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Bachari A, Nassar N, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Piva TJ, Mantri N. Evaluating the Mechanism of Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by the Cannabis Extract PHEC-66. Cells 2024; 13:268. [PMID: 38334660 PMCID: PMC10854753 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Research suggests the potential of using cannabinoid-derived compounds to function as anticancer agents against melanoma cells. Our recent study highlighted the remarkable in vitro anticancer effects of PHEC-66, an extract from Cannabis sativa, on the MM418-C1, MM329, and MM96L melanoma cell lines. However, the complete molecular mechanism behind this action remains to be elucidated. This study aims to unravel how PHEC-66 brings about its antiproliferative impact on these cell lines, utilising diverse techniques such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), assays to assess the inhibition of CB1 and CB2 receptors, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The outcomes obtained from this study suggest that PHEC-66 triggers apoptosis in these melanoma cell lines by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX mRNA) while concurrently reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 mRNA). Additionally, PHEC-66 induces DNA fragmentation, halting cell progression at the G1 cell cycle checkpoint and substantially elevating intracellular ROS levels. These findings imply that PHEC-66 might have potential as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, it is essential to conduct further preclinical investigations to delve deeper into its potential and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Bachari A, Nassar N, Schanknecht E, Telukutla S, Piva TJ, Mantri N. Rationalizing a prospective coupling effect of cannabinoids with the current pharmacotherapy for melanoma treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1633. [PMID: 37920964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the leading fatal forms of cancer, yet from a treatment perspective, we have minimal control over its reoccurrence and resistance to current pharmacotherapies. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has recently been accepted as a multifaceted homeostatic regulator, influencing various physiological processes across different biological compartments, including the skin. This review presents an overview of the pathophysiology of melanoma, current pharmacotherapy used for treatment, and the challenges associated with the different pharmacological approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the utility of cannabinoids as an additive remedy for melanoma by restoring the balance between downregulated immunomodulatory pathways and elevated inflammatory cytokines during chronic skin conditions as one of the suggested critical approaches in treating this immunogenic tumor. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Terrence Jerald Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bachari A, Nassar N, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Dekiwadia C, Piva TJ, Mantri N. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Cannabis Extract PHEC-66 on Melanoma Cell Lines. Cells 2023; 12:2450. [PMID: 37887294 PMCID: PMC10605078 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Melanoma is widely recognized to resist advanced cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and chemotherapy. Numerous studies have shown that various Cannabis sativa extracts exhibit potential anticancer effects against different types of tumours both in vitro and in vivo. This study is the first to report that PHEC-66, a Cannabis sativa extract, displays antiproliferative effects against MM418-C1, MM329 and MM96L melanoma cells. Although these findings suggest that PHEC-66 has promising potential as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for melanoma treatment, further research is necessary to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Yaraguppi DA, Bagewadi ZK, Patil NR, Mantri N. Iturin: A Promising Cyclic Lipopeptide with Diverse Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1515. [PMID: 37892197 PMCID: PMC10604914 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines iturin, a cyclic lipopeptide originating from Bacillus subtilis and related bacteria. These compounds are structurally diverse and possess potent inhibitory effects against plant disease-causing bacteria and fungi. Notably, Iturin A exhibits strong antifungal properties and low toxicity, making it valuable for bio-pesticides and mycosis treatment. Emerging research reveals additional capabilities, including anticancer and hemolytic features. Iturin finds applications across industries. In food, iturin as a biosurfactant serves beyond surface tension reduction, enhancing emulsions and texture. Biosurfactants are significant in soil remediation, agriculture, wound healing, and sustainability. They also show promise in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) in the petroleum industry. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries recognize iturin's diverse properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-obesity effects. Cosmetic applications span emulsification, anti-wrinkle, and antibacterial use. Understanding iturin's structure, synthesis, and applications gains importance as biosurfactant and lipopeptide research advances. This review focuses on emphasizing iturin's structural characteristics, production methods, biological effects, and applications across industries. It probes iturin's antibacterial, antifungal potential, antiviral efficacy, and cancer treatment capabilities. It explores diverse applications in food, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, considering recent developments, challenges, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A. Yaraguppi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ninganagouda R. Patil
