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Moussa AY. Endophytes: a uniquely tailored source of potential antibiotic adjuvants. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:207. [PMID: 38581477 PMCID: PMC10998792 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug microbial resistance is risking an annual loss of more than 10 million people' lives by 2050. Solutions include the rational use of antibiotics and the use of drugs that reduce resistance or completely obliterate them. Here endophytes come to play due to their high-yield production and inherent nature to produce antimicrobial molecules. Around 40%, 45% and 17% of antibacterial agents were obtained from fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria, respectively, whose secondary metabolites revealed effectiveness against resistant microbes such as MRSA, MRSE, and Shigella flexneri. Endophyte's role was not confined to bactericidal effect but extended to other mechanisms against MDR microbes, among which was the adjuvant role or the "magic bullets". Scarce focus was given to antibiotic adjuvants, and many laboratories today just screen for the antimicrobial activity without considering combinations with traditional antibiotics, which means real loss of promising resistance combating molecules. While some examples of synthetic adjuvants were introduced in the last decade, the number is still far from covering the disused antibiotics and restoring them back to clinical use. The data compiled in this article demonstrated the significance of quorum sensing as a foreseen mechanism for adjuvants from endophytes secondary metabolites, which call for urgent in-depth studies of their molecular mechanisms. This review, comprehensively and for the first time, sheds light on the significance of endophytes secondary metabolites in solving AMR problem as AB adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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2
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Sousa AM, Ferreira D, Rodrigues LR, Pereira MO. Aptamer-based therapy for fighting biofilm-associated infections. J Control Release 2024; 367:522-539. [PMID: 38295992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are key players in the pathogenesis of most of chronic infections associated with host tissue or fluids and indwelling medical devices. These chronic infections are hard to be treated due to the increased biofilms tolerance towards antibiotics in comparison to planktonic (or free living) cells. Despite the advanced understanding of their formation and physiology, biofilms continue to be a challenge and there is no standardized therapeutic approach in clinical practice to eradicate them. Aptamers offer distinctive properties, including excellent affinity, selectivity, stability, making them valuable tools for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the flexibility and designability of aptamers as antibiofilm drugs but, importantly, as targeting tools for diverse drug and delivery systems. It highlights specific examples of application of aptamers in biofilms of diverse species according to different modes of action including inhibition of motility and adhesion, blocking of quorum sensing molecules, and dispersal of biofilm-cells to planktonic state. Moreover, it discusses the limitations and challenges that impaired an increased success of the use of aptamers on biofilm management, as well as the opportunities related to aptamers modifications that can significantly expand their applicability on the biofilm field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Sousa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lígia Raquel Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Chu Y, Yuan Q, Jiang H, Wu L, Xie Y, Zhang X, Li L. A comprehensive review of the anticancer effects of decursin. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303412. [PMID: 38444945 PMCID: PMC10912667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a globally complex disease with a plethora of genetic, physiological, metabolic, and environmental variations. With the increasing resistance to current anticancer drugs, efforts have been made to develop effective cancer treatments. Currently, natural products are considered promising cancer therapeutic agents due to their potent anticancer activity and low intrinsic toxicity. Decursin, a coumarin analog mainly derived from the roots of the medicinal plant Angelica sinensis, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and especially anticancer activities. Existing studies indicate that decursin affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastasis. It also indirectly affects the immune microenvironment and can act as a potential anticancer agent. Decursin can exert synergistic antitumor effects when used in combination with a number of common clinical anticancer drugs, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity and reversing drug resistance in cancer cells, suggesting that decursin is a good drug combination. Second, decursin is also a promising lead compound, and compounds modifying its structure and formulation form also have good anticancer effects. In addition, decursin is not only a key ingredient in several natural herbs and dietary supplements but is also available through a biosynthetic pathway, with anticancer properties and a high degree of safety in cells, animals, and humans. Thus, it is evident that decursin is a promising natural compound, and its great potential for cancer prevention and treatment needs to be studied and explored in greater depth to support its move from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Sudarikov DV, Nikitina LE, Rollin P, Izmest’ev ES, Rubtsova SA. Monoterpene Thiols: Synthesis and Modifications for Obtaining Biologically Active Substances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15884. [PMID: 37958865 PMCID: PMC10649346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene thiols are one of the classes of natural flavors that impart the smell of citrus fruits, grape must and wine, black currants, and guava and are used as flavoring agents in the food and perfume industries. Synthetic monoterpene thiols have found an application in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries, derivatizing agents, and ligands for metal complex catalysis and organocatalysts. Since monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are a renewable source, there are emerging trends to use monoterpene thiols as monomers for producing new types of green polymers. Monoterpene thioderivatives are also known to possess antioxidant, anticoagulant, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. The current review covers methods for the synthesis of acyclic, mono-, and bicyclic monoterpene thiols, as well as some investigations related to their usage for the preparation of the compounds with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Sudarikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center”, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.S.I.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Liliya E. Nikitina
- General and Organic Chemistry Department, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov St., 420012 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), Université d’Orléans et the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Evgeniy S. Izmest’ev
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center”, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.S.I.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Svetlana A. Rubtsova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center”, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.S.I.); (S.A.R.)
