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Choi YG, Choi WS, Song JY, Lee Y, Lee SH, Lee JS, Lee S, Choi SR, Lee CH, Lee JY. Antiinflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of Korean native herb Potentilla rugulosa Nakai in Bisphenol-a-stimulated A549 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:758-773. [PMID: 37527000 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2240835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Potentilla rugulosa Nakai (P. rugulosa) is a perennial herb in the Rosaceae family and found in the Korean mountains. Previously, our findings demonstrated that P. rugulosa contains numerous polyphenols and flavonoids exhibiting important antioxidant and anti-obesity bioactivities. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen that was shown to produce pulmonary inflammation in humans. However, the mechanisms underlying BPA-induced inflammation remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to examine whether ethanolic extract of P. rugulosa exerted an inhibitory effect on BPA-induced inflammation utilizing an adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549. The P. rugulosa extract inhibited BPA-mediated cytotoxicity by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, P. rugulosa extract suppressed the upregulation of various pro-inflammatory mediators induced by activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by P. rugulosa extract was found to occur via decrease in the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Further, blockade of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) was noted. Thus, our findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of P. rugulosa may act as a natural anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Biological Material Analysis Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- Biological Material Analysis Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rin Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Characterization of Biological Properties of Individual Phenolamides and Phenolamide-Enriched Leaf Tomato Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041552. [PMID: 36838541 PMCID: PMC9966281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional treatments renders urgent the discovery of new therapeutic molecules. Plant specialized metabolites such as phenolamides, a subclass of phenolic compounds, whose accumulation in tomato plants is mediated by the biotic and abiotic environment, constitute a source of natural molecules endowed with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to investigate whether three major phenolamides found in Tuta absoluta-infested tomato leaves exhibit antimicrobial, cytotoxic and/or anti-inflammatory properties. One of them, N1,N5,N14-tris(dihydrocaffeoyl)spermine, was specifically synthesized for this study. The three phenolamides showed low to moderate antibacterial activities but were able to counteract the LPS pro-inflammatory effect on THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. Extracts made from healthy but not T. absoluta-infested tomato leaf extracts were also able to reduce inflammation using the same cellular approach. Taken together, these results show that phenolamides from tomato leaves could be interesting alternatives to conventional drugs.
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The Effects of Differentiated Organic Fertilization on Tomato Production and Phenolic Content in Traditional and High-Yielding Varieties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112127. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of sustainable agriculture is to increase yields and obtain higher quality products. Increased antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols in harvest products may be an added value for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether three organic fertilization treatments with different levels of carbon and nitrogen, i.e., N-rich, N-rich+C, and N-poor+C, affected the phenolic content of different tomato varieties. The examined parameters were productivity, plant nutritional status, δ13C, and tomato phenolic content as an indication of the antioxidant capacity. The best production was obtained with ‘Cornabel’, a high-yielding Pebroter variety. The total phenolic content was highest in the traditional ‘Cuban Pepper’ variety regardless of treatment, while naringenin levels were high in all the Pebroter varieties. In N-poor+C fertilized plants, a lower N-NO3 content in leaves was correlated with higher levels of total polyphenols in the fruit. The high-water stress suffered by Montserrat varieties coincided with a low total phenolic content in the tomatoes. In conclusion, organic fertilization with reduced N did not influence the tomato yield but positively affected phenolic compound levels in varieties less sensitive to water stress.
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Bekhouche M, Benyammi R, Slaoui MK, Krimat S, Paris C, Khelifi L, Morsli A. Flavonoid profile and antioxidant properties of Algerian common yew (Taxus baccata L.). CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-022-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In humans, various diseases are associated with the accumulation of free radicals. The antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and reduce their impact; thus, the search for effective natural antioxidants of plant origin is indispensable. The present study aims to determine, for the first time, the flavonoid compounds profile and to investigate the free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of Taxus baccata L. from Algeria.
Methods
The determination of the flavonoid compound profile of the methanolic extract of Taxus baccata L. was established using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS). The total flavonoid content (TFC) was performed according to the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were carried out using three methods, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Assay.
Results
A total of 26 compounds including flavon-3-ols, flavanonols, flavones, flavonols and bioflavonoids were characterized and identifiedusing HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS analysis, five were reported for the first time such as taxifolin, apigenin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside and robustaflavone. The plant extract exhibited high total flavonoid content (TFC = 204.26 ± 6.02 mg RE/g dry extract) which corresponded to its strong radical scavenging activities [(DPPH IC50 = 35.31 ± 0.29 µg/ml and ABTS IC50 = 8.27 ± 0.52 µg/ml)] as compared to the synthetic antioxidant BHT [(DPPH IC50 = 78.96 ± 5.70 µg/ml and ABTS IC50 = 13.56 ± 0.06 µg/ml)]. However, the methanolic extract of T. baccata showed the lowest ferric reducing ability as compared to the positive controls (BHT, BHA, ascorbic acid, trolox and quercetin).
Conclusion
Our results imply that the Taxus Baccata L. might be a potential source for the isolation of natural antioxidant compounds.