- Department of Physics, B. V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Dhingra U, Mantri N, Pani S, Tempe DK, Arora M. Etomidate Versus Propofol for Monitored Anesthesia Care During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2023; 15:e43178. [PMID: 37692744 PMCID: PMC10485560 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Propofol-based sedation is one of the most commonly used methods for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The commonest complications during ERCP are in the form of adverse cardiopulmonary events as a result of sedation. Etomidate has a more stable cardiovascular and respiratory profile than propofol and has been used for sedation in simple gastrointestinal endoscopy but has not been studied for procedural sedation in ERCP. The objective of the present study was to compare the safety and feasibility of etomidate and propofol for sedation during ERCP procedures. Methods This single-center, randomized trial included 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I to II patients who were scheduled for ERCP. All patients received midazolam 0.02 mg/kg, lignocaine (2%) 1 mg/kg, and fentanyl 1 µg/kg intravenously, followed by etomidate or propofol according to the group allocation. The primary outcome was to compare the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at various timepoints between the two groups and secondary outcomes were to compare oxygen saturation, induction and recovery times, and adverse events. Transient hypotension was defined as any decrease in MAP below 60 mmHg or 20% below the baseline. Transient hypoxia was defined as desaturation (saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) <92%) lasting for more than 10 seconds requiring airway intervention. Results Fifty patients were enrolled in each group (Group E: etomidate and Group P: propofol). Transient hypotension occurred in eight (16%) patients in Group P, and two (4%) patients in Group E (P= 0.045). Baseline MAP was comparable between the two groups but was significantly lower in Group P at three timepoints during the study. Nine (18 %) patients in Group P had a transient hypoxic episode, compared to none in Group E (p= 0.006). The induction and recovery times were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Etomidate offers better hemodynamic and respiratory stability than propofol and can be recommended for use during ERCP in ASA I/II patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Dhingra
- Anesthesiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Anesthesiology, Vishesh Jupiter Hospital, Indore, IND
| | - Soveena Pani
- Anesthesiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, IND
| | - Deepak K Tempe
- Anesthesiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mahesh Arora
- Anesthesiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IND
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Luo M, Sarnowski TJ, Libault M, Ríos G, Charron JB, Mantri N, Zhang S. Editorial: New insights into mechanisms of epigenetic modifiers in plant growth and development, volume II. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1213511. [PMID: 37409285 PMCID: PMC10319114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Department of Citriculture and Plant Production, Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shoudong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Hussain J, Cohen M, O'Malley CJ, Mantri N, Li Y, Mueller JF, Greaves R, Wang X. Detections of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticide metabolites in urine and sweat obtained from women during infrared sauna and exercise: A pilot crossover study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114091. [PMID: 36516689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides such as organophosphates and pyrethroids are commonly used worldwide yet the metabolic and long-term human health effects of these environmental exposures are unclear. Urinary detections of metabolites involving both classes of insecticides have been documented in various global populations. However, reports documenting similar detections in human sweat are sparse. In this study, the concentrations of four insecticide metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in repeated sweat and urine collections (n = 85) from 10 women undergoing three interventions (control, infrared sauna and indoor bicycling) within a single-blinded randomised crossover trial. The Friedman test with post-hoc two-way analysis of variance, the related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Spearman's rank-order correlation test were used to analyse the results. Organophosphate metabolites were detected in 84.6% (22/26) and pyrethroids in 26.9% (7/26) of the collected sweat samples (pooled per individual, per intervention). Urinary concentrations of three of the four metabolites marginally increased after infrared sauna bathing: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (z = 2.395, p = 0.017); 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (z = 2.599, p = 0.009); and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (z = 2.090, p = 0.037). Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid also increased after exercise (z = 2.073, p = 0.038) and demonstrated the most temporal variability (days to weeks) of any of the urinary metabolites. Definitive sweat/urine correlations were not demonstrated. These results indicate metabolites from organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides can be detected in human sweat and this raises intriguing questions about perspiration and its role in the metabolism and excretion of synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hussain
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marc Cohen
- Extreme Wellness Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cindy J O'Malley
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronda Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Reddy TS, Zomer R, Mantri N. Nanoformulations as a strategy to overcome the delivery limitations of cannabinoids. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1526-1538. [PMID: 36748949 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medical cannabis has received significant interest in recent years due to its promising benefits in the management of pain, anxiety, depression and neurological and movement disorders. Specifically, the major phytocannabinoids derived from the cannabis plant such as (-) trans-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have been shown to be responsible for the pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Recently, these phytocannabinoids have also attracted special attention in cancer treatment due to their well-known palliative benefits in chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, pain and loss of appetite along with their anticancer activities. Despite the enormous pharmacological benefits, the low aqueous solubility, high instability (susceptibility to extensive first pass metabolism) and poor systemic bioavailability restrict their utilization at clinical perspective. Therefore, drug delivery strategies based on nanotechnology are emerging to improve pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of cannabinoids as well as enhance their targeted delivery. Here, we critically review the nano-formulation systems engineered for overcoming the delivery limitations of native phytocannabinoids including polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles (lipid nano capsules (LNCs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsions (NE) and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)), ethosomes and cyclodextrins as well as their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Srinivasa Reddy
