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Lázaro Á, Frangiamone M, Maietti A, Cimbalo A, Vila-Donat P, Manyes L. Allium sativum L. var. Voghiera Reduces Aflatoxin B1 Bioaccessibility and Cytotoxicity In Vitro. Foods 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38338622 PMCID: PMC10855818 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the evaluation of AFB1's bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity in vitro using bread (naturally contaminated) enriched or not enriched with fresh Voghiera garlic (2%). Two different experiments were carried out: experiment 1 (E1), with low-AFB1-concentration breads (1.6-1.7 mg/kg); and experiment 2 (E2), with high-AFB1-concentration breads (96.4-102.7 mg/kg). Eight breads were prepared, four for E1 (experiment 1) and another four for E2 (experiment 2), with each experiment having a control group (C), a garlic-enriched group (2%) (G), an AFB1 group (A), and an AFB1 + garlic group (A + G). Simulated digestion was performed on each type of bread, and gastric and intestinal digests were obtained. AFB1 content in flours, baked bread, and gastric and intestinal digests was measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Fluorescence Detection. The results demonstrate dose-dependent AFB1 bioaccessibility and that the presence of garlic contributed to its reduction in both doses (7-8%). Moreover, garlic's presence in AFB1-contaminated bread increased cell viability (9-18%) in differentiated Caco-2 cells and mitigated the arrest of S and G2/M phases provoked by AFB1 on Jurkat T cells and reduced apoptosis/necrosis, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS by 16%, 71%, and 24% respectively. The inclusion of garlic as a functional ingredient helped relieve the presence and effects of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lázaro
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Annalisa Maietti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Science, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Pilar Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
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Burenjargal M, Narangerel T, Batmunkh T, Dong A, Idesh S. A review of the bioactive properties of Mongolian plants, with a focus on their potential as natural food preservatives. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5736-5752. [PMID: 37823130 PMCID: PMC10563759 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers have recently preferred food that is easy to make and of excellent quality, as well as food that is safe, natural, and minimally processed, but has a longer shelf life. Food deteriorates over time as a result of microbiological, chemical, or physical changes. Phytochemicals derived from medicinal and food plants have long been recognized for their biological activity to protect plants. These bioactivities are designed to increase the shelf life of food while inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The use of natural plant food preservatives containing bioactive compounds as health-promoting agents is particularly intriguing. Furthermore, due to their effectiveness against food spoilage and foodborne pathogens, natural plant-origin antimicrobial compounds have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial compounds for preserving food quality. This review focused on the plant composition and properties that can be utilized as a natural food preservative, as well as the possibilities of using Mongolian medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuya Narangerel
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Tuyagerel Batmunkh
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Saruul Idesh
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
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3
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Li N, Li S, Wang Q, Yang S, Hou Y, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Chen H. A novel visualization method for the composition analysis of processed garlic by MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry (MSI) and Q-TOF LC-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112746. [PMID: 37120200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a kind of vinegar processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) product with multiple health effects. This study applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MSI) and Q-TOF LC-MS/MS for the first time to investigate the garlic tissue spatial distribution changes of low molecular weight compounds during the Laba garlic processing. The distribution characteristics of the compounds were observed in processed and unprocessed garlic including amino acids and derivatives, organosulfur compounds, pigment precursors, polysaccharides and saponins. During Laba garlic processing, some bioactive compounds such as alliin and saponins were lost because they were transformed into other compounds or leached into the acetic acid solution, and some new compounds including pigments-related compounds occurred. This study provided a basis for the spatial distributions and changes of compounds in garlic tissue during Laba garlic processing, which suggested that the bioactivities of garlic might be changed after processing owing to the transformation and change of the constituents.
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Wang H, Zheng Q, Dong A, Wang J, Si J. Chemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Proposed Biosynthetic Pathways of Steroidal Saponins from Healthy Nutritious Vegetable- Allium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 37432450 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium is a common functional vegetable with edible and medicinal value. Allium plants have a special spicy taste, so they are often used as food and seasoning in people's diets. As a functional food, Allium also has abundant biological activities, some of which are used as drugs to treat diseases. By consuming Allium on a daily basis, people can receive active compounds of natural origin, thereby improving their health status and reducing the likelihood of disease. Steroidal saponins are important secondary metabolites of Allium, which are formed by the steroidal aglycone group and sugar. Steroidal saponins have various physiological activities, such as hypoglycemic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity inhibition, which is one of the key reasons why Allium has such significant health benefits. The structural diversity and rich biological activities of steroidal saponins make Allium important plants for both food and medicine. In this paper, the chemical structures, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins isolated from Allium are reviewed, and the biosynthetic pathways of some key compounds are proposed as well, to provide a molecular reference basis based on secondary metabolites for the health value of Allium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aijun Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
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Yen DTH, Lan HTT, Anh BTM, Van Kiem P, Tai BH, Huyen LT, Yen PH, Nhiem NX, Mai NT. One new furostane saponin from Allium ramosum and lipid accumulation inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:510-517. [PMID: 35876609 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2098728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new furostane saponin, ramosaponin (1), and four known furostane saponins, protodioscin (2), dehydrotomatoside (3), (25 R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), and anguivioside A (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of Allium ramosum seeds. Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic evidence and comparison with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for reduction of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cell line. As a result, compound 1 showed significant lipid accumulation inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 64.32 ± 3.87 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Hai Yen
- Institute of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Tuyet Lan
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Mai Anh
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Huyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 11416, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
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Compositional analysis and immunomodulatory activity of blue pigment fraction (BPF) from Laba garlic. Food Chem 2023; 406:134976. [PMID: 36455311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a kind of garlic (Allium sativum L.) product and blue pigment fraction (BPF) is the characteristic fraction of Laba garlic. The objective of the study was to isolate BPF from Laba garlic and explore its stability, composition, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity. The results suggested BPF was unstable under alkaline conditions. Twenty-four constituents including 9 peptides and 10 saponins were detected in BPF by Q Exactive HF LC/MS anlaysis. BPF showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. It also showed effective immunomodulatory activity at a concentration of 5 μg/mL at the cellular level and the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells changed to a polygonal and dendritic-like structure. BPF could significantly increase NO production (P < 0.05), and up-regulate the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and NF-κB in the RT-QPCR analysis. The present study systematically analyzed the compositions of BPF for the first time, and the results suggested that BPF might be a potential immunomodulator candidate, which is beneficial for the development and application of garlic products and natural pigments.
