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Rosa-Téllez S, Alcántara-Enguídanos A, Martínez-Seidel F, Casatejada-Anchel R, Saeheng S, Bailes CL, Erban A, Barbosa-Medeiros D, Alepúz P, Matus JT, Kopka J, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Krueger S, Roje S, Fernie AR, Ros R. The serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolic network orchestrates changes in nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and shapes plant development. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:404-426. [PMID: 37804096 PMCID: PMC10827325 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
L-serine (Ser) and L-glycine (Gly) are critically important for the overall functioning of primary metabolism. We investigated the interaction of the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) with the photorespiration-associated glycolate pathway of Ser biosynthesis (GPSB) using Arabidopsis thaliana PPSB-deficient lines, GPSB-deficient mutants, and crosses of PPSB with GPSB mutants. PPSB-deficient lines mainly showed retarded primary root growth. Mutation of the photorespiratory enzyme Ser-hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) in a PPSB-deficient background resumed primary root growth and induced a change in the plant metabolic pattern between roots and shoots. Grafting experiments demonstrated that metabolic changes in shoots were responsible for the changes in double mutant development. PPSB disruption led to a reduction in nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) contents in shoots and a general transcriptional response to nutrient deficiency. Disruption of SHMT1 boosted the Gly flux out of the photorespiratory cycle, which increased the levels of the one-carbon (1C) metabolite 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and S-adenosylmethionine. Furthermore, disrupting SHMT1 reverted the transcriptional response to N and S deprivation and increased N and S contents in shoots of PPSB-deficient lines. Our work provides genetic evidence of the biological relevance of the Ser-Gly-1C metabolic network in N and S metabolism and in interorgan metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea Alcántara-Enguídanos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Ruben Casatejada-Anchel
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sompop Saeheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clayton L Bailes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Paula Alepúz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I²SysBio, Universitat de València—CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstraße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Roc Ros
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Chai L, Wang H, Yu H, Pang E, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Girdling promotes tomato fruit enlargement by enhancing fruit sink strength and triggering cytokinin accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174403. [PMID: 37396637 PMCID: PMC10312241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Girdling is a horticultural technique that enhances fruit size by allocating more carbohydrates to fruits, yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, girdling was applied to the main stems of tomato plants 14 days after anthesis. Following girdling, there was a significant increase in fruit volume, dry weight, and starch accumulation. Interestingly, although sucrose transport to the fruit increased, the fruit's sucrose concentration decreased. Girdling also led to an increase in the activities of enzymes involved in sucrose hydrolysis and AGPase, and to an upregulation in the expression of key genes related to sugar transport and utilization. Moreover, the assay of carboxyfluorescein (CF) signal in detached fruit indicated that girdled fruits exhibited a greater ability to take up carbohydrates. These results indicate that girdling improves sucrose unloading and sugar utilization in fruit, thereby enhancing fruit sink strength. In addition, girdling induced cytokinin (CK) accumulation, promoted cell division in the fruit, and upregulated the expression of genes related to CK synthesis and activation. Furthermore, the results of a sucrose injection experiment suggested that increased sucrose import induced CK accumulation in the fruit. This study sheds light on the mechanisms by which girdling promotes fruit enlargement and provides novel insights into the interaction between sugar import and CK accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- *Correspondence: Qiang Li, ; Weijie Jiang,
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Quiroz MP, Blanco V, Zoffoli JP, Ayala M. Study of Mineral Composition and Quality of Fruit Using Vascular Restrictions in Branches of Sweet Cherry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1922. [PMID: 37653839 PMCID: PMC10223680 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and carbohydrate (CHO) supply in sweet cherry have been associated with fruit quality at harvest and during storage. There is little published information integrating CHO and Ca availability and distribution in sweet cherry and their effects on fruit quality. Accordingly, in the 2019-20 season, vascular restrictions were imposed on the phloem (girdling, G, stopping phloem flow) and xylem (transverse incision, S, cutting 50% of xylem cross-section area) of individual vertical branches of the sweet cherry combination 'Lapins'/Colt trained as Kym Green Bush system to modify mineral and CHO composition in fruit and associate such changes with quality at harvest and storage. The girdling to the phloem was used to induce changes in CHO distribution. The transverse incision to the xylem was a tool to modify Ca distribution. Five treatments (TR) were implemented: TR1-CTL = Control (without vascular restriction), TR2-G, at its base, TR3-G + G: at its base, and