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Tirgar P, Vekaria M, Raval K. Pre-clinical Evaluation of Karanjin Against DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Through Modulation of SMAR1 and CDP/CUx genes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03389-w. [PMID: 39177785 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the chemoprotective potential of karanjin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six female rats were utilized for the study. Breast cancer was induced through a subcutaneous injection of 35 mg/kg DMBA. The animals were allocated to six groups. Three groups were allocated for karanjin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg), and received daily treatment for 20 weeks (including 2 weeks as pre-treatment). Doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) was administered to the standard control group twice a week for 20 weeks. The disease control (DC) and normal control (NC) groups received daily treatment with saline. After the treatment, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters were estimated. CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox (CUP/Cux) and scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1 (SMAR1) expression levels were measured through gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to estimate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). RESULTS Tumor growth reduced significantly (P-value < 0.01) in karanjin-treated animals compared to the DC group. Karanjin significantly (P-value < 0.01) regulated the levels of oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters compared to the DC group. Karanjin treatment significantly (P-value < 0.001) regulated the expression levels of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux. A notable reduction in the IHC scores was observed for ER, PR, and HER2 expression in karanjin groups. CONCLUSION Karanjin demonstrated chemoprotective activity against DMBA-induced breast cancer in animals potentially through modulation of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux gene expression and reduction of ER, PR and HER2 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Tirgar
- School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Keval Raval
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Mujtaba MA, Gangane P, Ali A, Chaudhari S, Kaleem M, More S, Shahzad N, Elhassan GO, Anwer MK. Karanjin-loaded soya lecithin-based ethosomal nanogel for the therapeutic intervention of psoriasis: formulation development, factorial design based-optimization, in vitroand in vivoassessment. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055012. [PMID: 38955335 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and optimize karanjin-loaded ethosomal nanogel formulation and evaluate its efficacy in alleviating symptoms of psoriasis in an animal model induced by imiquimod. These karanjin-loaded ethosomal nanogel, were formulated to enhance drug penetration into the skin and its epidermal retention. Karanjin was taken to formulate ethosomes due to its potential ani-psoriatic activity. Ethosomes were formulated using the cold method using 32full factorial designs to optimize the formulation components. 9 batches were prepared using two independent variablesX1: concentration of ethanol andX2: concentration of phospholipid whereas vesicle size (Y1) and percentage entrapment efficiency (Y2) were selected as dependent variables. All the dependent variables were found to be statistically significant. The optimized ethosomal suspension (B3) exhibited a vesicle size of 334 ± 2.89 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 94.88 ± 1.24% and showed good stability. The morphology of vesicles appeared spherical with smooth surfaces through transmission electron microscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the drug existed in an amorphous state within the ethosomal formulation. The optimized ethosome was incorporated into carbopol 934 to develop nanogel for easy application on the skin. The nanogel underwent characterization for various parameters including spreadability, viscosity, pH, extrudability, and percentage drug content. The ethosomal formulation remarkably enhanced the skin permeation of karanjin and increased epidermal retention of the drug in psoriatic skin compared to marketed preparation and pure drug. A skin retention study showed that ethosomal nanogel formulation has 48.33% epidermal retention in 6 h.In vivo,the anti-psoriatic activity of karanjin ethosomal nanogel demonstrated significant improvement in psoriasis, indicated by a gradual decrease in skin thickness and scaling as reflected in the Psoriasis Severity Index grading. Therefore, the prepared ethosomal nanogel is a potential vehicle for improved topical delivery of karanjin for better treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Purushottam Gangane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubham Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Sachin More
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Osman Elhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Nag S, Stany B, Mishra S, Kumar S, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Mathew B, Subramaniyan V. Multireceptor Analysis for Evaluating the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Karanjin: A Computational Approach. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e509. [PMID: 38982323 PMCID: PMC11233261 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, notably type 2, is a rising global health challenge, prompting the need for effective management strategies. Common medications such as metformin, insulin, repaglinide and sitagliptin can induce side effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, hypoglycemia, weight gain and specific organ risks. Plant-derived therapies like Karanjin from Pongamia pinnata present promising alternatives due to their historical use, holistic health benefits and potentially fewer adverse effects. This study employs in silico analysis to explore Karanjin's interactions with diabetes-associated receptors, aiming to unveil its therapeutic potential while addressing the limitations and side effects associated with conventional medications. METHODOLOGY The research encompassed the selection of proteins from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), followed by structural refinement processes and optimization. Ligands such as Karanjin and standard drugs were retrieved from PubChem, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their ADMET profiling and pharmacokinetic properties. Protein-ligand interactions were evaluated through molecular docking using AutoDockTools 1.5.7, followed by the analysis of structural stability using coarse-grained simulations with CABS Flex 2.0. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using Desmond 7.2 and the OPLS4 force field to explore how Karanjin interacts with proteins over 100 nanoseconds, focusing on the dynamics and structural stability. RESULTS Karanjin, a phytochemical from Pongamia pinnata, shows superior drug candidate potential compared to common medications, offering advantages in efficacy and reduced side effects. It adheres to drug-likeness criteria and exhibits optimal ADMET properties, including moderate solubility, high gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier penetration. Molecular docking revealed Karanjin's highest binding energy against receptor 3L2M (Pig pancreatic alpha-amylase) at -9.1 kcal/mol, indicating strong efficacy potential. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable ligand-protein complexes with minor fluctuations in RMSD and RMSF, suggesting robust interactions with receptors 3L2M. CONCLUSION Karanjin demonstrates potential in pharmaceutical expansion for treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes, as supported by computational analysis. Prospects for Karanjin in pharmaceutical development include structural modifications for enhanced efficacy and safety. Nanoencapsulation may improve bioavailability and targeted delivery to pancreatic cells, while combination therapies could optimize treatment outcomes in diabetes management. Clinical trials and experimental studies are crucial to validate its potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B Stany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shatakshi Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhang C, Ma J, Liu C, Yan X. The protective effect of karanjin against sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice is involved in the suppression of the TLR4 pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14579. [PMID: 39013775 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe complication of sepsis. Karanjin, a natural flavonoid compound, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory function, but its role in sepsis-stimulated ALI is uncertain. Herein, the effect of karanjin on sepsis-stimulated ALI was investigated. We built a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI. The histopathological morphology of lung tissues was scrutinized by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The lung injury score and lung wet/dry weight ratio were detected. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were scrutinized by commercial kits. Murine alveolar lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells were treated with LPS to mimic a cellular model of ALI. The cell viability was scrutinized by the CCK-8 assay. The contents of proinflammatory cytokines were scrutinized by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The TLR4 and MyD88 contents were scrutinized by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results showed that karanjin alleviated LPS-stimulated ALI in mice by inhibiting lung tissue lesions, edema, and oxidative stress. Moreover, karanjin inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation and TLR4 pathway activation in mice. However, treatment with GSK1795091, an agonist of TLR4, attenuated the effects of karanjin on LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, karanjin repressed LPS-stimulated inflammatory response and TLR4 pathway activation in MLE-12 cells. Overexpression of TLR4 attenuated karanjin effects on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in MLE-12 cells. In conclusion, karanjin repressed sepsis-stimulated ALI in mice by suppressing the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Juncong Ma
- Department of Emergency, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Rahman MM, Morshed MN, Adnan SM, Howlader MTH. Assessment of biorational larvicides and botanical oils against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in laboratory conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31453. [PMID: 38832263 PMCID: PMC11145214 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are known vectors that transmit deadly diseases to millions of people across the globe. The reliance on synthetic insecticides has been the sole way to combat mosquito vectors for decades. In recent years, the extensive use of conventional insecticides in mosquito suppression has led to significant pesticide resistance and serious human health hazards. In this light, investigating the potential application of biorational compounds for vector management has drawn significant attention. We, hereby, evaluated the efficacy of three microbial derivative biorational insecticides, abamectin, spinosad, and buprofezin, and two botanical oils, neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and karanja oil (Pongamia pinnata Linn.) against the Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions. The fourth-instar C. quinquefasciatus larvae were exposed to different concentrations of the selected larvicides and lethality