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Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal High Induction of the Phenolamide Pathway in Tomato Plants Attacked by the Leafminer Tuta absoluta. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060484. [PMID: 35736416 PMCID: PMC9230075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are attacked by a variety of herbivore pests and among them, the leafminer Tuta absoluta, which is currently a major threat to global tomato production. Although the commercial tomato is susceptible to T. absoluta attacks, a better understanding of the defensive plant responses to this pest will help in defining plant resistance traits and broaden the range of agronomic levers that can be used for an effective integrated pest management strategy over the crop cycle. In this study, we developed an integrative approach combining untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the local and systemic metabolic responses of young tomato plants to T. absoluta larvae herbivory. From metabolomic analyses, the tomato response appeared to be both local and systemic, with a local response in infested leaves being much more intense than in other parts of the plant. The main response was a massive accumulation of phenolamides with great structural diversity, including rare derivatives composed of spermine and dihydrocinnamic acids. The accumulation of this family of specialized metabolites was supported by transcriptomic data, which showed induction of both phenylpropanoid and polyamine precursor pathways. Moreover, our transcriptomic data identified two genes strongly induced by T. absoluta herbivory, that we functionally characterized as putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. They catalyze the biosynthesis of several phenolamides, among which is caffeoylputrescine. Overall, this study provided new mechanistic clues of the tomato/T. absoluta interaction.
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Becker C, Han P, de Campos MR, Béarez P, Thomine E, Le Bot J, Adamowicz S, Brun R, Fernandez X, Desneux N, Michel T, Lavoir AV. Feeding guild determines strength of top-down forces in multitrophic system experiencing bottom-up constraints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148544. [PMID: 34182448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and water are crucial in crop production but increasingly scarce environmental resources. Reducing their inputs can affect the whole plant-arthropod community including biocontrol agents. In a multitrophic system, we studied the interaction of the bottom-up effects of moderately reduced N concentration and/or water supply as well as the top-down effects of pests of different feeding guilds on plant nutritional quality (N and carbon concentration), direct defense (alkaloids and phenolics), and indirect defense (plant volatile organic compounds); on herbivore performance and host quality (N and carbon) to parasitoids and the latter's performance. Studied organisms were tomato plants, the sap feeders Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Bemisia tabaci, the leaf chewers Tuta absoluta and Spodoptera littoralis, and the parasitic wasps Aphelinus abdominalis and Necremnus tutae. Resource limitation affected plant quality, triggering bottom-up effects on herbivore and parasitoid performance, except for T. absoluta and N. tutae. Feeding guild had a major influence: bottom-up effects were stronger on sap feeders; N effects were stronger on sap feeders while water effects were stronger with leaf chewers (S. littoralis). Top-down effects of leaf chewer herbivory partly attenuated bottom-up effects and partly suppressed plant defenses. Bottom-up effects weakened when cascading up trophic levels. In summary, the interaction between plants, pests, and beneficial insects was modulated by abiotic factors, affecting insect performance. Simultaneous abiotic and biotic impact shaped plant biochemistry depending on the feeding guild: the biotic top-down effect of leaf chewer herbivory attenuated the bottom-up effects of plant nutrition and hence dominated the plant biochemical profile whereas in sap feeder infested leaves, it corresponded to the abiotic impact. This study highlights the plant's finely tuned regulatory system facilitating response prioritization. It offers perspectives on how smart manipulation of plant nutrient solutions might save resources while maintaining efficient biocontrol in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Becker
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Peng Han
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Philippe Béarez
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Eva Thomine
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | | | - Richard Brun
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR, 7272 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR, 7272 Nice, France
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Messaili S, Qu Y, Fougère L, Colas C, Desneux N, Lavoir AV, Destandau E, Michel T. Untargeted metabolomic and molecular network approaches to reveal tomato root secondary metabolites. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:672-684. [PMID: 33225475 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tomato plant, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the world and plays an important role in human diet. Tomato cultivars are hosts for diverse types of pests, implying diverse chemical defence strategies. Glycoalkaloids are the main specialised metabolites produced by tomato leaves and fruits to protect against pests. However, the roots have received little attention, leading to limited knowledge about their phytochemical content. OBJECTIVE The main goal of the current study was the development of an untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) based metabolomic approach to study phytochemical variations in tomato roots at two different development stages (i.e. 34th and 62nd day after sowing). METHODS UHPLC-HRMS was used to establish the fingerprint of 24 batches of tomato roots. Statistical analyses were performed to highlight the compounds that discriminated between young and mature tomato roots. A dereplication strategy using molecular networking and HRMS/MS data was set up to identify the metabolites regulated during early root development. KEY FINDINGS The main biomarkers were guanidine and adenosine derivatives associated with tryptophan. Secondary metabolites such as glycoalkaloids and steroidal alkaloids were also characterised. Most of the metabolites were up-regulated in young tomato roots (34 days old) while tryptophan was up-regulated in the older roots (62 days old). CONCLUSION The metabolic changes observed in this work contribute to a deeper understanding of early-stage root development and may help our understanding of the complex processes involved in the tomato root defence arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhila Messaili
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans, France
| | - Yanyan Qu
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAe, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355-7254, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laëtitia Fougère
