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Blaschke U, Felkers E, Hewitt NJ, Kluxen FM, Morgan N, Wiemann C. Proposals for new transfer coefficient (TC) values for worker re-entry activities in grape vineyards. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 150:105628. [PMID: 38621523 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
New transfer coefficient (TC) values were derived for vineyard workers handling treated grapevines during harvesting and crop maintenance activities. Re-entry exposure and dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) studies were performed in Europe, covering hand harvesting, pruning/training, pruning/tying and pruning/shoot lifting. Foliar applications of fungicides (iprovalicarb, dimethomorph, dithianon, pyrimethanil and fenbuconazole) were made and 73 workers at 16 sites were monitored over one working day. Exposure was measured on inner and outer dosimeters, face/neck wipes and hand washes. In concurrent DFR studies, leaf punches were taken at each site during the time of worker re-entry. Potential exposure values correlated well with DFR values. TC values were derived for various re-entry activities for potential and actual exposure, with and without gloves. The harvesting task resulted in lower TC values than the other crop maintenance tasks. Additional TC values reflecting the use of protective gloves can be derived from the results. The TC values are much lower than current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) default values. This project addresses a data gap identified by EFSA for specific EU TC values to permit more realistic and reliable re-entry worker exposure estimates for grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil Morgan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK.
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2
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Zachmann L, McCallum C, Finger R. Data on Swiss grapevine growers' production, pest management and risk management decisions. Data Brief 2023; 51:109652. [PMID: 37846327 PMCID: PMC10577060 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present survey data from 436 grapevine growers across Switzerland and their production, pest, and risk management decisions. The online survey was conducted in spring 2022 in the three main official languages in Switzerland (German, French, Italian). The survey was used to obtain information on variety choice and farm management strategies, as well as farmer, farm, and spatial environmental characteristics. Moreover, we collected information around fungus-resistant grapevine varieties such as knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of these varieties. We also elicited the current cultivation and growers' intentions on future acreage under these varieties. In addition, data were collected on growers' pest management strategies against weeds, insects, and fungi. Characteristics of the farm manager collected include education, farming goals, wine-related expertise, and information sources used. Information about the farm consist of marketing channels, labels, direct payment schemes, production systems and pesticide application machinery, among other details. Moreover, risk and time preferences, self-efficacy and locus of control were collected via self-assessed scales. The survey data were matched with spatial climatic data on municipality level (e.g. on temperature, precipitation, the number of yearly hail days, average sunshine duration and relative humidity) as well as pest pressure (e.g. infection risk by Oidium and Peronospora viticola) at weather station level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Zachmann
- Agricultural Economics and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloe McCallum
- Agricultural Economics and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Finger
- Agricultural Economics and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Hou Y, Wong DCJ, Li Q, Zhou H, Zhu Z, Gong L, Liang J, Ren H, Liang Z, Wang Q, Xin H. Dissecting the effect of ethylene in the transcriptional regulation of chilling treatment in grapevine leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:1084-1097. [PMID: 36921558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene (ETH) plays important roles in various development programs and stress responses in plants. In grapevines, ETH increased dramatically under chilling stress and is known to positively regulate cold tolerance. However, the role of ETH in transcriptional regulation during chilling stress of grapevine leaves is still not clear. To address this gap, targeted hormone profiling and transcriptomic analysis were performed on leaves of Vitis amurensis under chilling stress with and without aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, a inhibitor of ETH synthesis) treatment. APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) and WRKY transcription factors (TF) were only the two highly enriched TF families that were consistently up-regulated during chilling stress but inhibited by AVG. The comparison of leaf transcriptomes between chilling treatment and chilling with AVG allowed the identification of potential ETH-regulated genes. Potential genes that are positively regulated by ETH are enriched in solute transport, protein biosynthesis, phytohormone action, antioxidant and carbohydrate metabolism. Conversely, genes related to the synthesis and signaling of ETH, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) were up-regulated by chilling treatment but inhibited by AVG. The contents of ETH, ABA and IAA also paralleled with the transcriptome data, which suggests that the response of ABA and IAA during chilling stress may regulate by ETH signaling, and together may belong to an integrated network of hormonal signaling pathways underpinning chilling stress response in grapevine leaves. Together, these findings provide new clues for further studying the complex regulatory mechanism of ETH under low-temperature stress in plants more generally and new opportunities for breeding cold-resilient grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Qingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linzhong Gong