G further up at the change of year between the second and the third years of growth TR4--S and TR5-S + G. The vegetative (i.e., shoot and leaf growth), reproductive (i.e., fruit set and yield) development and stomatal conductance were monitored. Each branch was divided into the upper (1-and 2-year-old wood) and the lower (3-and 4-year-old wood) segments of the restriction applied. The quality and mineral composition (Ca, Mg, K, and N) of fruit borne on each segment were measured at harvest. The upper segment of TR3-G + G branches were harvested 10 d before the lower segment. The fruit from the upper segment of TR3-G + G was the largest, the sweetest, and had the higher titratable acidity concentration. However, fruits of this segment were the softest, had the lowest Ca concentrations, and had the highest ratios of N:Ca and K:Ca, compared with the other TRs. TR3-G + G branches developed the highest number of lateral current season shoots including shoots below the second girdling in the lower segment of the branch. This vegetative flow of growth would explain the mineral unbalance produced in the fruit from the upper segment of the branch. TR2-G did not register changes in fruit quality and mineral concentration compared with TR1-CTL. Surprisingly, the fruit from the branches with xylem restriction did not show changes in Ca concentration, suggesting that the xylem stream was enough to supply the fruit in branches without lateral shoot development. Fruit firmness was positively related to fruit Ca concentration and negatively related to the ratios of K:Ca and N:Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Quiroz
- Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, Chile
| | - Víctor Blanco
- Department of Horticulture, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Zoffoli
- Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, Chile
| | - Marlene Ayala
- Departmatento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago P.O. Box 78204360, Chile
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Sharif R, Su L, Chen X, Qi X. Hormonal interactions underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6497882. [PMID: 35031797 PMCID: PMC8788353 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In some horticultural crops, such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae species, fruit set and development can occur without the fertilization of ovules, a process known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that can not only mitigate fruit yield losses caused by environmental stresses but can also induce the development of seedless fruit, which is a desirable trait for consumers. In the present review, the induction of parthenocarpic fruit by the application of hormones such as auxins (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; naphthaleneacetic acid), cytokinins (forchlorfenuron; 6-benzylaminopurine), gibberellic acids, and brassinosteroids is first presented. Then, the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit formation, mainly related to plant hormones, are presented. Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are categorized as primary players in initiating fruit set. Other hormones, such as ethylene, brassinosteroids, and melatonin, also participate in parthenocarpic fruit formation. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between these hormones is crucial for deciding the fate of fruit set. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future directions of research on parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Dewar R, Hölttä T, Salmon Y. Exploring optimal stomatal control under alternative hypotheses for the regulation of plant sources and sinks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:639-654. [PMID: 34637543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence that nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis (NSLs) correlate with leaf sugar and/or leaf water status suggests the possibility that stomata adjust to maximise photosynthesis through a trade-off between leaf CO2 supply and NSLs, potentially involving source-sink interactions. However, the mechanisms regulating NSLs and sink strength, as well as their implications for stomatal control, remain uncertain. We used an analytically solvable model to explore optimal stomatal control under alternative hypotheses for source and sink regulation. We assumed that either leaf sugar concentration or leaf water potential regulates NSLs, and that either phloem turgor pressure or phloem sugar concentration regulates sink phloem unloading. All hypotheses led to realistic stomatal responses to light, CO2 and air humidity, including conservative behaviour for the intercellular-to-atmospheric CO2 concentration ratio. Sugar-regulated and water-regulated NSLs are distinguished by the presence/absence of a stomatal closure response to changing sink strength. Turgor-regulated and sugar-regulated phloem unloading are distinguished by the presence/absence of stomatal closure under drought and avoidance/occurrence of negative phloem turgor. Results from girdling and drought experiments on Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Populus tremula and Picea abies saplings are consistent with optimal stomatal control under sugar-regulated NSLs and turgor-regulated unloading. Our analytical results provide a simple representation of stomatal responses to above-ground and below-ground environmental factors and sink activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick Dewar
