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Jurado C, Díaz-Vivancos P, Gregorio BE, Acosta-Motos JR, Hernández JA. Effect of halophyte-based management in physiological and biochemical responses of tomato plants under moderately saline greenhouse conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108228. [PMID: 38043255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity, both in irrigation water and in soils, is one of the major abiotic constraints for agriculture activity worldwide. Phytodesalinization is a low-cost plant-based bioremediation strategy that can effectively amend salt-affected soils by cultivating salt tolerant plants. However, very few studies have evaluated the use of halophyte plants in crop management systems. In this work, we apply two different tomato crop management strategies involving the halophyte Arthrocaulon macrostachyum L. in a moderately saline soil: intercropping (mixed cultivation) and sequential cropping (cultivation of tomato where halophytes were previously grown). We investigated the effect of the different crop managements in some physiological and biochemical variables in tomato plants, including mineral nutrients content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and flavonol contents, antioxidant metabolism and fruit production and quality. At soil level, both intercropping and sequential cropping decreased chloride content, sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity, leading to reduced soil salinity. In tomato plants, halophyte-dependent management improved nutrient homeostasis and triggered a mild oxidative stress, whereas photosynthesis performance was enhanced by intercropping. In tomato fruits, the sequential cropping led to a 27% production increase and a slight decrease in the soluble sugar contents. We suggest the use of A. macrostachyum, and hence of halophyte plants, as an environmentally friendly phytoremediation strategy to improve plant performance while improving crop production, leading to a more sustainable agriculture and enhancing biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Jurado
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Barba-Espín Gregorio
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Associate Unit of R&D+i CSIC-UCAM "Plant Biotechnology, Agriculture and Climate Resilience Group, Spain
| | - José A Hernández
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Lindberg S, Premkumar A. Ion Changes and Signaling under Salt Stress in Wheat and Other Important Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 38202354 PMCID: PMC10780558 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42-) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+, potassium (K+), and water into plant cells. Different intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations change with salinity, including those of Ca2+, K+, and protons. These cations serve as stress signaling molecules in addition to being essential for ionic homeostasis and nutrition. Maintaining an appropriate K+:Na+ ratio is one crucial plant mechanism for salt tolerance, which is a complicated trait. Another important mechanism is the ability for fast extrusion of Na+ from the cytosol. Ca2+ is established as a ubiquitous secondary messenger, which transmits various stress signals into metabolic alterations that cause adaptive responses. When plants are under stress, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration can rise to 10 times or more from its resting level of 50-100 nanomolar. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to the Ca2+ alterations and are produced by stress. Depending on the type, frequency, and intensity of the stress, the cytosolic Ca2+ signals oscillate, are transient, or persist for a longer period and exhibit specific "signatures". Both the influx and efflux of Ca2+ affect the length and amplitude of the signal. According to several reports, under stress Ca2+ alterations can occur not only in the cytoplasm of the cell but also in the cell walls, nucleus, and other cell organelles and the Ca2+ waves propagate through the whole plant. Here, we will focus on how wheat and other important crops absorb Na+, K+, and Cl- when plants are under salt stress, as well as how Ca2+, K+, and pH cause intracellular signaling and homeostasis. Similar mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis will also be considered. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding how plants react to salinity stress and for the development of tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Premkumar
- Bharathiyar Group of Institutes, Guduvanchery 603202, Tamilnadu, India;
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3
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Krishnamurthy P, Amzah NRB, Kumar PP. High-affinity potassium transporter from a mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis increases salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111841. [PMID: 37625549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity reduces the growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide. Mangroves have evolved efficient ion homeostasis mechanisms to survive under their natural saline growth habitat. Information obtained from them may be utilized for increasing the salt tolerance of crop plants. We identified and characterized a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (AoHKT1) from Avicennia officinalis. The expression of AoHKT1 was induced by NaCl mainly in the leaves. Functional study by heterologous expression of AoHKT1 in Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants athkt1-1 and athkt1-4 revealed that it could enhance the salt tolerance of the mutant plants. This was accompanied by an increase in K+ accumulation in the leaves. AoHKT1 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis, and when expressed in yeast, it could complement the functions of both Na+ and K+ transporters. An attempt was made to identify the upstream regulator of AtHKT1, a close homolog of AoHKT1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay and yeast one-hybrid assays, WRKY9 was identified as the main transcription factor in the process. Furthermore, this was corroborated by the observation that AtHKT1 levels were significantly reduced in the atwrky9 seedlings. These findings revealed a part of the molecular regulatory mechanism of HKT1 induction in response to salt treatment in Arabidopsis. Our study suggests that AoHKT1 is a potential candidate for generating crop plants with increased salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Nur Ramizah Bte Amzah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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4