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Hu B, Hu H, Pu C, Peng D, Wei Z, Kuang H, Wang Q. New Ionone Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Allium sativum and Their Anti-Platelet Aggregation Activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2023. [PMID: 36513370 DOI: 10.1055/a-1997-5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The bulbs of Allium sativum known as garlic are widely used as food or seasoning. In China they have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since ancient times for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery. A. sativum has reportedly shown platelet aggregation inhibition and has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are only few studies focussing on the aerial parts, which are normally discarded during harvest. In this study, two new ionone glycosides, dasuanxinosides D and E (1, 2: ), are isolated from the aerial parts together with 13 known compounds including alkanes derivatives and alkyl glycosides (3 - 15: ), which are reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures are identified by extensive NMR and HRMS analyses. The isolated compounds are evaluated for their inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chuan Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ganzhou people's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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The efficacy of applying some plants and herbs in cancer therapy for humans and animals – a comperhensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer is a challenging ailment and represents the main reason for death worldwide for humans and animals. Although great developments have hindered cancer progression, several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy. Natural remedies, such as the usage of medicinal plant or their products in cancer treatment, may decrease prejudicial side properties. Recently, the modern research scheme and innovative screening practices for herbs or plants have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This criticism highlights herbs such as acacia, basil, black seeds, cedar, castus, ficus, garlic, ginger, indigo, onion, pomegranate, quince, and thyme, promising anticancer effects. The present review also revealed the mode of action of each herb as anticancer effects at level in vitro and in vivo studies. The item also totalizes the vital mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in preventing cancer diseases. This will fill the investigate gap in the exploration of using natural molecules and encourage researchers in clinical trials of anticancer agents from herbs for humans and animals.
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The Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tulbaghia, Allium, Crinum and Cyrtanthus: ‘Talented’ Taxa from the Amaryllidaceae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144475. [PMID: 35889346 PMCID: PMC9316996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaryllidaceae is a significant source of bioactive phytochemicals with a strong propensity to develop new drugs. The genera Allium, Tulbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum biosynthesize novel alkaloids and other phytochemicals with traditional and pharmacological uses. Amaryllidaceae biomolecules exhibit multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Traditionally, natural products from Amaryllidaceae are utilized to treat non-communicable and infectious human diseases. Galanthamine, a drug from this family, is clinically relevant in treating the neurocognitive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, which underscores the importance of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Although Amaryllidaceae provide a plethora of biologically active compounds, there is tardiness in their development into clinically pliable medicines. Other genera, including Cyrtanthus and Tulbaghia, have received little attention as potential sources of promising drug candidates. Given the reciprocal relationship of the increasing burden of human diseases and limited availability of medicinal therapies, more rapid drug discovery and development are desirable. To expedite clinically relevant drug development, we present here evidence on bioactive compounds from the genera Allium, Tulgbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum and describe their traditional and pharmacological applications.
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Ravindranath KJ, Mohaideen NSMH, Srinivasan H. Phytocompounds of Onion Target Heat Shock Proteins (HSP70s) to Control Breast Cancer Malignancy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4836-4851. [PMID: 35666379 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is one of the leading invasive cancers in women. Moreover, the use of chemotherapeutic drugs for treating cancer produces toxic side effects and has even led to drug resistance. This research paper focuses on targeting three heat shock proteins belonging to 70 kDa subfamily (HSP70s), predominantly, Mortalin, Binding Immunoglobulin Protein (BiP), and Stress Inducible HSP70 (Stress Inducible Heat Shock Protein 70) involved in breast cancer malignancy using different phytocompounds of onion. Phytocompounds of onion (ligands) obtained from different literature sources and the conventional drug, Tamoxifen (standard ligand), used for treating breast cancer are docked against three HSP70s (target proteins) through molecular docking. Molecular docking helps to determine protein-ligand interactions with minimum binding affinity. A comparative analysis revealed that fourteen phytocompounds of onion have lesser binding affinity and formed more stable complexes with the target proteins compared to that of the conventional drug. This evidence can be used and confirmed further through in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (animal models) studies, and then, these phytocompounds can be modulated efficiently as potential therapeutics for treating breast cancer with less or nearly no side effects. In Silico work represented here targets three heat shock proteins belonging to 70 kDa subfamily (HSP70s)-Mortalin, Binding Immunoglobulin Protein (BiP), and Stress Inducible HSP70 involved in breast cancer malignancy using different phytocompounds of onion to identify potential phytocompounds that can treat breast cancer with nearly no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunya Jenin Ravindranath
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | | | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India.
