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Zhao T, Arbelet-Bonnin D, Tran D, Monetti E, Lehner A, Meimoun P, Kadono T, Dauphin A, Errakhi R, Reboutier D, Cangémi S, Kawano T, Mancuso S, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H, Laurenti P, Bouteau F. Biphasic activation of survival and death pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells by sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110844. [PMID: 33691971 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stresses represent some of the most serious abiotic factors that adversely affect plants growth, development and fitness. Despite their central role, the early cellular events that lead to plant adaptive responses remain largely unknown. In this study, using Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells we analyzed early cellular responses to sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. We observed biphasic and dual responses of A. thaliana cultured cells to sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. A first set of events, namely singlet oxygen (1O2) production and cell hyperpolarization due to a decrease in anion channel activity could participate to signaling and osmotic adjustment allowing cell adaptation and survival. A second set of events, namely superoxide anion (O2-) production by RBOHD-NADPH-oxidases and SLAC1 anion channel activation could participate in programmed cell death (PCD) of a part of the cell population. This set of events raises the question of how a survival pathway and a death pathway could be induced by the same hyperosmotic condition and what could be the meaning of the induction of two different behaviors in response to hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Tran
- former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Emanuela Monetti
- former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France; former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | - Takashi Kadono
- former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | | | - Rafik Errakhi
- former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Cangémi
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan; Université de Paris, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan; Université de Paris, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Laurenti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - François Bouteau
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France; former EA3514, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan.
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2
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Tran D, Dauphin A, Meimoun P, Kadono T, Nguyen HTH, Arbelet-Bonnin D, Zhao T, Errakhi R, Lehner A, Kawano T, Bouteau F. Methanol induces cytosolic calcium variations, membrane depolarization and ethylene production in arabidopsis and tobacco. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:849-860. [PMID: 29579139 PMCID: PMC6215043 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Methanol is a volatile organic compound released from plants through the action of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which demethylesterify cell wall pectins. Plant PMEs play a role in developmental processes but also in responses to herbivory and infection by fungal or bacterial pathogens. However, molecular mechanisms that explain how methanol could affect plant defences remain poorly understood. Methods Using cultured cells and seedlings from Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco BY2 expressing the apoaequorin gene, allowing quantification of cytosolic Ca2+, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe (CLA, Cypridina luciferin analogue) and electrophysiological techniques, we followed early plant cell responses to exogenously supplied methanol applied as a liquid or as volatile. Key Results Methanol induces cytosolic Ca2+ variations that involve Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane and Ca2+ release from internal stores. Our data further suggest that these Ca2+ variations could interact with different ROS and support a signalling pathway leading to well known plant responses to pathogens such as plasma membrane depolarization through anion channel regulation and ethylene synthesis. Conclusions Methanol is not only a by-product of PME activities, and our data suggest that [Ca2+]cyt variations could participate in signalling processes induced by methanol upstream of plant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tran
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology & Cell Information Systems Group, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurélien Dauphin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7622–IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hieu T H Nguyen
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Delphine Arbelet-Bonnin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - Rafik Errakhi
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Eurofins Agriscience Service, Marocco
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, SFR Normandie végétal, Rouen, France
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
- LINV Kitakyushu Research Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | - François Bouteau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
- LINV Kitakyushu Research Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
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3
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Monetti E, Kadono T, Tran D, Azzarello E, Arbelet-Bonnin D, Biligui B, Briand J, Kawano T, Mancuso S, Bouteau F. Deciphering early events involved in hyperosmotic stress-induced programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1361-75. [PMID: 24420571 PMCID: PMC3969528 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stresses represent one of the major constraints that adversely affect plants growth, development, and productivity. In this study, the focus was on early responses to hyperosmotic stress- (NaCl and sorbitol) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) increase, ion fluxes, and mitochondrial potential variations, and on their links in pathways leading to programmed cell death (PCD). By using BY-2 tobacco cells, it was shown that both NaCl- and sorbitol-induced PCD seemed to be dependent on superoxide anion (O2·(-)) generation by NADPH-oxidase. In the case of NaCl, an early influx of sodium through non-selective cation channels participates in the development of PCD through mitochondrial dysfunction and NADPH-oxidase-dependent O2·(-) generation. This supports the hypothesis of different pathways in NaCl- and sorbitol-induced cell death. Surprisingly, other shared early responses, such as [Ca(2+)]cyt increase and singlet oxygen production, do not seem to be involved in PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Monetti