- The Pangenomics Group, Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Schanknecht E, Bachari A, Nassar N, Piva T, Mantri N. Phytochemical Constituents and Derivatives of Cannabis sativa; Bridging the Gap in Melanoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010859. [PMID: 36614303 PMCID: PMC9820847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is deadly, physically impairing, and has ongoing treatment deficiencies. Current treatment regimens include surgery, targeted kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and combined approaches. Each of these treatments face pitfalls, with diminutive five-year survival in patients with advanced metastatic invasion of lymph and secondary organ tissues. Polyphenolic compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids; both natural and synthetic, have emerging evidence of nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmacological potential, including specific anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and palliative utility. Cannabis sativa is a wellspring of medicinal compounds whose direct and adjunctive application may offer considerable relief for melanoma suffers worldwide. This review aims to address the diverse applications of C. sativa's biocompounds in the scope of melanoma and suggest it as a strong candidate for ongoing pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Terrence Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Kaashyap M, Kaur S, Ford R, Edwards D, Siddique KH, Varshney RK, Mantri N. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two RIL parents with contrasting salt responsiveness identifies polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated flower lncRNAs in chickpea. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1402-1416. [PMID: 35395125 PMCID: PMC9241372 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely affects the yield of chickpea. Understanding the role of lncRNAs can shed light on chickpea salt tolerance mechanisms. However, because lncRNAs are encoded by multiple sites within the genome, their classification to reveal functional versatility at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels is challenging. To address this, we deep sequenced 24 salt-challenged flower transcriptomes from two parental genotypes of a RIL population that significantly differ in salt tolerance ability. The transcriptomes for the first time included 12 polyadenylated and 12 non-polyadenylated RNA libraries to a sequencing depth of ~50 million reads. The ab initio transcriptome assembly comprised ~34 082 transcripts from three biological replicates of salt-tolerant (JG11) and salt-sensitive (ICCV2) flowers. A total of 9419 lncRNAs responding to salt stress were identified, 2345 of which were novel lncRNAs specific to chickpea. The expression of poly(A+) lncRNAs and naturally antisense transcribed RNAs suggest their role in post-transcriptional modification and gene silencing. Notably, 178 differentially expressed lncRNAs were induced in the tolerant genotype but repressed in the sensitive genotype. Co-expression network analysis revealed that the induced lncRNAs interacted with the FLOWERING LOCUS (FLC), chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation genes, thus inducing flowering during salt stress. Furthermore, 26 lncRNAs showed homology with reported lncRNAs such as COOLAIR, IPS1 and AT4, thus confirming the role of chickpea lncRNAs in controlling flowering time as a crucial salt tolerance mechanism in tolerant chickpea genotype. These robust set of differentially expressed lncRNAs provide a deeper insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlled by lncRNAs under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics LabSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Plant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Sukhjiwan Kaur
- Department of Economic DevelopmentJobs, Transport and ResourcesAgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)PatancheruTelanganaIndia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreCentre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics LabSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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Mahmoudinoodezh H, Telukutla SR, Bhangu SK, Bachari A, Cavalieri F, Mantri N. The Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Cannabinoids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020438. [PMID: 35214170 PMCID: PMC8876728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have indicated an increased interest in the scientific community regarding the application of Cannabis sativa plants, and their extracts, for medicinal purposes. This plant of enormous medicinal potential has been legalised in an increasing number of countries globally. Due to the recent changes in therapeutic and recreational legislation, cannabis and cannabinoids are now frequently permitted for use in clinical settings. However, with their highly lipophilic features and very low aqueous solubility, cannabinoids are prone to degradation, specifically in solution, as they are light-, temperature-, and auto-oxidation-sensitive. Thus, plant-derived cannabinoids have been developed for oral, nasal-inhalation, intranasal, mucosal (sublingual and buccal), transcutaneous (transdermal), local (topical), and parenteral deliveries. Among these administrations routes, topical and transdermal products usually have a higher bioavailability rate with a prolonged steady-state plasma concentration. Additionally, these administrations have the potential to eliminate the psychotropic impacts of the drug by its diffusion into a nonreactive, dead stratum corneum. This modality avoids oral administration and, thus, the first-pass metabolism, leading to constant cannabinoid plasma levels. This review article investigates the practicality of delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin in accordance with existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Mahmoudinoodezh