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Microbial Deterioration of the Archaeological Nujoumi Dome (Egypt-Aswan): Identification and Suggested Control Treatments by Natural Products. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodeterioration plays a significant role in the damage and loss of monuments including gypsum work. Bacteria and fungi are mainly responsible for the biodeterioration of gypsum work. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils (Thyme, clove, cinnamon, garlic, castor, and olive) on the growth of the main fungi and bacteria which isolated from the Nujoumi Dome which is also called the Dome of the Toshka Martyrs and is located in Aswan, Egypt. Microbial swabs were taken from these infected objects, and the isolated microorganisms were characterized. The next genera were identified: four fungal isolates were isolated and identified as Aspergillus japonicas, Aspergillus terrus, Penicillium commune, and Cladosporium elatum while two species of bacteria were isolated, identified as Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes. Garlic oil had the best effect on all isolates, showing 35 and 33 mm inhibition of growth of Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively, while 28 mm inhabitation of growth of Penicillium commune, 25 mm inhibition of Aspergillus japonicas, and finally 20 mm inhibition of both Aspergillus terrus and Cladosporium elatum. In conclusion, garlic oil could be an effective natural product for controlling the biodeterioration.
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Yan JK, Zhu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang H, Li L. Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8107-8135. [PMID: 35343832 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (FVs) have long been a major source of nutrients and dietary phytochemicals with outstanding physiological properties that are essential for protecting humans from chronic diseases. Moreover, the growing demand of consumers for nutritious and healthy foods is greatly promoting the increased intake of FVs. Allium (Alliaceae) is a perennial bulb plant genus of the Liliaceae family. They are customarily utilized as vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plants and have an important role in agriculture, aquaculture, and the pharmaceutical industry. Allium plants produce abundant secondary metabolites, such as organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Accordingly, Allium plants possess a variety of nutritional, biological, and health-promoting properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, immunoregulatory, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to highlight the advances in the research on the bioactive components, physiological activities and clinical trials, toxicological assessment for safety, and applications of different Allium plants. It also aims to cover the direction of future research on the Allium genus. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of Allium plants in the fields of functional foods, medicine, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
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14
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Hu B, Hu H, Pu C, Wei Z, Wang Q, Kuang H. Three new flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Allium sativum L. and their anti-platelet aggregation assessment. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5940-5949. [PMID: 35263203 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2047045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new flavonoid glycosides, Dasuanxinoside F-H (1-3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Allium sativum, together with eight known compounds which were firstly reported in this plant, including three flavonoid glycosides (4-6) and five phenylethanoid glycosides (7-11). Their structures were identified by UV-vis, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as HR-ESI-MS analyses. The inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that most compounds displayed different degrees of inhibition. Among them, 2, 5, 8 and 9 exhibited the strongest activity on platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chuan Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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15
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Harmatha J, Buděšínský M, Zídek Z, Kmoníčková E. Spirostanol Saponins from Flowers of Allium Porrum and Related Compounds Indicating Cytotoxic Activity and Affecting Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Effect in Peritoneal Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:6533. [PMID: 34770942 PMCID: PMC8587756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins, a diverse group of natural compounds, offer an interesting pool of derivatives with biomedical application. In this study, three structurally related spirostanol saponins were isolated and identified from the leek flowers of Allium porrum L. (garden leek). Two of them were identical with the already known leek plant constituents: aginoside (1) and 6-deoxyaginoside (2). The third one was identified as new component of A. porrum; however, it was found identical with yayoisaponin A (3) obtained earlier from a mutant of elephant garlic Allium ampeloprasun L. It is a derivative of the aginoside (1) with additional glucose in its glycosidic chain, identified by MS and NMR analysis as (2α, 3β, 6β, 25R)-2,6-dihydroxyspirostan-3-yl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside, previously reported also under the name alliporin. The leek native saponins were tested together with other known and structurally related saponins (tomatonin and digitonin) and with their related aglycones (agigenin and diosgenin) for in vitro cytotoxicity and for effects on NO production in mouse peritoneal cells. The highest inhibitory effects were exhibited by 6-deoxyaginoside. The obtained toxicity data, however, closely correlated with the suppression of NO production. Therefore, an unambiguous linking of obtained bioactivities of saponins with their expected immunobiological properties remained uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Harmatha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Zídek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (Z.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (Z.Z.); (E.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Geng P, Chen P, Lin LZ, Sun J, Harrington P, Harnly JM. Classification of structural characteristics facilitate identifying steroidal saponins in Alliums using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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A High-Content Screen for the Identification of Plant Extracts with Insulin Secretion-Modulating Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080809. [PMID: 34451906 PMCID: PMC8402219 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plant compounds and extracts are of special interest for the development of pharmaceuticals. Here, we describe the screening of more than 1100 aqueous plant extracts and synthetic reference compounds for their ability to stimulate or inhibit insulin secretion. To quantify insulin secretion in living MIN6 β cells, an insulin–Gaussia luciferase (Ins-GLuc) biosensor was used. Positive hits included extracts from Quillaja saponaria, Anagallis arvensis, Sapindus mukorossi, Gleditsia sinensis and Albizia julibrissin, which were identified as insulin secretion stimulators, whereas extracts of Acacia catechu, Myrtus communis, Actaea spicata L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Calendula officinalis were found to exhibit insulin secretion inhibitory properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to characterize several bioactive compounds in the selected plant extracts, and these bioactives were retested for their insulin-modulating properties. Overall, we identified several plant extracts and some of their bioactive compounds that may be used to manipulate pancreatic insulin secretion.