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans, France
| | - Cyril Colas
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans, France
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, UPR 4311, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAe, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355-7254, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Anne-Violette Lavoir
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAe, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355-7254, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Nice, France
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Pullulan films loading saffron extract encapsulated in nanoliposomes; preparation and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:62-71. [PMID: 34343589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation of saffron extract (SE) components into the rapeseed lecithin nanoliposomes were performed by sonication of their aqueous dispersions as a green process. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results exhibited that empty and SE loaded nanoliposomes (SENL) had average sizes in range of 118-138 nm, negative zeta potentials (-32.0 to -46.8 mV) and polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.3 during storage for 28 days at 4 °C. Encapsulation efficiency of crocin was approximately 30%. The 70% of crocin released from SENLs within 5 h in PBS solution. Pullulan-based films were fabricated by incorporation of empty and SE loaded nanoliposomes into pullulan solution through casting method. The mechanical resistance and thermal stability of the films reduced by addition of nanoliposomes. FTIR and thermal characterizations indicated that SE was successfully encapsulated in the nanoliposomes and film matrix with high thermal stability. Incorporation of nanoliposomes enhanced the oxygen barrier properties of the films, while it didn't significantly affect the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films. The obtained edible films or coatings can provide additional benefits due to unique flavor and color of saffron. In addition, the utilization of SE, can provide benefits for health-allegation from SE antioxidant capacity.
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Nguyen KQ, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV. Assessment and comparison of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties from various parts of the Australian maroon bush ( Scaevola spinescens). Heliyon 2021; 7:e06810. [PMID: 33981883 PMCID: PMC8082193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaevola spinescens is endemic to Australia and traditionally used as a medicinal plant. While its bioactive compounds have been studied, their concentrations in different parts of the plant have not been reported. This study compared total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, saponins and antioxidant properties, as well as major individual phytochemical compounds in the whole root, root bark, root wood, whole stem, stem bark, stem wood, and leaf of S. spinescens. The results showed the leaf had significantly highest concentrations of TPC followed by the root bark and stem bark (47.34, 12.24 and 10.20 mg GAE/g, respectively). Flavonoids concentrations were also significantly higher in the leaf compared to the root bark and stem bark (20.95, 6.22 and 4.19 mg CE/g, respectively). For saponins, the root bark contained significantly highest concentrations (112.58 mg EE/g). Luteolin 7-glucoside was isolated and identified in the leaf of S. spinescens. Eight major compounds were identified with the leaf displaying the highest diversity of major compounds, and in higher concentrations, compared to the other plant constituents. As the leaf and root bark contained the highest concentrations of phytochemicals, these plant parts are recommended as starting material for future studies, to further isolate and identify the major compounds from S. spinescens and investigate their biological properties for use in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Roumani M, Besseau S, Gagneul D, Robin C, Larbat R. Phenolamides in plants: an update on their function, regulation, and origin of their biosynthetic enzymes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2334-2355. [PMID: 33315095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolamides represent a family of specialized metabolites, consisting of the association of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Since the discovery of the first phenolamide in the late 1940s, decades of phytochemical analyses have revealed a high structural diversity for this family and a wide distribution in the plant kingdom. The occurrence of structurally diverse phenolamides in almost all plant organs has led to early hypotheses on their involvement in floral initiation and fertility, as well as plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In the present work, we critically review the literature ascribing functional hypotheses to phenolamides and recent evidence on the control of their biosynthesis in response to biotic stress. We additionally provide a phylogenetic analysis of the numerous N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phenolamides and discuss the potential role of other enzyme families in their diversification. The data presented suggest multiple evolutionary events that contributed to the extension of the taxonomic distribution and diversity of phenolamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA 2106, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR 1158, BioEcoAgro, Université de Lille, INRAe, Université de Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Lille, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
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Añibarro-Ortega M, Pinela J, Ćirić A, Martins V, Rocha F, Soković MD, Barata AM, Carvalho AM, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Valorisation of table tomato crop by-products: Phenolic profiles and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lück M, Bergs F, Jupke A. Solvent accessibility limitation by plant matrix compounds in extraction of rutin from
Solanum lycopersicum. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lück
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)
| | - Frederik Bergs
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT)RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)
