCM. There was no significant difference in the distributions of gender and urbanization. The 3 most common diseases for which TCM users visited the clinic were neoplasm (33.2%), respiratory system disease (32.9%), and infectious disease (8.86%). The most commonly utilized TCM therapy was Chinese herbal remedies. Patients who had comorbid conditions such as allergic rhinitis, dyspepsia, disorders of menstruation, and disease of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue tended to visit TCM clinics. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive TCM use is not low in Taiwanese children with cancer. Further studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of TCM in children with cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Rong Yen
- 1 Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lai
- 1 Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- 3 Health Data Management Office, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- 1 Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Farmani F, Moein M, Amanzadeh A, Kandelous HM, Ehsanpour Z, Salimi M. Antiproliferative Evaluation and Apoptosis Induction in MCF-7 Cells by Ziziphus spina christi Leaf Extracts. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:315-21. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Eickhoff A, Schulze J. Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2016. [PMID: 25914456 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providing effective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in PubMed and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmatic modern medicine by bridging the gap between the two medicinal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Albrecht Wolff
- Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Christian Frenzel
- Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Axel Eickhoff
- Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
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35
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Li B, Gan R, Yang Q, Huang J, Chen P, Wan L, Guo C. Chinese Herbal Medicines as an Adjunctive Therapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:350730. [PMID: 26681966 PMCID: PMC4670883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignancy with a high mortality. Most patients present clinically with advanced pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy is limited. Complementary and alternative medicines represent exciting adjunctive therapies. In this study, we ascertained the beneficial and adverse effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in combination with conventional therapy for inoperable pancreatic cancer by using meta-analysis methods for controlled clinical trials. We extracted data for studies searched from six electronic databases that were searched and also assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We evaluated the following outcome measures: 6-month and 1-year survival rate, objective response rate, disease control rate, quality of life, and adverse effects. The final analysis showed CHM is a promising strategy as an adjunctive therapy to treat advanced or inoperable pancreatic cancer and that CHM in combination with conventional therapy is a promising strategy for resistant disease. However, convincing evidence must be obtained and confirmed by high-quality trials in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 11700, China
- Postgraduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Run Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Postgraduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinlu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Pengguo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Postgraduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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36
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Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Eickhoff A, Schulze J. Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4466-4490. [PMID: 25914456 PMCID: PMC4402294 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providing effective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in PubMed and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmatic modern medicine by bridging the gap between the two medicinal cultures.
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37
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Lam W, Jiang Z, Guan F, Huang X, Hu R, Wang J, Bussom S, Liu SH, Zhao H, Yen Y, Cheng YC. PHY906(KD018), an adjuvant based on a 1800-year-old Chinese medicine, enhanced the anti-tumor activity of Sorafenib by changing the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9384. [PMID: 25819872 PMCID: PMC4377583 DOI: 10.1038/srep09384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PHY906 (KD018) is a four-herb Chinese Medicine Formula. It has been shown to potentially enhance the therapeutic indices of different class anticancer agents in vivo. Here, PHY906 is reported to enhance the anti-tumor activity of Sorafenib in nude mice bearing HepG2 xenografts. Among the four herbal ingredients of PHY906, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (P) are required; however, S plays a more important role than P in increasing tumor apoptosis induced by Sorafenib with an increase of mouse(m)FasL and human(h)FasR expression. PHY906 may potentiate Sorafenib action by increasing hMCP1 expression and enhancing infiltration of macrophages into tumors with a higher M1/M2 (tumor rejection) signature expression pattern, as well as affect autophagy by increasing AMPKα-P and ULK1-S555-P of tumors. Depletion of macrophage could counteract PHY906 to potentiate the anti-tumor activity of Sorafenib. It was reported that tumor cells with higher levels of ERK1/2-P are more susceptible to Sorafenib, and the S component of PHY906 may increase ERK1/2-P via inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphatase in HepG2 tumors. PHY906 may potentiate the anti-hepatoma activity of Sorafenib by multiple mechanisms targeting on the inflammatory state of microenvironment of tumor tissue through two major ingredients (P and S) of PHY906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Zaoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Fulan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Xiu Huang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Scott Bussom