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Merghni A, Belmamoun AR, Urcan AC, Bobiş O, Lassoued MA. 1,8-Cineol (Eucalyptol) Disrupts Membrane Integrity and Induces Oxidative Stress in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1388. [PMID: 37507929 PMCID: PMC10376866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the declining efficiency of traditional antimicrobials has generated severe concerns in recent years. Subsequently, more interest in other antimicrobial agents from natural resources draws more attention as an alternative to conventional medications. This study investigated the bactericidal mechanism of monoterpene 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol), a major compound of various essential oils, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial activity of 1,8-cineol was assessed by an MTT assay against clinical and reference MRSA strains. A cell membrane integrity test, followed by zeta potential (ZP) measurements, was performed to evaluate the disruption of the bacterial membrane integrity. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of this molecule on MRSA bacteria was investigated by monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD). Regarding the anti-staphylococcal effect, the obtained results revealed the antibacterial efficacy of 1,8-cineol wherein the minimum inhibitory concentrations were equal to 7.23 mg/mL. Furthermore, it enhanced membrane permeability, with a 5.36-fold increase in nucleic acid and protein leakage as compared with untreated strains, along with the alteration of surface charge (ZP) in MRSA cells. The tested compound caused an increase in ROS generation reaching 17,462 FU and MDA production, reaching 9.56 μM/mg protein, in treated bacterial cells, along with a decrease in oxidative stress enzymes activities. Our findings suggest that 1,8-cineol has the ability to damage the membrane integrity and induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress in MRSA cells, leading to its antagonistic effect against this pathogen and consequently aiding in the reversal of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Reda Belmamoun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Brito LL, Borges KRA, Silva GX, da Silva MACN, de Nazaré Silva Alves R, Teles AM, do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa M, Muniz Filho WE, de Barros Bezerra GF, do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento M. Effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. extract on Candida spp. biofilms. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:29-36. [PMID: 36746872 PMCID: PMC9944593 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM OF RESEARCH Candida spp. biofilms are complex microbial communities that have been associated with increasing resistance to clinically available antifungal drugs. Hence, novel pharmacological approaches with ability to inhibit biofilm formation have been investigated. AIM OF STUDY The aim was to analyze in vitro antifungal activity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí berry) extract on biofilm strains of Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis that were formed on abiotic surfaces. REMARKABLE METHODOLOGY Biofilms of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were grown in vitro. They were then treated with E. oleracea Mart. extract at different concentrations (7.8, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) for evaluation of both biofilm removal and anti-biofilm activity. REMARKABLE RESULTS All Candida species analyzed formed biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Yet, increased biofilm formation was displayed for C. tropicalis in comparison with the other two species. E. oleracea Mart. extract was shown to inhibit biofilm formation at all concentrations used when compared to no treatment (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY In the current study, the extract of E. oleracea Mart. demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis biofilms, regardless of the dose utilized. These results are important to evaluate a natural product as antifungal for Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lira Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Assunção Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Xavier Silva
- Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rita de Nazaré Silva Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mara Teles
- Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
- Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil.
- Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Increasing the Efficacy of Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus- Candida albicans Mixed Infections with Myrtenol. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121743. [PMID: 36551400 PMCID: PMC9774912 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by various nosocomial microorganisms affect worldwide both immunocompromised and relatively healthy persons. Bacteria and fungi have different tools to evade antimicrobials, such as hydrolysis damaging the drug, efflux systems, and the formation of biofilm that significantly complicates the treatment of the infection. Here, we show that myrtenol potentiates the antimicrobial and biofilm-preventing activity of conventional drugs against S. aureus and C. albicans mono- and dual-species cultures. In our study, the two optical isomers, (-)-myrtenol and (+)-myrtenol, have been tested as either antibacterials, antifungals, or enhancers of conventional drugs. (+)-Myrtenol demonstrated a synergistic effect with amikacin, fluconazole, and benzalkonium chloride on 64-81% of the clinical isolates of S. aureus and C. albicans, including MRSA and fluconazole-resistant fungi, while (-)-myrtenol increased the properties of amikacin and fluconazole to repress biofilm formation in half of the S. aureus and C. albicans isolates. Furthermore, myrtenol was able to potentiate benzalkonium chloride up to sixteen-fold against planktonic cells in an S. aureus-C. albicans mixed culture and repressed the adhesion of S. aureus. The mechanism of both (-)-myrtenol and (+)-myrtenol synergy with conventional drugs was apparently driven by membrane damage since the treatment with both terpenes led to a significant drop in membrane potential similar to the action of benzalkonium chloride. Thus, due to the low toxicity of myrtenol, it seems to be a promising agent to increase the efficiency of the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and be fungi of the genus Candida as well as mixed fungal-bacterial infections, including resistant strains.