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Greer DH. Changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence in relation to leaf temperature from just before to after harvest of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz vines grown in outdoor conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:170-185. [PMID: 34883042 DOI: 10.1071/fp21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting fruit from horticultural species causes a down-regulation of photosynthesis but some species can recover after harvest. The objective of this study was to assess the hypothesis that the impact of fruit removal on the photosynthetic performance of Shiraz grapevines, in relation to CO2 concentration and leaf temperature, would contribute to a depreciation in photosynthetic assimilation. To assess this hypothesis, vines that were continuously vegetative were compared with vines that were harvested when fruit were ripe. These fruiting vines had higher rates of CO2 -limited photosynthesis at all leaf temperatures compared to vegetative vines before harvest but after, photosynthetic rates were highest in vegetative vines. There were few treatment differences in CO2 -saturated photosynthesis before harvest but after, below about 30°C, the harvested vines had higher photosynthesis than the vegetative vines. Maximum rates of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration and responses to temperature were unaffected by differences in sink demand but after harvest, maximum rates increased, but markedly more in the vegetative vines, especially at higher temperatures. This conformed to higher photosynthetic rates in the vegetative vines. There were no sink demand effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence, consistent with the evidence that the fruit sink removal probably affected Rubisco activity and performance. The conclusion that sink removal caused a depreciation in photosynthesis was sustained but the temperature had a strong modulating effect through both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations driving the depreciation in assimilation. What was less clear was why assimilation of continuously vegetative vines increased during the harvest time when there were no apparent changes in sink demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Ngao J, Martinez S, Marquier A, Bluy S, Saint-Joanis B, Costes E, Pallas B. Spatial variability in carbon- and nitrogen-related traits in apple trees: the effects of the light environment and crop load. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1933-1945. [PMID: 33249486 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light availability and on metabolic limitations such as the demand for carbon by sink organs. The relative effects of light and sink demand on photosynthesis in perennial plants such as trees remain poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize the relationships between light and fruit load on a range of leaf traits including photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate content, leaf structure, and nitrogen-related variables in fruiting ('ON') and non-fruiting ('OFF') 'Golden Delicious' apple trees. We show that crop status (at the tree scale) exerts a greater influence over leaf traits than the local light environment or the local fruit load. High rates of photosynthesis were observed in the ON trees. This was correlated with a high leaf nitrogen content. In contrast, little spatial variability in photosynthesis rates was observed in the OFF trees. The lack of variation in photosynthesis rates was associated with high leaf non-structural carbohydrate content at the tree level. Taken together, these results suggest that low carbon demand leads to feedback limitation on photosynthesis resulting in a low level of within-tree variability. These findings provide new insights into carbon and nitrogen allocations within trees, which are heavily dependent on carbon demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ngao
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Martinez
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - André Marquier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Bluy
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Evelyne Costes
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Pallas
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, AGAP, Montpellier, France
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Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of pear leaves under distinct training systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18892. [PMID: 33144674 PMCID: PMC7641215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canopy architecture is critical in determining the light interception and distribution, and subsequently the photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. However, the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms by which pear canopy architectural traits impact on photosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, physiological investigations coupled with comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed in pear leaves under distinct training systems. Compared with traditional freestanding system, flat-type trellis system (DP) showed higher net photosynthetic rate (PN) levels at the most time points throughout the entire monitored period, especially for the interior of the canopy in sunny side. Gene ontology analysis revealed that photosynthesis, carbohydrate derivative catabolic process and fatty acid metabolic process were over-represented in leaves of DP system with open-canopy characteristics. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovered a significant network module positive correlated with PN value. The hub genes (PpFKF1 and PpPRR5) of the module were enriched in circadian rhythm pathway, suggesting a functional role for circadian clock genes in mediating photosynthetic performance under distinct training systems. These results draw a link between pear photosynthetic response and specific canopy architectural traits, and highlight light harvesting and circadian clock network as potential targets for the input signals from the fluctuating light availability under distinct training systems.