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Nagai A, Torres PB, Duarte LML, Chaves ALR, Macedo AF, Floh EIS, de Oliveira LF, Zuccarelli R, Dos Santos DYAC. Signaling pathway played by salicylic acid, gentisic acid, nitric oxide, polyamines and non-enzymatic antioxidants in compatible and incompatible Solanum-tomato mottle mosaic virus interactions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110274. [PMID: 31779908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a vast array of pathogens. The interaction between them may be classified in compatible and incompatible. Polyamines (PAs) are involved in defense responses, as well as salicylic acid (SA), gentisic acid (GA) and nitric oxide (NO), which can increase the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating a harsh environment to the pathogen. ROS can also damage the host cell and they can be controlled by ascorbate and glutathione. Among phytopathogens, one of the major threats to tomato crops is tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV). Resistance against this virus probably involves the Tm-22 gene. This work aimed to analyze signaling and antioxidant molecules in the defense response against ToMMV in Solanum pimpinellifolium and in S. lycopersicum 'VFNT'. In S. pimpinellifolium plants inoculated with ToMMV, an increase in NO, SA, GA, ascorbate and oxidized glutathione and a decrease in the content of PAs were observed. Characteristic symptoms of diseased plants and high absorbance values in PTA-ELISA indicated a compatible interaction. In VFNT-inoculated plants, less significant differences were noticed. Symptoms and viral concentration were not detected, indicating an incompatible interaction, possibly associated with the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nagai
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Bezerra Torres
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Ferreira Macedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Francisco de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zuccarelli
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Phenolic Composition Influences the Health-Promoting Potential of Bee-Pollen. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120783. [PMID: 31779186 PMCID: PMC6995608 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on compositional, nutritional and functional properties of bee-pollen, as a health-promoting food, is essential for defining its quality. Concerning the nutritional importance of phenolic compounds, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of twenty-four bee-pollen samples collected from different regions of Serbia. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprinting was used for profiling of bee-pollen samples according to the botanical type. HPTLC hyphenated with image analysis and a pattern recognition technique confirmed the grouping of samples caused by the specific phenolic composition of pollens of different botanical origin. Flavonoid glycosides in bee-pollen samples were identified by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ Orbitrap MS). Eight out of twenty-seven flavonol glycosides were identified in bee-pollen samples for the first time. All analyzed bee-pollen samples showed a high number of phenolic compounds which may have therapeutic potential.
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Junker-Frohn LV, Lück M, Schmittgen S, Wensing J, Carraresi L, Thiele B, Groher T, Reimer JJ, Bröring S, Noga G, Jupke A, Schurr U, Usadel B, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Wormit A. Tomato's Green Gold: Bioeconomy Potential of Residual Tomato Leaf Biomass as a Novel Source for the Secondary Metabolite Rutin. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19071-19080. [PMID: 31763530 PMCID: PMC6868607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the annual horticultural production cycle of greenhouse-grown crops, large quantities of residual biomass are discarded. Here, we propose a new value chain to utilize horticultural leaf biomass for the extraction of secondary metabolites. To increase the secondary metabolite content of leaves, greenhouse-grown crop plants were exposed to low-cost abiotic stress treatments after the last fruit harvest. As proof of concept, we evaluated the production of the flavonoid rutin in tomato plants subjected to nitrogen deficiency. In an interdisciplinary approach, we observed the steady accumulation of rutin in young plants under nitrogen deficiency, tested the applicability of nitrogen deficiency in a commercial-like greenhouse, developed a high efficiency extraction for rutin, and evaluated the acceptance of the proposed value chain by its key actors economically. On the basis of the positive interdisciplinary evaluation, we identified opportunities and challenges for the successful establishment of horticultural leaf biomass as a novel source for secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Junker-Frohn
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lück
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Schmittgen
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joana Wensing
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Carraresi
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tanja Groher
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia J. Reimer
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bröring
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics
(ILR), Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Noga
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural
Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Institute of Bio
and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Institute for Biology I—Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Lyophilized tomato plant material: Validation of a reliable extraction method for the analysis of vitamin C. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Zlatić N, Jakovljević D, Stanković M. Temporal, Plant Part, and Interpopulation Variability of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Inula helenium L. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060179. [PMID: 31213017 PMCID: PMC6630240 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Variations in abiotic environmental factors have significant effects on quantity and quality of secondary metabolites, which is particularly important for plant species that possess biologically active compounds. The purpose of this study is determination of the total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of the different parts of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae) sampled from different populations and in different time periods. The amounts obtained for the total phenolics varied from 16.73 to 89.85 mg of gallic acid (GA)/g. The concentration of flavonoids ranged from 9.32 to 376.22 mg of rutin (Ru)/g. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method varied from 161.60 to 1563.02 μg/ml. The inflorescence and roots possessed high concentration of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity, while leaves contained the highest concentration of flavonoids. Additionally, the quantity of the phenolics, as well as antioxidant activity, significantly varied among the different populations due to different impacts of environmental factors. This research showed that I. helenium represents an abundant source of bioactive substances, and that the quantity of these compounds greatly differs among the different populations as well as in the same populations regarding the different time periods as well as plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Zlatić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Dragana Jakovljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Milan Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