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18
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Bontempo P, Stiuso P, Lama S, Napolitano A, Piacente S, Altucci L, Molinari AM, De Masi L, Rigano D. Metabolite Profile and In Vitro Beneficial Effects of Black Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Polar Extract. Nutrients 2021; 13:2771. [PMID: 34444931 PMCID: PMC8398518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, humans have traditionally used garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a food ingredient (spice) and remedy for many diseases. To confirm this, many extensive studies recognized the therapeutic effects of garlic bulbs. More recently, black garlic (BG), made by heat-ageing white garlic bulbs, has increased its popularity in cuisine and traditional medicine around the world, but there is still limited information on its composition and potential beneficial effects. In this study, the metabolite profile of methanol extract of BG (BGE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in high-resolution mode. Results allowed to establish that BGE major components were sulfur derivatives, saccharides, peptides, organic acids, a phenylpropanoid derivative, saponins, and compounds typical of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Characterization of the BGE action in cancer cells revealed that antioxidant, metabolic, and hepatoprotective effects occur upon treatment as well as induction of maturation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. These results are interesting from the impact point of view of BG consumption as a functional food for potential prevention of metabolic and tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefania Lama
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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19
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Abdelrahman M, Hirata S, Mukae T, Yamada T, Sawada Y, El-Syaed M, Yamada Y, Sato M, Hirai MY, Shigyo M. Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling in Genetic Resources of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Collected from Different Geographical Regions. Molecules 2021; 26:1415. [PMID: 33807861 PMCID: PMC7962061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is the second most important Allium crop that has been used as a vegetable and condiment from ancient times due to its characteristic flavor and taste. Although garlic is a sterile plant that reproduces vegetatively through cloves, garlic shows high biodiversity, as well as phenotypic plasticity and environmental adaptation capacity. To determine the possible mechanism underlying this phenomenon and to provide new genetic materials for the development of a novel garlic cultivar with useful agronomic traits, the metabolic profiles in the leaf tissue of 30 garlic accessions collected from different geographical regions, with a special focus on the Asian region, were investigated using LC/MS. In addition, the total saponin and fructan contents in the roots and cloves of the investigated garlic accessions were also evaluated. Total saponin and fructan contents did not separate the garlic accessions based on their geographical origin, implying that saponin and fructan contents were clone-specific and agroclimatic changes have affected the quantitative and qualitative levels of saponins in garlic over a long history of cultivation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram clustering of the LC/MS-based metabolite profiling showed two major clusters. Specifically, many Japanese and Central Asia accessions were grouped in cluster I and showed high accumulations of flavonol glucosides, alliin, and methiin. On the other hand, garlic accessions grouped in cluster II exhibited a high accumulation of anthocyanin glucosides and amino acids. Although most of the accessions were not separated based on country of origin, the Central Asia accessions were clustered in one group, implying that these accessions exhibited distinct metabolic profiles. The present study provides useful information that can be used for germplasm selection and the development of new garlic varieties with beneficial biotic and abiotic stress-adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Sho Hirata
- Laboratory of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Kasuya, Fukuoka 811-2307, Japan;
| | - Takuya Mukae
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crop Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, College of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Yamada
- Allium Unit, Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan;
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Magdi El-Syaed
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Field of Advanced Basic Sciences, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Egypt;
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Shigyo
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crop Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, College of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
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20
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Hu G, Cai K, Li Y, Hui T, Wang Z, Chen C, Xu B, Zhang D. Significant inhibition of garlic essential oilon benzo[a]pyrene formation in charcoal-grilled pork sausagesrelates to sulfide compounds. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110127. [PMID: 33641994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To addgarlic more conveniently, the substitute-garlic essential oil(GEO)is wildly applied in meat product for flavor improvement. However, the effects of GEOon chemical hazard formation, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in meat processing have not been studied. This study focused on the inhibitory effect of garlic (0.05-0.15%, w/w), GEO (0.002-0.006%, w/w) and the active sulfide compounds (0.006%, w/w) on the formation of BaP in charcoal-grilled pork sausages. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the garlic, GEO and sulfide compounds was also determined. The results showed that the garlic was efficient in the decrease of DPPH free radicals (14.91-23.39%) and BaP content (37.2-62.3%). GEO was also efficient in scavenging DPPH free radicals (14.17-26.20%) and reducing BaP formation (29.1-57.1%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis identified a total of 41 compounds, of which six major sulfide compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide) were screened to assess their inhibition of BaP generation. The BaP inhibition of these sulfide compounds were dependent on the number of sulfur (-S-) and thioallyl group (-S-CH2-CH═CH2); and allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) showed the highest BaP inhibition (63.3%). A significant correlation was found between their BaP inhibition and DPPH scavenging activity (Spearman correlation = 0.91, P < 0.001), which indicates that the mechanism of sulfides influencing BaP formation in grilling sausage is related to free radical reaction. Our research gives an insight into the theoretical basis about application of GEO to inhibit BaP during food processing and supports use of GEO as a natural additive in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezhou Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Hui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Conggui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sadeghi M, Moradi M, Madanchi H, Johari B. In silico study of garlic ( Allium sativum L.)-derived compounds molecular interactions with α-glucosidase. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:11. [PMID: 33457179 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by elevated blood glucose. The α-glucosidase enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. This in silico study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds from Allium sativum L. on α-glucosidase. At first, sulfur and phenolic compounds of A. sativum L. were obtained from PubChem database, and α-glucosidase enzyme structure was obtained from Protein Data Bank. Toxicity class of compounds and the Lipinski parameter were predicted by Toxtree and Protox II and the Swiss ADME tools, respectively. Finally, the molecular interaction analysis between α-glucosidase and compounds from A. sativum L. was performed by AutoDock 4.2.6. Molecular interactions were investigated using Discovery Studio Visulizer and Ligplot 2.1 program. All of the selected sulfur and phenolic compounds from A. sativum L. followed the Lipinski's rules, had an acceptable binding energy, and lacked toxicity; therefore, they were appropriate candidates for α-glucosidase inhibition. Among these compounds, methionol and caffeic acid showed the lowest binding energy, and the highest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase enzyme with - 3.9 and - 4.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds also indicated the lower binding energy than the standard inhibitor (miglitol). Among the sulfur and phenolic compounds in A. sativum L., methionol and caffeic acid were predicted to be the powerful inhibitors, due to having more hydrogen binds and hydrophobic interactions with the active site of α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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22
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Transcriptome and phytochemical analyses provide insights into the organic sulfur pathway in Allium hirtifolium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:768. [PMID: 33436989 PMCID: PMC7804154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium is one of the well-known genera of the Amaryllidaceae family, which contains over 780 species. Onions, garlic, leeks, and shallots are the most important species of this genus. Allium hirtifolium (shallot) is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and bioactive compounds such as organic sulfur compounds with an expansive range of biological activities and medicinal attributes. To identify the putative compounds and genes involved in the organic sulfur pathway, we applied GC-MS and RNA-seq techniques for the bulb, stem, and flower tissues of A. hirtifolium. The essential oil analysis revealed the maximum amount of sulfur compounds in stem against flower and bulb tissues. Transcriptome profiling showed 6155, 6494, and 4259 DEGs for bulb vs. flower, bulb vs. stem, and flower vs. stem, respectively. Overall, more genes were identified as being up-regulated rather than down-regulated in flower tissue compared to the stem and bulb tissues. Our findings in accordance with other results from different papers, suggest that carbohydrates are vital to bulb formation and development because a high number of identified DEGs (586 genes) were mapped to carbohydrate metabolism. This study has detected the genes in the organic sulfur pathway and indicated that the alliinase gene shows a high variability among different tissues. In general, this study formed a useful genomic resource data to explore tissue-specific sulfur pathway in A. hirtifolium, which is helpful for functional breeding.
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23
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De Greef D, Barton EM, Sandberg EN, Croley CR, Pumarol J, Wong TL, Das N, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:219-264. [PMID: 33301861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Barton
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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24
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Anti-adipogenic Effect of β-Carboline Alkaloids from Garlic ( Allium sativum). Foods 2019; 8:foods8120673. [PMID: 31842405 PMCID: PMC6963209 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is utilized worldwide for culinary and medicinal use and has diverse health benefits. As part of our ongoing research to identify bioactive components from natural resources, phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of garlic led to the isolation and characterization of six compounds: Three eugenol diglycosides (1-3) and three β-carboline alkaloids (4-6). In particular, the absolute configurations of β-carboline alkaloids (5 and 6) were established by gauge-including atomic orbital nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift calculations, followed by DP4+ analysis. Here, we evaluated the effects of compounds 1-6 on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was evaluated using Oil Red O staining; the expression of adipogenic genes was detected using RT-qPCR. Among compounds 1-6, (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (6) inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis and reduced the expression of adipogenic genes (Fabp4, PPARγ, C/EBPβ, Adipsin, and Adipoq). Moreover, it markedly decreased the actylation of α-tubulin, which is crucial for cytoskeletal remodeling during adipogenesis. Anti-adipogenic effects were observed upon treatment with compound 6, not only during the entire process, but also on the first two days of adipogenesis. Additionally, treatment with compound 6 regulated the expression of genes involved in adipocyte lipid metabolism, decreasing the lipogenic gene (SREBP1) and increasing lipolytic genes (ATGL and HSL). We provide experimental evidence of the health benefits of using (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid obtained from garlic to prevent excessive adipogenesis in obesity.