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ju Liang
- Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Hongsong Ren
- Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, And CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture/Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Noriega X, Rubio S, Pérez FJ. Sucrose accumulation and endodormancy are synchronized events induced by the short-day photoperiod in grapevine buds. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:101-108. [PMID: 36108354 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the summer season, grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) grown in temperate climates enter a state of winter recess or endodormancy (ED), which is induced by the shortening of the photoperiod, and during this period, the buds accumulate sucrose. In this study, we investigated whether the shortening of the photoperiod regulates the accumulation of sucrose in the buds in the same way as it regulates its entry into the ED. Because sucrose accumulation is regulated by genes that control its transport and degradation, the effect of the SD photoperiod and the transition of buds from paradormancy (PD) to ED on the expression of sucrose transporter (VvSUTs) and invertase genes (VvINVs) was studied. To analyze the possible role of sucrose during ED development, its effect on bud swelling and sprouting was studied on dormant and nondormant buds under forced growth conditions. The results showed that the SD photoperiod upregulates the expression of the VvSUT genes and downregulates that of the VvINV genes in grapevine buds. Additionally, during the transition of buds from PD to ED, the sucrose content increased, the expression of the VvINV genes decreased, and the expression of the VvSUT genes did not change significantly. Sucrose delayed bud swelling and sprouting when applied to dormant buds but had no effect when applied to nondormant buds. Therefore, we concluded that ED development and sucrose accumulation were synchronized events induced by the SD photoperiod and that a sucrose peak marks the end of ED development in grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Noriega
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rubio
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Morales-Cruz A, Aguirre-Liguori JA, Zhou Y, Minio A, Riaz S, Walker AM, Cantu D, Gaut BS. Introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation. Genome Biol 2021; 22:254. [PMID: 34479604 PMCID: PMC8414701 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgressive hybridization can reassort genetic variants into beneficial combinations, permitting adaptation to new ecological niches. To evaluate evolutionary patterns and dynamics that contribute to introgression, we investigate six wild Vitis species that are native to the Southwestern United States and useful for breeding grapevine (V. vinifera) rootstocks. RESULTS By creating a reference genome assembly from one wild species, V. arizonica, and by resequencing 130 accessions, we focus on identifying putatively introgressed regions (pIRs) between species. We find six species pairs with signals of introgression between them, comprising up to ~ 8% of the extant genome for some pairs. The pIRs tend to be gene poor, located in regions of high recombination and enriched for genes implicated in disease resistance functions. To assess potential pIR function, we explore SNP associations to bioclimatic variables and to bacterial levels after infection with the causative agent of Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). pIRs are enriched for SNPs associated with both climate and bacterial levels, suggesting that introgression is driven by adaptation to biotic and abiotic stressors. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, this study yields insights into the genomic extent of introgression, potential pressures that shape adaptive introgression, and the evolutionary history of economically important wild relatives of a critical crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Morales-Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Summaira Riaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Andrew M. Walker
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Brandon S. Gaut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
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Grinbergs D, Chilian J, France A. First report of Seimatosporium vitifusiforme causing trunk disease in Chilean grapevines ( Vitis vinifera). Plant Dis 2021; 105:1852. [PMID: 33496601 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2475-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in Chile and trunk diseases reduce the productivity, quality, and longevity of the vineyards. A survey was conducted in ancient (> 50 years) vineyards of Cauquenes (35°57´14´´S 72°17´07´´W) and Itata valleys (36°38´13´´S 72°30´57´´W), located in the central area of Chile, during 2019. Trunks and cordons showing dieback and dark brown to black wood discoloration were collected from 50 to 200-year-old plants of six cultivars: País, Moscatel, Torontel Amarilla, Carignan, Aliatica and Aligote. The bark was removed and 0.5-cm sections were cut from the edges of necrotic wood lesions. Subsequently, pieces were surface disinfected using 10% v/v sodium hypochlorite bleach (4.9% chlorine), plated on acidified quarter-strength potato dextrose agar (APDA) (25% PDA, acidified with 0.1% v/v 85% lactic acid) and incubated at 25°C, for 14 to 28 days. Hyphal tips were excised and transferred to PDA to obtain pure cultures. Along with the conidiomata and conidia produced, growth rate, color and shape of the colonies on PDA, after 7 and 14 days of incubation at 25°C (n=17), were recorded. DNA was extracted from pure cultures of three isolates on PDA: HMV3, HMV64 and HMV81. The internal transcribed spacer region and partial β-tubulin genes were amplified, using ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and bt2A/bt2B (Glass & Donaldson 1995) primers, respectively. Sequences were subjected to NCBI BLAST