was estimated based on LC50 and LT50 with Probit analysis. All larvicides showed concentration-dependent significant effects on survival and demonstrated larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus larvae. However, abamectin exerted the highest toxicity (LC50 = 10.36 ppm), exhibited statistically significant effects on C. quinquefasciatus larval mortality, followed by spinosad (LC50 = 21.32 ppm) and buprofezin (LC50 = 56.34 ppm). Abamectin caused larval mortality ranged from 30.00 to 53.33 % and 53.00-70.00 % at 06 and 07 h after treatment (HAT), respectively. In the case of botanicals, karanja oil (LC50 = 216.61 ppm) was more lethal (more than 1.5 times) and had a shorter lethal time than neem oil (LC50 = 330.93 ppm) and showed a classic pattern of relationship between concentrations and mortality over time. Overall, the present study highlighted the potential of deploying new generation biorational pesticides and botanicals in mosquito vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Insect Biotechnology and Biopesticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
- Lecturer, Department of Entomology, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh, Nawabganj-6300, Bangladesh
| | - Md Niaz Morshed
- Insect Biotechnology and Biopesticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
- Scientific Officer, Adaptive Research Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - Saleh Mohammad Adnan
- Insect Biotechnology and Biopesticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
- Research Entomologist, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Australia
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Mullaivendhan J, Ahamed A, Arif IA, Raman G, Akbar I. Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalysis: synthesis of larvicidal active geranylacetone derivatives against Culex quinquesfasciatus and molecular docking studies. Front Chem 2024; 11:1303479. [PMID: 38268759 PMCID: PMC10806150 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1303479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The grindstone process, which uses tyrosinase as a catalyst, was used to create analogues of geranylacetone. Tyrosinase was used to prepare the Mannich base under favourable reaction conditions, resulting in a high yield. All synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral analyses. The active geranylacetone derivatives (1a-l) were investigated for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus; compound 1b (LD50:20.7 μg/mL) was noticeably more effective than geranylacetone (LD50: >100 μg/mL) and permethrin (LD50: 24.4 μg/mL) lead compounds because of their ability to kill larvae and use them as pesticides. All compounds (1a-1l) were found to be low toxic, whereas compounds 1b, 1d, and 1k were screened for antifeedant screening of non -aquatic target for the toxicity measurement against marine fish Oreochromis mossambicus at 100 μg/mL caused 0% mortality in within 24 h. Molecular docking studies of synthesised compound 1b and permethrin docked with 3OGN, compound 1b demonstrated a greater binding affinity (-9.6 kcal/mol) compared to permethrin (-10.5 kcal/mol). According to these results, the newly synthesised geranylacetone derivatives can serve as lead molecules of larvicides agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Mullaivendhan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anis Ahamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Arif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurusamy Raman
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Idhayadhulla Akbar
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu, India
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S R Dwivedi P, Shastry C. Anti-tumor potential and mode of action of karanjin against breast cancer; an in-silico approach. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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Yu J, Yang H, Lv C, Dai X. The cytotoxicity of karanjin toward breast cancer cells is involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1673-1682. [PMID: 36065628 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Karanjin is a bioactive furanoflavonoid with various pharmacological activities including anticancer activities. However, the effect and the related mechanism of karanjin in breast cancer (BC) have not been revealed. The potential targets of karanjin and BC were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases, respectively. The overlapping targets between karanjin and BC were identified using the Venn diagram. DAVID database was used for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide), EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick-end labeling) assays, respectively. The protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. We screened out 28 overlapping targets between karanjin and BC. KEGG analysis showed that the targets of karanjin in BC were associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Karanjin inhibited cell viability and impeded the proliferative ability of BC cells. Moreover, karanjin treatment induced apoptosis in BC cells. Additionally, karanjin treatment blocked the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway reversed the antitumor effect of karanjin on BC cells. In conclusion, karanjin exerted antitumor activity in BC cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Nanyang, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanshi Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, China
| | - Chunliu Lv