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25
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Hussain M, Debnath B, Qasim M, Bamisile BS, Islam W, Hameed MS, Wang L, Qiu D. Role of Saponins in Plant Defense Against Specialist Herbivores. Molecules 2019; 24:E2067. [PMID: 31151268 PMCID: PMC6600540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a very destructive crucifer-specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. DBM is well attracted to glucosinolates (which act as fingerprints and essential for herbivores in host plant recognition) containing crucifers such as wintercress, Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) despite poor larval survival on it due to high-to-low concentration of saponins and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinulates which are used in plant defense. Aside glucosinolates, Barbarea genus also contains triterpenoid saponins, which are toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant specialist herbivores (such as DBM). Previous studies have found interesting relationship between the host plant and secondary metabolite contents, which indicate that attraction or resistance to specialist herbivore DBM, is due to higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins in younger leaves in contrast to the older leaves of Barbarea genus. As a response to this phenomenon, herbivores as DBM has developed a strategy of defense against these plant biochemicals. Because there is a lack of full knowledge in understanding bioactive molecules (such as saponins) role in plant defense against plant herbivores. Thus, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary plant metabolites in plant defense mechanisms against the specialist herbivores. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring these bioactive molecules against herbivore to cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100058, China.
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Muhammad Salman Hameed
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium sativum Cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:9302840. [PMID: 30598664 PMCID: PMC6288568 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9302840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial activities of two different samples of Allium sativum L. from Turkey (TR) (Taşköprü, Kastamonu, Turkey) and China (CN) were determined. A broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (17 bacteria) including species of Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus were used for testing antibacterial activity. In addition, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was also investigated. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using 3 different processes (chopping, freezing, and slicing by the disk diffusion method). The results showed that TR garlic presented more antimicrobial activity than CN garlic. Mechanism of activity of CN garlic could be proposed to be different from that of TR garlic.
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de Falco B, Bonanomi G, Lanzotti V. Dithiosulfinates and Sulfoxides with Antifungal Activity from Bulbs of Allium sativum L. var. Voghiera. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioassay guided phytochemical analysis of the bulbs of Allium sativum L. var. Voghiera, typical of Voghiera, Ferrara (Italy), allowed the isolation of six new sulfur compounds with dithiosulfinates and sulfoxides functionalities. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out by spectroscopic analyses, including NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. Compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity towards two fungal species, the air-borne pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Falco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
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29
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Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu Y, Li A, Jiang X, Zhu X, Feng X, Sun X, Zhao Z. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies of allyl methyl disulfide in rats. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:90-97. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1419309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Ang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China,
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, Jinan, Shandong, China, and
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Rachel Vasanthi AH, Mansingh D, Dalpati N, Sali V. Alliin the precursor of allicin in garlic extract mitigates proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells by modulating apoptosis. Pharmacogn Mag 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_342_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Petropoulos S, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Ciric A, Sokovic M, Ferreira ICFR. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of various Greek garlic genotypes. Food Chem 2017; 245:7-12. [PMID: 29287429 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show a significant variation in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties between the various garlic genotypes mostly due to differences in chemical composition and bioactive compounds content. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of garlics collected from the main cultivation areas of Greece, as well as to correlate this activity with their total phenolics content. Genotype G5 showed the highest total phenolics content, which was significantly correlated with the lowest EC50 values for all the tested antioxidant activity assays. Antimicrobial activity was significant, especially against the bacteria Proteus mirabilis and Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli. In conclusion, significant variation was observed between the studied garlic genotypes, indicating the importance of both growing conditions and genotype on bioactive properties of dry garlic bulbs. This variation could be further exploited in breeding programs in order to select elite genotypes with increased bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece.