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Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS in Tunisian Pistacia vera L. Leaves unveiled a rich source of phenolic compounds with a significant antioxidant potential. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Escobar-Bravo R, Chen G, Kim HK, Grosser K, van Dam NM, Leiss KA, Klinkhamer PGL. Ultraviolet radiation exposure time and intensity modulate tomato resistance to herbivory through activation of jasmonic acid signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:315-327. [PMID: 30304528 PMCID: PMC6305188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can modulate plant defenses against herbivorous arthropods. We investigated how different UV exposure times and irradiance intensities affected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resistance to thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) by assessing UV effects on thrips-associated damage and host-selection, selected metabolite and phytohormone contents, expression of defense-related genes, and trichome density and chemistry, the latter having dual roles in defense and UV protection. Short UV daily exposure times increased thrips resistance in the cultivar 'Moneymaker' but this could not be explained by changes in the contents of selected leaf polyphenols or terpenes, nor by trichome-associated defenses. UV irradiance intensity also affected resistance to thrips. Further analyses using the tomato mutants def-1, impaired in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, od-2, defective in the production of functional type-VI trichomes, and their wild-type, 'Castlemart', showed that UV enhanced thrips resistance in Moneymaker and od-2, but not in def-1 and Castlemart. UV increased salicylic acid (SA) and JA-isoleucine concentrations, and increased expression of SA- and JA-associated genes in Moneymaker, while inducing expression of JA-defensive genes in od-2. Our results demonstrate that UV-mediated enhancement of tomato resistance to thrips is probably associated with the activation of JA-associated signaling, but not with plant secondary metabolism or trichome-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Escobar-Bravo
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Chen
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyong Kim
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Grosser
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Leiss
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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de Souza GR, De-Oliveira ACAX, Soares V, Chagas LF, Barbi NS, Paumgartten FJR, da Silva AJR. Chemical profile, liver protective effects and analgesic properties of a Solanum paniculatum leaf extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:129-138. [PMID: 30466002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) is a plant native to South America where it is used in traditional medicine for different therapeutic indications. This study evaluated the chemical composition and the hepatoprotective and analgesic activities of S. paniculatum leaf extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical profile of an ethyl acetate partition (SPOE) of a S. paniculatum leaf infusion (SPAE) was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESIMS). Liver protective effects of SPAE (600 and 1200 mg/kg bw, po), or SPOE (300 mg/kg bw, po) were evaluated in a C57BL/6 mouse model of acetaminophen (AP, 600 mg/kg bw, ip) hepatotoxicity by measuring alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase activity in the serum, and reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) levels in the hepatic tissue. RESULTS HPLC-ESIMS analysis of the SPOE fraction tentatively identified 35 flavonoids, esters of hydroxycinnamic acid and isomers of chlorogenic acid. SPAE (600 and 1200 mg/kg bw) and SPOE (300 mg/kg bw) antagonized the rise in ALT and AST, and the depletion of GSH, and elevation of TBARs levels in the liver caused by AP. The liver protective effects of SPOE (300 mg/kg bw) against AP-induced liver toxicity mimicked those of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC 300 or 600 mg/kg bw ip). The mouse writhing assay showed that SPOE (300 mg/kg bw po) has anti-nociceptive effects comparable to those of AP (180 mg/kg bw po). CONCLUSION This study suggests that an extract of S. paniculatum leaves (SPOE), rich in phenolic compounds, is a promising herbal drug to prevent and treat AP poisoning and presents analgesic properties as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R de Souza
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia A X De-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil
| | - Vitor Soares
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Chagas
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil
| | - Nancy S Barbi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Roma Paumgartten
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Jorge R da Silva
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Van Oosten MJ, Di Stasio E, Cirillo V, Silletti S, Ventorino V, Pepe O, Raimondi G, Maggio A. Root inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum 76A enhances tomato plants adaptation to salt stress under low N conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:205. [PMID: 30236058 PMCID: PMC6149061 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging roles of rhizobacteria in improving plant nutrition and stress protection have great potential for sustainable use in saline soils. We evaluated the function of the salt-tolerant strain Azotobacter chroococcum 76A as stress protectant in an important horticultural crop, tomato. Specifically we hypothesized that treatment of tomato plants with A. chroococcum 76A could improve plant performance under salinity stress and sub-optimal nutrient regimen. RESULTS Inoculation of Micro Tom tomato plants with A. chroococcum 76A increased numerous growth parameters and also conferred protective effects under both moderate (50 mM NaCl) and severe (100 mM NaCl) salt stresses. These benefits were mostly observed under reduced nutrient regimen and were less appreciable in optimal nitrogen conditions. Therefore, the efficiency of A. chroococcum 76A was found to be dependent on the nutrient status of the rhizosphere. The expression profiles of LEA genes indicated that A. chroococcum 76A treated plants were more responsive to stress stimuli when compared to untreated controls. However, transcript levels of key nitrogen assimilation genes revealed that the optimal nitrogen regimen, in combination with the strain A. chroococcum 76A, may have saturated plant's ability to assimilate nitrogen. CONCLUSIONS Roots inoculation with A. chroococcum 76A tomato promoted tomato plant growth, stress tolerance and nutrient assimilation efficiency under moderate and severe salinity. Inoculation with beneficial bacteria such as A. chroococcum 76A may be an ideal solution for low-input systems, where environmental constraints and limited chemical fertilization may affect the potential yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Van Oosten
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Emilio Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Silvia Silletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, Italy.