- Department of Breast Tumor Plastic Surgery (Department of Head and Neck Surgery), Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Fang Z, Xu D. Network analysis for elucidating the mechanisms of Shenfu injection in preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with heart failure. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105845. [PMID: 35849948 PMCID: PMC9279168 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to millions of infections and is exerting an unprecedented impact on society and economies worldwide. The evidence showed that heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that could be encountered at different stages during the progression of COVID-19. Shenfu injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been widely used for heart failure therapy in China and was suggested to treat critical COVID-19 cases based on the guideline for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (the 7th version) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. However, the active components, potential targets, related pathways, and underlying pharmacology mechanism of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF remain vague. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness and possible pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with HF. METHODS In the current study, a network analysis approach integrating active compound screening (drug-likeness, lipophilicity, and aqueous solubility models), target fishing (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, fingerprint-based Similarity Ensemble Approach, and PharmMapper databases), compound-target-disease network construction (Cytoscape software), protein-protein interaction network construction (STRING and Cytoscape software), biological process analysis (STRING and Cytoscape plug-in Clue GO) and pathway analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis) was developed to decipher the active ingredients, potential targets, relevant pathways, and the therapeutic mechanisms of SFI for preventing and treating COVID-19 combined with HF. RESULTS Finally, 20 active compounds (DL ≥ 0.18, 1≤Alog P ≤ 5, and -5≤LogS ≤ -1) and 164 relevant targets of SFI were identified related to the development of COVID-19 combined with HF, which were mainly involved in three biological processes including metabolic, hemostasis, and cytokine signaling in immune system. The C-T-D network and reactome pathway analysis indicated that SFI probably regulated the pathological processes of heart failure, respiratory failure, lung injury, and inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19 combined with HF through acting on several targets and pathways. Moreover, the venn diagram was used to identify 54 overlapped targets of SFI, COVID-19, and HF. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 54 overlapped targets were highly enriched to several COVID-19 and HF related pathways, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive network analysis approach framework was developed to systematically elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanism of SFI for the prevention and treatment of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF. The current study may not only provide in-depth understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of SFI, but also a scientific basis for the application of SFI against COVID-19 combined with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Department of Respirology & Allergy. Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University. Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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Sreeharsha RV, Mudalkar S, Reddy AR. Genome sequencing and analysis uncover the regulatory elements involved in the development and oil biosynthesis of Pongamia pinnata (L.) - A potential biodiesel feedstock. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:747783. [PMID: 36092428 PMCID: PMC9454018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.747783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid industrialization, the consumption of petro-products has increased, while fossil fuel resources have been gradually depleted. There has been a resurgence of interest in plant-derived biofuels as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Pongamia pinnata L., which is also known as Millettia pinnata is an oil-yielding, leguminous tree with a large and complex genome. Despite its multiple industrial applications, this orphan tree species has inconsistent yields and a limited understanding of its functional genomics. We assessed physiological and morphological characteristics of five high-yielding pongamia accessions and deduced important yield descriptors. Furthermore, we sequenced the genome of this potential biofuel feedstock using Illumina HiSeq, NextSeq, and MiSeq platforms to generate paired-end reads. Around 173 million processed reads amounting to 65.2 Gb were assembled into a 685 Mb genome, with a gap rate of 0.02%. The sequenced scaffolds were used to identify 30,000 gene models, 406,385 Simple-Sequence-Repeat (SSR) markers, and 43.6% of repetitive sequences. We further analyzed the structural information of genes belonging to certain key metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, photosynthesis, circadian rhythms, plant-pathogen interactions, and karanjin biosynthesis, all of which are commercially significant for pongamia. A total of 2,219 scaffolds corresponding to 29 transcription factor families provided valuable information about gene regulation in pongamia. Similarity studies and phylogenetic analysis revealed a monophyletic group of Fabaceae members wherein pongamia out-grouped from Glycine max and Cajanus cajan, revealing its unique ability to synthesize oil for biodiesel. This study is the first step toward completing the genome sequence of this imminent biofuel tree species. Further attempts at re-sequencing with different read chemistry will certainly improve the genetic resources at the chromosome level and accelerate the molecular breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Shalini Mudalkar
- Department of Tree Breeding and Improvement, Forest College and Research Institute (FCRI), Hyderabad, India
