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Blaschke U, Felkers E, Hewitt NJ, Kluxen FM, Morgan N, Wiemann C. Proposals for new transfer coefficient (TC) values for worker re-entry activities in grape vineyards. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 150:105628. [PMID: 38621523 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
New transfer coefficient (TC) values were derived for vineyard workers handling treated grapevines during harvesting and crop maintenance activities. Re-entry exposure and dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) studies were performed in Europe, covering hand harvesting, pruning/training, pruning/tying and pruning/shoot lifting. Foliar applications of fungicides (iprovalicarb, dimethomorph, dithianon, pyrimethanil and fenbuconazole) were made and 73 workers at 16 sites were monitored over one working day. Exposure was measured on inner and outer dosimeters, face/neck wipes and hand washes. In concurrent DFR studies, leaf punches were taken at each site during the time of worker re-entry. Potential exposure values correlated well with DFR values. TC values were derived for various re-entry activities for potential and actual exposure, with and without gloves. The harvesting task resulted in lower TC values than the other crop maintenance tasks. Additional TC values reflecting the use of protective gloves can be derived from the results. The TC values are much lower than current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) default values. This project addresses a data gap identified by EFSA for specific EU TC values to permit more realistic and reliable re-entry worker exposure estimates for grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil Morgan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK.
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Proshad R, Li J, Sun G, Zheng X, Yue H, Chen G, Zhang S, Li Z, Zhao Z. Field application of hydroxyapatite and humic acid for remediation of metal-contaminated alkaline soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:13155-13174. [PMID: 38243026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The quality of soil is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of agricultural products. However, soils contaminated with toxic metals pose a significant threat to agricultural production and human health. Therefore, remediation of contaminated soils is an urgent task, and humic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials was applied for this study in contaminated alkaline soils to remediate Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Physiochemical properties, improved BCR sequential extraction, microbial community composition in soils with superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and chlorophyll content in plants were determined. Among the studied treatments, application of HAP-HA (2:1) (T7) had the most significant impact on reducing the active forms of toxic metals from soil such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn decreased by 18.59%, 9.12%, 11.83%, and 3.33%, respectively, but HAP and HA had a minor impact on metal accumulation in Juncao. HAP (T2) had a beneficial impact on reducing the TCleaf/root of Cd, Cu, and Zn, whereas HAP-HA (T5) showed the best performance for reducing Cd and Cu in EFleaf/soil. HAP-HA (T5 and T7) showed higher biomass (57.3%) and chlorophyll (17.9%), whereas HAP (T4) showed better performance in POD (25.8%) than T0 in Juncao. The bacterial diversity in soil was increased after applying amendments of various treatments and enhancing metal remediation. The combined application of HAP and HA effectively reduced active toxic metals in alkaline soil. HAP-HA mixtures notably improved soil health, plant growth, and microbial diversity, advocating for their use in remediating contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- CCTEG Chongqing Engineering (Group) Co., LTD., Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohuai Sun
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Yue
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Chen
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangting Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Chen L, Snyder AB. Surface inoculation method impacts microbial reduction and transfer of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 and potential surrogates during dry sanitation. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110405. [PMID: 37734279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Dry sanitation methods are often limited to physical removal strategies such as brushing or wiping with sanitary cleaning tools. However, the relative efficacy of these approaches to remove microbiota on surfaces, and the risk of transferring cells to other surfaces via the cleaning tool, is unclear. The effect of dry wiping with a single-use towel on the removal of four different bacteria (Salmonella Enteritidis, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli) was investigated. We also quantified the number of cells transferred to the towel itself during dry cleaning. Three different surface inoculation methods (spot, glass bead, contaminated milk powder) were assessed and significantly impacted initial surface microbial load. Higher initial counts corresponded to lower transfer coefficients (e.g., proportion of transferred cells). The effect of bacterial identity was significant on reduction after dry wiping for all three inoculation methods. Moreover, both bacterial identity and inoculation method had significant effects on the number of cells transferred to the towel. In most scenarios, dry wiping resulted in a reduction <1.0 log CFU/coupon. Although, on surfaces inoculated via contaminated milk powder, reductions of up to 1.6 ± 0.3 log CFU/coupon were obtained. Overall, E. faecium transferred more readily to the towel. These results may help guide experimental design for future research on dry sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Topalcengiz Z, Friedrich LM, Danyluk MD. Salmonella transfer potential between tomatoes and cartons used for distribution. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100016. [PMID: 36916597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corrugated fiberboard boxes (cartons) can be reused during fresh market tomato packing and repacking. The fate of Salmonella on the new, used, and dirty tomato packaging cartons, and Salmonella transfer between tomatoes and new, used, and dirty packaging cartons was assessed. Mature green tomatoes or blank cartons were spot inoculated with cocktail of rifampicin-resistant Salmonella strains before touching cartons/tomatoes at 0, 1, or 24 h postinoculation. Tomatoes were placed on new, used, and dirty carton squares (5 by 5 cm) for 0, 1, and 7 days of contact at 12°C and 25°C with a relative humidity value of 85%. Transfer coefficients (TCs) were calculated for all conditions. Salmonella populations decreased following inoculation by 2-3 log units during 24 h drying regardless of storage temperature; the presence of debris enhanced survival at 12°C. In general, the highest transfer rates occurred with wet inoculum. The highest Salmonella transfer was calculated for wet inoculated tomatoes with 7 days of contact time at 25°C (TC = 14.7). Increasing contact time decreased TCs for new cartons, but increased TCs for used and dirty cartons. Regardless of carton condition or storage temperature, a greater population of Salmonella was transferred from tomatoes to cartons than from cartons to tomatoes. Salmonella transfer between tomatoes and cartons is highly dependent on moisture, with increased levels of moisture increasing transfer, highlighting the importance of harvesting and packing dry tomatoes.
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Song T, Das D, Hu Q, Yang F, Zhang J. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation and phosphorus rates affect grain yield and quality and heavy metal accumulation in rice. Sci Total Environ 2021; 752:141862. [PMID: 32889281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was reported to increase rice root activity and element bioavailability, which results in enhanced heavy metal (HM) absorption and this HM ends up in rice grains. HM uptake was also affected by the levels of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application. HMs enter food chain via consumption of rice grains and cause health problems. In this study, we compared the differences in grain yield, grain quality, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of applied P (PFPp), HM contents in different tissues and transfer coefficient (TC) of HMs under a combination of treatments involving two irrigation regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and AWD irrigation) and three P fertilizer application levels (0.4 g P2O5/kg soil, HP; 0.2 g P2O5/kg soil, MP; 0 g P2O5/kg soil, LP). Compared to CF, AWD irrigation increased grain yield (without reducing grain quality), decreased irrigation water use and the number of irrigation events needed and improved WUE and PFPp at all three P fertilizer application levels, while the accumulation of HMs in grains increased when more P was applied. This accumulation of HMs in grains thus requires immediate attention to the level of P fertilizer application and its optimization in water-saving AWD irrigation to minimize grain HM content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Oinuma H, Saito M, Oda Y, Ajito T, Abe I, Hanada M. Prussian blue in salt blocks decreases radiocesium activity concentration in milk from dairy cattle fed a diet contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106307. [PMID: 32892894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, the radiocesium activity concentration in milk must be less than 50 Bq/kg-fresh to meet shipping standards, and the radiocesium concentration of the diet fed to dairy cattle must be less than 500 Bq/kg-dry. After the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, we conducted two experiments to investigate whether Prussian blue (PB) could suppress the radiocesium (134Cs + 137Cs) activity concentration in Japanese cattle' milk. In experiment 1, four cattle were fed a diet with a radiocesium activity concentration of 175 Bq/kg-dry, with or without PB supplementation. The PB intake ranged from 0 to 3.0 g/day, and the average radiocesium intake was 3.42 kBq/day in all treatments. The radiocesium activity concentration in milk decreased from 16.4 to 8.6 Bq/kg-fresh, and the transfer coefficient of radiocesium from diet to milk (Fm) decreased from 4.77 × 10-3 to 2.61 × 10-3 with increased PB intake. In experiment 2, three cattle were fed another diet including a radiocesium activity concentration of 927 Bq/kg-dry of with or without PB supplementation. The PB intake ranged from 0 to 18.9 g/day, and the average radiocesium intake was 15.2 kBq/day in all treatments. The milk's radiocesium activity concentration decreased from 24.3 to 4.2 Bq/kg-fresh, and the Fm decreased from 1.68 × 10-3 to 0.28 × 10-3 with increased PB intake. Our results suggest that both the radiocesium activity concentration in milk and Fm can be reduced by PB, and that Fm is affected by diet. We recommend cattle should be fed absorbents such as PB to minimize the risk of milk radiocesium activity concentration exceeding 50 Bq/kg-fresh even if the diet has a radiocesium activity concentration of less than 500 Bq/kg-dry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Oinuma
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Department, Fukushima Prefectural Government, Fukushima, 960-8670, Japan.
