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Nazir MA, Hasan M, Mustafa G, Tariq T, Ahmed MM, Golzari Dehno R, Ghorbanpour M. Zinc oxide nano-fertilizer differentially effect on morphological and physiological identity of redox-enzymes and biochemical attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:13091. [PMID: 38849601 PMCID: PMC11161468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of current study was to prepared zinc oxide nanofertilzers by ecofriendly friendly, economically feasible, free of chemical contamination and safe for biological use. The study focused on crude extract of Withania coagulans as reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO nano-particles. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. However, zinc oxide as green Nano fertilizer was used to analyze responses induced by different doses of ZnO NPs [0, 25, 50,100, 200 mg/l and Zn acetate (100 mg/l)] in Triticum aestivum (wheat). The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of foliar application of ZnO NPs were studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum) with aspect of biomass accumulation, morphological attributes, biochemical parameters and anatomical modifications. Wheat plant showed significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of growth parameters upon exposure to ZnO NPs at specific concentrations. In addition, wheat plant showed significant increase in biochemical attributes, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein contents. Antioxidant enzyme (POD, SOD, CAT) and total flavonoid content also confirmed nurturing impact on wheat plant. Increased stem, leaf and root anatomical parameters, all showed ZnO NPs mitigating capacity when applied to wheat. According to the current research, ZnO NPs application on wheat might be used to increase growth, yield, and Zn biofortification in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeba Anum Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Biotinformatics, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rosa Golzari Dehno
- Department of Agriculture, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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2
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Ghouili E, Sassi K, Jebara M, Hidri Y, Ouertani RN, Muhovski Y, Jebara SH, El Ayed M, Abdelkarim S, Chaieb O, Jallouli S, Kalleli F, M’hamdi M, Souissi F, Abid G. Physiological responses and expression of sugar associated genes in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) exposed to osmotic stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:135-150. [PMID: 33627968 PMCID: PMC7873190 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the major food legume crop in Tunisia. However, its growth and yield is strongly affected by water-limited environments. In this study, osmotic stress exhibited a negative effect on Bachar and Badii cultivar. Nevertheless, the deteriorating effects of osmotic stress were relatively low on studied parameters of Bachar due to its better efficiency to reduce oxidative damage by increasing enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Chlt), soluble sugars and leaf relative water content (RWC). GC-MS analysis determined a total of 11 soluble carbohydrates induced by osmotic stress and differentially accumulated in the both cultivars. Bachar showed elevated levels of mannose, glucose, galactose, ribose, rhamnose and myo-inositol which might help to maintain osmotic adjustment, membranes and proteins protection from the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species. Sugar metabolism related genes (VfNINV3, VfPHS2, VfFRK4, VfHXK1, VfGPI1, VfSTP1.1, VfpGlcT1.1, VfSTP5.1, VfpGlcT1.2, VfSWEET2.1, VfVINV2, VfSUS1, VfPGM1, VfSUT1.1, VfGPT1, VfSPS1, VfSPP1, VfPHS1, VfSUT4.1 and VfTMT1.1) were differentially expressed in both cultivars demonstrating their important roles in sugar accumulation. Most of these genes were upregulated in the leaves of Bachar under moderate and severe stress, which could lead to increase glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in order to accelerate energy production, necessary to increase osmotic regulation and consequently enhancing the osmotic stress tolerance in that cultivar. Overall, sugars accumulation ability can be used as a useful indicator for the osmotic stress tolerant potential in faba bean breeding programs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ghouili
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Sassi
- Laboratory of Agronomy, National Agronomy Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Avenue Charles Nicolle, BP 43, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Hidri
- Laboratory of Integrated Olive Production, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Rim Nefissi Ouertani
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, BP 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Salwa Harzalli Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Chaieb
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kalleli
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Vegetable Crops, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud M’hamdi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Vegetable Crops, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Souissi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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3
