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Haluz P, Kis P, Cvečko M, Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. Acuminosylation of Tyrosol by a Commercial Diglycosidase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065943. [PMID: 36983015 PMCID: PMC10059904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A commercial glycosidase mixture obtained from Penicillium multicolor (Aromase H2) was found to comprise a specific diglycosidase activity, β-acuminosidase, alongside undetectable levels of β-apiosidase. The enzyme was tested in the transglycosylation of tyrosol using 4-nitrophenyl β-acuminoside as the diglycosyl donor. The reaction was not chemoselective, providing a mixture of Osmanthuside H and its counterpart regioisomer 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl β-acuminoside in 58% yield. Aromase H2 is therefore the first commercial β-acuminosidase which is also able to glycosylate phenolic acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haluz
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kis
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Cvečko
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mastihubová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Mastihuba
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abstract
Apiose is a branched pentose naturally occurring either as a component of the plant cell wall polysaccharides or as a sugar moiety present in numerous plant secondary metabolites such as flavonoid and phenylethanoid glycosides, substrates in plant defense systems or as glycosylated aroma precursors. The enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of such apiosylated substances (mainly glycosidases specific towards apiose or acuminose) have promising applications not only in hydrolysis (flavor development), but potentially also in the synthesis of apiosides and apioglucosides with pharmaceutical relevance. This review summarizes the actual knowledge of glycosidases recognizing apiose and their potential application in biocatalysis.
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Yan W, Yang J, Tang H, Xue L, Chen K, Wang L, Zhao M, Tang M, Peng A, Long C, Chen X, Ye H, Chen L. Flavonoids from the stems of Millettia pachyloba Drake mediate cytotoxic activity through apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. J Adv Res 2019; 20:117-127. [PMID: 31338224 PMCID: PMC6626068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, systematic separation and subsequent pharmacological activity studies were carried out to identify cytotoxic natural products from the dried stems of Millettia pachyloba Drake. Five previously undescribed isoflavones, pachyvones A-E; one previously undescribed xanthone, pachythone A; and twenty-two known compounds were obtained. The structures of these compounds were assigned on the basis of 1D/2D NMR data and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analysis. Preliminary activity screening with HeLa and MCF-7 cells showed that ten compounds (3-5, 9, 12, 17-19, 24, and 25) had potential cytotoxicity. Further in-depth activity studies with five cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, Hct116, and MDA-MB-231) and one normal cell line (HUVEC) revealed that these ten compounds showed specific cytotoxicity in cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 40 μM, while they had no effect on normal cell lines. To investigate whether the cytotoxicity of these ten compounds was associated with autophagy, their autophagic effects were evaluated in GFP-LC3-HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that compound 9 (durmillone) significantly induced autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner and had the best activity as an autophagy inducer among all of the compounds. Therefore, compound 9 was selected for further study. The PI/Annexin V double staining assay and Western blotting results revealed that compound 9 also induced obvious apoptosis in HeLa and MCF-7 cells, which suggests that it mediates cytotoxic activity through activation of both apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, this study identified ten natural cytotoxic products from the dried stems of Millettia pachyloba Drake, of which compound 9 induced apoptosis and autophagy and could be an anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Tang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Xue
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Peng
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd., Dongguan 440100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd., Dongguan 440100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs and Cancer Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Koseki T, Ishikawa M, Kawasaki M, Shiono Y. β-Diglycosidases from microorganisms as industrial biocatalysts: biochemical characteristics and potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8717-8723. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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He X, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S, Zhang S. Probing the structure-activity relationship of a novel artificial cellobiose hydrolase. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5225-5233. [PMID: 32264107 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable catalytic properties of enzymes contribute to their unique 3D structures and arrangement of amino acid residues, which provide a blueprint for the design of artificial enzymes. Here, a series of peptide catalysts (PCs) that mimic the unique orientation and function of β-glycosyl hydrolases were designed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and computational modeling were used to investigate and compare the relationship of the fibrinous structure of PCs with its glycoside hydrolysis activity. These results indicated that the catalytic activity of PCs was not only related to their amyloid-like structures, but it can also be influenced by the site, species, molecular arrangement and steric hindrance of the amino acid sequence. What's more, this is the first report on peptide-inspired catalysts that mimic the natural cellobiose hydrolases. All this provided insights into the potential use of peptide nanoenzymes in the generation of efficient artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing He