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Ilchenko NO, Sudarikov DV, Rumyantcev RV, Baidamshina DR, Zakarova ND, Yahia MN, Kayumov AR, Kutchin AV, Rubtsova SA. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Sulfenimines Based on Pinane Hydroxythiols. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1548. [PMID: 36358203 PMCID: PMC9686613 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread presence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms challenges the development of novel chemotype antimicrobials, insensitive to microbial tools of resistance. To date, various monoterpenoids have been shown as potential antimicrobials. Among many classes of molecules with antimicrobial activity, terpenes and terpenoids are an attractive basis for the design of antimicrobials because of their low toxicity and availability for various modifications. In this work, we report on the synthesis of sulfenimines from chiral trifluoromethylated and non-fluorinated pinane-type thiols. Final compounds were obtained with yields of up to 81%. Among the 13 sulfenimines obtained, 3 compounds were able to repress the growth of both bacteria (S. aureus, both MSSA and MRSA; P. aeruginosa) and fungi (C. albicans) with an MIC of 8-32 µg/mL. Although compounds exhibited relatively high cytotoxicity (the therapeutic index of 3), their chemotype can be used as a starter point for the development of disinfectants and antiseptics for targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita O. Ilchenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Centre “Komi Scientific Centre”, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya St. 48, 167000 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Denis V. Sudarikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Centre “Komi Scientific Centre”, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya St. 48, 167000 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Roman V. Rumyantcev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Diana R. Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nargiza D. Zakarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Monyr Nait Yahia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Kutchin
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Centre “Komi Scientific Centre”, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya St. 48, 167000 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Rubtsova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Centre “Komi Scientific Centre”, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya St. 48, 167000 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
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Wang X, Wang X, Cai T, Qin Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Han B, Cao Y. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of intracellular concentration of fluconazole in Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007576. [PMID: 36274702 PMCID: PMC9581211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis is the fourth leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The combination therapy based on existing antifungal agents is well-established to overcome drug resistance and restore antifungal efficacy against drug-resistant strains. In this study, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify the intracellular fluconazole (FLC) content in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The cell lysates were prepared by lysing C. albicans cells with Precellys homogenizers and FLC was extracted with methylene chloride. The entire extraction approach was simple, precise and reliable. The extracts were separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (solvent A) and deionized water plus 0.1% formic acid. FLC and ketoconazole (KCZ, internal standard) were monitored in positive mode using electrospray ionization source. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions (precursor to product) were monitored for FLC m/z 307.1 → 238.2 and for the internal standard KCZ m/z 531.2 → 489.1. The linear for this method were in the range from 5.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy of the samples were relative standard deviations (RSD) < 1.0% for intra-day and RSD < 0.51% for inter-day. The overall recovery of FLC from samples was higher than 77.61%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied and validated in 36 clinical isolated strains. Taken together, we established a highly accurate, efficient, and reproducible method for quantifying the intracellular content of FLC in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang First People’s Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongkai Cai
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanying Jiang,
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Bing Han,
| | - Yongbing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yongbing Cao,
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Basavegowda N, Baek KH. Combination Strategies of Different Antimicrobials: An Efficient and Alternative Tool for Pathogen Inactivation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2219. [PMID: 36140320 PMCID: PMC9496525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality. Recently, several studies have focused on developing promising solutions to overcome these problems. This has led to the development of effective alternative methods of controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The use of antimicrobial agents in combination can produce synergistic effects if each drug invades a different target or signaling pathway with a different mechanism of action. Therefore, drug combinations can achieve a higher probability and selectivity of therapeutic responses than single drugs. In this systematic review, we discuss the combined effects of different antimicrobial agents, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and nanomaterials. Furthermore, we review their synergistic interactions and antimicrobial activities with the mechanism of action, toxicity, and future directions of different antimicrobial agents in combination. Upon combination at an optimum synergistic ratio, two or more drugs can have a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect at lower concentrations. Hence, using drug combinations could be a new, simple, and effective alternative to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and reduce susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Korea