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Quais MK, Munawar A, Ansari NA, Zhou WW, Zhu ZR. Interactions between brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and salinity stressed rice (Oryza sativa) plant are cultivar-specific. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8051. [PMID: 32415213 PMCID: PMC7229203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress triggers changes in plant morphology, physiology and molecular responses which can subsequently influence plant-insect interactions; however, these consequences remain poorly understood. We analyzed plant biomass, insect population growth rates, feeding behaviors and plant gene expression to characterize the mechanisms of the underlying interactions between the rice plant and brown planthopper (BPH) under salinity stress. Plant bioassays showed that plant growth and vigor losses were higher in control and low salinity conditions compared to high salinity stressed TN1 (salt-planthopper susceptible cultivar) in response to BPH feeding. In contrast, the losses were higher in the high salinity treated TPX (salt-planthopper resistant cultivar). BPH population growth was reduced on TN1, but increased on TPX under high salinity condition compared to the control. This cultivar-specific effect was reflected in BPH feeding behaviors on the corresponding plants. Quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transcripts indicated that salinity-induced down-regulation of ABA signaling increased SA-dependent defense in TN1. While, up-regulation of ABA related genes in salinity stressed TPX resulted in the decrease in SA-signaling genes. Thus, ABA and SA antagonism might be a key element in the interaction between BPH and salinity stress. Taken together, we concluded that plant-planthopper interactions are markedly shaped by salinity and might be cultivar specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khairul Quais
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Senior Scientific Officer, Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Asim Munawar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naved Ahmad Ansari
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chang J, Cheong BE, Natera S, Roessner U. Morphological and metabolic responses to salt stress of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars which differ in salinity tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:427-435. [PMID: 31639558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is one of the most important abiotic stressors for crop growth and productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as the major food source around the world, is very sensitive to salt, especially at seedling stage. In order to examine how salt stress influences the metabolism of rice, we compared the levels of a range of sugars and organic acids in three rice cultivars with different tolerance under salt stress over time. According to the morphological result, the shoot length and root fresh weight were only affected by salinity in the salt sensitive cultivar (Nipponbare). The responses of metabolites to salinity were time-, tissue- and cultivar-dependent. Shikimate and quinate, involved in the shikimate pathway, were dramatically decreased in the leaves of all three cultivars, which was regarded as a response to salinity. Many sugars in the leaves of the salt tolerant cultivar (Dendang and Fatmawati) showed earlier increases to salt stress compared to Nipponbare leaves. Moreover, only in the leaves of tolerant cultivars (Dendang and Fatimawati), malate was significantly decreased while sucrose was significantly increased. In Dendang roots, mannitol levels were significantly higher than in Nipponbare roots after 14 days of salt treatment, which may be attributed to its higher salt tolerance. It is proposed that these responses in the more tolerant cultivars are involved in their resistance to high salt stress which may lay the foundation for breeding tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Bo Eng Cheong
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Siria Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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5
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Marček T, Hamow KÁ, Végh B, Janda T, Darko E. Metabolic response to drought in six winter wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212411. [PMID: 30779775 PMCID: PMC6380608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereals, whose growth and development is strongly limited by drought. This study investigated the physiological and metabolic response of six winter wheat cultivars to drought with the emphasis on the induction of dominant metabolites affected by the treatment and genotypes or both. The plants were exposed to a moderate (non-lethal) drought stress, which was induced by withholding watering for six days under controlled greenhouse conditions. A decline in CO2 assimilation (Pn) and transpiration rate, stomata closure, a decrease in relative water content (RWC) and increase of malondialdehyde content were observed in drought-treated plants of all cultivars. These changes were most pronounced in Ellvis, while Soissons was able to retain the higher RWC and Pn. Among the studied metabolites, sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, several disaccharides), organic acids (malic acid, oxalic acids), amino acids (proline, threonine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine) and sugar alcohols such as myo-inositol accumulated to higher levels in the plants exposed to drought stress in comparison with the control. The accumulation of several metabolites in response to drought differed between the genotypes. Drought induced the production of sucrose, malic acid and oxalic acid, unknown organic acid 1, unknown disaccharide 1, 2 and 3, GABA, L-threonine, glutamic acid in four (Soissons, Žitarka, Antonija or Toborzó) out of six genotypes. In addition, Soissons, which was the most drought tolerant genotype, accumulated the highest amount of unknown disaccharide 5, galactonic and phosphoric acids. The two most drought sensitive cultivars, Srpanjka and Ellvis, demonstrated different metabolic adjustment in response to the stress treatment. Srpanjka responded to drought by increasing the amount of glucose and fructose originated from hydrolyses of sucrose and accumulating unidentified sugar alcohols 1 and 2. In Ellvis, drought caused inhibition of photosynthetic carbon metabolism, as evidence by the decreased Pn, gs, RWC and accumulation levels of sugar metabolites (sucrose, glucose and fructose). The results revealed the differences in metabolic response to drought among the genotypes, which drew attention on metabolites related with general response and on those metabolites which are part of specific response that may play an important role in drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Marček