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan
| | - Daniel Tran
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Delphine Arbelet-Bonnin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bernadette Biligui
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joël Briand
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
| | - François Bouteau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (UMR8236), Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- LINV-DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan
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4
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Haapalainen M, Dauphin A, Li CM, Bailly G, Tran D, Briand J, Bouteau F, Taira S. HrpZ harpins from different Pseudomonas syringae pathovars differ in molecular interactions and in induction of anion channel responses in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 51:168-74. [PMID: 22153254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
HrpZ, a type three secretion system helper protein from the plant-pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, can be recognized by many plants as a defence elicitor. Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells to different HrpZ variants were studied by electrophysiological methods and cell death assay. Purified HrpZ originating from a compatible pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (HrpZ(Pto)) and incompatible P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (HrpZ(Pph)) both promoted Arabidopsis cell death. As an early response, both HrpZ variants induced an increase in time dependent K(+) outward rectifying current. In contrast, the effects of HrpZ proteins on anion currents were different: HrpZ(Pph) had no effect, and HrpZ(Pto) induced an anion current increase. This suggests that the observed responses of the K(+) channels and anion channels resulted from different and separable interactions and that the interaction implied in anion current modulation is host-specific. HrpZ(Pto) and HrpZ(Pph) also had a different sequence preference in phage display screen for peptide-binding. These peptides presumably represent a part of a putative target protein in the host, and HrpZ proteins of different P. syringae pathovars might have different binding specificities to match the allelic variation between plant species. Supporting the idea that the peptide-binding region of HrpZ is important for interactions with host cell components, we found that a mutation in that region changed the anion channel response of Arabidopsis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haapalainen
- General Microbiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Kadono T, Tran D, Errakhi R, Hiramatsu T, Meimoun P, Briand J, Iwaya-Inoue M, Kawano T, Bouteau F. Increased anion channel activity is an unavoidable event in ozone-induced programmed cell death. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13373. [PMID: 20967217 PMCID: PMC2954175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is a major secondary air pollutant often reaching high concentrations in urban areas under strong daylight, high temperature and stagnant high-pressure systems. Ozone in the troposphere is a pollutant that is harmful to the plant. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By exposing cells to a strong pulse of ozonized air, an acute cell death was observed in suspension cells of Arabidopsis thaliana used as a model. We demonstrated that O(3) treatment induced the activation of a plasma membrane anion channel that is an early prerequisite of O(3)-induced cell death in A. thaliana. Our data further suggest interplay of anion channel activation with well known plant responses to O(3), Ca(2+) influx and NADPH-oxidase generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating the oxidative cell death. This interplay might be fuelled by several mechanisms in addition to the direct ROS generation by O(3); namely, H(2)O(2) generation by salicylic and abscisic acids. Anion channel activation was also shown to promote the accumulation of transcripts encoding vacuolar processing enzymes, a family of proteases previously reported to contribute to the disruption of vacuole integrity observed during programmed cell death. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our data indicate that anion efflux is an early key component of morphological and biochemical events leading to O(3)-induced programmed cell death. Because ion channels and more specifically anion channels assume a crucial position in cells, an understanding about the underlying role(s) for ion channels in the signalling pathway leading to programmed cell death is a subject that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kadono
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Daniel Tran
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Rafik Errakhi
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Takuya Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Joël Briand
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Mari Iwaya-Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - François Bouteau
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
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6