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology. City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Chen P, Zhou X, Zhang L, Shan M, Bao B, Cao Y, Kang A, Ding A. Anti-inflammatory effects of Huangqin tang extract in mice on ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:207-214. [PMID: 25576893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE HuangqinTang (HQT) is a traditional Chinese formula which is composed of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and Ziziphus jujube Mill. HQT has been used in China for a wide range of disorders, especially in gastrointestinal inflammation with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and so on. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effects of HQT extract on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses of HQT extract (1, 2 and 4 g/kg/day) and salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP, 500 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 7 days after the induction of colitis with TNBS. The effects were studied by macroscopic score, histological analysis, immunohistochemical study of Cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein expression, as well as by determination of inflammation markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. RESULTS In TNBS induced group, mice body weight decreased gradually and did not recover at the end of the experiment, as compared with that of control group (p<0.01). Edema and redness were also discovered in the colons profoundly and scores representing inflammation were all high in this group (p<0.01). The level of colonic MPO activity and the tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly increased (p<0.01). The mice treated with HQT extract and SASP recovered significantly compared with the TNBS group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the efficacy of HQT extract, especially at the higher dose, was analogous to that of SASP, which implicated its potential application as a natural alternative medicine in colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - An Kang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
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Liu SH, Chuang WC, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC. Safety surveillance of traditional Chinese medicine: current and future. Drug Saf 2015; 38:117-28. [PMID: 25647717 PMCID: PMC4348117 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-014-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the prevention, treatment, and cure of disorders or diseases for centuries. In addition to being used directly as therapeutic agents, medicinal plants are also important sources for pharmacological drug research and development. With the increasing consumption of herbal products intended to promote better health, it is extremely important to assure the safety and quality of herbal preparations. However, under current regulation surveillance, herbal preparations may not meet expectations in safety, quality, and efficacy. The challenge is how to assure the safety and quality of herbal products for consumers. It is the responsibility of producers to minimize hazardous contamination and additives during cultivation, harvesting, handling, processing, storage, and distribution. This article reviews the current safety obstacles that have been involved in traditional Chinese herbal medicine preparations with examples of popular herbs. Approaches to improve the safety of traditional Chinese medicine are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Huey Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wu-Chang Chuang
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zaoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Li L, Leung PS. Use of herbal medicines and natural products: an alternative approach to overcoming the apoptotic resistance of pancreatic cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:224-36. [PMID: 24875648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of <5%. It does not respond well to either chemotherapy or radiotherapy, due partly to apoptotic resistance (AR) of the cancer cells. AR has been attributed to certain genetic abnormalities or defects in apoptotic signaling pathways. In pancreatic cancer, significant mutations of K-ras and p53, constitutive activation of NFκB, over-expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp90, Hsp70), histone deacetylase (HDACs) and the activities of other proteins (COX-2, Nrf2 and bcl-2 family members) are closely linked with resistance to apoptosis and invasion. AR has also been associated with aberrant signaling of MAPK, PI3K-AKT, JAK/STAT, SHH, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Strategies targeting these signaling molecules and pathways provide an alternative for overcoming AR in pancreatic cancer. The use of herbal medicines or natural products (HM/NPs) alone or in combination with conventional anti-cancer agents has been shown to produce beneficial effects through actions upon multiple molecular pathways involved in AR. The current standard first-line chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer are gemcitabine (Gem) or Gem-containing combinations; however, the efficacy is dissatisfied and this limitation is largely attributed to AR. Meanwhile, emerging data have pointed to a combination of HM/NPs that may augment the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to Gem. Greater understanding of how these compounds affect the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis may propel development of HM/NPs as anti-cancer agents and/or adjuvant therapies forward. In this review, we give a critical appraisal of the use of HM/NPs alone and in combination with anti-cancer drugs. We also discuss the potential regulatory mechanisms whereby AR is involved in these protective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CCL, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:976-91. [PMID: 24343974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the clinical evidence for the addition of herbal medicines (HMs) to FOLFOX 4 for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) in terms of tumor response rate (tRR), survival, quality of life and reduction in adverse events (AEs). Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOLFOX4 combined with HMs compared to FOLFOX4 alone. Outcome data for 13 randomized controlled trials were analysed using Review Manager 5.1. Risk of bias for objective outcomes including tumor response and survival was judged as low. Publication bias was not evident. Meta-analyses found the addition of HMs improved tRR (RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06-1.47, I(2) = 0%), one year survival (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.19-1.90, I(2) = 0%) and quality of life in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) gained (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.54-2.19, I(2) = 0%); alleviated grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy-related AEs for neutropenia (RR 0.33, 95%CI 0.18-0.60, I(2) = 0%), nausea and vomiting (RR 0.34, 95%CI 0.17-0.67, I(2) = 0%) and neurotoxicity (RR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00, I(2) = 0%), compared to FOLFOX4 alone. The most frequently used herbs were Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Coix lachryma-jobi and Sophora flavescens. In experimental studies, each of these herbs has shown actions that could have contributed to improved tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Chen
