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Zhu J, Chen Q, Guo Z, Wang Y, Li Q, Li Y, Lei L, Liu C, Li Y, Tang R, Tang J, Zhang Z, Peng S, Zhang M, Chen Z, Kong L, Deng M, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang J, Chen G, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Qi P. Genome-wide analysis of Q binding reveals a regulatory network that coordinates wheat grain yield and grain protein content. J Genet Genomics 2025:S1673-8527(25)00058-X. [PMID: 40032184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Wheat is an important cereal crop used to produce diverse and popular food worldwide because of its high grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC). However, GY and GPC are usually negatively correlated. We previously reported that favorable alleles of the wheat domestication gene Q can synchronously increase GY and GPC, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the regulatory network involving Q associated with GY and GPC in young grains through DNA affinity purification sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays, and transgenic approaches. Three Q-binding motifs, namely TTAAGG, AAACA[A/T]A, and GTAC[T/G]A, were identified. Notably, genes related to photosynthesis or carbon and nitrogen metabolism were enriched and regulated by Q. Moreover, Q was revealed to bind directly to its own gene and the glutamine synthetase gene TaGSr-4D to increase expression, thereby influencing nitrogen assimilation during the grain filling stage and increasing GPC. Considered together, our study findings provide molecular evidence of the positive regulatory effects of Q on wheat GY and GPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhenru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lu Lei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yue Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shijing Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhongxu Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Jyoti SD, Singh G, Pradhan AK, Tarpley L, Septiningsih EM, Talukder SK. Rice breeding for low input agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408356. [PMID: 38974981 PMCID: PMC11224470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A low-input-based farming system can reduce the adverse effects of modern agriculture through proper utilization of natural resources. Modern varieties often need to improve in low-input settings since they are not adapted to these systems. In addition, rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide. Enhancing rice performance under a low input system will significantly reduce the environmental concerns related to rice cultivation. Traits that help rice to maintain yield performance under minimum inputs like seedling vigor, appropriate root architecture for nutrient use efficiency should be incorporated into varieties for low input systems through integrated breeding approaches. Genes or QTLs controlling nutrient uptake, nutrient assimilation, nutrient remobilization, and root morphology need to be properly incorporated into the rice breeding pipeline. Also, genes/QTLs controlling suitable rice cultivars for sustainable farming. Since several variables influence performance under low input conditions, conventional breeding techniques make it challenging to work on many traits. However, recent advances in omics technologies have created enormous opportunities for rapidly improving multiple characteristics. This review highlights current research on features pertinent to low-input agriculture and provides an overview of alternative genomics-based breeding strategies for enhancing genetic gain in rice suitable for low-input farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subroto Das Jyoti
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | | | - Lee Tarpley
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shyamal K. Talukder
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
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Li G, Guo X, Sun W, Hou L, Wang G, Tian R, Wang X, Qu C, Zhao C. Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:48. [PMID: 38216909 PMCID: PMC10787501 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) represents one of the most important oil and cash crops world-widely. Unlike many other legumes, peanuts absorb nitrogen through their underground pods. Despite this unique feature, the relationship between yield and nitrogen uptake within the pod zone remains poorly understood. In our pot experiment, we divided the underground peanut part into two zones-pod and root-and investigated the physiological and agronomic traits of two peanut cultivars, SH11 (large seeds, LS) and HY23 (small seeds, SS), at 10 (S1), 20 (S2), and 30 (S3) days after gynophores penetrated the soil, with nitrogen application in the pod zone. Results indicated that nitrogen application increased pod yield, kernel protein content, and nitrogen accumulation in plants. For both LS and SS peanut cultivars, optimal nitrogen content was 60 kg·hm- 2, leading to maximum yield. LS cultivar exhibited higher yield and nitrogen accumulation increases than SS cultivar. Nitrogen application up-regulated the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in the pod, including nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), ATP binding cassette (ABC), and nitrate transporter (NRT2). Additionally, nitrogen application increased enzyme activity in the pod, including NR, GS, and GOGAT, consistent with gene expression levels. These nitrogen metabolism traits exhibited higher up-regulations in the large-seeded cultivar than in the small-seeded one and showed a significant correlation with yield in the large-seeded cultivar at S2 and S3. Our findings offer a scientific basis for the judicious application and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilization in peanuts, laying the groundwork for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of peanut nitrogen utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, 276012, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guanghao Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunjuan Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Fortunato S, Nigro D, Lasorella C, Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, de Pinto MC. The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1771. [PMID: 38136642 PMCID: PMC10742212 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are the most broadly produced crops and represent the primary source of food worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient for plant growth and high yield, and the quality of cereal crops greatly depends on a suitable N supply. In the last decades, a massive use of N fertilizers has been achieved in the desire to have high yields of cereal crops, leading to damaging effects for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. To ensure agricultural sustainability and the required food source, many attempts have been made towards developing cereal crops with a more effective nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE depends on N uptake, utilization, and lastly, combining the capability to assimilate N into carbon skeletons and remobilize the N assimilated. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a crucial metabolic step of N assimilation, regulating crop yield. In this review, the physiological and genetic studies on GS and GOGAT of the main cereal crops will be examined, giving emphasis on their implications in NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lasorella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.)