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Ciric
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandoña J, Castillo P, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1359. [PMID: 28825644 PMCID: PMC6152257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to determine the distribution of sulfur compounds and saponin metabolites in different parts of garlic cloves. Three fractions from purple and white garlic ecotypes were obtained: the tunic (SS), internal (IS) and external (ES) parts of the clove. Liquid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), together with bioinformatics including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering (HCL) and correlation network analyses were carried out. Results showed that the distribution of these metabolites in the different parts of garlic bulbs was different for the purple and the white ecotypes, with the main difference being a slightly higher number of sulfur compounds in purple garlic. The SS fraction in purple garlic had a higher content of sulfur metabolites, while the ES in white garlic was more enriched by these compounds. The correlation network indicated that diallyl disulfide was the most relevant metabolite with regards to sulfur compound metabolism in garlic. The total number of saponins was almost 40-fold higher in purple garlic than in the white variety, with ES having the highest content. Interestingly, five saponins including desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, proto-desgalactotigonin, proto-desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, voghieroside D1, sativoside B1-rhamnose and sativoside R1 were exclusive to the purple variety. Data obtained from saponin analyses revealed a very different network between white and purple garlic, thus suggesting a very robust and tight coregulation of saponin metabolism in garlic. Findings in this study point to the possibility of using tunics from purple garlic in the food and medical industries, since it contains many functional compounds which can be exploited as ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Javier Argandoña
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Purificación Castillo
- Coopaman S.C.L., Departamento I+D, Carretera Peñas De San Pedro, km 1.6, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Tecnológico de la Fábrica de Armas, Avda, Carlos III, s/n, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, Pu X, Du J, Yang X, Yang T, Yang S. Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9402849. [PMID: 28261311 PMCID: PMC5316450 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9402849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007-2016. Allium genus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results support Allium genus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yunnan, Yuxi 653106, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
- Kunming Tiankang Science & Technology Limited Company, Yunnan, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Juan Du
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
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An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:149-56. [PMID: 26531218 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to confirm the protective effects of garlic saponins against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Relative cell viability was determined by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Comet assay was used to measure DNA damage and oxidative stress was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown were used in order to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that garlic saponins prevented hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS. We also observed that garlic saponins prevented H2O2-induced comet tail formation and decreased the phosphorylation levels of γH2AX expression, suggesting that they can prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage. In addition, garlic saponins increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. However, the protective effects of garlic saponins on H2O2-induced ROS generation and growth inhibition were significantly reduced by zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. In addition, the potential of garlic saponins to mediate HO-1 induction and protect against H2O2‑mediated growth inhibition was adversely affected by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA. Garlic saponins activated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas a specific ERK inhibitor was able to inhibit HO-1 upregulation, as well as Nrf2 induction and phosphorylation. Taken together, the findings of our study suggest that garlic saponins activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by enabling ERK to contribute to the induction of phase Ⅱ antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, including HO-1 in C2C12 cells.
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Sadeghi M, Zolfaghari B, Troiano R, Lanzotti V. 3-Keto umbilicagenin A and B, new sapogenins from Allium umbilicatum Boiss. Fitoterapia 2015; 102:198-202. [PMID: 25579389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two sapogenins, named 3-keto umbilicagenin A and B (1 and 2), possessing a novel chemical structure with a 3-keto group on the spirostane skeleton, have been isolated from Allium umbilicatum Boiss. Their chemical structure has been established through a combination of extensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, and chemical methods as (25R)-3-keto-spirostan-2α,5α,6β-triol (1) and (25R)-3-keto-spirostan-2α,5α-diol (2). The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity on J-774, murine monocyte/macrophage, and WEHI-164, murine fibrosarcoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Raffaele Troiano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
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Josipović R, Knežević ZM, Frece J, Markov K, Kazazić S, Mrvčić J. Improved Properties and Microbiological Safety of Novel Cottage Cheese Containing Spices. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:454-462. [PMID: 27904380 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on developing novel cottage cheese containing spices with acceptable sensory properties, increased biological value and extended shelf life. Thirty types of cheese with added fresh or dried parsley, dill, pepper, garlic and rosemary were produced. Characterisation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of spices and cheese samples were evaluated. The cheese containing fresh pepper and fresh and dried herbs showed excellent sensory properties, with the best results obtained with fresh sweet red pepper. Dry rosemary had the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity due to high mass fractions of caffeic and rosmarinic acids as well as high mass fractions of flavones and phenolic diterpenes. The plant extracts examined in vitro and in situ effectively reduce numbers of foodborne pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and therefore have potential as natural preservatives and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Josipović
- Institute of Public Health of Brod-Posavina County, Vladimira Nazora 2A,
HR-35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | | | - Jadranka Frece
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,
Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Markov
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,
Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kazazić
- Laboratory for Chemical Kinetics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Ruder Bošković Institute,
Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Mrvčić
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,
Pierottijeva 6,HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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The anti-dermatophyte activity of Allium hirtifolium Boiss aqueous extract. J Mycol Med 2014; 25:e10-4. [PMID: 25456419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt at demonstrating the efficacy of Allium hirtifolium aqueous extract in control of skin fungal infections as traditional use, we evaluated the anti-dermatophyte activities of A. hirtifolium aqueous extract from bulbs and of ketoconazole against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton schoenleinii and Trichophyton verrucosum var. album by food poisoning technique, disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. The anti-fungal activity of A. hirtifolium was excellent when it was compared with ketoconazole. The anti-fungal evaluation by food poisoning method showed that A. hirtifolium extract inhibited the growth of dermatophytes dose-dependently. The inhibition zone diameter (IZ) of A. hirtifolium extract (15 μg/disc) was in the range of 28.8 ± 0.31 to 67.7 ± 1.5mm, while ketoconazole (15 μg/disc) had the IZ lower than 13mm. The MIC and MFC values of A. hirtifolium extract were in the range of 0.2-1.7 and 0.4-0.7 μg/mL; respectively. Therefore, A. hirtifolium extract showed a strong anti-fungal activity against human and animal dermatophytes.