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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First-in-human phase II trial of the botanical formulation PHY906 with capecitabine as second-line therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 73:373-80. [PMID: 24297682 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies showed a Chinese botanical formula, PHY906, has synergistic anti-tumor activity with capecitabine. Our phase I study determined maximal tolerated dose of capecitabine 1,500 mg/m(2) BID day 1-7 and PHY906 800 mg BID day 1-4 every 2 weeks. We conducted this phase II study to explore the efficacy of capecitabine and PHY906 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who were previously treated with gemcitabine-based regimens. METHODS Patients with pancreatic cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 received PHY906 and capecitabine. Toxicity was assessed per NCI-CTCAE v3.0 and response per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors q 6 weeks. Correlative studies of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were tested using a cytometric bead array. Quality of life was assessed by utilizing Edmonton symptom assessment system. The primary objective was overall survival. RESULTS The study enrolled 25 patients. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 10.1 weeks (range 0.4-54.1) and median overall survival (mOS) was 21.6 weeks (range 0.4-84.1). Eighteen patients received at least 2 cycles, and achieved mPFS of 12.3 weeks and mOS of 28 weeks. Six-month survival rate was 44 % (11/25). Unsupervised clustering of patients grouped those with shortened survival together by their cytokine profile showed that only IL-6 had a significant difference (p < .001) between short- and long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS Capecitabine plus PHY906 provides a safe and feasible salvage therapy after gemcitabine failure for APC. Role of IL-6 in tumor progression and tumor cachexia needs to be investigated with respect to its relation to pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer and development of anti-IL-6 therapeutics.
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Kavandi L, Lee LR, Bokhari AA, Pirog JE, Jiang Y, Ahmad KA, Syed V. The Chinese herbsScutellaria baicalensisandFritillaria cirrhosatarget NFκB to inhibit proliferation of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:368-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Kavandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Laura R. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Amber A. Bokhari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda Maryland
| | - John E. Pirog
- Department of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine; Northwestern Health Sciences University; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Yongping Jiang
- Department of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine; Northwestern Health Sciences University; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Kashif A. Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences; Northwestern Health Sciences University; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda Maryland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda Maryland
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Naik SR, Bhagat S, Shah PD, Tare AA, Ingawale D, Wadekar RR. Evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic activity of ethanolic extract of Zizyphus jujuba fruits in rodents. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Therapeutic applications of herbal medicines for cancer patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:302426. [PMID: 23956768 PMCID: PMC3727181 DOI: 10.1155/2013/302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and their derivative phytocompounds are being increasingly recognized as useful complementary treatments for cancer. A large volume of clinical studies have reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on the survival, immune modulation, and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients, when these herbal medicines are used in combination with conventional therapeutics. Here, we briefly review some examples of clinical studies that investigated the use of herbal medicines for various cancers and the development of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this emerging research area. In addition, we also report recent studies on the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of herbal medicines in specific tumor microenvironments and the potential application of specific phytochemicals in cell-based cancer vaccine systems. This review should provide useful technological support for evidence-based application of herbal medicines in cancer therapy.
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Che CT, Wang ZJ, Chow MSS, Lam CWK. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules 2013. [PMID: 23644978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055125.pmid:23644978;pmcid:pmc6269890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herb-herb combinations have been used in Chinese medicine practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking. With increasing interest in shifting from the one-drug-one-target paradigm to combination therapy or polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases, there is momentum to explore new knowledge by tapping the past empirical experiences of herb-herb combinations. This review presents an overview of the traditional concept and practice of herb-herb combination in Chinese medicine, and highlights the available scientific and clinical evidence to support the combined use of herbs. It is hoped that such information would provide a lead for developing new approaches for future therapeutic advancement and pharmaceutical product development. Very likely modern technologies combined with innovative research for the quality control of herbal products, identification of active components and understanding of the molecular mechanism, followed by well-designed animal and clinical studies would pave the way in advancing the wealth of empirical knowledge from herb-herb combination to new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Che CT, Wang ZJ, Chow MSS, Lam CWK. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules 2013; 18:5125-41. [PMID: 23644978 PMCID: PMC6269890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herb-herb combinations have been used in Chinese medicine practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking. With increasing interest in shifting from the one-drug-one-target paradigm to combination therapy or polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases, there is momentum to explore new knowledge by tapping the past empirical experiences of herb-herb combinations. This review presents an overview of the traditional concept and practice of herb-herb combination in Chinese medicine, and highlights the available scientific and clinical evidence to support the combined use of herbs. It is hoped that such information would provide a lead for developing new approaches for future therapeutic advancement and pharmaceutical product development. Very likely modern technologies combined with innovative research for the quality control of herbal products, identification of active components and understanding of the molecular mechanism, followed by well-designed animal and clinical studies would pave the way in advancing the wealth of empirical knowledge from herb-herb combination to new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Rockwell S, Grove TA, Liu Y, Cheng YC, Higgins SA, Booth CJ. Preclinical studies of the Chinese Herbal Medicine formulation PHY906 (KD018) as a potential adjunct to radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:16-25. [PMID: 22856538 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.717733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy is limited by the radiosensitivity of the small and large intestine. PHY906 (KD018), a state-of-the-art, well defined adaptation of a traditional Chinese medicine, decreased intestinal injury from chemotherapy in preclinical studies and is in clinical trials with chemotherapy. This project assessed whether PHY906 would also reduce intestinal injury from abdominal irradiation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice received whole-abdomen irradiation (2 Gy/day) ± PHY906 by oral gavage twice daily for 4 days. Intestinal injury was assayed by physiological observations and histological studies. Effects of PHY906 on EMT6 mouse mammary tumors were assayed in tumor growth studies. RESULTS PHY906 decreased toxicity from fractionated abdominal irradiation. Radiation alone produced marked blunting and loss of villi, crypt hyperplasia and irregular crypt morphology, which were reduced by PHY906. The radiation-induced reduction in viable crypt numbers was also mitigated by PHY906. PHY906 did not alter radiation-induced weight loss, but resulted in more rapid recovery. PHY906 did not alter tumor growth, local invasion or metastatic spread and did not protect tumors from growth delays produced by single-dose or fractionated irradiation. CONCLUSION In this mouse model, PHY906 (KD018) decreased the toxicity of abdominal irradiation without protecting tumors and thereby increased the therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rockwell
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA.
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Wen CC, Chen HM, Yang NS. Developing Phytocompounds from Medicinal Plants as Immunomodulators. ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH 2012; 62:197-272. [PMID: 32300254 PMCID: PMC7150268 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394591-4.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance or malfunction of the immune systems is associated with a range of chronic diseases including autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and others. Various innate and adaptive immune cells that are integrated in this complex networking system may represent promising targets for developing immunotherapeutics for treating specific immune diseases. A spectrum of phytochemicals have been isolated, characterized and modified for development and use as prevention or treatment of human diseases. Many cytotoxic drugs and antibiotics have been developed from phytocompounds, but the application of traditional or new medicinal plants for use as immunomodulators in treating immune diseases is still relatively limited. In this review, a selected group of medicinal herbs, their derived crude or fractionated phytoextracts and the specific phytochemicals/phytocompounds isolated from them, as well as categorized phytocompound groups with specific chemical structures are discussed in terms of their immunomodulatory bioactivities. We also assess their potential for future development as immunomodulatory or inflammation-regulatory therapeutics or agents. New experimental approaches for evaluating the immunomodulatory activities of candidate phytomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Wen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu SH, Cheng YC. Old formula, new Rx: the journey of PHY906 as cancer adjuvant therapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:614-623. [PMID: 22326673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE PHY906, is a decoction of a mixture of the four herbs Scutellaria baicalensis Geori, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. A combination of these four herbs has been in continuous use in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1800 years for treating a variety of gastrointestinal distress such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting etc. AIM OF THE STUDY Preclinical and clinical studies to find PHY906 enhances the therapeutic indices of a broad spectrum of anticancer agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using various mouse tumor xenograft and allograft models, PHY906 has been shown to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of a variety of anticancer agents in various cancers. The PHY906 clinical program consists of five trials in three different types of cancers in both the United States and Taiwan. To date, approximately 150 subjects have received PHY906 in combination with chemotherapy in these five clinical studies. RESULTS Preclinical studies have shown that PHY906 enhances the therapeutic indices of a broad spectrum of anticancer agents. These findings have been examined in clinical studies for colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers when PHY906 is used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy and the results were promising; i.e. PHY906 could reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicities and/or increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, PHY906 did not affect the pharmacokinetics of the chemotherapeutic agents used. Some information has been obtained regarding the mechanism of action of PHY906 in preclinical studies. A comprehensive platform, PhytomicsQC that integrates chemical and biological fingerprints together with a novel biostatistical methodology has been developed to assess the quality of different batches of PHY906. CONCLUSIONS Over a ten-year period, the multiplex technology "PhytomicsQC" has been used to show batch-to-batch consistency of PHY906 production. Advanced clinical trials are ongoing to demonstrate the effectiveness of PHY906 as adjuvant therapy for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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