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Salmon Y, Lintunen A, Dayet A, Chan T, Dewar R, Vesala T, Hölttä T. Leaf carbon and water status control stomatal and nonstomatal limitations of photosynthesis in trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:690-703. [PMID: 31955422 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic rate is concurrently limited by stomatal limitations and nonstomatal limitations (NSLs). However, the controls on NSLs to photosynthesis and their coordination with stomatal control on different timescales remain poorly understood. According to a recent optimization hypothesis, NSLs depend on leaf osmotic or water status and are coordinated with stomatal control so as to maximize leaf photosynthesis. Drought and notching experiments were conducted on Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula Pendula and Populus tremula seedlings in glasshouse conditions to study the dependence of NSLs on leaf osmotic and water status, and their coordination with stomatal control, on timescales of minutes and weeks, to test the assumptions and predictions of the optimization hypothesis. Both NSLs and stomatal conductance followed power-law functions of leaf osmotic concentration and leaf water potential. Moreover, stomatal conductance was proportional to the square root of soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance, as predicted by the optimization hypothesis. Though the detailed mechanisms underlying the dependence of NSLs on leaf osmotic or water status lie outside the scope of this study, our results support the hypothesis that NSLs and stomatal control are coordinated to maximize leaf photosynthesis and allow the effect of NSLs to be included in models of tree gas-exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexia Dayet
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tommy Chan
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Roderick Dewar
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Timo Vesala
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Michailidis M, Karagiannis E, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Sarrou E, Karamanoli K, Lazaridou A, Martens S, Molassiotis A. Proteomic and metabolic analysis reveals novel sweet cherry fruit development regulatory points influenced by girdling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:233-244. [PMID: 32086160 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the application of girdling technique for several centuries, its impact on the metabolic shifts that underly fruit biology remains fragmentary. To characterize the influence of girdling on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit development and ripening, second-year-old shoots of the cultivars 'Lapins' and 'Skeena' were girdled before full blossom. Fruit characteristics were evaluated across six developmental stages (S), from green-small fruit (stage S1) to full ripe stage (stage S6). In both cultivars, girdling significantly altered the fruit ripening physiognomy. Time course fruit metabolomic along with proteomic approaches unraveled common and cultivar-specific responses to girdling. Notably, several primary and secondary metabolites, such as soluble sugars (glucose, trehalose), alcohol (mannitol), phenolic compounds (rutin, naringenin-7-O-glucoside), including anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3.5-O-diglucoside) were accumulated by girdling, while various amino acids (glycine, threonine, asparagine) were decreased in both cultivars. Proteins predominantly associated with ribosome, DNA repair and recombination, chromosome, membrane trafficking, RNA transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and redox homeostasis were depressed in fruits of both girdled cultivars. This study provides the first system-wide datasets concerning metabolomic and proteomic changes in girdled fruits, which reveal that shoot girdling may induce long-term changes in sweet cherry metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece.