search and compared to the published sequences. Isolated colonies were whitish to light-brown, cottony with a smooth margin (n=37). Their mycelium grew 1.9 cm after 7-days and 3.2 cm after 14-days of incubation on PDA, at 25°C. Colonies produced black globose pycnidia and curved, slightly-pigmentated, three-septated conidia 22.3-(29.8)-32.2 x 3.9-(4.8)-5.3 µm (n=30), with apical and basal flexuous appendages 4.3-(12.7)-21.5 µm (n=20). When compared to type sequences of Seimatosporium vitifusiforme (Lawrence et al. 2018), ITS and βtub sequences identity of these isolates were 99 to 100% identical. To produce uniform healthy plants for pathogenicity tests, Petit Syrah canes (1-year old) were rooted in tap water amended with 500 ppm of indole-butyric acid, for 30 days. Plants were inoculated with 0.5-cm diameter mycelial plugs of actively growing colonies of the isolates HMV3, HMV64 and HMV81 (GenBank accessions no. MW026664, MW048518; MW026665, MW048519, and MW026666, MW048520, respectively). Sterile agar plugs were used for controls. Five plants per pathogen isolate were incubated at 25°C, in a humid chamber, for 25 days, and seven additional plants per isolate were incubated in aerated tap water, for 55 days. After the incubation period, the bark was removed and the lesions were measured. Dark necrotic lesions identical to the original observations were reproduced, both in the high humidity chamber (6% length) and water (10% length). There were no differences in lesion length among the isolates (P < 0.05). Control vines remained asymptomatic. To fulfill Koch´s postulates, isolations were made from symptomatic vines and compared to the ones used for inoculation, and found to be identical. Seimatosporium vitifusiforme was previously reported as a pathogen of Vitis vinifera in California, USA (Lawrence et al. 2018). Consequently, this is the second report of this fungus as a grapevine pathogen and the first one affecting Latin-American grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Grinbergs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Chillán, 3780000, Chile;
| | - Javier Chilian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Chillán, 3780000, Chile;
| | - Andrés France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Chillán, 3780000, Chile;
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Greer DH. Modelling the seasonal changes in the gas exchange response to CO 2 in relation to short-term leaf temperature changes in Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz grapevines grown in outdoor conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 142:372-383. [PMID: 31400541 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of temperature on the photosynthetic response of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz leaves to CO2 were investigated across the growing season and modelling was used to determine relationships between photosynthesis and seasonal climate. Results indicated that photosynthetic rates declined from spring to summer, conforming to the deciduous habit of grapevines. Rates of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration increased in a temperature dependent pattern throughout the season. However, the maximum rates decreased as the season progressed. There were also marked decreases in temperature sensitivity for each of these processes, consistent with the decreases occurring faster at high compared to low temperatures. There were no correlations between the seasonal climate and each of these photosynthetic processes but the effect of day was significant in all cases. CO2 saturated rates of photosynthesis (Amax) across the season were highly correlated with the maximum rates of RuBP carboxylation and regeneration. The transition temperature between RuBP regeneration and RuBP carboxylation-limited assimilation varied across the growing season, from 23 °C in spring, 35 °C in mid-summer and 30 °C at harvest and were highly correlated with mean day temperature. This suggested dynamic control of assimilation by carboxylation and regeneration processes occurred in these grapevines in tune with the seasonal climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- National Grape and Wine Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
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Rubio S, Noriega X, Pérez FJ. ABA promotes starch synthesis and storage metabolism in dormant grapevine buds. J Plant Physiol 2019; 234-235:1-8. [PMID: 30639992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) buds, the short day (SD)-photoperiod induces endodormancy and increases the level of ABA and the expression of ABA key biosynthesis genes, which suggests that ABA could be the mediator of the photoperiodic induction of endodormancy. In the present study, it was established that during the development of the endodormancy, the content of ABA and the accumulation of starch increased in parallel in the buds; however, these increases occurred after the buds were already in the state of endodormancy. Despite this finding the exogenous applications of ABA to single-bud cuttings increased the starch content and up-regulated the expression of starch synthesis genes (VvSS1 and VvSS3) and down-regulated the expression of sucrose metabolism genes, invertase (VvINV) and sucrose phosphate synthase (VvSUPS). In addition, the manipulation of the endogenous content of ABA in the grapevine buds by applications of hydrogen cyanamide and uniconazole-P, revealed that the depth of the endodormancy depends on the ABA levels. Taken together, the results indicate that the development of the endodormancy in grapevine buds is associated with the accumulation of starch and a shift in metabolism towards a storage metabolism; as ABA stimulates both processes, it must play an important role in the maintenance and release but not the induction of endodormancy in grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rubio