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Pičmanová M, Møller BL. Apiose: one of nature's witty games. Glycobiology 2016; 26:430-42. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Park MK, Cui CH, Park SC, Park SK, Kim JK, Jung MS, Jung SC, Kim SC, Im WT. Characterization of recombinant β-glucosidase from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus and biotransformation of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd. J Microbiol 2014; 52:399-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rouyi C, Baiya S, Lee SK, Mahong B, Jeon JS, Ketudat-Cairns JR, Ketudat-Cairns M. Recombinant Expression and Characterization of the Cytoplasmic Rice β-Glucosidase Os1BGlu4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96712. [PMID: 24802508 PMCID: PMC4011751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Os1BGlu4 β-glucosidase is the only glycoside hydrolase family 1 member in rice that is predicted to be localized in the cytoplasm. To characterize the biochemical function of rice Os1BGlu4, the Os1bglu4 cDNA was cloned and used to express a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. After removal of the tag, the purified recombinant Os1BGlu4 (rOs1BGlu4) exhibited an optimum pH of 6.5, which is consistent with Os1BGlu4's cytoplasmic localization. Fluorescence microscopy of maize protoplasts and tobacco leaf cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged Os1BGlu4 confirmed the cytoplasmic localization. Purified rOs1BGlu4 can hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-β-d-glucoside (pNPGlc) efficiently (kcat/Km = 17.9 mM−1·s−1), and hydrolyzes pNP-β-d-fucopyranoside with about 50% the efficiency of the pNPGlc. Among natural substrates tested, rOs1BGlu4 efficiently hydrolyzed β-(1,3)-linked oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (DP) 2–3, and β-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharide of DP 3–4, and hydrolysis of salicin, esculin and p-coumaryl alcohol was also detected. Analysis of the hydrolysis of pNP-β-cellobioside showed that the initial hydrolysis was between the two glucose molecules, and suggested rOs1BGlu4 transglucosylates this substrate. At 10 mM pNPGlc concentration, rOs1BGlu4 can transfer the glucosyl group of pNPGlc to ethanol and pNPGlc. This transglycosylation activity suggests the potential use of Os1BGlu4 for pNP-oligosaccharide and alkyl glycosides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Rouyi
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Supaporn Baiya
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - James R. Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Mishra SK, Sangwan NS, Sangwan RS. PURIFICATION AND PHYSICOKINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A GLUCONOLACTONE INHIBITION-INSENSITIVE β-GLUCOSIDASE FROMAndrographis paniculataNEES. LEAF. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:481-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.759966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cui CH, Kim SC, Im WT. Characterization of the ginsenoside-transforming recombinant β-glucosidase from Actinosynnema mirum and bioconversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:649-59. [PMID: 22911093 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the cloning, expression, and characterization of ginsenoside-transforming recombinant β-glucosidase from Actinosynnema mirum KACC 20028(T) in order to biotransform ginsenosides efficiently. The gene, termed as bglAm, encoding a β-glucosidase (BglAm) belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 3 was cloned. bglAm consisted of 1,830 bp (609 amino acid residues) with a predicted molecular mass of 65,277 Da. This enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using a GST-fused pGEX 4T-1 vector system. The recombinant BglAm was purified with a GST·bind agarose resin and characterized. The optimum conditions of the recombinant BglAm were pH 7.0 and 37 °C. BglAm could hydrolyze the outer and inner glucose moieties at the C3 and C20 of the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (i.e., Rb(1) and Rd, gypenoside XVII) to produce protopanaxadiol via gypenoside LXXV, F(2), and Rh(2)(S) with various pathways. BglAm can effectively transform the ginsenoside Rb(1) to gypenoside XVII and Rd to F(2); the K (m) values of Rb(1) and Rd were 0.69 ± 0.06 and 0.45 ± 0.02 mM, respectively, and the V (max) values were 16.13 ± 0.29 and 51.56 ± 1.35 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) of protein, respectively. Furthermore, BglAm could convert the protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Re and Rg(1) into Rg(2)(S) and Rh(1)(S) hydrolyzing the attached glucose moiety at the C6 and C20 positions, respectively. These various ginsenoside-hydrolyzing pathways of BglAm may assist in producing the minor ginsenosides from abundant major ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hao Cui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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R. Ketudat Cairns J, Pengthaisong S, Luang S, Sansenya S, Tankrathok A, Svasti J. Protein-carbohydrate Interactions Leading to Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation in Plant Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 Enzymes. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2012. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2011_022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Wang L, Liu QM, Sung BH, An DS, Lee HG, Kim SG, Kim SC, Lee ST, Im WT. Bioconversion of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by novel β-glucosidase hydrolyzing outer 3-O glycoside from Sphingomonas sp. 2F2: Cloning, expression, and enzyme characterization. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mazzaferro LS, Breccia JD. Functional and biotechnological insights into diglycosidases*. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2011.594882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ketudat Cairns JR, Esen A. β-Glucosidases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3389-405. [PMID: 20490603 PMCID: PMC11115901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases (3.2.1.21) are found in all domains of living organisms, where they play essential roles in the removal of nonreducing terminal glucosyl residues from saccharides and glycosides. β-Glucosidases function in glycolipid and exogenous glycoside metabolism in animals, defense, cell wall lignification, cell wall β-glucan turnover, phytohormone activation, and release of aromatic compounds in plants, and biomass conversion in microorganisms. These functions lead to many agricultural and industrial applications. β-Glucosidases have been classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH1, GH3, GH5, GH9, and GH30, based on their amino acid sequences, while other β-glucosidases remain to be classified. The GH1, GH5, and GH30 β-glucosidases fall in GH Clan A, which consists of proteins with (β/α)(8)-barrel structures. In contrast, the active site of GH3 enzymes comprises two domains, while GH9 enzymes have (α/α)(6) barrel structures. The mechanism by which GH1 enzymes recognize and hydrolyze substrates with different specificities remains an area of intense study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ketudat Cairns
- Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Mazzaferro L, Piñuel L, Minig M, Breccia JD. Extracellular monoenzyme deglycosylation system of 7-O-linked flavonoid beta-rutinosides and its disaccharide transglycosylation activity from Stilbella fimetaria. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:383-93. [PMID: 20358178 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We screened for microorganisms able to use flavonoids as a carbon source; and one isolate, nominated Stilbella fimetaria SES201, was found to possess a disaccharide-specific hydrolase. It was a cell-bound ectoenzyme that was released to the medium during conidiogenesis. The enzyme was shown to cleave the flavonoid hesperidin (hesperetin 7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) into rutinose (alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranose) and hesperetin. Since only intracellular traces of monoglycosidase activities (beta-glucosidase, alpha-rhamnosidase) were produced, the disaccharidase alpha-rhamnosyl-beta-glucosidase was the main system utilized by the microorganism for hesperidin hydrolysis. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 42224 Da and isoelectric point of 5.7. Even when maximum activity was found at 70 degrees C, it was active at temperatures as low as 5 degrees C, consistent with the psychrotolerant character of S. fimetaria. Substrate preference studies indicated that the enzyme exhibits high specificity toward 7-O-linked flavonoid beta-rutinosides. It did not act on flavonoid 3-O-beta-rutinoside and 7-O-beta-neohesperidosides, neither monoglycosylated substrates. In an aqueous medium, the alpha-rhamnosyl-beta-glucosidase was also able to transfer rutinose to other acceptors besides water, indicating its potential as biocatalyst for organic synthesis. The monoenzyme strategy of Acremonium sp. SES201 = DSM 24697, [corrected] as well as the enzyme substrate preference for 7-O-beta-flavonoid rutinosides, is unique characteristics among the microbial flavonoid deglycosylation systems reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mazzaferro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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Yang S, Wang L, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Li L. Hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides by a thermostable β-glucosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Overexpression of β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima for the production of highly purified aglycone isoflavones from soy flour. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morant AV, Bjarnholt N, Kragh ME, Kjaergaard CH, Jørgensen K, Paquette SM, Piotrowski M, Imberty A, Olsen CE, Møller BL, Bak S. The beta-glucosidases responsible for bioactivation of hydroxynitrile glucosides in Lotus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 147:1072-91. [PMID: 18467457 PMCID: PMC2442532 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus accumulates the hydroxynitrile glucosides lotaustralin, linamarin, and rhodiocyanosides A and D. Upon tissue disruption, the hydroxynitrile glucosides are bioactivated by hydrolysis by specific beta-glucosidases. A mixture of two hydroxynitrile glucoside-cleaving beta-glucosidases was isolated from L. japonicus leaves and identified by protein sequencing as LjBGD2 and LjBGD4. The isolated hydroxynitrile glucoside-cleaving beta-glucosidases preferentially hydrolyzed rhodiocyanoside A and lotaustralin, whereas linamarin was only slowly hydrolyzed, in agreement with measurements of their rate of degradation upon tissue disruption in L. japonicus leaves. Comparative homology modeling predicted that LjBGD2 and LjBGD4 had nearly identical overall topologies and substrate-binding pockets. Heterologous expression of LjBGD2 and LjBGD4 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enabled analysis of their individual substrate specificity profiles and confirmed that both LjBGD2 and LjBGD4 preferentially hydrolyze the hydroxynitrile glucosides present in L. japonicus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a third L. japonicus putative hydroxynitrile glucoside-cleaving beta-glucosidase, LjBGD7. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that LjBGD2 and LjBGD4 are expressed in aerial parts of young L. japonicus plants, while LjBGD7 is expressed exclusively in roots. The differential expression pattern of LjBGD2, LjBGD4, and LjBGD7 corresponds to the previously observed expression profile for CYP79D3 and CYP79D4, encoding the two cytochromes P450 that catalyze the first committed step in the biosyntheis of hydroxynitrile glucosides in L. japonicus, with CYP79D3 expression in aerial tissues and CYP79D4 expression in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vinther Morant