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Perez N, Altube MJ, Barbosa LRS, Romero EL, Perez AP. Thymus vulgaris essential oil + tobramycin within nanostructured archaeolipid carriers: A new approach against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154179. [PMID: 35671606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the respiratory tract of patients with an excessive inflammatory context are difficult to eradicate. New medicines that simultaneously target biofilms and inflammation should be developed. HYPOTHESIS Co-delivery of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EOT) and tobramycin (TB) by nanostructured archaeolipids carriers (NAC) could support nebulization as well as improve EOT and TB antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibiofilm activity. METHODS NAC(EOT+TB) were prepared by loading EOT and TB in NAC having a compritol and miglyol core, covered with a shell of archaeolipids, extracted from the hyperhalophylic archaebacteria Halorubrum tebenquichense, and Tween 80. NAC(EOT+TB) were structurally characterized, including DSC thermograms, Raman spectra, TB release profile, EOT volatilization and in vitro antioxidant activity. In addition, stability upon nebulization, autoclaving and storage were assessed. The antibiofilm activity on P. aeruginosa PAO1 established biofilm of NAC(EOT+TB) and the cytotoxicity on human lung epithelial cells and macrophage were determined, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokines release on LPS stimulated cells. RESULTS NAC(EOT+TB) showed a size of 197 ± 16 nm with PdI of 0.3 ± 0.1 and ζ Potential of -38 ± 3 mV. Structural characterization suggested that EOT was trapped in the compritol-miglyol core and TB was distributed between the surface of nanoparticles and free in solution. NAC(EOT+TB) displayed a dual release profile of TB, a delayed release of EOT and improved EOTs in vitro antioxidant activity. While NAC(EOT+TB) preserved its structural features after nebulization, autoclaving and 18 months of storage, carriers without archaeolipids gelled at room temperature and showed a significant increase of size after the same storage time. Below cytotoxic concentration, NAC(EOT+TB) decreased bacteria viability and enhanced the disruption of established PAO1 biofilms compared to free TB and EOT. Also, the strong entrapment of EOT in NAC(EOT+TB) delayed its volatilization, decreased intracellular ROS production and maintained its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS stimulated cells. CONCLUSION Combination of EOT + TB within NAC(EOT+TB) result in a stable and nebulizable formulation that enhanced the antioxidant and anti-biofilm activity of free ingredients, improved their ability to decrease intracellular ROS and provided anti-inflammatory activity, at non-cytotoxic concentrations on eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Perez
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Altube
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Ramos Souza Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jaroš P, Timkina E, Michailidu J, Maršík D, Kulišová M, Kolouchová I, Demnerová K. Boswellic Acids as Effective Antibacterial Antibiofilm Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123795. [PMID: 35744925 PMCID: PMC9228269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Boswellic acids are biologically active pentacyclic terpenoid compounds derived from Boswellia sp. plants. Extracts containing these acids have a number of positive effects on human health, especially in the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, or asthma. With increasing resistance to common antibiotics, boswellic acid-containing extracts could serve as an alternative or work in synergy with commonly available preparations. This study aims to determine the effect of boswellic acids on suspension cells and biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect found was compared with commonly available antibiotics to control these undesirable microorganisms. The synergistic effect of boswellic acids and common antibiotics on the growth of these microorganisms was also determined. All tested microorganisms showed a positive additive effect of antibiotics and boswellic acid extract. The most significant effect was found in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 in a combination of 0.2 × MIC80 erythromycin (0.2 mg/L) and 0.8 × MIC80 boswellic acid extract (16 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jaroš
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (K.D.)
| | - Elizaveta Timkina
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jana Michailidu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Dominik Maršík
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Markéta Kulišová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Irena Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Kateřina Demnerová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (K.D.)
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Inhibitory effect of a combination of baicalein and quercetin flavonoids against Candida albicans strains isolated from the female reproductive system. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:407-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Recent Advances in Photodynamic Therapy against Fungal Keratitis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122011. [PMID: 34959293 PMCID: PMC8709008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a serious clinical infection on the cornea caused by fungi and is one of the leading causes of blindness in Asian countries. The treatment options are currently limited to a few antifungal agents. With the increasing incidence of drug-resistant infections, many patients fail to respond to antibiotics. Riboflavin-mediated corneal crosslinking (similar to photodynamic therapy (PDT)) for corneal ectasia was approved in the US in the early 2000s. Current evidence suggests that PDT could have the potential to inhibit fungal biofilm formation and overcome drug resistance by using riboflavin and rose bengal as photosensitizers. However, only a few clinical trials have been initiated in anti-fungal keratitis PDT treatment. Moreover, the removal of the corneal epithelium and repeated application of riboflavin and rose bengal are required to improve drug penetration before and during PDT. Thus, an improvement in trans-corneal drug delivery is mandatory for a successful and efficient treatment. In this article, we review the studies published to date using PDT against fungal keratitis and aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of this research area. The potential of modifying photosensitizers using nanotechnology to improve the efficacy of PDT on fungal keratitis is also briefly reviewed.
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15
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Antimicrobial activity and mode of action of 1,8-cineol against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20824. [PMID: 34675255 PMCID: PMC8531306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most challenging issues that threatens the health of people around the world. Plant-derived natural compounds have received considerable attention for their potential role to mitigate antibiotic resistance. This study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of a monoterpene, 1,8-cineol (CN) against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Results showed that resazurin microplate assay and time-kill analysis revealed bactericidal effects of CN at 28.83 mg/mL. Zeta potential showed that CN increased the surface charge of bacteria and an increase of outer membrane permeability was also detected. CN was able to cause leakage of proteins and nucleic acids in KPC-KP cells upon exposure to CN and ethidium bromide influx/efflux experiment showed the uptake of ethidium bromide into the cell; this was attributed to membrane damage. CN was also found to induce oxidative stress in CN-treated KPC-KP cells through generation of reactive oxygen species which initiated lipid peroxidation and thus damaging the bacterial cell membrane. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies further confirmed the disruption of bacterial cell membrane and loss of intracellular materials. In this study, we demonstrated that CN induced oxidative stress and membrane damage resulting in KPC-KP cell death.