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Bai R, Luo Y, Wang L, Li J, Wu K, Zhao G, Duan D. A specific allele of MYB14 in grapevine correlates with high stilbene inducibility triggered by Al 3+ and UV-C radiation. Plant Cell Rep 2019; 38:37-49. [PMID: 30302553 PMCID: PMC6320375 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural differences of MYB14 promoter in two grapevine genotypes affect the expression of MYB14 and stilbene synthesis in response to Al3+ and UV-C radiation. Grapevines provide an important fruit crop worldwide, but production is often limited by pathogen infection. Stilbenes, a class of secondary metabolite, represent phytoalexins that contribute to defence against pathogens in many plants, including grapevine. It is known that the transcription factors MYB14 and MYB15 are required for the activation of the promoters of resveratrol synthase to regulate stilbene biosynthesis. In the current study, we observed that stilbene levels were more highly induced by Al3+ and UV-C radiation treatments in the cultivar Vitis labrusca 'Concord' than in the cultivar V. vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. We investigated whether genetic/structural variations in the MYB14 and MYB15 promoters between these two representative genotypes are responsible for the differences in stilbene accumulation. Significant differences in the structure and activity of the promoter of MYB14, but not MYB15 were identified between the two genotypes, following heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana system and treatments with Al3+ and UV-C. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was detected in Concord soon after the stress treatments, but after diphenyleneiodonium chloride pre-treatment, the expressing level of VlMYB14, the promoter activity of VlMYB14 and the accumulation of stilbenes was significantly reduced. A model is presented where the induction of MYB14 contributes to stilbene accumulation in Concord following Al3+ and UV-C treatments involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as an early signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Kerun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Dong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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10
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Bianchi D, Grossi D, Tincani DTG, Simone Di Lorenzo G, Brancadoro L, Rustioni L. Multi-parameter characterization of water stress tolerance in Vitis hybrids for new rootstock selection. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:333-340. [PMID: 30248519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought in grapevine could be faced using tolerant rootstocks. The present work aims at the evaluation of 25 new genotypes potentially tolerant to drought by using recent methods of phenotypical screening (thermography and on-solid reaction spectroscopy). Plants were grown in well-watered and stressed field conditions. Proxi for transpiration, wood hydrophobicity and starch content were used to characterize and classify the genotypes. The predominant role of the environment was highlighted, nevertheless genotype and genotype × environment interaction showed significant variations as well. Hybrids were classified based on their steady, susceptible or adaptable behavior. The 14 most promising genotypes were identified, 5 of them showing two tolerance mechanisms. In the future, results from this experiment will support viticulture in water limited areas releasing new drought-tolerant interspecific hybrids to be tested after grafting with different scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bianchi
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide T G Tincani
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Brancadoro
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Rustioni
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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11
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Pérez FJ, Noriega X. Sprouting of paradormant and endodormant grapevine buds under conditions of forced growth: similarities and differences. Planta 2018; 248:837-847. [PMID: 29936547 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bud-break assays under forced growth conditions suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are common features in the sprouting of paradormant (PD) and endodormant (ED) grapevine buds. However, increases in cell division and in respiration are unique characteristics of the ED budding. In tropical and subtropical regions where the variations in day length and temperatures are minor throughout the year, the rupture of grapevine buds can be achieved during the current growing season given rise to a double-cropping system annually. However, it is unknown whether the breaking buds are in the paradormancy (PD) or endodormancy (ED) stage. In this study, we compared the breakage of PD and ED buds under conditions of forced growth. To do this, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of phytohormones and sugars, and of relevant physiological functions such as respiration and cell division was analyzed temporally throughout the incubation period in both types of buds. An early fall in the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene (VvNCED1) and increases in genes related to sugar metabolism and transports were observed during the incubation period in both types of buds. However, while in the PD buds, the genes related to respiration and the cell cycle did not undergo significant changes in their expression during the incubation period, in the ED buds, the expression of these genes together with those related to auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis experienced a large increase. The results suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are early signals for the onset of bud break in both PD and ED vines, while the increase in respiration and cell division are unique characteristics of the ED buds, which reflect its transition from a resting state to a state of active growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pérez
