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Yagoo A, Milton MCJ, Vilvest J. Exploring the bioactive potential leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus: Targeting immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors through bioassay-guided screening and fraction isolation. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102819. [PMID: 37863178 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control is vital for combating mosquito-borne diseases, but concerns exist regarding the use of synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to explore eco-friendly alternatives derived from natural sources. The larvicidal, pupicidal, and ovicidal activities of various fractions obtained from the hexane leaf extract of Sphaeranthus indicus were investigated against two important mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. S. indicus leaves were extracted with hexane and column chromatography was performed with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and their mixtures as eluents. Among the ten fractions (F1-F10) evaluated, fraction 'F-4' exhibited significant activity against third instar larvae, pupae, and eggs of both mosquito species, closely followed by 'F-5' . At a concentration of 10 ppm, 'F-4' achieved 100% mortality in larvae and displayed LC50 values of 5.08 ppm and 5.03 ppm for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, respectively. The LC50 values for pupae were 6.12 ppm and 5.83 ppm for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. Regarding ovicidal activity, 'F-4' demonstrated percentages ranging from 63.2% to 64.8% against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus eggs, respectively. These findings underscore the potent larvicidal, pupicidal, and ovicidal effects of fraction 'F-4' from S. indicus against the targeted mosquito species. Further research is warranted to identify the active compounds responsible for these effects and explore practical applications for sustainable mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yagoo
- PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600034, India.
| | - M C John Milton
- PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600034, India
| | - Jelin Vilvest
- PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600034, India
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Happi GM, Nangmo PK, Dzouemo LC, Kache SF, Kouam ADK, Wansi JD. Contribution of Meliaceous plants in furnishing lead compounds for antiplasmodial and insecticidal drug development. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114906. [PMID: 34910951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria remains one of the greatest threats to human life especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions where it claims hundreds of thousands of lives of young children every year. Meliaceae represent a large family of trees and shrubs, which are widely used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including fever due to malaria. The in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial as well as insecticidal investigations of their extracts or isolated compounds have led to promising results but to the best of our knowledge, no specific review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry of the antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic lead compounds and extracts of Meliaceae plants has been compiled. AIMS To review the literature up to 2021 on the Meliaceae family with antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of online libraries including PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar and Web of Science were used in searching for information on antiplasmodial metabolites from Meliaceous plants. The keywords Meliaceae, malaria, Plasmodium, Anopheles and antiplasmodial were used to monitor and refine our search without language restriction. RESULTS The phytochemical investigations of genera of the family Meliaceae led to the isolation and characterization of a wide range of structural diversity of compounds, 124 of which have been evaluated for their antiplasmodial potency against 11 chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. A total of 45 compounds were reported with promising insecticidal potentials against two efficient vector species, Anopheles stephensi Liston and A. gambiae Giles. Limonoids were the most abundant (51.6%) reported compounds and they exhibited the most promising antiplasmodial activity such as gedunin (3) which demonstrated an activity equal to quinine or azadirachtin (1) displaying promising larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal effects on different larval instars of A. stephensi with almost 100% larval mortality at 1 ppm concentration. CONCLUSION Studies performed so far on Meliaceae plants have reported compounds with significant antiplasmodial and insecticidal activity, lending support to the use of species of this family in folk medicine, for the treatment of malaria. Moreover, results qualified several of these species as important sources of compounds for the development of eco-friendly pesticides to control mosquito vectors. However, more in vitro, in vivo and full ADMET studies are still required to provide additional data that could guide in developing novel drugs and insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Pamela Kemda Nangmo
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Liliane Clotide Dzouemo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Sorelle Fotsing Kache
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