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Degrave A, Fagard M, Perino C, Brisset MN, Gaubert S, Laroche S, Patrit O, Barny MA. Erwinia amylovora type three-secreted proteins trigger cell death and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:1076-1086. [PMID: 18616404 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-8-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is the bacterium responsible for fire blight, a necrotic disease affecting plants of the rosaceous family. E. amylovora pathogenicity requires a functional type three secretion system (T3SS). We show here that E. amylovora triggers a T3SS-dependent cell death on Arabidopsis thaliana. The plants respond by inducing T3SS-dependent defense responses, including salicylic acid (SA)-independent callose deposition, activation of the SA defense pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and part of the jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathway. Several of these reactions are similar to what is observed in host plants. We show that the cell death triggered by E. amylovora on A. thaliana could not be simply explained by the recognition of AvrRpt2 ea by the resistance gene product RPS2. We then analyzed the role of type three-secreted proteins (T3SPs) DspA/E, HrpN, and HrpW in the induction of cell death and defense reactions in A. thaliana following infection with the corresponding E. amylovora mutant strains. HrpN and DspA/E were found to play an important role in the induction of cell death, activation of defense pathways, and ROS accumulation. None of the T3SPs tested played a major role in the induction of SA-independent callose deposition. The relative importance of T3SPs in A. thaliana is correlated with their relative importance in the disease process on host plants, indicating that A. thaliana can be used as a model to study their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Degrave
- 1Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Pathogènes UMR 217 INRA/AgroParisTech/UPMC Paris VI, 16 rue Claude Bernard 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Reboutier D, Bouteau F. Harpins and ion channels modulations: Many ways to die. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:314-6. [PMID: 19841656 PMCID: PMC2634268 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.5.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Harpins are type three secretion system (TTSS) effectors. While few harpins are thought to be translocators of TTSS effectors through the host plasma membrane during plant/bacteria interactions, functions of many harpins remain for the moment mysterious. We recently showed that the HrpW(ea) harpin from Erwinia amylovora, at subnamolar concentration, was able to decrease defense responses triggered by another harpin from this bacteria, HrpN(ea). This antagonism could be the result of opposed anion channels modulations triggered by HrpW(ea) and HrpN(ea). At upper concentrations HrpW(ea) alone, or in combination with HrpN(ea), was able to induce cell death. This form of cell death involves strong ion channel activation and shares similarity with apoptosis volume decrease (AVD), a form of programmed cell death well described in animal cells. All these results suggest different ways for harpins to trigger cell death and highlight the role of ion channels during cell death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- LEM; EA 3514; Université Paris Diderot; Case 7069; Paris, France
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8
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Errakhi R, Dauphin A, Meimoun P, Lehner A, Reboutier D, Vatsa P, Briand J, Madiona K, Rona JP, Barakate M, Wendehenne D, Beaulieu C, Bouteau F. An early Ca2+ influx is a prerequisite to thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:4259-70. [PMID: 19015217 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of various Streptomyces scabies isolates involved in potato scab disease was correlated with the production of thaxtomin A. Since calcium is known as an essential second messenger associated with pathogen-induced plant responses and cell death, it was investigated whether thaxtomin A could induce a Ca2+ influx related to cell death and to other putative plant responses using Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells, which is a convenient model to study plant-microbe interactions. A. thaliana cells were treated with micromolar concentrations of thaxtomin A. Cell death was quantified and ion flux variations were analysed from electrophysiological measurements with the apoaequorin Ca2+ reporter protein and by external pH measurement. Involvement of anion and calcium channels in signal transduction leading to programmed cell death was determined by using specific inhibitors. These data suggest that this toxin induces a rapid Ca2+ influx and cell death in A. thaliana cell suspensions. Moreover, these data provide strong evidence that the Ca2+ influx induced by thaxtomin A is necessary to achieve this cell death and is a prerequisite to early thaxtomin A-induced responses: anion current increase, alkalization of the external medium, and the expression of PAL1 coding for a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Errakhi
- LEM (EA 3514), Université Paris Diderot-Paris7, 2, place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris cedex 05, France
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9
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Reboutier D, Frankart C, Briand J, Biligui B, Rona JP, Haapalainen M, Barny MA, Bouteau F. Antagonistic action of harpin proteins: HrpWea from Erwinia amylovora suppresses HrpNea-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:3271-8. [PMID: 17726062 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.011098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Harpins are proteins secreted by the type-three secretion system of phytopathogenic bacteria. They are known to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plant leaf tissue. Erwinia amylovora, the fire blight pathogen of pear and apple trees, secretes two different harpins, HrpNea and HrpWea. In the present study, we showed that an Erwinia amylovora hrpWea mutant induces stronger electrolyte leakages in Arabidopsis thaliana foliar disks than the wild-type strain, thus suggesting that HrpWea could function as a HR negative modulator. We confirmed this result by using purified HrpWea and HrpNea. HrpWea has dual effects depending on its concentration. At 200 nM, HrpWea, like HrpNea, provoked the classical defense response--active oxygen species (AOS) production and cell death. However, at 0.2 nM, HrpWea inhibited cell death and AOS production provoked by HrpNea. HrpWea probably inhibits HrpNea-induced cell death by preventing anion channel inhibition, confirming that anion channel regulation is a determinant feature of the plant response to harpins. Collectively our data show that the HrpWea harpin can act antagonistically to the classical HrpNea harpin by suppressing plant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- LEM, EA 3514, Université Paris Diderot, Case 7069, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 5, France
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10