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16
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Jubair N, Rajagopal M, Chinnappan S, Abdullah NB, Fatima A. Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3663315. [PMID: 34447454 PMCID: PMC8384518 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3663315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has progressed rapidly and is becoming the leading cause of death globally. The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has been a significant threat to the successful therapy against microbial infections. Scientists have become more concerned about the possibility of a return to the pre-antibiotic era. Thus, searching for alternatives to fight microorganisms has become a necessity. Some bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics, while others acquire resistance mainly by the misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of new resistant variants through mutation. Since ancient times, plants represent the leading source of drugs and alternative medicine for fighting against diseases. Plants are rich sources of valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Many studies focus on plant secondary metabolites as a potential source for antibiotic discovery. They have the required structural properties and can act by different mechanisms. This review analyses the antibiotic resistance strategies produced by multidrug-resistant bacteria and explores the phytochemicals from different classes with documented antimicrobial action against resistant bacteria, either alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwan Jubair
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Ayesha Fatima
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Copolymer-nanocapsules of zinc phenyl-thio-phthalocyanine and amphotericin-B in association with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) applications against Candida albicans yeasts. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102273. [PMID: 33798749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (A-PDT) is a modern and non-invasive therapeutic modality. Nanostructures like the polymeric nanocapsules (NC) has proved to be a system that has enormous potential to improve current antimicrobial therapeutic practice. NC of Zinc phenyl-thio-phthalocyanine and Amphotericin B association (NC/ZnS4Pc + AMB) built with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 50:50 using the preformed polymer interfacial deposition method were developed at a 0.05 mg mL- 1 theoretical concentration to improve antifungal activity with two actives association and assistance from PDTa. It showed an average particle diameter of 253.8 ± 17.3, an average polydispersity index of 0.36 ± 0.01, and a negative Zeta potential average of -31.03 ± 5.54 for 158 days. UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy analyses did not show changes in photophysical properties in the steady-state of NC/ZnS4Pc + AMB counterparts free ZnS4Pc. The encapsulation percentage of actives was 89.24 % and 7.40 % for ZnS4Pc and AMB, respectively. Cell viability assay using NIH/3T3 ATCC® CRL-1658 ™ cells line showed no cytotoxicity for the concentrations tested. The photodynamic activity assay using NC/ZnS4Pc + AMB diluted showed fungal toxicity against Candida albicans yeast with energetic fluences of 12 J.cm-2 and 25 J.cm-2 by a decrease in cell viability. The MFC assay demonstrated a fungistatic activity for the conditions employed in the PDTa assay. The results show that NC/ZnS4Pc + AMB is a promising nanomaterial for antimicrobial inactivation using PDT.
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18
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Yang T, Huo J, Xu R, Zhang Y. Synergistic effect of toosendanin and regorafenib against cell proliferation and migration by regulating WWOX signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4567-4578. [PMID: 34058790 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regorafenib (RGF), a second-line multi-kinase inhibitor in the treatment of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) after sorafenib failure, exposes to the risk of drug resistance and subsequent progression of HCC patients. Toosendanin (TSN), a triterpenoid has presented excellent inhibition on several tumors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of the combination of TSN and RGF on HCC cells. We identified that TSN and RGF combination (TRC) synergistically inhibited the proliferation and migration of MHCC-97L cells. The upregulation of WWOX (WW-domain containing oxidoreductase) played a vital role in the HCC cell growth treated with TRC. TRC suppressed the phosphorylation of Stat3 and expression of DVL2, negatively regulated the activity of β-catenin by promoting the phosphorylation of GSK3β. In addition, the intranuclear proteins, including MMP2, MMP9, and C-MYC were significantly inhibited by TRC. The in vivo xenograft models confirmed that TRC effectually prevented the tumor growth through upregulating WWOX. Therefore, the treatment of TRC may be a potential solution of RGF resistance and promising therapeutic method in malignant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
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19
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Pancu DF, Scurtu A, Macasoi IG, Marti D, Mioc M, Soica C, Coricovac D, Horhat D, Poenaru M, Dehelean C. Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:401. [PMID: 33917092 PMCID: PMC8067816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are still debatable and are far from being elucidated. Thus, the present manuscript offers a global perspective on antibiotics in terms of evolution from a historical perspective with an emphasis on the main classes of antibiotics and their adverse effects. It also highlights the connection between antibiotics and microbiota, focusing on the dual role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis. In addition, using the natural compounds with antibacterial properties as potential alternatives for the classical antibiotic therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Florin Pancu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Marti
- Faculty of Medicine, Western University Vasile Goldis Arad, 94 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Horhat
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Marioara Poenaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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20
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de Lima LB, Viturino da Silva WA, Silva SL, Felipe Dos Santos EC, Barbosa Machado JC, Procópio TF, de Moura MC, Napoleão TH, Assunção Ferreira MR, Soares LAL. Chemical and antibacterial analysis of Cinnamomum verum leaves extract and fractions against multidrug resistant bacteria. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2559-2564. [PMID: 33749459 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of crude extract from leaves Cinnamomum verum and their enriched fractions was studied. Phytochemical analyses were performed by TLC and HPLC, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH• and ABTS•+. The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration was conducted against twenty-two bacteria to select five strains susceptible to extracts/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Interference of Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) in resistance to synthetic antibiotic was assayed by modulatory and checkerboard model. The chromatographic data showed phenolic compounds in crude extract, as well the flavonoid enrichment in the EAF. The combination of EAF and synthetic antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or gentamicin) provides a synergistic effect against multidrug resistant strains). The results are useful to obtain multi-targeting in a single therapy solution, which on antioxidants molecules plant-derivatives can act synergistically in antimicrobial combinations, a valuable aid as bacterial resistance modifying compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Bezerra de Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Luanne Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ewelyn Cintya Felipe Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla Barbosa Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Zhu P, Bu H, Tan S, Liu J, Yuan B, Dong G, Wang M, Jiang Y, Zhu H, Li H, Li Z, Jiang J, Wu M, Li R. A Novel Cochlioquinone Derivative, CoB1, Regulates Autophagy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through the PAK1/Akt1/mTOR Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1293-1305. [PMID: 32747503 