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Mulet JM, Porcel R, Yenush L. Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5989-6005. [PMID: 37611215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant's response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Li R, Ge Y, Li Y, Li R. Plants' Response to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10915. [PMID: 37446089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment, impacting plants' growth and development. These stress factors, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, are often interrelated or in conjunction with each other. Plants have evolved mechanisms to sense these environmental challenges and make adjustments to their growth in order to survive and reproduce. In this review, we summarized recent studies on plant stress sensing and its regulatory mechanism, emphasizing signal transduction and regulation at multiple levels. Then we presented several strategies to improve plant growth under stress based on current progress. Finally, we discussed the implications of research on plant response to abiotic stresses for high-yielding crops and agricultural sustainability. Studying stress signaling and regulation is critical to understand abiotic stress responses in plants to generate stress-resistant crops and improve agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanrui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Zhao Z, Zheng H, Wang M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Zheng C, Tao Y, Sun X, Qian D, Cao G, Zhu M, Liang M, Wang M, Gong Y, Li B, Wang J, Sun Y. Reshifting Na + from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize ( Zea mays L.) Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1952. [PMID: 37653869 PMCID: PMC10220590 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in response to salt stress. Under salt stress, the tolerant QXH0121 line exhibited good performance, while in the sensitive QXN233 line, there were negative effects on the growth of the leaves and roots. The most important finding was that QXH0121 could reshift Na+ from shoots into long roots, migrate excess Na+ in shoots to alleviate salt damage to shoots, and also improve K+ retention in shoots, which were closely associated with the enhanced expression levels of ZmHAK1 and ZmNHX1 in QXH0121 compared to those in QXN233 under salt stress. Additionally, QXH0121 leaves accumulated more proline, soluble protein, and sugar contents and had higher SOD activity levels than those observed in QXN233, which correlated with the upregulation of ZmP5CR, ZmBADH, ZmTPS1, and ZmSOD4 in QXH0121 leaves. These were the main causes of the higher salt tolerance of QXH0121 in contrast to QXN233. These results broaden our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of salt tolerance in different maize varieties, providing novel insights into breeding maize with a high level of salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Minghao Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yaning Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yingfei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Chaoli Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Dandan Qian
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Guanglong Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengqian Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengting Liang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Bingxiao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinye Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
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7
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Gao Q, Yin X, Wang F, Hu S, Liu W, Chen L, Dai X, Liang M. OsJRL40, a Jacalin-Related Lectin Gene, Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087441. [PMID: 37108614 PMCID: PMC10138497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity is a major stress factor affecting the quality and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although numerous salt tolerance-related genes have been identified in rice, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that OsJRL40, a jacalin-related lectin gene, confers remarkable salt tolerance in rice. The loss of function of OsJRL40 increased sensitivity to salt stress in rice, whereas its overexpression enhanced salt tolerance at the seedling stage and during reproductive growth. β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assays indicated that OsJRL40 is expressed to higher levels in roots and internodes than in other tissues, and subcellular localization analysis revealed that the OsJRL40 protein localizes to the cytoplasm. Further molecular analyses showed that OsJRL40 enhances antioxidant enzyme activities and regulates Na+-K+ homeostasis under salt stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed that OsJRL40 regulates salt tolerance in rice by controlling the expression of genes encoding Na+/K+ transporters, salt-responsive transcription factors, and other salt response-related proteins. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for an in-depth investigation of the salt tolerance mechanism in rice and could guide the breeding of salt-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuchang Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Liangbi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Manzhong Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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8
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Bowerman AF, Byrt CS, Roy SJ, Whitney SM, Mortimer JC, Ankeny RA, Gilliham M, Zhang D, Millar AA, Rebetzke GJ, Pogson BJ. Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:139-161. [PMID: 36377770 PMCID: PMC9806601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate," but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachel A Ankeny