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de Angeli A, Thomine S, Frachisse JM, Ephritikhine G, Gambale F, Barbier-Brygoo H. Anion channels and transporters in plant cell membranes. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2367-74. [PMID: 17434490 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anion channels/transporters appear as key players in signaling pathways leading to the adaptation of plant cells to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses, in the control of metabolism and in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients. Focusing on the most recent advances, this review aims at providing a description of the role of these channels in various physiological functions such as control of stomatal movements, plant-pathogen interaction, xylem loading, compartmentalization of metabolites and coupling with proton gradients. These functions have been demonstrated by a combination of electrophysiology, pharmacology and genetics approaches, the key issue being to identify the corresponding proteins and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis de Angeli
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Reboutier D, Frankart C, Briand J, Biligui B, Laroche S, Rona JP, Barny MA, Bouteau F. The HrpN(ea) harpin from Erwinia amylovora triggers differential responses on the nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana cells and on the host apple cells. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2007; 20:94-100. [PMID: 17249426 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative necrogenic bacterium causing fire blight of the Maloideae subfamily of Rosaceae such as apple and pear. It provokes progressive necrosis in aerial parts of susceptible host plants (compatible interaction) and a hypersensitive reaction (HR) when infiltrated in nonhost plants (incompatible interaction). The HrpN(ea) harpin is a type three secretion system effector secreted by E. amylovora. This protein is involved in pathogenicity and HR-eliciting capacity of E. amylovora. In the present study, we showed that, in nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana cells, purified HrpN(ea) induces cell death and H2O2 production, two nonhost resistance responses, but failed to induce such responses in host MM106 apple cells. Moreover, HrpN(ea) induced an increase in anion current in host MM106 apple cells, at the opposite of the decrease of anion current previously shown to be necessary to induce cell death in nonhost A. thaliana cells. These results suggest that HrpN(ea) induced different signaling pathways, which could account for early induced compatible or incompatible interaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- LEM, EA 3514, Université Paris 7, Case 7069, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris 5, France
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12
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Garcia-Brugger A, Lamotte O, Vandelle E, Bourque S, Lecourieux D, Poinssot B, Wendehenne D, Pugin A. Early signaling events induced by elicitors of plant defenses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:711-24. [PMID: 16838784 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogen attacks are perceived through pathogen-issued compounds or plant-derived molecules that elicit defense reactions. Despite the large variety of elicitors, general schemes for cellular elicitor signaling leading to plant resistance can be drawn. In this article, we review early signaling events that happen after elicitor perception, including reversible protein phosphorylations, changes in the activities of plasma membrane proteins, variations in free calcium concentrations in cytosol and nucleus, and production of nitric oxide and active oxygen species. These events occur within the first minutes to a few hours after elicitor perception. One specific elicitor transduction pathway can use a combination or a partial combination of such events which can differ in kinetics and intensity depending on the stimulus. The links between the signaling events allow amplification of the signal transduction and ensure specificity to get appropriate plant defense reactions. This review first describes the early events induced by cryptogein, an elicitor of tobacco defense reactions, in order to give a general scheme for signal transduction that will be use as a thread to review signaling events monitored in different elicitor or plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Garcia-Brugger
- UMR 1088 INRA/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante Microbe Environnement, INRA, Dijon, France.
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13
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Bouizgarne B, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H, Frankart C, Reboutier D, Madiona K, Pennarun AM, Monestiez M, Trouverie J, Amiar Z, Briand J, Brault M, Rona JP, Ouhdouch Y, El Hadrami I, Bouteau F. Early physiological responses of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to fusaric acid: toxic and signalling effects. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 169:209-18. [PMID: 16390432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is a toxin produced by Fusarium species. Most studies on FA have reported toxic effects (for example, alteration of cell growth, mitochondrial activity and membrane permeability) at concentrations greater than 10(-5) m. FA participates in fungal pathogenicity by decreasing plant cell viability. However, FA is also produced by nonpathogenic Fusarii, potential biocontrol agents of vascular wilt fusaria. The aim of this study was to determine whether FA, at nontoxic concentrations, could induce plant defence responses. Nontoxic concentrations of FA were determined from cell-growth and O2-uptake measurements on suspensions of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Ion flux variations were analysed from electrophysiological and pH measurements. H2O2 and cytosolic calcium were quantified by luminescence techniques. FA at nontoxic concentrations (i.e. below 10(-6) m) was able to induce the synthesis of phytoalexin, a classic delayed plant response to pathogen. FA could also induce rapid responses putatively involved in signal transduction, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, and an increase in cytosolic calcium and ion channel current modulations. FA can thus act as an elicitor at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouizgarne
- LEM (EA 3514), Université Paris 7, 2, Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05, France
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