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Mann A, Varshney RK, Siddique KHM, Mantri N. Comparative Flower Transcriptome Network Analysis Reveals DEGs Involved in Chickpea Reproductive Success during Salinity. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030434. [PMID: 35161414 PMCID: PMC8838858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is increasingly becoming a significant problem for the most important yet intrinsically salt-sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea is extremely sensitive to salinity during the reproductive phase. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomic dynamics between the two contrasting genotypes in response to salt stress. Chickpea exhibits considerable genetic variation amongst improved cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be enhanced for sustainable crop production. Based on previous extensive multi-location physiological screening, two identified genotypes, JG11 (salt-tolerant) and ICCV2 (salt-sensitive), were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their phenological and transcriptional responses. RNA-Sequencing is a revolutionary tool that allows for comprehensive transcriptome profiling to identify genes and alleles associated with stress tolerance and sensitivity. After the first flowering, the whole flower from stress-tolerant and sensitive genotypes was collected. A total of ~300 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced, resulting in 2022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Genes involved in flowering time such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and pollen development such as ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), rho-GTPase, and pollen-receptor kinase were significantly differentially regulated, suggesting their role in salt tolerance. In addition to this, we identify a suite of essential genes such as MYB proteins, MADS-box, and chloride ion channel genes, which are crucial regulators of transcriptional responses to salinity tolerance. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes in flower development suggest that they can be potential candidates for chickpea crop improvement for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Anita Mann
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Zarifa Farm, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; or
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia;
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13
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Kaashyap M, Cohen M, Mantri N. Microbial Diversity and Characteristics of Kombucha as Revealed by Metagenomic and Physicochemical Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124446. [PMID: 34960001 PMCID: PMC8704692 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented tea made from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) with a long history of use as a health tonic. It is likely that most health benefits come from the tea and fermentation metabolites from specific microbial communities. Despite its growing importance as a functional health drink, the microbial ecosystem present in kombucha has not been fully documented. To characterize the microbial composition and biochemical properties of 'The Good Brew' original base kombucha, we used metagenomics amplicon (16S rRNA and ITS) sequencing to identify the microbial communities at the taxonomic level. We identified 34 genera with 200 microbial species yet described in kombucha. The dominance of organic acid producing microorganisms Acetobacter, Komagataeibacter and Starmerella are healthy for the human gut and their glucose metabolising activities have a putative role in preventing conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Kombucha contains high protein (3.31 µg/mL), high phenolic content (290.4 mg/100 mL) and low sugars (glucose: 1.87 g/L; sucrose 1.11 g/L; fructose: 0.05 g/L) as compared to green tea. The broad microbial diversity with proven health benefits for the human gut suggests kombucha is a powerful probiotic. These findings are important to improve the commercial value of kombucha and uncover the immense prospects for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Marc Cohen
- The Good Brew Co., Brunswick, Melbourne, VIC 3056, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Behera BK, Dehury B, Rout AK, Patra B, Mantri N, Chakraborty HJ, Sarkar DJ, Kaushik NK, Bansal V, Singh I, Das BK, Rao AR, Rai A. Metagenomics study in aquatic resource management: Recent trends, applied methodologies and future needs. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Singh K, Nassar N, Bachari A, Schanknecht E, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Piva TJ, Mantri N. The Pathophysiology and the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4107. [PMID: 34439262 PMCID: PMC8392233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently occurring cancer diagnosed among males. Recent preclinical evidence implicates cannabinoids as powerful regulators of cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we focused on studies that demonstrated anticancer effects of cannabinoids and their possible mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. Besides the palliative effects of cannabinoids, research from the past two decades has demonstrated their promising potential as antitumor agents in a wide variety of cancers. This analysis may provide pharmacological insights into the selection of specific cannabinoids for the development of antitumor drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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16
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Chand Jha U, Nayyar H, Mantri N, Siddique KHM. Non-Coding RNAs in Legumes: Their Emerging Roles in Regulating Biotic/Abiotic Stress Responses and Plant Growth and Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071674. [PMID: 34359842 PMCID: PMC8306516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), control gene expression at the transcription, post-transcription, and translation levels. Apart from protein-coding genes, accumulating evidence supports ncRNAs playing a critical role in shaping plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses in various species, including legume crops. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, modulating their target genes. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling these cellular processes are not well understood. Here, we discuss the features of various ncRNAs, including their emerging role in contributing to biotic/abiotic stress response and plant growth and development, in addition to the molecular mechanisms involved, focusing on legume crops. Unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional implications of ncRNAs will enhance our understanding of the coordinated regulation of plant defences against various biotic and abiotic stresses and for key growth and development processes to better design various legume crops for global food security.