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Végh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eva Darko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Redox poise and metabolite changes in bread wheat seeds are advanced by priming with hot steam. Biochem J 2018; 475:3725-3743. [PMID: 30401685 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fast and uniform germination is key to agricultural production and can be achieved by seed 'priming' techniques. Here, we characterised the responses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds to a hot steam treatment ('BioFlash'), which accelerated water uptake, resulting in faster germination and seedling growth, typical traits of primed seed. Before the completion of germination, metabolite profiling of seeds revealed advanced accumulation of several amino acids (especially cysteine and serine), sugars (ribose, glucose), and organic acids (glycerate, succinate) in hot steam-treated seeds, whereas sugar alcohols (e.g. arabitol, mannitol) and trehalose decreased in all seeds. Tocochromanols (the 'vitamin E family') rose independently of the hot steam treatment. We further assessed shifts in the half-cell reduction potentials of low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiol-disulfide redox couples [i.e. glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH) and cystine/cysteine], alongside the activities of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-processing enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Upon the first 4 h of imbibition, a rapid conversion of LMW disulfides to thiols occurred. Completion of germination was associated with a re-oxidation of the LMW thiol-disulfide cellular redox environment, before more reducing conditions were re-established during seedling growth, accompanied by an increase in all ROS-processing enzyme activities. Furthermore, changes in the thiol-disulfide cellular redox state were associated to specific stages of wheat seed germination. In conclusion, the priming effect of the hot steam treatment advanced the onset of seed metabolism, including redox shifts associated with germination and seedling growth.
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Proteomics analysis reveals that nitric oxide regulates photosynthesis of maize seedlings under water deficiency. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Nam KH, Shin HJ, Pack IS, Park JH, Kim HB, Kim CG. Metabolomic changes in grains of well-watered and drought-stressed transgenic rice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:807-14. [PMID: 25716954 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought induces a number of physiological and biochemical responses in cereals. This study was designed to examine the metabolite changes in grains of drought-tolerant transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) that overexpresses AtCYP78A7 encoding cytochrome P450 protein using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Principal component analysis showed that the (1)H-NMR-based profile was clearly separated by soil water status of well-watered and water-deficit. A discrimination of metabolites between transgenic and non-transgenic grains appeared under both watering regimes. Variations in the levels of amino acids and sugars led to the discrimination of metabolites among genotypes. In particular, drought significantly enhanced the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 244.6%), fructose (155.7%), glucose (211.0%), glycerol (57.2%), glycine (65.8%) and aminoethanol (192.4%) in the transgenic grains compared with the non-transgenic control grains. CONCLUSION These changes in amounts of metabolites may assist in improving drought tolerance in transgenic rice by playing crucial roles in stress-responsive pathways including GABA biosynthesis, sucrose metabolism and antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hee Nam
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Shin
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Pack
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd, Bucheon 420-020, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Lahuta LB, Pluskota WE, Stelmaszewska J, Szablińska J. Dehydration induces expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1306-14. [PMID: 25014266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The exposition of 7-day-old pea seedlings to dehydration induced sudden changes in the concentration of monosaccharides and sucrose in epicotyl and roots tissues. During 24h of dehydration, the concentration of glucose and, to a lesser extent, fructose in seedling tissues decreased. The accumulation of sucrose was observed in roots after 4h and in epicotyls after 8h of stress. Epicotyls and roots also began to accumulate galactinol and raffinose after 8h of stress, when small changes in the water content of tissues occurred. The accumulation of galactinol and raffinose progressed parallel to water withdrawal from tissues, but after seedling rehydration both galactosides disappeared. The synthesis of galactinol and raffinose by an early induction (during the first hour of treatment) of galactinol synthase (PsGolS) and raffinose synthase (PsRS) gene expression as well as a later increase in the activity of both enzymes was noted. Signals possibly triggering the induction of PsGolS and PsRS gene expression and accumulation of galactinol and raffinose in seedlings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław B Lahuta