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Greer DH. Modelling the seasonal changes in the gas exchange response to CO 2 in relation to short-term leaf temperature changes in Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz grapevines grown in outdoor conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:372-383. [PMID: 31400541 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of temperature on the photosynthetic response of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz leaves to CO2 were investigated across the growing season and modelling was used to determine relationships between photosynthesis and seasonal climate. Results indicated that photosynthetic rates declined from spring to summer, conforming to the deciduous habit of grapevines. Rates of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration increased in a temperature dependent pattern throughout the season. However, the maximum rates decreased as the season progressed. There were also marked decreases in temperature sensitivity for each of these processes, consistent with the decreases occurring faster at high compared to low temperatures. There were no correlations between the seasonal climate and each of these photosynthetic processes but the effect of day was significant in all cases. CO2 saturated rates of photosynthesis (Amax) across the season were highly correlated with the maximum rates of RuBP carboxylation and regeneration. The transition temperature between RuBP regeneration and RuBP carboxylation-limited assimilation varied across the growing season, from 23 °C in spring, 35 °C in mid-summer and 30 °C at harvest and were highly correlated with mean day temperature. This suggested dynamic control of assimilation by carboxylation and regeneration processes occurred in these grapevines in tune with the seasonal climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- National Grape and Wine Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Greer DH. Modelling seasonal changes in the temperature-dependency of CO 2 photosynthetic responses in two Vitis vinifera cultivars. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:315-327. [PMID: 32290955 DOI: 10.1071/fp17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A study of photosynthesis of two grapevine cultivars, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay and cv. Merlot in relation to the seasonal climate and internal CO2 (Ci) concentration at leaf temperatures from 15 to 45°C was undertaken. Average rates of photosynthesis at saturating CO2 concentrations and all leaf temperatures were higher in Merlot compared with Chardonnay leaves. This was attributable to higher rates of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation (Vcmax) and regeneration (Jmax) in Merlot leaves. These differences in photosynthesis were extended as the season progressed, partly because rates of RuBP carboxylation and regeneration of Chardonnay leaves declined markedly whereas rates for Merlot leaves remained high. Although there was no cultivar difference in the seasonal average temperature optima for assimilation (34°C) and the underlying metabolism (40°C for Vcmax and 35°C for Jmax), for temperatures above 35°C, the Merlot leaves had 50% higher rates. Across the season, activation energies of the temperature sensitivity of Vcmax and Jmax declined in response to the seasonal climate but were consistently lower in Merlot than Chardonnay. This suggested some apparent differences in the biochemistry occurred between the two cultivars that limited assimilation in Chardonnay leaves, especially at higher temperatures, but did not limit assimilation in Merlot leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW Australia. Email
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Ohara T, Satake A. Photosynthetic Entrainment of the Circadian Clock Facilitates Plant Growth under Environmental Fluctuations: Perspectives from an Integrated Model of Phase Oscillator and Phloem Transportation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1859. [PMID: 29163586 PMCID: PMC5670358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants need to avoid carbon starvation and resultant growth inhibition under fluctuating light environments to ensure optimal growth and reproduction. As diel patterns of carbon metabolism are influenced by the circadian clock, appropriate regulation of the clock is essential for plants to properly manage their carbon resources. For proper adjustment of the circadian phase, higher plants utilize environmental signals such as light or temperature and metabolic signals such as photosynthetic products; the importance of the latter as phase regulators has been recently elucidated. A mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that is deficient in phase response to sugar has been shown, under fluctuating light conditions, to be unable to adjust starch turnover and to realize carbon homeostasis. Whereas, the effects of light entrainment on growth and survival of higher plants are well studied, the impact of phase regulation by sugar remains unknown. Here we show that endogenous sugar entrainment facilitates plant growth. We integrated two mathematical models, one describing the dynamics of carbon metabolism in A. thaliana source leaves and the other growth of sink tissues dependent on sucrose translocation from the source. The integrated model predicted that sugar-sensitive plants grow faster than sugar-insensitive plants under constant as well as changing photoperiod conditions. We found that sugar entrainment enables efficient carbon investment for growth by stabilizing sucrose supply to sink tissues. Our results highlight the importance of clock entrainment by both exogenous and endogenous signals for optimizing growth and increasing fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohara