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Groher T, Schmittgen S, Noga G, Hunsche M. Limitation of mineral supply as tool for the induction of secondary metabolites accumulation in tomato leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:105-111. [PMID: 29980095 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural residues are natural sources for secondary metabolites as high value ingredients for industrial uses. The present work aims to exploit the accumulation potential of rutin and solanesol in tomato leaves following nitrogen and general mineral deficiency in a commercial-like greenhouse. Physiological responses of tomato plants were monitored non-destructively with a multiparametric fluorescence sensor, and biochemical parameters were determined by means of HPLC analysis. Nitrogen and general mineral limitation led to an accumulation of rutin in young tomato leaves while solanesol concentration was higher in mature leaves. In young leaves, the fluorescence indices SFR_R and NBI_G showed lower values compared to control plants for both stress treatments. On the contrary, FLAV and ANTH_RG values increased during the experiment, but no differences could be recorded in mature leaves. However, correlation analysis indicates, that the FLAV index is not a reliable tool to estimate the concentration of rutin and solanesol tomato leaves. To monitor fruit yield/quality as primary objective of tomato production, fruits showing symptoms of blossom end rot (BER) were counted before and after stress treatments. BER was determined more frequently for plants grown under a general mineral deficiency, concluding that a practical applicability at the end of fruit production is advisable. Our results indicate that by-products from Solanaceae plants are promising resources for valuable bioactive leaf compounds. To achieve the highest concentrations, the seasonal variation, the optimal environmental conditions, the concentrations in different plant organs and varieties as well as different production systems are of high interest for commercial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Groher
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Simone Schmittgen
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Noga
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mauricio Hunsche
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Nantongo JS, Odoi JB, Abigaba G, Gwali S. Variability of phenolic and alkaloid content in different plant parts of Carissa edulis Vahl and Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:125. [PMID: 29439737 PMCID: PMC5811969 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the relative abundance and effect of post-harvest treatment on total phenolics (TP) and total alkaloids in the leaves and bark of Carissa edulis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum, which would give an indication of the suitability of leaves as alternative sources of medicine in these plant species. RESULTS Results indicated higher levels of total phenolics than total alkaloids in both of the species under both freezing and air drying conditions. While more alkaloids were found in leaves compared to bark, there was no difference in abundance of phenols between the plant parts of both species. Air drying preserved more TPs than freezing and the opposite was true for alkaloids. For sustainability, leaves are recommended as an alternative source of medicine instead of the preferred root or stem bark. However, the choice of whether to dry or freeze will depend on the specific compound of interest. Assessment of spatial variability of medicinal properties is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juventine Boaz Odoi
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, P.O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Abigaba
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, P.O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samson Gwali
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, P.O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda
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Coqueret V, Le Bot J, Larbat R, Desneux N, Robin C, Adamowicz S. Nitrogen nutrition of tomato plant alters leafminer dietary intake dynamics. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 99:130-138. [PMID: 28392206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a major pest of the tomato crop and its development rate is known to decline when nitrogen availability for crop growth is limited. Because N limitation reduces plant primary metabolism but enhances secondary metabolism, one can infer that the slow larval development arises from lower leaf nutritive value and/or higher plant defence. As an attempt to study the first alternative, we examined the tomato-T. absoluta interaction in terms of resource supply by leaves and intake by larvae. Tomato plants were raised under controlled conditions on N-sufficient vs. N-limited complete nutrient solutions. Plants were kept healthy or artificially inoculated with larvae for seven days. Serial harvests were taken and the N, C, dry mass and water contents were determined in roots, stems and leaves. Leaf and mine areas were also measured and the N, C, dry mass and water surface densities were calculated in order to characterize the diet of the larvae. The infestation of a specific leaf lessened its local biomass by 8-26%, but this effect was undetectable at the whole plant scale. Infestation markedly increased resource density per unit leaf area (water, dry mass, C and N) suggesting that the insect induced changes in leaf composition. Nitrogen limitation lessened whole plant growth (by 50%) and infested leaflet growth (by 32-44%). It produced opposite effects on specific resource density per unit area, increasing that of dry mass and C while decreasing water and N. These changes were ineffective on insect mining activity, but slowed down larval development. Under N limitation, T. absoluta consumed less water and N but more dry mass and C. The resulting consequences were a 50-70% increase of C:N stoichiometry in their diet and the doubling of faeces excretion. The observed limitation of larval development is therefore consistent with a trophic explanation caused by low N and/or water intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Coqueret
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Romain Larbat
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- UMR ISA, INRA, CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR LAE, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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25
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Floros DJ, Petras D, Kapono CA, Melnik AV, Ling TJ, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. Mass Spectrometry Based Molecular 3D-Cartography of Plant Metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:429. [PMID: 28405197 PMCID: PMC5370242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants play an essential part in global carbon fixing through photosynthesis and are the primary food and energy source for humans. Understanding them thoroughly is therefore of highest interest for humanity. Advances in DNA and RNA sequencing and in protein and metabolite analysis allow the systematic description of plant composition at the molecular level. With imaging mass spectrometry, we can now add a spatial level, typically in the micrometer-to-centimeter range, to their compositions, essential for a detailed molecular understanding. Here we present an LC-MS based approach for 3D plant imaging, which is scalable and allows the analysis of entire plants. We applied this approach in a case study to pepper and tomato plants. Together with MS/MS spectra library matching and spectral networking, this non-targeted workflow provides the highest sensitivity and selectivity for the molecular annotations and imaging of plants, laying the foundation for studies of plant metabolism and plant-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios J. Floros