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5
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Yang M, Dong C, Shi Y. Nano fertilizer synergist effects on nitrogen utilization and related gene expression in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:26. [PMID: 36631773 PMCID: PMC9835382 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of nano materials is one of the current hot spots in agricultural production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different nano fertilizer synergists on nitrogen (N) utilization and related gene expression in wheat. The experiments were carried out in pot and field conditions at the West-Coast Economic New Area experimental base and Greenhouse of Qingdao Agricultural University. Seven treatments were set up: CK (compound fertilizer), T1 (compound fertilizer + 0.3% nano carbon synergist), T2 (compound fertilizer + 0.3% nano calcium carbonate synergist), T3 (compound fertilizer + 0.3% composite nano synergist), T4 (70% compound fertilizer + 0.3% nano carbon synergist), T5 (70% compound fertilizer + 0.3% nano calcium carbonate synergist), T6 (70% compound fertilizer + 0.3% composite nano synergist). The results showed that compared with CK, the N accumulation of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 increased by 40-50%, 30-40%, 55-65%, 20-30%, 15-20% and 30-40%, respectively; and the N use efficiency increased by 12-19%, 9-18%, 16-22%, 5-17%, 4-16% and 10-20% respectively. And the gene expression levels of TaNRT2.2, TaNRT2.3, TaGS1 and TaGS2 in the treatments with synergistic phosphate fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the CK. The application of nano fertilizer synergist can significantly improve N accumulation, N use efficiency, and promote the expression of genes related to N transport and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengwu Dong
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Kasemsap P, Bloom AJ. Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:85. [PMID: 36616214 PMCID: PMC9823454 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and rice produce nutritious grains that provide 32% of the protein in the human diet globally. Here, we examine how genetic modifications to improve assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen forms ammonium and nitrate into protein influence grain yield of these crops. Successful breeding for modified nitrogen metabolism has focused on genes that coordinate nitrogen and carbon metabolism, including those that regulate tillering, heading date, and ammonium assimilation. Gaps in our current understanding include (1) species differences among candidate genes in nitrogen metabolism pathways, (2) the extent to which relative abundance of these nitrogen forms across natural soil environments shape crop responses, and (3) natural variation and genetic architecture of nitrogen-mediated yield improvement. Despite extensive research on the genetics of nitrogen metabolism since the rise of synthetic fertilizers, only a few projects targeting nitrogen pathways have resulted in development of cultivars with higher yields. To continue improving grain yield and quality, breeding strategies need to focus concurrently on both carbon and nitrogen assimilation and consider manipulating genes with smaller effects or that underlie regulatory networks as well as genes directly associated with nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpipat Kasemsap
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Mailstop 3, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Babele PK, Srivastava A, Selim KA, Kumar A. Millet-inspired systems metabolic engineering of NUE in crops. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:701-713. [PMID: 36566140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture has a great ability to increase crop productivity. However, their excessive use has detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop crop varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that require less N but have substantial yields. Orphan crops such as millets are cultivated in limited regions and are well adapted to lower input conditions. Therefore, they serve as a rich source of beneficial traits that can be transferred into major crops to improve their NUE. This review highlights the tremendous potential of systems biology to unravel the enzymes and pathways involved in the N metabolism of millets, which can open new possibilities to generate transgenic crops with improved NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh K Babele
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amit Srivastava
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Khaled A Selim