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Owing to multiple antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes the most intractable infections to human beings worldwide, thus exploring novel drugs to defend against this bacterium remains of great importance. In this study, we purified a novel cochlioquinone B derivative (CoB1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza endophytic Bipolaris sorokiniana and reveal its role in host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by activating cytoprotective autophagy in alveolar macrophages (AMs) both in vivo and in vitro. Using a P. aeruginosa infection model, we observed that CoB1-treated mice manifest weakened lung injury, reduced bacterial systemic dissemination, decreased mortality, and dampened inflammatory responses, compared with the wild type littermates. We demonstrate that CoB1-induced autophagy in mouse AMs is associated with decreased PAK1 expression via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation pathway. The inhibition of PAK1 decreases the phosphorylation level of Akt, blocks the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the release of ULK1/2-Atg13-FIP200 complex from mTOR to initiate autophagosome formation, resulting in increased bacterial clearance capacity. Together, our results provide a molecular basis for the use of CoB1 to regulate host immune responses against P. aeruginosa infection and indicate that CoB1 is a potential option for the treatment of infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Bu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Tan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Guokai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Suzhou 215028, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China;
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China;
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22
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Is combined medication with natural medicine a promising therapy for bacterial biofilm infection? Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Marino A, Nostro A, Mandras N, Roana J, Ginestra G, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Gelmini F, Beretta G, Tullio V. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the hydrolate of Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil. (Lamiaceae) alone and in combination with antimicrobial agents. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:89. [PMID: 32183792 PMCID: PMC7076923 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrolates, complex mixtures containing traces of essential oils (EOs), are inexpensive, easy to make and less toxic than their corresponding EOs. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the hydrolate of Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil. (Lamiaceae) alone and in combination with antimicrobial drugs, such as tetracycline and itraconazole, were evaluated. Methods The chemical composition was analysed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Standard methods were performed to evaluate the susceptibility of some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida spp. to the hydrolate, in comparison with its EO. The hydrolate mechanism of action was assayed by propidium iodide and MitoTracker staining. Checkerboard tests were carried out for combinations studies. Results GC-MS identified 0.14% (v/v) of total EO content into hydrolate and carvacrol as a dominant component. The hydrolate showed a good antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts. It exhibited a synergistic effect with itraconazole against Candida krusei, and an additive effect with tetracycline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Hydrolate changed the membranes permeability of bacteria and yeasts and altered mitochondrial function of yeasts. Conclusions Our study extends the knowledge by exploiting non-conventional antimicrobial agents to fight the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Janira Roana
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy - ESP, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy - ESP, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vivian Tullio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Anacleto-Santos J, López-Camacho P, Mondragón-Flores R, Vega-Ávila E, Islas GB, Mondragón-Castelán M, Carrasco-Ramírez E, Rivera-Fernández N. Anti-toxoplasma, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Pleopeltis crassinervata (Fée) T. Moore hexane fraction. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:812-819. [PMID: 32127756 PMCID: PMC7042671 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes toxoplasmosis in humans. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine that are the drugs of choice to treat the disease, produce severe side effects as well as failure treatments because of drug resistance; thus, novel anti-Toxoplasma compounds are needed and natural compounds can be a good source to obtain them, as medicinal plants have been used to control other apicomplexan parasites. Pleopeltis crassinervata (P. crassinervata) is a fern used in some rural areas of Mexico to treat among other malaises, mouth ulcers, gastrointestinal problems and parasites. Therefore, the efficacy of extracts and fractions obtained from P. crassinervata fronds was evaluated on the viability of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites by the Stytox green method. RH is the prototypical type 1 Toxoplasma strain, isolated for the first time from the brain of a patient boy named R. H. Its phytochemical profile, MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Hep-2 cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity by ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, were also assessed. Hexane fraction exhibited the highest anti-Toxoplasma activity with an IC50 of 16.90 µg/mL. This fraction did not show antioxidant activity and contained at least 2 terpenoid type compounds with retention factor (Rf) of 0.75 and 0.86. The fraction was not toxic to the host cells in doses up to 50 µg/mL. P. crassinervata frond hexane fraction seems to be a good candidate to obtain possible anti-Toxoplasma compounds. This study is the first to report the biological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of P. crassinervata fern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhony Anacleto-Santos
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa 05370, CDMX, México
| | - Perla López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa 05370, CDMX, México
| | - Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Col Zacatenco 07360, CDMX, México
| | - Elisa Vega-Ávila
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa 09340, CDMX, México
| | - Gustavo Basurto Islas
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad de Guanajuato Mex, Campus León, México
| | - Mónica Mondragón-Castelán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Col Zacatenco 07360, CDMX, México
| | - Elba Carrasco-Ramírez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, México
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Silymarin, a Popular Dietary Supplement Shows Anti- Candida Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040206. [PMID: 31683548 PMCID: PMC6963672 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is a complex of plant-derived compounds obtained from the seed shells of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). It is used in medicine primarily to protect the liver. The mixture contains mainly flavonolignans, with silybin as a paramount bioactive component of the extract. This article presents the potential health benefits for silymarin as an antifungal drug against five references strains: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values ranging from 30 to 300 µg/mL. Additionally, this study revealed that the compound suppressed the growth of cells of most of the tested clinical Candida albicans strains with MIC values between 30 and 1200 µg/mL. Based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), the combination of silymarin with antifungal drugs caspofungin, fluconazole, and amphotericin B did not significantly change the MIC values for the tested Candida strains. Furthermore, no antagonistic reactions were observed in any combination of drugs. In addition, this substance shows anti-virulence properties including the destabilization of mature biofilm and the inhibition of the secretion of hydrolases. qRT-PCR-based experiments demonstrated that the SAP4 gene involved in virulence was downregulated by silymarin. These results indicate completely new advantages of dietary supplementation with this natural plant extract.
