Polyketides with antimicrobial activities from Penicillium canescens DJJ-1

A New Diterpenoid Alkaloid with Antimicrobial Activity from Aconitum brachypodum Diels

A new C20-denudatine-type diterpenoid alkaloid (DA) 11S-aconicarnine D (1) and fifteen known DAs were isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum brachypodum Diels. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations and DP4+ analysis. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Alternaria panax with MICs of 2.00 and 8.00 μg/mL (Nystatin, 1.00 μg/mL), respectively.

Combined fermentation and ARTP mutagenesis to enhance lipase activity of Penicillium camembertii and its application for high-purity 1,3-diacylglycerol preparation

Penicillium camembertii lipase (PCL) is a glycerol-biased enzyme isolated from P. camembertii, exhibiting high esterification activity. The PCL activity was enhanced by combining fermentation optimization with atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Following multiple rounds of high-throughput screening and serial passages, a genetically stable mutant, P12, was obtained. In shake flask culture, P12 exhibited a lipase activity of 1600 U/g, representing an 800 % increase compared to the wild type (WT), with improved thermostability and methanol stability. Subsequently, P12 was used as a whole-cell biocatalyst to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid with glycerol in a solvent-free system to prepare 1,3-diacylglycerol (1,3-DAG). With an oleic acid /glycerol molar ratio of 4:1, 8 % biocatalyst, and a reaction temperature of 40 °C, the content of 1,3-DAG was 74.7 % after 24 h. These results suggest that the mutant P12 demonstrates considerable potential as a whole-cell biocatalyst for synthesizing high-purity 1,3-DAG.

Antimicrobial Potential of Secalonic Acids from Arctic-Derived Penicillium chrysogenum INA 01369

In this study, two compounds have been isolated from the Arctic-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum INA 13460. Structural elucidation, performed using 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS data, has identified the compounds as stereoisomers of secalonic acids, dimeric tetrahydroxanthones. The absolute configurations of these stereoisomers have been determined through conformational NMR analysis and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of secalonic acids D and F has been evaluated against a diverse range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, the phytopathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum VKM-B1247, and the fungi Fusarium oxysporum VKPM F 890, Aspergillus fumigatus VKM F-37, and A. niger ATCC 16404. Genomic and chemical analyses further support P. chrysogenum INA 13460 as a promising natural source for antimicrobial drug discovery and biological control applications.

A Survey of Recently Discovered Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds

The discovery of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has increased astronomically in the 55 years since they were first discovered─from fewer than 50 in 1968 to a combined 7,958 described examples in three comprehensive reviews. The present survey, which covers the period 2021-2023, brings the number of known natural organohalogens to approximately 8,400. The organization is according to species origin, and coverage includes marine and terrestrial plants, fungi, bacteria, marine sponges, corals, cyanobacteria, tunicates, and other marine organisms.

Diverse biological activities and secondary metabolites profile of Penicillium brevicompactum HE19ct isolated from the high-Andean medicinal plant Perezia coerulescens

Endophytic fungi produced attractive primary and secondary metabolites for industries, pharmacology, and biotechnology. The bioactive potential of HE19ct, identified as Penicillium brevicompactum according to ITS-BenA-caM, was addressed. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and secondary metabolite contents using four culture media in Agar-plate (ApF) and Submerged (SmF) fermentation were evaluated. Some plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and their related genes were tested. HE19ct exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum, and Alternaria sp. All cultures showed DPPH scavenging activity and phenolic compounds, where ethyl acetate extract of SmF with malt extract showed higher activity and SmF/ApF with potato-dextrose exhibited higher yield, respectively. HE19ct solubilized tricalcium-phosphate and produced siderophore, endoglucanase, proteinase, and amylase. It enhanced the alfalfa's germination at 15 °C, root development, and phenols production at 15 and 24 °C. Phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, triterpenoids/steroids, and alkaloids production were detected depending on culture media. Polyketide synthase type I gene (PksI), subtilisin-like protease prb 1 (Pbr), and siderophore D (sidD) were PCR-amplified. Finally, HE19CT could be a promising source of interesting bioactive compounds for pharmacology and agriculture mainly in extreme conditions, then metabolomic and functional genetic research must be performed to support their appropriate application.