- Fac. Ciencias, Lab. de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Fac. Ciencias, Lab. de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Torres N, Goicoechea N, Zamarreño AM, Carmen Antolín M. Mycorrhizal symbiosis affects ABA metabolism during berry ripening in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo grown under climate change scenarios. Plant Sci 2018; 274:383-393. [PMID: 30080626 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a promising tool for improving the quality of grapes under changing environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine if the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance phenolic content (specifically, anthocyanins) in a climate change framework could be mediated by alterations in berry ABA metabolism during ripening. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings of cv. Tempranillo (CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated (+M) or not (-M) with AMF. Two experimental designs were implemented. In the first experiment +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) from fruit set to berry maturity. In the second experiment, +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with two irrigation regimes (late water deficit (LD) and full irrigation (FI)). At 28/18 °C AMF contributed to an increase in berry anthocyanins and modulated ABA metabolism, leading to higher ABA-GE and 7'OH-ABA and lower phaseic acid (PA) in berries compared to -M plants. Under the most stressful scenario (LD and 28/18 °C), at harvest +M plants exhibited higher berry anthocyanins and 7´OH-ABA and lower PA and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) levels than -M plants. These findings highlight the involvement of ABA metabolism into the ability of AMF to improve some traits involved in the quality of grapes under global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Torres
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Antolín
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Jayakody H, Liu S, Whitty M, Petrie P. Microscope image based fully automated stomata detection and pore measurement method for grapevines. Plant Methods 2017; 13:94. [PMID: 29151841 PMCID: PMC5678568 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomatal behavior in grapevines has been identified as a good indicator of the water stress level and overall health of the plant. Microscope images are often used to analyze stomatal behavior in plants. However, most of the current approaches involve manual measurement of stomatal features. The main aim of this research is to develop a fully automated stomata detection and pore measurement method for grapevines, taking microscope images as the input. The proposed approach, which employs machine learning and image processing techniques, can outperform available manual and semi-automatic methods used to identify and estimate stomatal morphological features. RESULTS First, a cascade object detection learning algorithm is developed to correctly identify multiple stomata in a large microscopic image. Once the regions of interest which contain stomata are identified and extracted, a combination of image processing techniques are applied to estimate the pore dimensions of the stomata. The stomata detection approach was compared with an existing fully automated template matching technique and a semi-automatic maximum stable extremal regions approach, with the proposed method clearly surpassing the performance of the existing techniques with a precision of 91.68% and an F1-score of 0.85. Next, the morphological features of the detected stomata were measured. Contrary to existing approaches, the proposed image segmentation and skeletonization method allows us to estimate the pore dimensions even in cases where the stomatal pore boundary is only partially visible in the microscope image. A test conducted using 1267 images of stomata showed that the segmentation and skeletonization approach was able to correctly identify the stoma opening 86.27% of the time. Further comparisons made with manually traced stoma openings indicated that the proposed method is able to estimate stomata morphological features with accuracies of 89.03% for area, 94.06% for major axis length, 93.31% for minor axis length and 99.43% for eccentricity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed fully automated solution for stomata detection and measurement is able to produce results far superior to existing automatic and semi-automatic methods. This method not only produces a low number of false positives in the stomata detection stage, it can also accurately estimate the pore dimensions of partially incomplete stomata images. In addition, it can process thousands of stomata in minutes, eliminating the need for researchers to manually measure stomata, thereby accelerating the process of analysing plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya Jayakody
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scarlett Liu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Whitty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Petrie
- The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI), Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Adelaide, Australia
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Sudawan B, Chang CS, Chao HF, Ku MSB, Yen YF. Hydrogen cyanamide breaks grapevine bud dormancy in the summer through transient activation of gene expression and accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 27627883 PMCID: PMC5024461 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and pruning (P) have frequently been used to break dormancy in grapevine floral buds. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to address the early mode of action of these treatments on accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and expression of related genes in the dormancy breaking buds of grapevine in the summer. RESULTS The budbreak rates induced by pruning (P), hydrogen cyanamide (HC), pruning plus hydrogen cyanamide (PHC) and water (control) after 8 days were 33, 53, 95, and 0 %, respectively. Clearly, HC was more effective in stimulating grapevine budbreak and P further enhanced its potency. In situ staining of longitudinal bud sections after 12 h of treatments detected high levels of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) accumulated in the buds treated with PHC, compared with HC or P alone. The amounts of ROS and NO accumulated were highly correlated with the rates of budbreak among these treatments, highlighting the importance of a rapid, transient accumulation of sublethal levels of ROS and RNS in dormancy breaking. Microarray analysis revealed specific alterations in gene expression in dormancy breaking buds induced by P, HC and PHC after 24 h of treatment. Relative to control, PHC altered the expression of the largest number of genes, while P affected the expression of the least number of genes. PHC also exerted a greater intensity in transcriptional activation of these genes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggests that alteration in expression of ROS related genes is the major factor responsible for budbreak. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the transient expression dynamics of 12 specific genes related to ROS generation and scavenge during the 48 h treatment with PHC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rapid accumulation of ROS and NO at early stage is important for dormancy release in grapevine in the summer, and the identification of the commonly expressed specific genes among the treatments allowed the construction of the signal transduction pathway related to ROS/RNS metabolism during dormancy release. The rapid accumulation of a sublethal level of ROS/RNS subsequently induces cell wall loosening and expansion for bud sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyawat Sudawan
- Ph.D. Program of Agricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chang
- Department of Farmers’ Services, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, 10014 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-fung Chao
- Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Tainan, 71246 Taiwan
| | - Maurice S. B. Ku
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 USA
| | - Yung-fu Yen
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
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15
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Pardo-Garcia AI, Wilkinson KL, Culbert JA, Lloyd NDR, Alonso GL, Salinas MR. Accumulation of guaiacol glycoconjugates in fruit, leaves and shoots of Vitis vinifera cv. Monastrell following foliar applications of guaiacol or oak extract to grapevines. Food Chem 2016; 217:782-789. [PMID: 27664698 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that volatile compounds present within a vineyard during the growing season can be absorbed by grapevines, assimilated within grapes, and then released during fermentation to influence the final aroma of wine. For example, the accumulation of volatile phenols in glycoconjugate forms following grapevine exposure to bushfire smoke, and their subsequent release during winemaking. This study investigated the accumulation of guaiacol glycoconjugates in the fruit, shoots and leaves of Monastrell grapevines following foliar applications (at veraison) of either an aqueous solution of guaiacol or an aqueous oak extract. Fruit, shoot and leaf samples were then collected at 3 time points between veraison and maturity, and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to quantify guaiacol and its glycoconjugates, respectively. Guaiacol glycoconjugates were observed in fruit and leaves in particular, demonstrating glycosylation occurred after grapevine treatment; however, different glycoconjugate profiles were apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Pardo-Garcia
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Kerry L Wilkinson
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Julie A Culbert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Natoiya D R Lloyd
- Metabolomics Australia, The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Rosario Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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16
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Parada F, Noriega X, Dantas D, Bressan-Smith R, Pérez FJ. Differences in respiration between dormant and non-dormant buds suggest the involvement of ABA in the development of endodormancy in grapevines. J Plant Physiol 2016; 201:71-78. [PMID: 27448722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) enter endodormancy (ED) after perceiving the short-day (SD) photoperiod signal and undergo metabolic changes that allow them to survive the winter temperatures. In the present study, we observed an inverse relationship between the depth of ED and the respiration rate of grapevine buds. Moreover, the respiration of dormant and non-dormant buds differed in response to temperature and glucose, two stimuli that normally increase respiration in plant tissues. While respiration in non-dormant buds rose sharply in response to both stimuli, respiration in dormant buds was only slightly affected. This suggests that a metabolic inhibitor is present. Here, we propose that the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) could be this inhibitor. ABA inhibits respiration in non-dormant buds and represses the expression of respiratory genes, such as ALTERNATIVE NADH DEHYDROGENASE (VaND1, VvaND2), CYTOCHROME OXIDASE (VvCOX6) and CYTOCHROME C (VvCYTC), and induces the expression of VvSnRK1, a gene encoding a member of a highly conserved family of protein kinases that act as energy sensors and regulate gene expression in response to energy depletion. In addition to inducing ED the SD-photoperiod up-regulated the expression of VvNCED, a gene that encodes a key enzyme in ABA synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA through the mediation of VvSnRK1, could play a key role in the regulation of the metabolic changes accompanying the entry into ED of grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Parada
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Débora Dantas
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Avda, Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Bressan-Smith
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Avda, Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, Brazil.