| | - Mio Saito
- Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Centre, Tamagawa Fukushima, 963-6311, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Livestock Research Centre, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Tadaharu Ajito
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Izumi Abe
- Development & Regulatory Affairs, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Hanada
- Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Kayakökü H, Doğru M, Küçükönder A. Investigation of radioactivity concentration of 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radioisotopes in thyroid samples. J Environ Radioact 2020; 213:106154. [PMID: 31983455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the gross alpha and beta activities and 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radionuclide concentrations in the feeds and thyroid samples obtained from a certain number of sheep, which were fed by Fırat University (Elazığ) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with varying amounts of fresh lucerne, fodder, silage, straw and concentrate feed were determined. The 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radionuclide transfer coefficients were also determined. 90Sr and 129I are beta-emitting radionuclides. Sheep with high 90Sr and 129I radionuclide concentrations also have high gross beta radioactivity levels. When an intragroup comparison is performed, the radionuclide concentration in a sheep fed with maximum feed is at the highest level and vice versa. Moreover, the 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radionuclide transfer coefficients (Ff) for the thyroid samples obtained from the sheep vary between 0.4 × 10-1 - 8.1 × 10-1 d kg-1, 0.4 × 10-2 - 6.1 × 10-1 d kg-1 and 0.4 × 10-1 - 7.3 × 10-1 d kg-1, respectively, and are higher than the expected Ff values and the results obtained in similar studies. The Ff values calculated for the thyroid samples of the straw and fodder group are lower than the Ff values calculated for the thyroid samples of the silage and fresh lucerne group. The radionuclide concentrations for 129I were found to be higher than 90Sr's in the thyroid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kayakökü
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Science, Bitlis Eren University, 13000, Bitlis, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Doğru
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Fırat, 23169, Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Küçükönder
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
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Su F, Wang T, Zhang H, Song Z, Feng X, Zhang K. The distribution and enrichment characteristics of copper in soil and Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:365. [PMID: 29808431 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present investigation were to reveal the distribution and enrichment characteristics of copper in soil and Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in root, stem, leaf, and ear of Phragmites australis as well as in soil were determined to study the absorption capacity of copper by wild Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The study was carried out at test pool of the Shenyang Agricultural University, and the experimental materials (soil, irrigating water and Phragmites australis) were derived from Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in soil and Phragmites australis were 16.4441 to 49.0209 mg/kg and 0.8621 to 89.5524 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the enrichment coefficients of copper in different tissues of Phragmites australis changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the enrichment coefficients of copper in the whole Phragmites australis were greater than 1 at each growing stage of the Phragmites australis. The results also showed that the transfer coefficients of Phragmites australis to copper changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the Phragmites australis had a good removal effect on copper from soil and had some characteristics of copper hyperaccumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Su
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shengyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Nanjingzi Village, Dongguo Town, Panshan County, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tieliang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shengyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Nanjingzi Village, Dongguo Town, Panshan County, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haozhen Zhang
- Environmental Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi Song
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120, Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120, Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120, Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