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Milugo TK, Tchouassi DP, Kavishe RA, Dinglasan RR, Torto B. Derivatization increases mosquito larvicidal activity of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenin isolated from the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:659-665. [PMID: 33034953 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracts of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) have been shown to possess larvicidal activity against a wide range of disease vectors. However, the phytochemicals responsible for the larvicidal activity from this plant remain unidentified. Here, we isolated the major sesquiterpene lactone, parthenin (1) from the plant and synthesized two derivatives [ethylene glycol (2) and azide (3) derivatives] targeting the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, previously known to account for its biological activity such as toxicity towards cells and microorganism. All three compounds were screened for larvicidal activity against the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. RESULTS The larval mortality of ethylene glycol derivative (2) and 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) were approximately two-four-fold higher than that of parthenin (1) and neem oil with LC50 values of 37 and 66 mg L-1 , respectively. Parthenin (1) and the positive control, neem oil, had comparable median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values of 154 and 121 mg L-1 , respectively. In assays with binary combinations of the three compounds, larvicidal activity followed the order: parthenin (1) + 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) (LC50 = 14 mg L-1 ) > parthenin (1) + ethylene glycol derivative (2) (LC50 = 109 mg L-1 ), > blend of 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) and ethylene glycol derivative (2) (LC50 = 200 mg L-1 ). CONCLUSION Structural modification of parthenin (1) through addition of hydroxyl groups increases its larvicidal effects. These findings advance the use of structural modification approach in the development of lead chemical molecules for potential exploitation in larval source management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trizah K Milugo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Reginald A Kavishe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
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Senthil-Nathan S. A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal Agents Against Mosquitoes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1591. [PMID: 32158396 PMCID: PMC7052130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are a serious threat to the society, acting as vector to several dreadful diseases. Mosquito management programes profoundly depend on the routine of chemical insecticides that subsequently lead to the expansion of resistance midst the vectors, along with other problems such as environmental pollution, bio magnification, and adversely affecting the quality of public and animal health, worldwide. The worldwide risk of insect vector transmitted diseases, with their associated illness and mortality, emphasizes the need for effective mosquitocides. Hence there is an immediate necessity to develop new eco-friendly pesticides. As a result, numerous investigators have worked on the development of eco-friendly effective mosquitocidal compounds of plant origin. These products have a cumulative advantage of being cost-effective, environmentally benign, biodegradable, and safe to non-target organisms. This review aims at describing the current state of research on behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of plant derived compounds with larvicidal effects on mosquitoes. The mode of physiological and biochemical action of known compounds derived from various plant families as well as the potential of plant secondary metabolites, plant extracts, and also the essential oils (EO), as mosquitocidal agents are discussed. This review clearly indicates that the application of vegetal-based compounds as mosquito control proxies can serve as alternative biocontrol methods in mosquito management programes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
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Lu XL, Lyu MY, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization of 1,5-Enyne Ethers by Hydride Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11365-11368. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mao-Yun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules; Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; No.10, Second Yuexing Road Shenzhen 518507 China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules; Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; No.10, Second Yuexing Road Shenzhen 518507 China
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Lu XL, Lyu MY, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization of 1,5-Enyne Ethers by Hydride Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mao-Yun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules; Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; No.10, Second Yuexing Road Shenzhen 518507 China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules; Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; No.10, Second Yuexing Road Shenzhen 518507 China
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Mbatchou VC, Tchouassi DP, Dickson RA, Annan K, Mensah AY, Amponsah IK, Jacob JW, Cheseto X, Habtemariam S, Torto B. Mosquito larvicidal activity of Cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:562. [PMID: 29126433 PMCID: PMC5681828 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The edible and medicinal leguminous plant Cassia tora L. (Fabaceae) is known to possess insecticidal properties against a wide range of plant-feeding insects. However, the bioactivity of extracts of this plant and their constituents against vectors of medical importance has been largely unexplored. We investigated the mosquito larvicidal activity of the seed extract and its major anthraquinones against larvae of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.). Methods Third-fourth instar larval mortality was observed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure to varying doses of the extracts, and two anthraquinones isolates identified using liquid chromatography- quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QtoF-MS). The mosquito larval mortality was evaluated relative to the natural insecticide azadirachtin. Results Fractionation of the crude extract decreased mosquito larvicidal activity, however, larvicidal activity increased with increasing dose of the treatment and exposure time. The known anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin were identified as key larvicidal compounds. Aurantio-obtusin and obtusin, exhibited similar toxicity to larvae of A. gambiae (s.s.) with LD50 values of 10 and 10.2 ppm, respectively. However, the two anthraquinones were four- and ~ six-fold less potent than that of the crude seed extract and azadirachtin, which had comparable LD50 values of 2.5 and 1.7 ppm, respectively. Conclusion Both aurantio-obtusin and obtusin showed mosquito larvicidal activity which were comparable to their respective fractions although they were less potent relative to the crude extract and azadirachtin. Further studies need to be conducted on C. tora for its exploitation as a potential eco-friendly tool in mosquito larval source reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine C Mbatchou