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MESH Headings
- Fabaceae/genetics
- Fabaceae/growth & development
- Fabaceae/metabolism
- Food Security
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/classification
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Circular/classification
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/classification
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/classification
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/classification
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India
- Correspondence: (U.C.J.); (K.H.M.S.)
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, Australia
- Correspondence: (U.C.J.); (K.H.M.S.)
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17
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Rani A, Ravindran VB, Surapaneni A, Mantri N, Ball AS. Review: Trends in point-of-care diagnosis for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food and water. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 349:109233. [PMID: 34022616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga-producing E. coli is a major pathogenic E. coli strain which since the early 1980s has become a crucial food and water-borne pathogen. Several management strategies can be applied to control the spread of infection; however early diagnosis represents the optimum preventive strategy to minimize the infection. Therefore, it is crucial to detect this pathogen in a fast and efficient manner in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Currently used gold standard tests rely on culture and pre-enrichment of E. coli O157:H7 from the contaminated source; they are time consuming and laborious. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction are sensitive; however, they require expensive instrumentation. Therefore, there is a requirement for Accurate, Sensitive, Specific, User friendly, Rapid, Equipment free and Deliverable (ASSURED) detection methods for use in the laboratory and in the field. Emerging technologies such as isothermal amplification methods, biosensors, surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, paper-based diagnostics and smartphone-based digital methods are recognized as new approaches in the field of E. coli O157:H7 diagnostics and are discussed in this review. Mobile PCR and CRISPR-Cas diagnostic platforms have been identified as new tools in E. coli O157:H7 POC diagnostics with the potential for implementation by industry. This review describes advances and progress in the field of E. coli O157:H7 diagnosis in the context of food and water industry. The focus is on emerging high throughput point-of-care (POC) E. coli O157:H7 diagnostics and the requirement for the transformation to service routine diagnostics in the food and water industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Vivek B Ravindran
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria 3083, Australia; South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria 3083, Australia
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18
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Rani A, Ravindran VB, Surapaneni A, Shahsavari E, Haleyur N, Mantri N, Ball AS. Evaluation and comparison of recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral-flow bioassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection using diifeerent genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1881. [PMID: 33479307 PMCID: PMC7820579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a food and waterborne zoonotic pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Rapid and simple detection in water and food is imperative to control its spread. However, traditional microbial detection approaches are time-consuming, expensive and complex to operate at the point-of-care without professional training. We present a rapid, simple, sensitive, specific and portable method for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water, apple juice and milk. We evaluated the effect of gene selection in detecting E. coli O157:H7 using recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with a lateral flow assay using rfbE, fliC and stx gene targets. As low as 100 ag and 1 fg DNA, 4-5 CFU/mL and 101 CFU/mL of E. coli O157:H7 was detected using the stx and rfbE gene targets respectively with 100% specificity, whilst the detection limit was 10 fg DNA and 102 CFU/mL for the fliC gene target, with 72.8% specificity. The RPA-LFA can be completed within 8 min at temperatures between 37 and 42 °C with reduced handling and simple equipment requirements. The test threshold amplification of the target was achieved in 5-30 min of incubation. In conclusion, RPA-LFA represents a potential rapid and effective alternative to conventional methods for the monitoring of E. coli O157:H7 in food and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Vivek B Ravindran
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | | | | | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC, 3083, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC, 3083, Australia
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19
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Badhan S, Ball AS, Mantri N. First Report of CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated DNA-Free Editing of 4CL and RVE7 Genes in Chickpea Protoplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E396. [PMID: 33401455 PMCID: PMC7795094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current genome editing system Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has already confirmed its proficiency, adaptability, and simplicity in several plant-based applications. Together with the availability of a vast amount of genome data and transcriptome data, CRISPR/Cas9 presents a massive opportunity for plant breeders and researchers. The successful delivery of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), which are composed of Cas9 enzyme and a synthetically designed single guide RNA (sgRNA) and are used in combination with various transformation methods or lately available novel nanoparticle-based delivery approaches, allows targeted mutagenesis in plants species. Even though this editing technique is limitless, it has still not been employed in many plant species to date. Chickpea is the second most crucial winter grain crop cultivated worldwide; there are currently no reports on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in chickpea. Here, we selected the 4-coumarate ligase (4CL) and Reveille 7 (RVE7) genes, both associated with drought tolerance for CRISPR/Cas9 editing in chickpea protoplast. The 4CL represents a key enzyme involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. It regulates the accumulation of lignin under stress conditions in several plants. The RVE7 is a MYB transcription factor which is part of regulating circadian rhythm in plants. The knockout of these selected genes in the chickpea protoplast using DNA-free CRISPR/Cas9 editing represents a novel approach for achieving targeted mutagenesis in chickpea. Results showed high-efficiency editing was achieved for RVE7 gene in vivo compared to the 4CL gene. This study will help unravel the role of these genes under drought stress and understand the complex drought stress mechanism pathways. This is the first study in chickpea protoplast utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 DNA free gene editing of drought tolerance associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.B.)