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Liu J, Huang Y. Oxygen Reduction Reaction on PtCo Nanocatalyst: (Bi)sulfate Anion Poisoning. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:156. [PMID: 29777393 PMCID: PMC5959827 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pt alloy electrocatalysts are susceptible to anion adsorption in the working environment of fuel cells. In this work, the unavoidable bisulfate and sulfate ((bi)sulfate) poisoning of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a common PtCo nanocatalyst was studied by the rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The specific activity decreases linearly with the logarithm of (bi)sulfate concentration under various high potentials. This demonstrates that the (bi)sulfate adsorption does not affect the free energy of ORR activation at a given potential. Moreover, it is speculated that these two conditions, the adsorption of one O2 molecule onto two Pt sites and this adsorption as a rate-determining step of ORR reaction, are unlikely to exist simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Centre of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Lazovic B, Zlatkovic-Svenda M, Grbovic J, Milenković B, Sipetic-Grujicic S, Kopitovic I, Zugic V. Comparison of lung diffusing capacity in young elite athletes and their counterparts. Pulmonology 2017; 24:S2173-5115(17)30150-1. [PMID: 29174581 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of exercise on the pulmonary function is controverse, some studies have reported no sports influence, while the others have found positive correlation. AIM To evaluate and compare the sports influence on pulmonary function: spirometry (VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), lung diffusing capacity (DLCO) and coefficient of the CO gas transfer (KCO) in two elite athletes groups and healthy sedentary controls. METHOD Equally divided into aerobic and anaerobic group, 60 elite athletes were recruited, as well as 43 age-matched, healthy sedentary controls. All of the participants performed basic anthropometric measurements, spirometry, DLCO and KCO at rest. Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA test was used to determine differences between groups; Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-groups differences and Pearson coefficient for pulmonary variables and anthropometric parameters correlation. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS computer statistic program, version 20. RESULTS No differences were found in pulmonary characteristics (spirometric function values, DLCO and KCO) in athletes and non-athletes at rest, as well as between aerobics and anaerobics. There were no correlations between the anthropometric parameters and the investigated respiratory function tests. DLCO (%) correlated positively with height in athletes playing anaerobic type of sport (karate and taekwondo) (p=0.036; r=0.544), and negatively in sedentary control group (p=0.030; r=-0.560). Regarding KCO, no differences were found. CONCLUSION Spirometry indices and DLCO are not influenced either by aerobic or anaerobic training type, so benefits of sports on pulmonary indices or DLCO was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lazovic
- University Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", Pulmonology Unit, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - M Zlatkovic-Svenda
- Institute of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Grbovic
- Clinic for Lung Disease, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Milenković
- Clinic for Lung Disease, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Sipetic-Grujicic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Kopitovic
- The Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - V Zugic
- Clinic for Lung Disease, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Baigazinov ZА, Lukashenko SN, Karatayev SS, Panitski АV, Mamyrbayeva АS, Baigazy SА, Kozhakhanov TY, Subbotina LF. Transfer of tritium into laying hen's meat and eggs at prolonged intake with atmospheric air, water and grass meal. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:110-115. [PMID: 28806584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following a continuous intake of tritium (T) by laying hens' over a 55 day period, an increase of НТО concentration both in eggs and meat was observed over the first 2 weeks for intakes via inhalation and ingestion of water and grass meal. After this time, equilibrium of the T in these products occurred. It was found that when the intake of HTO is from water, air and grass meal, the ratio of its activity concentration in muscular tissue to that in eggs does not exceed 1, 4, and 6 respectively. The ratio of ОBТ concentration to that of НТО in the meat of hens (ОBТ/HTO) when intakes were from water, air and grass meal were 0.08, 0.09 and 0.7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh А Baigazinov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan.