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Marliyana SD, Wibowo FR, Wartono MW, Munasah G. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of sesquiterpene Ar- Turmerone from Curcuma soloensis Val. rhizomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/578/1/012060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Combined effects of quercetin and curcumin on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial parameters in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Terpene Derivatives as a Potential Agent against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Pathogens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142631. [PMID: 31330955 PMCID: PMC6680751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens has prompted extensive research to find alternative therapeutics. Plants rich with natural secondary metabolites are one of the go-to reservoirs for discovery of potential resources to alleviate this problem. Terpenes and their derivatives comprising of hydrocarbons, are usually found in essential oils (EOs). They have been reported to have potent antimicrobial activity, exhibiting bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against tested pathogens. This brief review discusses the activity of terpenes and derivatives against pathogenic bacteria, describing the potential of the activity against AMR followed by the possible mechanism exerted by each terpene class. Finally, ongoing research and possible improvisation to the usage of terpenes and terpenoids in therapeutic practice against AMR are discussed.
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Kharsany K, Viljoen A, Leonard C, van Vuuren S. The new buzz: Investigating the antimicrobial interactions between bioactive compounds found in South African propolis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111867. [PMID: 30978456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis, a resinous substance produced by the Apis mellifera bee, contains a number of flavonoids sourced from plants found in the surrounding region. Whilst bees use this substance to seal off and protect the beehive, humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries, making use of its antibacterial, antiseptic, antipyretic and wound healing properties, among others. South African propolis is rich in the flavonoids pinocembrin, galangin, and chrysin and very little previous research has been conducted on the antimicrobial effects of these compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY To obtain an understanding of the antimicrobial activity of the compounds pinocembrin, galangin, and chrysin, both independently and in combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds pinocembrin, galangin and chrysin were investigated for interactive antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), anti-quorum sensing activity, biofilm studies, and toxicity studies (brine shrimp lethality assay). RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration results demonstrated that combinations of compounds showed better inhibitory activity than single compounds. When the flavonoids were tested in combination using the MIC assay, synergy was noted for 22% of the 1:1 ratio combinations and for 66% of the triple 1:1:1 ratio combinations. Similarly, MBC results showed bactericidal activity from selected combinations, while the compounds on their own demonstrated no cidal activity. Quorum sensing studies showed that compound combinations are more effective at inhibiting bacterial communication than the individual compounds. Biofilm assays showed that the highest percentage inhibition was observed for the triple combination against E. coli at 24 h. Finally, brine shrimp lethality studies revealed that combinations of the three compounds had reduced cytotoxicity when compared to the individual compounds. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the compounds found in South African propolis work synergistically to achieve an optimal antimicrobial effect, whilst simultaneously minimizing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kharsany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C Leonard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - S van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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30
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Janeczko M. Emodin Reduces the Activity of (1,3)- β-D-glucan Synthase from Candida albicans and Does Not Interact with Caspofungin. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:463-470. [PMID: 30550232 PMCID: PMC7256869 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection, with Candida albicans as a paramount causative species. (1,3)-β-D-glucan is one of the three main targets of clinically available antifungal agents used to treat Candida infections. It is one of the most abundant fungal cell wall components. Echinocandins represent the newest class of antifungals affecting cell wall biosynthesis through non-competitive inhibition of (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase. Therefore, treatment with echinocandins causes defects in fungal cell integrity. In the present study, similar activity of emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) has been revealed. Many reports have already shown the antifungal potential of this pleiotropic molecule, including its activity against C. albicans. The aim of this report was to evaluate the activity of emodin towards a new molecular target, i.e. (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase isolated from Candida cells. Moreover, given the identical mechanism of the activity of both molecules, interaction of emodin with caspofungin was determined. The study revealed that emodin reduced (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase activity and increased cell wall damage, which was evidenced by both a sorbitol protection assay and an aniline blue staining assay. Furthermore, the synergy testing method showed mainly independence of the action of both tested antifungal agents, i.e. emodin and caspofungin used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Janeczko
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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31
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Vitanza L, Maccelli A, Marazzato M, Scazzocchio F, Comanducci A, Fornarini S, Crestoni ME, Filippi A, Fraschetti C, Rinaldi F, Aleandri M, Goldoni P, Conte MP, Ammendolia MG, Longhi C. Satureja montana L. essential oil and its antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with gentamicin. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:323-331. [PMID: 30458252 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) are screened as potential sources of antimicrobial compounds. EOs from the genus Satureja have recognized biological properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to obtain a metabolite profile of commercial essential oil of S. montana L. (SEO) and to evaluate its antimicrobial properties, both alone and combined with gentamicin towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Untargeted analyses based on direct infusion Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and on GC-MS have provided a high metabolome coverage, allowing to identify carvacrol, cymene and thymol as the major components of commercial SEO. SEO exerted an antimicrobial activity and induced a synergistic interaction with gentamicin against both reference and clinical bacterial strains. A significant reduction of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation was induced by SEO. As a result of SEO treatment, clear morphological bacterial alterations were visualized by scanning electron microscopy: L. monocytogenes and S. aureus showed malformed cell surface or broken cells with pores formation, whereas E. coli displayed collapsed cell surface. These results encourage further studies about bactericidal and antibiotic synergistic effect of SEO for combined therapy in clinical setting as well as in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vitanza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzocchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Comanducci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Aleandri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Goldoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ammendolia