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Zha Q, Xi X, Jiang A, Wang S, Tian Y. Changes in the protective mechanism of photosystem II and molecular regulation in response to high temperature stress in grapevines. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 101:43-53. [PMID: 26852109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response to high temperature stress, which influences the growth and development of grapes, varies between laboratory conditions and ambient growth conditions, and is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high temperature on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis labrusca L.) grown under artificial and ambient conditions. A temperature of 35 °C did not alter Photosystem II (PS II) activity and the expression of some heat-shock protein (HSPs) genes. These changes were, however, observed at 45 °C under artificial conditions, as well as when the ambient natural temperature was greater than 40 °C. Interestingly, these changes corresponded to shifts in PS II activity and HSPs expression. The protective mechanism of PS II was induced by temperatures greater than 40 °C. These data indicating that the expression of HSFA2, GLOS1 and some heat-shock protein (sHSPs) genes were more sensitive to the heat stress. Unlike the Kyoho grapevines, the Jumeigui grapevines showed rapid and dramatically deterioration in PS II activity and the expression of some heat response genes and HSP21, indicating that the Jumeigui grapevines could not counter the heat stress. These were some differences in PSII activity and the expression of heat response genes between the two cultivated conditions could be attributed to other environmental factors, inherent plant vigor, and the adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zha
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201403, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Xi
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yihua Tian
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201403, China
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18
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Vergara R, Noriega X, Parada F, Dantas D, Pérez FJ. Relationship between endodormancy, FLOWERING LOCUS T and cell cycle genes in Vitis vinifera. Planta 2016; 243:411-419. [PMID: 26438218 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In grapevines, the increased expression of VvFT , genes involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth ( VvAP1, VvAIL2 ) and cell cycle genes ( VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA1, VvCYCB, VvCYCD3.2 ) in the shoot apex relative to the latent bud, suggests a high mitotic activity of the apex which could prevent them to enter into endodormancy. Additionally, the up-regulation of these genes by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H 2 CN 2 ) strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes. At the end of the growing season, short-day (SD) photoperiod induces the transition of latent grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) from paradormancy (PD) to endodormancy (ED), which allows them to survive the cold temperatures of winter. Meanwhile, the shoot apex gradually decreases its growth without entering into ED, and as a result of the fall of temperatures at the beginning of autumn, dies. To understand developmental differences and contrasting responses to environmental cues between both organs, the expression of cell cycle genes, and of genes involved in photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), APETALA1 (AP1) and AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) was analyzed at the shoot apex and latent buds of vines during the transition from PD to ED. After shift to SD photoperiod, increased expression of cell cycle genes in the shoot apex suggests a high mitotic activity in this organ which could prevent them from entering into ED. Additionally, the increased expression of VvFT, VvAP1and VvAIL2 in the shoot apex, and the up-regulation of VvFT, VvAP1and cell cycle genes VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA.1, by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2), strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes, giving thus, more support to the model for photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees. Furthermore, downregulation of VvFT by the SD photoperiod detected in leaves and buds of grapevines highlights the importance of VvFT in the induction of growth cessation and in ED development, probably by regulating the expression of cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Parada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Débora Dantas
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avda Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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