| | - S N Lukashenko
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - S S Karatayev
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - А V Panitski
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - А S Mamyrbayeva
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - S А Baigazy
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - T Ye Kozhakhanov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - L F Subbotina
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
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Kasiotis KM, Tsakirakis AN, Richard Glass C, Charistou AN, Anastassiadou P, Gerritsen-Ebben R, Machera K. Assessment of field re-entry exposure to pesticides: A dislodgeable foliar residue study. Sci Total Environ 2017; 596-597:178-186. [PMID: 28432907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A dislodgeable foliar residue study was conducted in greenhouse pepper and tomato on the island of Crete, Greece, following the spray application of an SC insecticide (with active substance (a.s.) tebufenozide) and an EC fungicide (a.s. bupirimate). Furthermore, for the assessment of worker exposure to pesticides - as a result of re-entering the treated crops - a worker dermal exposure study was carried out during the tasks of tying or pruning, which allowed the transfer coefficient values for the specific tasks to be determined. Pesticide residues were analysed with an in house developed and fully validated HPLC-ESI/MS analytical method. The results from the study resulted in transfer coefficient values which were in agreement with current EFSA guideline values in most of the cases with the exception of bupirimate in a tomato greenhouse. In that case, high potential dermal exposure and low dislodgeable foliar residue values were observed, which is thought to be due to the moist leaves collected during sampling and monitoring, which led to greater than expected transfer coefficient values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos M Kasiotis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece.
| | - Angelos N Tsakirakis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - C Richard Glass
- Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Agathi N Charistou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Pelagia Anastassiadou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Rianda Gerritsen-Ebben
- TNO, Department Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece.
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Antoniadis V, Golia EE, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J. Bioavailability and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Thriasio Plain, near Athens, Greece. Environ Geochem Health 2017; 39:319-330. [PMID: 27873109 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are usually found in areas of intense industrial activity. Thriasio Plain is a plain near Athens, Greece, where most of the heavy industry of the country has been situated for decades, but it also is a residential and horticultural area. We aimed at measuring the levels of PTEs in soils and indigenous plant species and assessing the health risk associated with direct soil ingestion. Samples of soils at roadsides and growing plants were collected from 31 sites of that area. Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were measured in both soils (as pseudo-total) and aerial plant tissues. We found that As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were higher than maximum regulatory limits. Element concentrations in plants were rather lower than expected, probably because indigenous plants have developed excluder behaviour over time. Copper and Zn soil-to-plant coefficients were highest among the other elements; for Cu this was unexpected, and probably associated with recent Cu-releasing industrial activity. Risk assessment analysis indicated that As was the element contributing more than 50 % of the health risk related to direct soil ingestion, followed by Cr, Pb, and, surprisingly, Mn. We concluded that in a multi-element contamination situation, elevated risk of PTEs (such as As, Cr and Pb) may reduce the tolerance limits of exposure to less-toxic elements (here, Mn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- School of Agriculture, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Vólos, Greece.
| | - Evangelia E Golia
- School of Agriculture, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Vólos, Greece
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33 516, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
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Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Boersch J, Frohne T, Du Laing G, Rinklebe J. Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany. J Environ Manage 2017; 186:192-200. [PMID: 27117508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Europe has a history of many centuries, related problems are often considered as having been dealt with due to the enforcement of tight legislations. However, there are many unsolved issues. We aimed to assess PTE levels in highly contaminated soils and in garden edible vegetables using human health risk indices in order to evaluate the availability and mobilization of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). In four gardens in Germany, situated on, or in the vicinity of, a mine dump area, we planted beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ssp. nanus), carrots (Daucus sativus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa ssp. capitata). We examined soil-to-plant mobilization of elements using transfer coefficient (TC), as well as soil contamination using contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and bioaccumulation index (Igeo). In addition, we tested two human health risk assessment indices: Soil-induced hazard quotient (HQS) (representing