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Sobolewska D, Michalska K, Podolak I, Grabowska K. Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 15:1-35. [PMID: 26893594 PMCID: PMC4735241 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely distributed among monocots, including the Amaryllidaceae family to which the Allium genus is currently classified. Apart from sulfur compounds, these are important biologically active molecules that are considered to be responsible for the observed activity of Allium species, including antifungal, cytotoxic, enzyme-inhibitory, and other. In this paper, literature data concerning chemistry and biological activity of steroidal saponins from the Allium genus has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
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The protective effect of aged garlic extract on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric inflammations in male albino rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:759642. [PMID: 24876878 PMCID: PMC4021990 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have long gained wide acceptance among the public and scientific community in the gastrointestinal ulcerative field. The present study explore the potential effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on indomethacin-(IN-) induced gastric inflammation in male rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 8) control group, IN-induced gastric inflammation group via oral single dose (30 mg/kg to fasted rats) two AGE orally administered groups (100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days) two AGE orally administered groups to rats pretreated with IN at the same aforementioned doses. The results declared the more potent effect of the higher AGE dose (200 mg/kg) as compared to that of the 100 mg/kg dose in the gastroprotective effects reflected by significant gastric mucosal healing of damage and reduction in the total microbial induced due to indomethacin administration. In addition to the significant effect to normalize the significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) values, and the significant decrease in the total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) values induced by indomethacin. The results support AGE antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potency reflected by the healing of the gastric tissue damage induced by indomethacin.
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Cavero RY, Akerreta S, Calvo MI. Medicinal plants used for dermatological affections in Navarra and their pharmacological validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:533-542. [PMID: 23892205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This paper provides significant ethnopharmacological information on plant used in dermatological affections in Navarra. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information was collected using semi-structured ethnobotanical interviews with 667 informants (mean age 72; 55.47% women, 44.53% men) in 265 locations. In order to confirm the pharmacological validation of the uses reports, the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP), German Commission E, World Health Organization (WHO), European Medicines Agency (EMA), European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and Real Farmacopea Española (RFE) monographs have been revised. A literature review has been carried out with the plants without monograph and high frequency citations, using a new tool of the University of Navarra, UNIKA. RESULTS A total of 982 pharmaceutical uses are reported from the informants, belonging to 91 plants and 42 families, mainly represented by Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Crassulaceae. The most frequently used parts of the plants are aerial parts followed by leaves and inflorescences. Seventeen out of 91 plants (19%) and 148 of 982 popular uses (15%), have already been pharmacologically validated. CONCLUSIONS The authors propose seven species for their validation (Allium cepa, Sambucus nigra, Hylotelephium maximum, Chelidonium majus, Ficus carica, Allium sativum and Anagallis arvensis).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Cavero
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Sadeghi M, Zolfaghari B, Senatore M, Lanzotti V. Spirostane, furostane and cholestane saponins from Persian leek with antifungal activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:1512-21. [PMID: 23790946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Persian leek afforded the isolation of two new spirostane glycosides, persicosides A (1) and B (2), four new furostane glycosides, isolated as a couple of inseparable mixture, persicosides C1/C2 (3a/3b) and D1/D2 (4a/4b), one cholestane glycoside, persicoside E (5), together with the furostane glycosides ceposides A1/A2 and C1/C2 (6a/6b and 7a/7b), tropeosides A1/A2 and B1/B2 (8a/8b and 9a/9b), and ascalonicoside A1/A2 (10a/10b), already described in white onion, red Tropea onion, and shallot, respectively. Structure elucidation of the compounds was carried out by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry, and by chemical evidences. The chemical structure of new compounds were identified as (25S)-spirostan-2α,3β,6β-triol 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)] [β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1), (25S)-spirostan-2α,3β,6β-triol 3-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)] [α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), furosta-1β,3β,22ξ,26-tetraol 5-en 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl 26-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (3a,3b), furosta-2α,3β,22ξ,26-tetraol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl 26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4a,4b), (22S)-cholesta-1β,3β,16β,22β-tetraol 5-en 1-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl 16-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (5). Antifungal activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against the fungal pathogens, Penicillium italicum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum and Botrytis cinerea. Persicosides A and B showed the higher activity on the tested fungi highlighting the positive effect of the spirostane skeleton on the antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vavilosides A1/A2-B1/B2, new furostane glycosides from the bulbs of Allium vavilovii with cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1905-10. [PMID: 23415085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical analysis of the bulbs of Allium vavilovii M. Pop. & Vved. was attained for the first time extensively, affording to the isolation of four new furostanol saponins, named vavilosides A1/A2-B1/B2 (1a/b-2a/2b), as two couple of isomers in equilibrium, together with ascalonicoside A1/A2 (3a/3b) and 22-O-methyl ascalonicoside A1/A2 (4a/4b), previously isolated from shallot, Allium ascalonicum. High concentrations of kaempferol, kaempferide, and kaempferol 4(I)-glucoside were also isolated. The chemical structures of the new compounds, established through a combination of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical analyses, were identified as (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl 26-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (vaviloside A1), (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22β,26-tetraol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl 26-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (vaviloside A2), (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl 26-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (vaviloside B1), (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22β,26-tetraol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl 26-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (vaviloside B2). The isolated saponins showed cytotoxic activity on J-774, murine monocyte/macrophage, and WEHI-164, murine fibrosarcoma, cell lines with the following rank: vaviloside B1/B2>ascalonicoside A1/A2>vaviloside A1/A2.
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