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, University for Development Studies, Navrongo Campus, Navrongo, Ghana.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rita A Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Annan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abraham Y Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac K Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Julia W Jacob
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Irungu BN, Adipo N, Orwa JA, Kimani F, Heydenreich M, Midiwo JO, Martin Björemark P, Håkansson M, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of the constituents of Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:419-25. [PMID: 26320684 PMCID: PMC4642656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica are African medicinal plants used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including malaria. The genus Turraea is rich in limonoids and other triterpenoids known to possess various biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the stem bark of T. robusta six compounds, and from various parts of T. nilotica eleven compounds were isolated by the use of a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using NMR and MS, whilst the relative configuration of one of the isolated compounds, toonapubesin F, was established by X-ray crystallography. The antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and the isolated constituents against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were determined using the semiautomated micro dilution technique that measures the ability of the extracts to inhibit the incorporation of (G-(3)H, where G is guanine) hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. The cytotoxicity of the crude extracts and their isolated constituents was evaluated against the mammalian cell lines African monkey kidney (vero), mouse breast cancer (4T1) and human larynx carcinoma (HEp2). RESULTS The extracts showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities, where the extract of the stem bark of T. robusta was also cytotoxic against the 4T1 and the HEp2 cells (IC50<10 μg/ml). The compounds isolated from these extracts were characterized as limonoids, protolimonoids and phytosterol glucosides. These compounds showed good to moderate activities with the most active one being azadironolide, IC50 2.4 ± 0.03 μM and 1.1 ± 0.01 μM against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively; all other compounds possessed IC50 14.4-40.5 μM. None of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against vero cells, yet four of them were toxic against the 4T1 and HEp2 cancer cell lines with piscidinol A having IC50 8.0 ± 0.03 and 8.4 ± 0.01 μM against the 4T1 and HEp2 cells, respectively. Diacetylation of piscidinol A resulted in reduced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION From the medicinal plants T. robusta and T. nilotica, twelve compounds were isolated and characterized; two of the isolated compounds, namely 11-epi-toonacilin and azadironolide showed good antiplasmodial activity with the highest selectivity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Adipo
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer A Orwa
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kimani
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Per Martin Björemark
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden; Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530 Sweden.
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Toxicity of aristolochic acids isolated from Aristolochia indica Linn (Aristolochiaceae) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2015; 153:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Paritala V, Chiruvella KK, Thammineni C, Ghanta RG, Mohammed A. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentials of mahogany family. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Reegan AD, Gandhi MR, Paulraj MG, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S. Effect of niloticin, a protolimonoid isolated from Limonia acidissima L. (Rutaceae) on the immature stages of dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2014; 139:67-76. [PMID: 25019220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mosquitocidal activity of fractions and a compound niloticin from the hexane extract of Limonia acidissima L. leaves on eggs, larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). In these bioassays, the eggs, larvae and pupae were exposed to concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0ppm for fractions and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0ppm for compound. After 24h, the mortality was assessed and the LC50 and LC90 values were calculated for larvae and pupae. Per cent ovicidal activity was calculated for eggs after 120h post treatment. Among the sixteen fractions screened, fraction 8 from the hexane extract of L. acidissima generated good mosquitocidal activity against Ae. aegypti. The LC50 and LC90 values of fraction 8 were 4.11, 8.04ppm against Ae. aegypti larvae and 4.19, 8.10ppm against Ae. aegypti pupae, respectively. Further, the isolated compound, niloticin recorded strong larvicidal and pupicidal activities. The 2ppm concentration of niloticin showed 100% larvicidal and pupicidal activities in 24h. The LC50 and LC90 values of niloticin on Ae. aegypti larvae were 0.44, 1.17ppm and on pupae were 0.62, 1.45ppm, respectively. Niloticin presented 83.2% ovicidal activity at 2ppm concentration after 120h post treatment and niloticin exhibited significant growth disruption and morphological deformities at sub lethal concentrations against Ae. aegypti. The structure of the isolated compound was identified on the basis of single XRD and spectral data ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) and compared with literature spectral data. The results indicate that niloticin could be used as a potential natural mosquitocide.