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Clifford A. Kapono
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Alexey V. Melnik
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San DiegoCA, USA
- *Correspondence: Pieter C. Dorrestein,
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26
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Nabet N, Boudries H, Chougui N, Loupassaki S, Souagui S, Burló F, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Madani K, Larbat R. Biological activities and secondary compound composition from Crithmum maritimum aerial parts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1222541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nacim Nabet
- Laboratoire de Biomathématique, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Hafid Boudries
- Laboratoire de Biomathématique, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Nadia Chougui
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Sofia Loupassaki
- Department of Food Quality and Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania/Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Samiha Souagui
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Francisco Burló
- GrupoCalidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Grupo de Fruticultura y Técnicas de Producción, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina
- GrupoCalidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratoire de Biomathématique, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Romain Larbat
- INRA UMR 1121 “Agronomie & Environnement’’ Nancy-Colmar, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
- Université de Lorraine UMR 1121 ‘‘Agronomie & Environnement’’ Nancy-Colmar, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
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27
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Ağalar HG, Çiftçi GA, Yιldιrιm ŞU, Gögera F, Kιrιmera N. The LC/ESI-MSMS Profiles and Biological Potentials of Vitex agnus castus Extracts. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical profile, cytotoxic and apoptotic effect, and antioxidant activity were determined of ethanolic extracts of Vitex agnus-castus L. (chaste tree). Ripened fruits and fruitless aerial parts were extracted with ethanol, and the chemical characterization of the extracts was determined by LC/ESI-MS-MS. Twelve compounds were tentatively identified in the extracts. The dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of the extracts were tested on C6, A549 and MCF-7 cells by using MTT assay; inhibition of DNA synthesis, and apoptotic and caspase-3 activation effects of the extracts were determined. The potential antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by in vitro methods such as DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays. The fruit extract showed noticeable cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 88 μg/mL. Both extracts showed similar DPPH scavenging activity comparably with that of the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Gamze Ağalar
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalιn Çiftçi
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Gögera
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Kιrιmera
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
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28
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Larbat R, Adamowicz S, Robin C, Han P, Desneux N, Le Bot J. Interrelated responses of tomato plants and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta to nitrogen supply. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:495-504. [PMID: 26661406 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-insect interactions are strongly modified by environmental factors. This study evaluates the influence of nitrogen fertilisation on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Santa clara and the leafminer (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Greenhouse-grown tomato plants were fed hydroponically on a complete nutrient solution containing either a high nitrogen concentration (HN) sustaining maximum growth or a low nitrogen concentration (LN) limiting plant growth. Insect-free plants were compared with plants attacked by T. absoluta. Seven and 14 days after artificial oviposition leading to efficacious hatching and larvae development, we measured total carbon, nitrogen and soluble protein as well as defence compounds (phenolics, glycoalkaloids, polyphenol oxidase activity) in the HN versus LN plants. Only in the HN treatment did T. absoluta infestation slightly impair leaf growth and induce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in the foliage. Neither the concentration of phenolic compounds and proteins nor the distribution of nitrogen within the plant was affected by T. absoluta infestation. In contrast, LN nutrition impaired T. absoluta-induced PPO activity. It decreased protein and total nitrogen concentration of plant organs and enhanced the accumulation of constitutive phenolics and tomatine. Moreover, LN nutrition impaired T. absoluta development by notably decreasing pupal weight and lengthening the development period from egg to adult. Adjusting the level of nitrogen nutrition may thus be a means of altering the life cycle of T. absoluta. This study provides a comprehensive dataset concerning interrelated responses of tomato plants and T. absoluta to nitrogen nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Larbat
- INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie & Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie & Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - S Adamowicz
- INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Avignon, France
| | - C Robin
- INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie & Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie & Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Han
- INRA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - N Desneux
- INRA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - J Le Bot
- INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Avignon, France
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29
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Di Paola Naranjo RD, Otaiza S, Saragusti AC, Baroni V, Carranza ADV, Peralta IE, Valle EM, Carrari F, Asis R. Hydrophilic antioxidants from Andean tomato landraces assessed by their bioactivities in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem 2016; 206:146-55. [PMID: 27041310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potential nutraceutical properties of hydrophilic antioxidants in fruits of tomato landraces collected in Andean valleys were characterised. Antioxidant metabolites were measured by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS in mature fruits and their biological activities were assessed by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro antioxidant capacities were established by TEAC and FRAP methods. For in vivo biological activities we used a procedure based on Caenorhabditis elegans subjected to thermal stress. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also used as a rapid screening system to evaluate tomato antioxidant capacity. All tomato accessions displayed significant differences regarding metabolic composition, biological activity and antioxidant capacity. Metabolite composition was associated with geographical origin and fruit size. Antioxidant activities showed significant association with phenolic compounds, such as caffeoylquinic acids, ferulic acid-O-hexosides and rutin. Combination of in vitro and in vivo methods applied here allowed evaluation of the variability in nutraceutical properties of tomato landraces, which could be applied to other fruits or food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina D Di Paola Naranjo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - CIBICI, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; SECyT - ISIDSA/ICYTAC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Otaiza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - CIBICI, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra C Saragusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - CIBICI, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Veronica Baroni