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Center for Molecular Plant Physiology and VKR Research Centre "Pro-Active Plants" , University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kato E, Sasaki T, Ueda M. Affinity purification and characterization of a key enzyme responsible for circadian rhythmic control of nyctinasty in Lespedeza cuneata L. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4600-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dai Y, He XJ, Zhou GX, Kurihara H, Ye WC, Yao XS. Acylphloroglucinol glycosides from the fruits of Pyracantha fortuneana. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:111-117. [PMID: 18253878 DOI: 10.1080/10286020601106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three new acylphloroglucinol glycosides, namely pyrafortunosides A (1), B (2) and C (3), together with three known glycosides (4-6), were isolated from the fruits of Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li. Their structures were established to be 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzophenone-6-O-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzophenone-6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-gluco-pyranoside (3), garcimangosone D (4), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) by spectral analysis. The three known glycosides (4-6) were obtained from this genus for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Chuankhayan P, Rimlumduan T, Tantanuch W, Mothong N, Kongsaeree PT, Metheenukul P, Svasti J, Jensen ON, Cairns JRK. Functional and structural differences between isoflavonoid β-glycosidases from Dalbergia sp. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 468:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chuankhayan P, Rimlumduan T, Svasti J, Cairns JRK. Hydrolysis of soybean isoflavonoid glycosides by Dalbergia beta-glucosidases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2407-12. [PMID: 17311399 DOI: 10.1021/jf062885p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two beta-glucosidases from the legumes Dalbergia cochinchinensis and Dalbergia nigrescens were compared for their ability to hydrolyze isoflavonoid glycosides from soybean. Both D. nigrescens and D. cochinchinensis beta-glucosidases could hydrolyze conjugated soybean glycosides, but D. nigrescens beta-glucosidase hydrolyzed both conjugated and nonconjugated glycosides in crude soybean extract more rapidly. The kinetic properties Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of the Dalbergia beta-glucosidases toward conjugated isoflavonoid glycosides, determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, confirmed the higher efficiency of the D. nigrescens beta-glucosidase in hydrolyzing these substrates. The D. nigrescens beta-glucosidase could also efficiently hydrolyze isoflavone glycosides in soy flour suspensions, suggesting its application to increase free isoflavones in soy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phimonphan Chuankhayan
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Toonkool P, Metheenukul P, Sujiwattanarat P, Paiboon P, Tongtubtim N, Ketudat-Cairns M, Ketudat-Cairns J, Svasti J. Expression and purification of dalcochinase, a β-glucosidase from Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre, in yeast and bacterial hosts. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48:195-204. [PMID: 16814564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The coding sequence of the mature dalcochinase, a beta-glucosidase from Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre, was cloned and expressed in various systems. Expression in Escherichia coli resulted in an insoluble protein, which could be made soluble by co-expression with bacterial chaperonin GroESL. However, the enzyme had no activity. Recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded an active enzyme. Dalcochinase was expressed under methanol induction in P. pastoris, since this was much more efficient than constitutive expression in P. pastoris or in S. cerevisiae. Addition of 0.5% casamino acids to the culture medium stabilized the pH of the culture and increased the protein yield by 3- to 5-folds. Insertion of a polyhistidine-tag either after the N-terminal alpha factor signal sequence or at the C-terminus failed to assist in purification by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) due to post-translational processing at both termini. A new construct of dalcochinase with an N-terminal truncation following the propeptide and eight histidine residues enabled its purification by IMAC, following hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified recombinant dalcochinase was apparently composed of differently post-translationally modified forms, but had kinetic properties and pH and temperature optima comparable to natural dalcochinase. The procedures reported here overcome the limitation in enzyme supply from natural sources, and allow further studies on structure-function relationships in this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachumporn Toonkool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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