- National Center of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299 - 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Catia Longhi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:91-105. [PMID: 30205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widely recognized as a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, since the past decades have seen a dramatic increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. New antimicrobial agents are urgently required, particularly in the treatment of chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis, often associated with persistent colonization by drug-resistant pathogens and epithelial damage by pulmonary oxidative stress. In such events, it would be favourable to find agents that could have antioxidant and antibacterial activities combined in one molecule. The discovery of compounds that can show a dual-target activity considerably increased in the last years, reflecting the growing confidence that this new approach could lead to better therapeutic solutions for complex multigenic diseases. The aim of this review is to report those natural and synthetic compounds displaying significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In recent years there has been a growing attention on plant-derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics, for their efficacy and low tendency in developing bacterial resistance. Moreover, it was found that some natural products could enhance the activity of common antibiotics displaying a synergistic effect. We then report some selected synthetic compounds with an in-built capacity to act on two targets or with the combination in a single structure of two pharmacophores with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Recent literature instances were screened and the most promising examples of dual-active antibacterial-antioxidant molecules were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Naß J, Efferth T. Insights into apoptotic proteins in chemotherapy: quantification techniques and informing therapy choice. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:413-429. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1468755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Naß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Kadioglu O, Saeed M, Kuete V, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Oridonin Targets Multiple Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells as Determined by in Silico and in Vitro Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:355. [PMID: 29713280 PMCID: PMC5911471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the main reasons of chemotherapy failure. Therefore, overcoming drug resistance is an invaluable approach to identify novel anticancer drugs that have the potential to bypass or overcome resistance to established drugs and to substantially increase life span of cancer patients for effective chemotherapy. Oridonin is a cytotoxic diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with in vivo anticancer activity. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of oridonin toward a panel of drug-resistant cancer cells overexpressing ABCB1, ABCG2, or ΔEGFR or with a knockout deletion of TP53. Interestingly, oridonin revealed lower degree of resistance than the control drug, doxorubicin. Molecular docking analyses pointed out that oridonin can interact with Akt/EGFR pathway proteins with comparable binding energies and similar docking poses as the known inhibitors. Molecular dynamics results validated the stable conformation of oridonin docking pose on Akt kinase domain. Western blot experiments clearly revealed dose-dependent downregulation of Akt and STAT3. Pharmacogenomics analyses pointed to a mRNA signature that predicted sensitivity and resistance to oridonin. In conclusion, oridonin bypasses major drug resistance mechanisms and targets Akt pathway and might be effective toward drug refractory tumors. The identification of oridonin-specific gene expressions may be useful for the development of personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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35
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Abu-Darwish MS, Efferth T. Medicinal Plants from Near East for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:56. [PMID: 29445343 PMCID: PMC5797783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of the major problems affecting public health worldwide. As other cultures, the populations of the Near East rely on medicinal herbs and their preparations to fight cancer. Methods: We compiled data derived from historical ethnopharmacological information as well as in vitro and in vivo results and clinical findings extracted from different literature databases including (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) during the past two decades. Results: In this survey, we analyzed the huge amount of data available on anticancer ethnopharmacological sources used in the Near East. Medicinal herbs are the most dominant ethnopharmacological formula used among cancer's patients in the Near East. The data obtained highlight for the first time the most commonly used medicinal plants in the Near East area for cancer treatment illustrating their importance as natural anticancer agents. The literature survey reveals that various Arum species, various Artemisia species, Calotropis procera, Citrullus colocynthis, Nigella sativa, Pulicaria crispa, various Urtica species, Withania somnifera, and others belong to the most frequently used plants among cancer patients in the Near East countries. Molecular modes of action that have been investigated for plant extracts and isolated compounds from Near East include cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction with participation of major player in these processes such as p53 and p21, Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c release, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, activation of caspases, etc. Conclusion: The ethnopharmacology of the Near East was influenced by Arabic and Islamic medicine and might be promising for developing new natural and safe anticancer agents. Further research is required to elucidate their cellular and molecular mechanisms and to estimate their clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Abu-Darwish
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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