- SECyT - ISIDSA/ICYTAC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Del V Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - CIBICI, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iris E Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo y CCT CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Estela M Valle
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Rosario, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Ramón Asis
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - CIBICI, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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30
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Royer M, Larbat R, Le Bot J, Adamowicz S, Nicot PC, Robin C. Tomato response traits to pathogenic Pseudomonas species: Does nitrogen limitation matter? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 244:57-67. [PMID: 26810453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced chemical defence is a cost-efficient protective strategy, whereby plants induce the biosynthesis of defence-related compounds only in the case of pest attack. Plant responses that are pathogen specific lower the cost of defence, compared to constitutive defence. As nitrogen availability (N) in the root zone is one of the levers mediating the concentration of defence-related compounds in plants, we investigated its influence on response traits of tomato to two pathogenic bacteria, growing plants hydroponically at low or high N supply. Using two sets of plants for each level of N supply, we inoculated one leaf of one set of plants with Pseudomonas syringae, and inoculated the stem of other set of plants with Pseudomonas corrugata. Tomato response traits (growth, metabolites) were investigated one and twelve days after inoculation. In infected areas, P. syringae decreased carbohydrate concentrations whereas they were increased by P. corrugata. P. syringae mediated a redistribution of carbon within the phenylpropanoid pathway, regardless of N supply: phenolamides, especially caffeoylputrescine, were stimulated, impairing defence-related compounds such as chlorogenic acid. Inoculation of P. syringae produced strong and sustainable systemic responses. By contrast, inoculation of P. corrugata induced local and transient responses. The effects of pathogens on plant growth and leaf gas exchanges appeared to be independant of N supply. This work shows that the same genus of plant pathogens with different infection strategies can mediate contrasted plant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Royer
- INRA, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Romain Larbat
- INRA, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jacques Le Bot
- INRA, UR 1115 "Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles", CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Stéphane Adamowicz
- INRA, UR 1115 "Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles", CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Philippe C Nicot
- INRA, UR 407 "Pathologie végétale", CS 60094, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Robin
- INRA, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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31
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Zhang L, Yang M, Gao J, Jin S, Wu Z, Wu L, Zhang X. Seasonal variation and gender pattern of phenolic and flavonoid contents in Pistacia chinensis Bunge inflorescences and leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:36-44. [PMID: 26717010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pistacia chinensis Bunge (P. chinensis) is a deciduous and dioecious perennial arbor of the family Anacardiaceae that flowers from March to April and bears fruit from September to October. There are three rapidly growing stages in the annual growth process of P. chinensis. However, the knowledge of the secondary metabolites related to P. chinensis gender and growth season remains scant. In this study, HPLC was used to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the content of the catechin hydrate, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol contents in male and female tree inflorescences and leaves. Total phenolics and flavonoids were also detected using a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the contents of these compounds fluctuated with seasons and they reached the highest levels in nascent leaves. The fluctuations of these compounds followed different pathways of evolution, by increasing or decreasing in male and female trees throughout the whole growth process because they had their own biological functions. Moreover, the extracts exhibited DPPH radical scavenging bioactivity and showed no significant cytotoxicity towards 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Together, these results demonstrated that P. chinensis has great potential as an antioxidant medicine, and the best harvest time is in the spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Lacroix C, Renner K, Cole E, Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Malmstrom CM. Methodological Guidelines for Accurate Detection of Viruses in Wild Plant Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1966-1975. [PMID: 26773088 PMCID: PMC4784055 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03538-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in assessing microbial dynamics is increasing exponentially, but guidelines for detection of microorganisms in wild plants remain limited, particularly so for plant viruses. To address this gap, we explored issues and solutions associated with virus detection by serological and molecular methods in noncrop plant species as applied to the globally important Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (Luteoviridae), which infects wild native plants as well as crops. With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we demonstrate how virus detection in a perennial wild plant species may be much greater in stems than in leaves, although leaves are most commonly sampled, and may also vary among tillers within an individual, thereby highlighting the importance of designing effective sampling strategies. With reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we demonstrate how inhibitors in tissues of perennial wild hosts can suppress virus detection but can be overcome with methods and products that improve isolation and amplification of nucleic acids. These examples demonstrate the paramount importance of testing and validating survey designs and virus detection methods for noncrop plant communities to ensure accurate ecological surveys and reliable assumptions about virus dynamics in wild hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lacroix
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- INRA, UR0407 Plant Pathology, Montfavet, France
| | - Kurra Renner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ellen Cole
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carolyn M Malmstrom
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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