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Hölttä T, Lintunen A, Chan T, Mäkelä A, Nikinmaa E. A steady-state stomatal model of balanced leaf gas exchange, hydraulics and maximal source-sink flux. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:851-868. [PMID: 28338800 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees must simultaneously balance their CO2 uptake rate via stomata, photosynthesis, the transport rate of sugars and rate of sugar utilization in sinks while maintaining a favourable water and carbon balance. We demonstrate using a numerical model that it is possible to understand stomatal functioning from the viewpoint of maximizing the simultaneous photosynthetic production, phloem transport and sink sugar utilization rate under the limitation that the transpiration-driven hydrostatic pressure gradient sets for those processes. A key feature in our model is that non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis increase with decreasing leaf water potential and/or increasing leaf sugar concentration and are thus coupled to stomatal conductance. Maximizing the photosynthetic production rate using a numerical steady-state model leads to stomatal behaviour that is able to reproduce the well-known trends of stomatal behaviour in response to, e.g., light, vapour concentration difference, ambient CO2 concentration, soil water status, sink strength and xylem and phloem hydraulic conductance. We show that our results for stomatal behaviour are very similar to the solutions given by the earlier models of stomatal conductance derived solely from gas exchange considerations. Our modelling results also demonstrate how the 'marginal cost of water' in the unified stomatal conductance model and the optimal stomatal model could be related to plant structural and physiological traits, most importantly, the soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance and soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommy Chan
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Nikinmaa
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Pan Y, Lu Z, Lu J, Li X, Cong R, Ren T. Effects of low sink demand on leaf photosynthesis under potassium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 113:110-121. [PMID: 28196349 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between low sink demand and potassium (K) deficiency in leaf photosynthesis was not intensively investigated, therefore this interaction was investigated in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Plants subjected to sufficient (+K) or insufficient (-K) K supply treatments were maintained or removed their flowers and pods; these conditions were defined as high sink demand (HS) or low sink demand (LS), respectively. The low sink demand induced a lower photosynthetic rate (Pn), especially in the -K treatment during the first week. A negative relationship between Pn and carbohydrate concentration was observed in the -K treatment but not in the +K treatment, suggesting that the decrease in Pn in the -K treatment was the result of sink feedback regulation under low sink demand. Longer sink removal duration increased carbohydrate concentration, but the enhanced assimilate did not influence Pn. On the contrary, low sink demand resulted in a high K concentration, slower chloroplast degradation rate and better PSII activity, inducing a higher Pn compared with HS. Consequently, low sink demand decreased leaf photosynthesis over the short term due to sink feedback regulation, and potassium deficiency enhanced the photosynthetic decrease through carbohydrate accumulation and a lower carbohydrate concentration threshold for initiating photosynthesis depression. A longer duration of limited sink demand and sufficient potassium supply resulted in a higher photosynthesis rate because of delayed chloroplast degradation. This finding indicates that the nutritional status plays a role in leaf photosynthesis variations due to sink-source manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Liu JF, Arend M, Yang WJ, Schaub M, Ni YY, Gessler A, Jiang ZP, Rigling A, Li MH. Effects of drought on leaf carbon source and growth of European beech are modulated by soil type. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42462. [PMID: 28195166 PMCID: PMC5307967 DOI: 10.1038/srep42462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought potentially affects carbon balance and growth of trees, but little is known to what extent soil plays a role in the trade-off between carbon gain and growth investment. In the present study, we analyzed leaf non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) as an indicator of the balance of photosynthetic carbon gain and carbon use, as well as growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings, which were grown on two different soil types (calcareous and acidic) in model ecosystems and subjected to a severe summer drought. Our results showed that drought led in general to increased total NSC concentrations and to decreased growth rate, and drought reduced shoot and stem growth of plants in acidic soil rather than in calcareous soil. This result indicated that soil type modulated the carbon trade-off between net leaf carbon gain and carbon investment to growth. In drought-stressed trees, leaf starch concentration and growth correlated negatively whereas soluble sugar:starch ratio and growth correlated positively, which may contribute to a better understanding of growth regulation under drought conditions. Our results emphasize the role of soil in determining the trade-off between the balance of carbon gain and carbon use on the leaf level and growth under stress (e.g. drought).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arend