the "direct soil ingestion" pathway), and vegetable-induced hazard quotient (HQV) (representing the "vegetable intake" pathway). The studied elements were highly elevated in the soils. The values in garden 2 were especially high (e.g., Pb: 13789.0 and Hg: 36.8 mg kg-1) and largely exceeded the reported regulation limits of 50 (for As), 40 (Cu), 400 (Pb), 150 (Zn), and 5 (Hg) mg kg-1. Similarly, element concentrations were very high in the grown vegetables. The indices of CF, EF and Igeo were enhanced even to levels that are rarely reported in the literature. Specifically, garden 2 indicated severe contamination due to multi-element deposition. The contribution of each PTE to the total of measured HQS revealed that Pb was the single most important element causing health risk (contributing up to 77% to total HQS). Lead also posed the highest risk concerning vegetable consumption, contributing up to 77% to total HQV. The presence of lead in both cases was followed by that of As, Mn and Hg. We conclude that in multi-element contamination cases, along with high-toxicity elements (here, Pb, As and Hg) other elements may also be responsible for increasing human health risks (i.e., Mn), due to the possibility of adverse synergism of the PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- School of Agriculture, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, GR-384 46, Greece.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Judith Boersch
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tina Frohne
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Başkaya H, Doğru M, Küçükönder A. Determination of the (137)Cs and (90)Sr radioisotope activity concentrations found in digestive organs of sheep fed with different feeds. J Environ Radioact 2014; 134:61-65. [PMID: 24681120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 12 weanling lambs were fed for 6 months at the Vetenary Control and Research Institute of Elazığ in Turkey. Sheep were divided into two groups according to feeding type. Each group of sheep was fed a different amount of feed. The activity concentrations of (137)Cs and (90)Sr were determined in rumen, small intestine and large intestine tissue samples of sheep fed various feeds and quantities. Transfer coefficients and concentration ratios were estimated. The highest average (137)Cs and (90)Sr activity concentrations were 82 ± 22 Bq kg(-1) fw in the straw group small intestine sample and 74 ± 9.0 Bq kg(-1) fw in the fresh lucerne group rumen sample, respectively. Radioactivity levels for (137)Cs and (90)Sr are under the maximum permitted radioactive pollution level for all the samples. The transfer coefficient of (137)Cs and (90)Sr in the samples of sheep ranged from 1.0 × 10(-1) to 2.1 × 10(0) d kg(-1) and 1.7 × 10(-1) to 2.3 × 10(0) d kg(-1), respectively. Calculated transfer coefficients of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in the samples of sheep were higher than the expected values. Geometric means of Ff and CR for (137)Cs were maximum in the fresh lucerne group large intestine sample. Geometric means of Ff and CR for (90)Sr were maximum in the fresh lucerne group small intestine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Başkaya
- Bitlis Eren University, Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Physics, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Doğru
- Bitlis Eren University, Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Physics, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Küçükönder
- Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Physics, 46100 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
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Al-Masri MS, Al-Hamwi A, Amin Y, Safieh MB, Zarkawi M, Soukouti A, Dayyoub R, Voigt G, Fesenko S. Radionuclide transfer from feed to camel milk. J Environ Radioact 2014; 132:8-14. [PMID: 24508949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of (137)Cs, (85)Sr, (131)I, (210)Po, (210)Pb and (238)U from feed to camel's milk was investigated in a pilot experiment with three lactating camels. For a period of 60 days, the animals were fed on spiked feed containing the studied radionuclides. They were subsequently returned to a contamination-free diet and monitored for another 90 days. The activity concentrations of (137)Cs, (85)Sr and (131)I in milk decreased with time and reached background levels after 20 days. Equilibrium transfer coefficients and biological half-lives were estimated and transfer coefficients were calculated as (8.1 ± 3.6) × 10(-4), (4.4 ± 1.6) × 10(-2), (7.8 ± 3.9) × 10(-4), (2.7 ± 3.5) × 10(-4), (1.8 ± 1.5) × 10(-4) and (7.0 ± 3.6) × 10(-3) d L(-1) for (85)Sr, (131)I, (137)Cs, (210)Po, (210)Pb and (238)U, respectively. The biological half-lives were estimated to be 6.4, 4.2, 8.9, and 53.3 days for (85)Sr, (131)I, (137)Cs, and (238)U, respectively. Estimates of the half-lives were based on a one component model: it was found that the half-life values measured for artificial radionuclides were slightly shorter than those for natural radionuclides. The data obtained in the study are the first published experimental data on radionuclide transfer to camel milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Al-Masri
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
| | - A Al-Hamwi
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Y Amin
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - M B Safieh
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - M Zarkawi
- Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - A Soukouti
- Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - R Dayyoub
- Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - G Voigt
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - S Fesenko
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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