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Bhatt G, Gupta A, Rangan L, Mukund Limaye A. Global transcriptome analysis reveals partial estrogen-like effects of karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Gene 2022; 830:146507. [PMID: 35447244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Karanjin, an abundantly occurring furanoflavonoid in edible and non-edible legumes, exerts diverse biological effects in vivo, and in vitro. Its potential as an anticancer agent is gaining traction following recent demonstrations of its anti-proliferative, cell cycle inhibitory, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the genomic correlates of these activities are not known. In the present study we delineated the transcriptomic footprint of 10 μM karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using next generation sequencing technology (RNA-seq). We show that karanjin-modulated gene-expression repertoire is enriched in several hallmark gene sets, which include early estrogen-response, and G2/M checkpoint genes. Genes modulated by karanjin overlapped with those modulated by 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2), or 1 μM tamoxifen. The results suggest partial estrogen-like activity of karanjin, thereby presenting a caveat to its anticancer potential. Further investigations into its mechanisms of action are warranted to ascertain the true potential of karanjin in anticancer, or endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Akshita Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Latha Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Patel DK, Patel K. Therapeutic importance and pharmacological activities of karanjin in the medicine for the treatment of Human disorders: A review through scientific data analysis. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220307113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds:
Plant and derived herbal drugs have been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human health complications since a very early age. Commercial products prepared from natural herbs have been always valuable for the society in the form of health supplement to medicament. In the ancient time, herbal products were mainly prepared from plants and their derived phytochemical. Plants contain a rich source of pure phytochemical called secondary metabolite and examples are flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids etc. Plants and their parts including fruits, flowers, vegetables etc. are the best source of Flavonoid class phytochemicals.
Methods:
Present work summarized the scientific information of karanjin for their health beneficial aspects and pharmacological activities including its analytical aspects. In the present investigation, scientific data of karanjin have been collected from various scientific databases such as Google, Goggle Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine. Further pharmacological activity data has been collected and analyzed in the present work to know their biological potential in the medicine. Analytical methods used for the separation, isolation, and identification of karanjin for the standardization of different natural products have been also discussed in the present work.
Results:
Scientific data analysis signified the biological importance of Flavonoid class phytochemicals in the medicine as they are well known for their anti-ischemic, vasodilatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Scientific data analysis revealed the presences of karanjin in numerous medicinal plants such as Fordia cauliflora, Lonchocarpus latifolius, Millettia pinnata, Millettia pubinervis, Pongamia pinnata, and Tephrosia purpurea. Pharmacological activity data revealed the biological potential of karanjin against cancerous disorders, glucose metabolism abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, inflammatory disorders, colitis, psoriasis and brain related disorders. However, analytical data signified the importance of RP-HPLC, TLC, HPTLC, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HSCCC techniques in the medicine for the quantification of karanjin in different samples.
Conclusion:
Presented information about karanjin in this review paper will be beneficial to the scientific peoples of the world to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Quantification and Optimization of Ethanolic Extract Containing the Bioactive Flavonoids from Millettia pulchra Radix. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123641. [PMID: 34203624 PMCID: PMC8232251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millettia pulchra is traditionally used for treating diseases, including joint pain, fever, anemia, and allergies. It is also a potential resource of natural flavonoid derivatives, which represents major constituents of this plant. This study aimed to isolate the major compounds from M. pulchra radix, develop and validate the HPLC-PDA method to determine their contents, and optimize its extraction. Four major flavonoid derivatives (karanjin, lanceolatin B, 2”,2”-dimethylpyrano-[5″,6″:7,8]-flavone, and pongamol) were isolated using silica gel column chromatography, crystallization techniques in large amounts with high purities (>95%). A simple, accurate high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) detection method has been developed and validated with significantly statistical impacts according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were employed to predictive performance and optimization of the extraction process. The optimized conditions for the extraction of major flavonoids were: extraction time (twice), solvent/material ratio (9.5), and ethanol concentration (72.5%). Our research suggests an effective method, which will be helpful for quality control in the pharmaceutical development of this species.
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