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Jayabalan S, Rajakani R, Kumari K, Pulipati S, Hariharan RVG, Venkatesan SD, Jaganathan D, Kancharla PK, Raju K, Venkataraman G. Morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization of coastal rice landraces to identify novel genetic sources of salinity tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 187:50-66. [PMID: 35952550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a leading cause for yield losses in rice, affecting nearly 6% of global rice cultivable area. India is host to a rich diversity of coastal rice landraces that are naturally tolerant to salinity and an untapped source to identify novel determinants of salinity tolerance. In the present study, we have assessed the relative salinity tolerance of 43 previously genotyped rice landraces at seedling stage, using thirteen morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters using a hydroponics system. Among 43 rice varieties, 25 were tolerant, 15 were moderately tolerant, 1 was moderately susceptible and 2 sensitive checks were found to be highly susceptible based on standard salinity scoring methods. In addition to previously known saline tolerant genotypes (Pokkali, FL478 and Nona Bokra), the present study has novel genotypes such as Katrangi, Orkyma, Aduisen 1, Orumundakan 1, Hoogla, and Talmugur 2 as potential sources of salinity tolerance through measurement of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters including Na+, K+ estimations and Na+/K+ ratios. Further, Pallipuram Pokkali may be an important source of the tissue tolerance trait under salinity. Four marker trait associations (RM455-root Na+; RM161-shoot and root Na+/K+ ratios; RM237-salinity tolerance index) accounted for phenotypic variations in the range of 20.97-39.82%. A significant increase in root endodermal and exodermal suberization was observed in selected rice landraces under salinity. For the first time, variation in the number of suberized sclerenchymatous layers as well as passage cells is reported, in addition to expression level changes in suberin biosynthetic genes (CYP86A2, CYP81B1, CYP86A8 and PERL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpha Jayabalan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajakani
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raj V Ganesh Hariharan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmiya Devi Venkatesan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa Jaganathan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Kancharla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Kalaimani Raju
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kaashyap M, Kaur S, Ford R, Edwards D, Siddique KH, Varshney RK, Mantri N. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two RIL parents with contrasting salt responsiveness identifies polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated flower lncRNAs in chickpea. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1402-1416. [PMID: 35395125 PMCID: PMC9241372 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely affects the yield of chickpea. Understanding the role of lncRNAs can shed light on chickpea salt tolerance mechanisms. However, because lncRNAs are encoded by multiple sites within the genome, their classification to reveal functional versatility at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels is challenging. To address this, we deep sequenced 24 salt-challenged flower transcriptomes from two parental genotypes of a RIL population that significantly differ in salt tolerance ability. The transcriptomes for the first time included 12 polyadenylated and 12 non-polyadenylated RNA libraries to a sequencing depth of ~50 million reads. The ab initio transcriptome assembly comprised ~34 082 transcripts from three biological replicates of salt-tolerant (JG11) and salt-sensitive (ICCV2) flowers. A total of 9419 lncRNAs responding to salt stress were identified, 2345 of which were novel lncRNAs specific to chickpea. The expression of poly(A+) lncRNAs and naturally antisense transcribed RNAs suggest their role in post-transcriptional modification and gene silencing. Notably, 178 differentially expressed lncRNAs were induced in the tolerant genotype but repressed in the sensitive genotype. Co-expression network analysis revealed that the induced lncRNAs interacted with the FLOWERING LOCUS (FLC), chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation genes, thus inducing flowering during salt stress. Furthermore, 26 lncRNAs showed homology with reported lncRNAs such as COOLAIR, IPS1 and AT4, thus confirming the role of chickpea lncRNAs in controlling flowering time as a crucial salt tolerance mechanism in tolerant chickpea genotype. These robust set of differentially expressed lncRNAs provide a deeper insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlled by lncRNAs under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics LabSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Plant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Sukhjiwan Kaur
- Department of Economic DevelopmentJobs, Transport and ResourcesAgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)PatancheruTelanganaIndia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreCentre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics LabSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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11