- Organismic Interactions Department, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', Tübingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang W, Wu X, Wang D, Wu D, Fu Y, Bian C, Jin L, Zhang Y. Leaf cytokinin accumulation promotes potato growth in mixed nitrogen supply by coordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111416. [PMID: 35995109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The source and sink balance determines crop growth, which is largely modulated by nitrogen (N) supplies. The use of mixed ammonium and nitrate as N supply can improve plant growth, however mechanisms involving the coordination of carbon and N metabolism are not well understood. Here, we investigated potato plants responding to N forms and confirmed that, compared with sole nitrate supply, mixed N (75 %/25 % nitrate/ammonium) enhanced leaf area, photosynthetic activity and N metabolism and accordingly resulted in outgrowth of stolons and shoot axillary buds. Cytokinin transportation in xylem sap and local cytokinin synthesis in leaves were up-regulated in mixed-N-treated potato plants relative to sole nitrate provision; and exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine in addition to sole nitrate restored leaf area, photosynthetic capacity and N content in leaves to the similar as those under mixed-N treatment. Partial defoliation, an effective method to enhance the sink strength, induced more cytokinin content in leaflets under two treatments relative to their respective controls and ultimately resulted in larger photosynthesis capacity and leaf area. These results suggest that mixed-N-enhanced plant growth through the coordination of carbon and N metabolism largely depends on the signal molecule cytokinin modulated by N supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunsong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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9
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Tan Y, Chai Q, Li G, Hu F, Yu A, Zhao C, Fan Z, Yin W, Fan H. No-till and nitrogen fertilizer reduction improve nitrogen translocation and productivity of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) via promotion of plant transpiration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988211. [PMID: 36119600 PMCID: PMC9478441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer has threatened the survivability and sustainability of agriculture. Improving N productivity is promising to address the above issue. Therefore, the field experiment, which investigated the effect of no-till and N fertilizer reduction on water use and N productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was conducted at Wuwei experimental station in northwestern China. There were two tillage practices (conventional tillage, CT; and no-till with previous plastic film mulching, NT) and three N fertilizer rates (135 kg N ha-1, N1; 180 kg N ha-1, N2; and 225 kg N ha-1, N3). The results showed that NT lowered soil evaporation (SE) by 22.4% while increasing the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) by 13.6%, compared with CT. In addition, NT improved the total N accumulation by 11.5% and enhanced N translocation (NT) quantity, rate, and contribution by a range of 6.2-23.3%. Ultimately, NT increased grain yield (GY), N partial factor productivity, and N harvest index by 13.4, 13.1, and 26.0%, respectively. Overall, N1 increased SE (13.6%) but decreased T/ET (6.1%) compared with N3. While, N2 enhanced NT quantity, rate, and contribution by a range of 6.0-15.2%. With the integration of NT, N2 achieved the same level of GY and N harvest index as N3 and promoted N partial factor productivity by 11.7%. The significant positive correlation of NT relative to T/ET and GY indicated that improving T/ET was essential for achieving higher NT. Therefore, we concluded that no-till coupled with N fertilizer rate at 180 kg N ha-1 was a preferable management option to boost the N productivity of spring wheat in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
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Transcriptional Comparison of Genes Associated with Photosynthesis, Photorespiration, and Photo-Assimilate Allocation and Metabolic Profiling of Rice Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168901. [PMID: 36012167 PMCID: PMC9408291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing human population alongside environmental deterioration has presented a pressing demand for increased food production per unit area. As a consequence, considerable research effort is currently being expended in assessing approaches to enhance crop yields. One such approach is to harness the allelic variation lost in domestication. This is of particular importance since crop wild relatives often exhibit better tolerance to abiotic stresses. Here, we wanted to address the question as to why wild rice species have decreased grain production despite being characterized by enhanced rates of photosynthesis. In order to do so, we selected ten rice species on the basis of the presence of genome information, life span, the prominence of distribution, and habitat type and evaluated the expression of genes in photosynthesis, photorespiration, sucrose and starch synthesis, sucrose transport, and primary and secondary cell walls. We additionally measured the levels of a range of primary metabolites via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the wild rice species exhibited not only higher photosynthesis but also superior CO2 recovery by photorespiration; showed greater production of photosynthates such as soluble sugars and starch and quick transportation to the sink organs with a possibility of transporting forms such as RFOs, revealing the preferential consumption of soluble sugars to develop both primary and secondary cell walls; and, finally, displayed high glutamine/glutamic acid ratios, indicating that they likely exhibited high N-use efficiency. The findings from the current study thus identify directions for future rice improvement through breeding.
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