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Cecilia KF, Ravindhran R, Gandhi MR, Reegan AD, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities of ecbolin A and ecbolin B isolated from Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3477-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cai JY, Chen DZ, Luo SH, Kong NC, Zhang Y, Di YT, Zhang Q, Hua J, Jing SX, Li SL, Li SH, Hao XJ, He HP. Limonoids from Aphanamixis polystachya and their antifeedant activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:472-482. [PMID: 24256462 DOI: 10.1021/np400678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight new aphanamixoid-type aphanamixoids (C-J, 1-8) and six new prieurianin-type limonoids, aphanamixoids K-P (9-14), along with 10 known terpenoids were isolated from Aphanamixis polystachya, and their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis. Among the new limonoids, 13 compounds exhibited antifeedant activity against the generalist Helicoverpa armigera, a plant-feeding insect, at various concentration levels. In particular, compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed potent activities with EC50 values of 0.017, 0.008, and 0.012 μmol/cm(2), respectively. On the basis of a preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis, some potential active sites in the aphanamixoid-type limonoid molecules are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yuan CM, Tang GH, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Cao MM, Li XH, Li Y, Li SL, Di YT, He HP, Hao XJ, Hua HM. New steroids and sesquiterpene from Turraea pubescens. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang JS, Wei DD, Gu YC, Wang XB, Kong LY. Bioactive terpenoids from the fruits of Aphanamixis grandifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1191-1195. [PMID: 23772699 DOI: 10.1021/np400126q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
From the fruits of the tropical tree Aphanamixis grandifolia, five new evodulone-type limonoids, aphanalides I-M (1-5), one new apo-tirucallane-type triterpenoid, polystanin E (6), and three new chain-like diterpenoids, nemoralisins A-C (7-9), along with 12 known compounds were identified. The absolute configurations were determined by a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, the Mosher ester method, and calculated ECD data. The cytotoxicities of all the isolates and the insecticidal activities of the limonoids were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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17
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18
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Mosquito larvicidal activity of alkaloids and limonoids derived from Evodia rutaecarpa unripe fruits against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2012; 111:991-6. [PMID: 22526296 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, uses of environment friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin have received renewed attention as agents for vector control. During a screening program for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the ethanol extract of Evodia rutaecarpa Hook f. et Thomas (Rutaceae) unripe fruits was found to possess larvicidal activity against the mosquitoes. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of E. rutaecarpa unripe fruits and the isolated constituents against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquito Aedes albopictus. The powder, 5 kg of the fruit material, was extracted with 30 l of 95 % ethanol, filtered, and evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The crude extract was then partitioned between methanol-water and n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was evaporated off to given n-hexane extract. The aqueous layer was repartitioned with chloroform to provide chloroform extract after evaporation of the solvent. Further partitioning with ethyl acetate gave a residue after evaporation of the solvent. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of chloroform extract on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of three alkaloids (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, and wuchuyuamide I) and two limonoids (evodol and limonin). The structures of the constituent compounds were elucidated based on high-resolution electron impact mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Evodiamine, rutaecarpine, and wuchuyuamide I exhibited strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus with LC(50) values of 12.51, 17.02, and 26.16 μg/ml, respectively. Limonin and evodol also possessed larvicidal activity against the Asian tiger mosquitoes with LC(50) values of 32.43 and 52.22 μg/ml, respectively, while the ethanol extract had a LC(50) value of 43.21 μg/ml. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of E. rutaecarpa and the five isolated constituents have a good potential as a source for natural larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
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20
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In vitro isolation and characterization of biolarvicidal compounds from micropropagated plants of Spilanthes acmella. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:297-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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A rapid and efficient enantiospecific synthesis of the functionalized ABC-ring system of tetranortriterpene dumsins and their analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Wang XN, Fan CQ, Yin S, Lin LP, Ding J, Yue JM. Cytotoxic Terpenoids fromTurraea pubescens. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Chen HD, Yang SP, Liao SG, Zhang B, Wu Y, Yue JM. Limonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Amoora tsangii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:93-97. [PMID: 18078326 DOI: 10.1021/np070476x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seven new limonoids, amotsangins A-G (1-7), two known limonoids, and four known sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Amoora tsangii. Their structures were elucidated primarily on the basis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China
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24
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Nantulya FN, Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Ogundahunsi OAT. Research Themes and Advances in Malaria Research Capacity Made by the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.77.6.suppl.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence N. Nantulya
- Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Chemin du Joran, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jane F. Kengeya-Kayondo
- Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Chemin du Joran, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Olumide A. T. Ogundahunsi
- Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Chemin du Joran, Nyon, Switzerland
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Wang XN, Yin S, Fan CQ, Wang FD, Lin LP, Ding J, Yue JM. Turrapubesins A and B, First Examples of Halogenated and Maleimide-Bearing Limonoids in Nature fromTurraeapubescens. Org Lett 2006; 8:3845-8. [PMID: 16898832 DOI: 10.1021/ol061466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Two novel tetranortriterpenoids, turrapubesins A (1) and B (2), representing the first examples of halogenated and maleimide-bearing limonoids, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Turraea pubescens. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography of 1 and by CD analysis of a dihydrogenated derivative of 2. Turrapubesin A (1) exhibited weak cytotoxicity against the P-388 tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Wang XN, Fan CQ, Yue JM. New pregnane steroids from Turraea pubescens. Steroids 2006; 71:720-4. [PMID: 16765400 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three new pregnane steroids, 2beta,3beta,5beta-trihydroxy-pregn-20-en-6-one (1), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregn-7,20-dien-6-one (2), and 3beta-acetoxy-5alpha-pregn-7,20-dien-6-one (3) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Turraea pubescens, and were structurally elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, PR China
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De Omena MC, Bento ES, De Paula JE, Sant'Ana AEG. Larvicidal Diterpenes from Pterodon polygalaeflorus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2006; 6:216-22. [PMID: 16796519 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolic extract from seeds of Pterodon polygalaeflorus (Benth) has been shown to possess significant larvicidal activity against the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation and characterization of the know diterpenoid furans 6alpha-hydroxyvouacapan-7beta,17beta-lactone (1), 6alpha,7beta-dihydroxyvouacapan- 17beta-oic acid (2) and methyl 6alpha,7beta-dihydroxyvouacapan-17beta-oate (3). The structures were established from infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data: full NMR assignments are presented for compounds 1-3 and the diacetyl derivative of 3. Compounds 1-3 exhibited LC50 values of 50.08, 14.69, and 21.76 microg/mL against fourth-instar Aedes aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C De Omena
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió-AL, Brazil
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29
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Roy A, Saraf S. Limonoids: overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plants kingdom. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:191-201. [PMID: 16462017 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for limonoids started long back when scientists started looking for the factor responsible for bitterness in citrus which has negative impact on citrus fruit and juice industry worldwide. The term limonoids was derived from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles. Compounds belonging to this group have exhibited a range of biological activities like insecticidal, insect antifeedant and growth regulating activity on insects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral and a number of other pharmacological activities on humans. Although hundreds of limonoids have been isolated from various plants but, their occurrence in the plant kingdom is confined to only plant families of order Rutales and that too more abundantly in Meliaceae and Rutaceae, and less frequently in Cneoraceae and Harrisonia sp. of Simaroubaceae. Limonoids are highly oxygenated, modified terpenoids with a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. All naturally occurring citrus limonoids contain a furan ring attached to the D-ring, at C-17, as well as oxygen containing functional groups at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17. The structural variations of limonoids found in Rutaceae are less than in Meliaceae and are generally limited to the modification of A and B rings, the limonoids of Meliaceae are more complex with very high degree of oxidation and rearrangement exhibited in the parent limonoid structure. To counter the problem of bitterness in citrus juice and products genetic engineering of citrus to maximize the formation of limonoid glucosides for reducing limonoid bitterness is the focus of recent and future research. Regarding the biological activities of limonoids the investigations are to be directed towards detailed characterization, quantification, and designing a simple as well as versatile synthetic route of apparently important limonoids. Extraction methods too should be optimized; evaluation and establishment of pharmaco-dynamic and kinetic principles, and structure activity relationships should be a key goal associated with limonoids so that they can be safely introduced in our arsenal of pharmaceuticals to safeguard the humanity from the wrath of disease and its discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Vidya Vihar, Borawan-451228, Dist. Khargone, MP, India.
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31
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Chapter 5.3 Five-membered ring systems: Furans and benzofurans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Ndung'u MW, Kaoneka B, Hassanali A, Lwande W, Hooper AM, Tayman F, Zerbe O, Torto B. New mosquito larvicidal tetranortriterpenoids from Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:5027-5031. [PMID: 15291470 DOI: 10.1021/jf049474y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The crude methanol extracts of the root barks of Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda were found to show mosquito larvicidal activity against third-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Four new limonoids comprising a vilasininoid 1 and three havanensinoids 2-4 were isolated from the chloroform fractions of the methanol extracts of T. wakefieldii and T. floribunda, respectively. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 had LD50 values of 7.1, 4.0, and 3.6 ppm, respectively, and were more potent than azadirachtin, which had an LD50 value of 57.1 ppm when tested against larvae of A. gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary W Ndung'u
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
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