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Joshi S, Nath J, Singh AK, Pareek A, Joshi R. Ion transporters and their regulatory signal transduction mechanisms for salinity tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13702. [PMID: 35524987 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most serious threats to plant growth and productivity. Due to global climate change, burgeoning population and shrinking arable land, there is an urgent need to develop crops with minimum reduction in yield when cultivated in salt-affected areas. Salinity stress imposes osmotic stress as well as ion toxicity, which impairs major plant processes such as photosynthesis, cellular metabolism, and plant nutrition. One of the major effects of salinity stress in plants includes the disturbance of ion homeostasis in various tissues. In the present study, we aimed to review the regulation of uptake, transport, storage, efflux, influx, and accumulation of various ions in plants under salinity stress. We have summarized major research advancements towards understanding the ion homeostasis at both cellular and whole-plant level under salinity stress. We have also discussed various factors regulating the function of ion transporters and channels in maintaining ion homeostasis and ionic interactions under salt stress, including plant antioxidative defense, osmo-protection, and osmoregulation. We further elaborated on stress perception at extracellular and intracellular levels, which triggers downstream intracellular-signaling cascade, including secondary messenger molecules generation. Various signaling and signal transduction mechanisms under salinity stress and their role in improving ion homeostasis in plants are also discussed. Taken together, the present review focuses on recent advancements in understanding the regulation and function of different ion channels and transporters under salt stress, which may pave the way for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jhilmil Nath
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Mann A, Varshney RK, Siddique KHM, Mantri N. Comparative Flower Transcriptome Network Analysis Reveals DEGs Involved in Chickpea Reproductive Success during Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030434. [PMID: 35161414 PMCID: PMC8838858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is increasingly becoming a significant problem for the most important yet intrinsically salt-sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea is extremely sensitive to salinity during the reproductive phase. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomic dynamics between the two contrasting genotypes in response to salt stress. Chickpea exhibits considerable genetic variation amongst improved cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be enhanced for sustainable crop production. Based on previous extensive multi-location physiological screening, two identified genotypes, JG11 (salt-tolerant) and ICCV2 (salt-sensitive), were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their phenological and transcriptional responses. RNA-Sequencing is a revolutionary tool that allows for comprehensive transcriptome profiling to identify genes and alleles associated with stress tolerance and sensitivity. After the first flowering, the whole flower from stress-tolerant and sensitive genotypes was collected. A total of ~300 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced, resulting in 2022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Genes involved in flowering time such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and pollen development such as ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), rho-GTPase, and pollen-receptor kinase were significantly differentially regulated, suggesting their role in salt tolerance. In addition to this, we identify a suite of essential genes such as MYB proteins, MADS-box, and chloride ion channel genes, which are crucial regulators of transcriptional responses to salinity tolerance. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes in flower development suggest that they can be potential candidates for chickpea crop improvement for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Anita Mann
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Zarifa Farm, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; or
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
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13
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Gojon A, Nussaume L, Luu DT, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A, Rodrigues Saltenis VL, Cohan J, Desnos T, Inzé D, Ferguson JN, Guiderdonni E, Krapp A, Klein Lankhorst R, Maurel C, Rouached H, Parry MAJ, Pribil M, Scharff LB, Nacry P. Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Doan T. Luu
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Thierry Desnos
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - John N. Ferguson
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Versailles France
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
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14
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Rawat N, Wungrampha S, Singla-Pareek SL, Yu M, Shabala S, Pareek A. Rewilding staple crops for the lost halophytism: Toward sustainability and profitability of agricultural production systems. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:45-64. [PMID: 34915209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance has been weakened during the domestication of all major staple crops. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that impacts over half of the world population; however, given the increasing reliance on irrigation and the lack of available freshwater, agriculture in the 21st century will increasingly become saline. Therefore, global food security is critically dependent on the ability of plant breeders to create high-yielding staple crop varieties that will incorporate salinity tolerance traits and account for future climate scenarios. Previously, we have argued that the current agricultural practices and reliance on crops that exclude salt from uptake is counterproductive and environmentally unsustainable, and thus called for a need for a major shift in a breeding paradigm to incorporate some halophytic traits that were present in wild relatives but were lost in modern crops during domestication. In this review, we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of the key traits conferring crop halophytism, such as vacuolar Na+ sequestration, ROS desensitization, succulence, metabolic photosynthetic switch, and salt deposition in trichomes, and discuss the strategies for incorporating them into elite germplasm, to address a pressing issue of boosting plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Rawat
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Silas Wungrampha
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tas 7001, Australia.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, India.
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