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Wioletta E Pluskota
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Stelmaszewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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10
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Kendziorek M, Paszkowski A, Zagdańska B. Differential regulation of alanine aminotransferase homologues by abiotic stresses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1105-17. [PMID: 22327955 PMCID: PMC3351597 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings contain four alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) homologues. Two of them encode AlaAT enzymes, whereas two homologues act as glumate:glyoxylate aminotransferase (GGAT). To address the function of the distinct AlaAT homologues a comparative examination of the changes in transcript level together with the enzyme activity and alanine and glutamate content in wheat seedlings subjected to low oxygen availability, nitrogen and light deficiency has been studied. Shoots of wheat seedlings were more tolerant to hypoxia than the roots as judging on the basis of enzyme activity and transcript level. Hypoxia induced AlaAT1 earlier in roots than in shoots, while AlaAT2 and GGAT were unaffected. The increase in AlaAT activity lagged behind the increase in alanine content. Nitrogen deficiency has little effect on the activity of GGAT. In contrast, lower activity of AlaAT and the level of mRNA for AlaAT1 and AlaAT2 in wheat seedlings growing on a nitrogen-free medium seems to indicate that AlaAT is regulated by the availability of nitrogen. Both AlaAT and GGAT activities were present in etiolated wheat seedlings but their activity was half of that observed in light-grown seedlings. Exposure of etiolated seedlings to light caused an increase in enzyme activities and up-regulated GGAT1. It is proposed that hypoxia-induced AlaAT1 and light-induced peroxisomal GGAT1 appears to be crucial for the regulation of energy availability in plants grown under unfavourable environmental conditions. Key message In young wheat seedlings, both AlaAT and GGAT are down-regulated by nitrogen deficiency, whereas AlaAT1 is upregulated by hypoxia and GGAT1 by light.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/metabolism
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Anaerobiosis/drug effects
- Anaerobiosis/genetics
- Anaerobiosis/radiation effects
- Base Sequence
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Light
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nitrogen/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Plant Roots/drug effects
- Plant Roots/enzymology
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Plant Roots/physiology
- Plant Shoots/drug effects
- Plant Shoots/enzymology
- Plant Shoots/genetics
- Plant Shoots/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seedlings/drug effects
- Seedlings/enzymology
- Seedlings/genetics
- Seedlings/radiation effects
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
- Transaminases/genetics
- Transaminases/metabolism
- Triticum/drug effects
- Triticum/enzymology
- Triticum/genetics
- Triticum/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kendziorek
- Biochemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Paszkowski
- Biochemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zagdańska
- Biochemistry Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Bowne JB, Erwin TA, Juttner J, Schnurbusch T, Langridge P, Bacic A, Roessner U. Drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of differing drought tolerance at the metabolite level. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:418-29. [PMID: 22207720 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought has serious effects on the physiology of cereal crops. At the cellular and specifically the metabolite level, many individual compounds are increased to provide osmoprotective functions, prevent the dissociation of enzymes, and to decrease the number of reactive oxygen species present in the cell. We have used a targeted GC-MS approach to identify compounds that differ in three different cultivars of bread wheat characterized by different levels of tolerance to drought under drought stress (Kukri, intolerant; Excalibur and RAC875, tolerant). Levels of amino acids, most notably proline, tryptophan, and the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine were increased under drought stress in all cultivars. In the two tolerant cultivars, a small decrease in a large number of organic acids was also evident. Excalibur, a cultivar genotypically related to Kukri, showed a pattern of response that was more similar to Kukri under well-watered conditions. Under drought stress, Excalibur and RAC875 had a similar response; however, Excalibur did not have the same magnitude of response as RAC875. Here, the results are discussed in the context of previous work in physiological and proteomic analyses of these cultivars under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairus B Bowne
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
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