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wen-Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yan-Yan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ze-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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17
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Tang G, Li X, Lin L, Guo H, Li L. Combined effects of girdling and leaf removal on fluorescence characteristic of Alhagi sparsifolia leaf senescence. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:980-9. [PMID: 25662611 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant senescence is largely influenced by carbohydrate content. In order to investigate the impact of carbohydrate content on leaf senescence and photosystem II (PSII) during the senescence process, phloem girdling (PG), leaf removal (LR) and a combination of phloem girdling and leaf removal (GR) were performed on Alhagi sparsifolia (Fabaceae) at the end of the growing season. The results showed that during senescence, leaf soluble sugar content, starch content, the energy absorbed by the unit reaction centre (ABS/RC) increased; whereas, leaf photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigment content, maximum photochemical efficiency (φPo ) and energy used by the acceptor site in electron transfer (ETo/RC) decreased. The degree of change was PG > GR > CK (control) > LR. The results of the present work implied that phloem girdling (PG) significantly accelerated leaf senescence, and that single leaf removal (LR) slightly delayed leaf senescence; although leaf removal significantly delayed the senescence process on the girdled leaf (GR). Natural or delayed senescence only slightly inhibited the acceptor site of PSII and did not damage the donor site of PSII. On the other hand, induced senescence not only damaged the donor site of PSII (e.g. oxygen-evolving complex), but also significantly inhibited the acceptor site of PSII. In addition, leaf senescence led to an increase in the energy absorbed by the unit reaction centre (ABS/RC), which subsequently resulted in increasing excitation pressure in the reaction centre (DIo/RC), as well as additional saved Car for absorbing residual light energy and quenching reactive oxygen species during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - L Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - H Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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18
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Lobo AKM, de Oliveira Martins M, Lima Neto MC, Machado EC, Ribeiro RV, Silveira JAG. Exogenous sucrose supply changes sugar metabolism and reduces photosynthesis of sugarcane through the down-regulation of Rubisco abundance and activity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:113-21. [PMID: 25863283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic modulation by sugars has been known for many years, but the biochemical and molecular comprehension of this process is lacking. We studied how the exogenous sucrose supplied to leaves could affect sugar metabolism in leaf, sheath and stalk and inhibit photosynthesis in four-month old sugarcane plants. Exogenous sucrose 50mM sprayed on attached leaves strongly impaired the net CO2 assimilation (PN) and decreased the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (PN/Ci), suggesting that the impairment in photosynthesis was caused by biochemical restrictions. The photosystem II activity was also affected by excess sucrose as indicated by the reduction in the apparent electron transport rate, effective quantum yield and increase in non-photochemical quenching. In leaf segments, sucrose accumulation was related to increases in the activities of soluble acid and neutral invertases, sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase, whereas the contents of fructose increased and glucose slightly decreased. Changes in the activities of sucrose hydrolyzing and synthesizing enzymes in leaf, sheath and stalk and sugar profile in intact plants were not enough to identify which sugar(s) or enzyme(s) were directly involved in photosynthesis modulation. However, exogenous sucrose was able to trigger down-regulation in the Rubisco abundance, activation state and enzymatic activity. Despite the fact that PN/Ci had been notably decreased by sucrose, in vitro activity and abundance of PEPCase did not change, suggesting an in vivo modulation of this enzyme. The data reveal that sucrose and/or other derivative sugars in leaves inhibited sugarcane photosynthesis by down-regulation of Rubisco synthesis and activity. Our data also suggest that sugar modulation was not exerted by a feedback mechanism induced by the accumulation of sugars in immature sugarcane stalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla Moreira Lobo
- Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, CP 6004, CEP 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcio de Oliveira Martins
- Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, CP 6004, CEP 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Milton Costa Lima Neto
- Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, CP 6004, CEP 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caruso Machado
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal "Coaracy M. Franco", Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Avenida Barão de Itapura, 1481, CP 28, CEP 13012-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Albenisio Gomes Silveira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, CP 6004, CEP 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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