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20
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Khadke S, Mandave P, Kuvalekar A, Pandit V, Karandikar M, Mantri N. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3652. [PMID: 33261004 PMCID: PMC7760711 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Mandave
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Vijaya Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Manjiri Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to Be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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21
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Jha UC, Nayyar H, Jha R, Khurshid M, Zhou M, Mantri N, Siddique KHM. Long non-coding RNAs: emerging players regulating plant abiotic stress response and adaptation. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:466. [PMID: 33046001 PMCID: PMC7549229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immobile nature of plants means that they can be frequently confronted by various biotic and abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. Among the various abiotic stresses, water stress, temperature extremities, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity are the major abiotic stresses challenging overall plant growth. Plants have evolved complex molecular mechanisms to adapt under the given abiotic stresses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-a diverse class of RNAs that contain > 200 nucleotides(nt)-play an essential role in plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses. RESULTS LncRNAs play a significant role as 'biological regulators' for various developmental processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses in animals and plants at the transcription, post-transcription, and epigenetic level, targeting various stress-responsive mRNAs, regulatory gene(s) encoding transcription factors, and numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the expression of different genes. However, the mechanistic role of lncRNAs at the molecular level, and possible target gene(s) contributing to plant abiotic stress response and adaptation, remain largely unknown. Here, we review various types of lncRNAs found in different plant species, with a focus on understanding the complex molecular mechanisms that contribute to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We start by discussing the biogenesis, type and function, phylogenetic relationships, and sequence conservation of lncRNAs. Next, we review the role of lncRNAs controlling various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and nutrient deficiency, with relevant examples from various plant species. Lastly, we briefly discuss the various lncRNA databases and the role of bioinformatics for predicting the structural and functional annotation of novel lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms of stress-responsive lncRNAs is in its infancy. The availability of a comprehensive atlas of lncRNAs across whole genomes in crop plants, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that regulate various abiotic stress responses, will enable us to use lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for tailoring abiotic stress-tolerant plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024, India.
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rintu Jha
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora. Victoria. 3083., Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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22
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Salami SA, Martinelli F, Giovino A, Bachari A, Arad N, Mantri N. It Is Our Turn to Get Cannabis High: Put Cannabinoids in Food and Health Baskets. Molecules 2020; 25:E4036. [PMID: 32899626 PMCID: PMC7571138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is an annual plant with a long history of use as food, feed, fiber, oil, medicine, and narcotics. Despite realizing its true value, it has not yet found its true place. Cannabis has had a long history with many ups and downs, and now it is our turn to promote it. Cannabis contains approximately 600 identified and many yet unidentified potentially useful compounds. Cannabinoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and alkaloids are some of the secondary metabolites present in cannabis. However, among a plethora of unique chemical compounds found in this plant, the most important ones are phytocannabinoids (PCs). Over hundreds of 21-22-carbon compounds exclusively produce in cannabis glandular hairs through either polyketide and or deoxyxylulose phosphate/methylerythritol phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathways. Trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are those that first come to mind while talking about cannabis. Nevertheless, despite the low concentration, cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabinodiol (CBND), and cannabinidiol (CBDL) may have potentially some medical effects. PCs and endocannabinoids (ECs) mediate their effects mainly through CB1 and CB2 receptors. Despite all concerns regarding cannabis, nobody can ignore the use of cannabinoids as promising tonic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, anticancer agents, which are effective for pain relief, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, and appetite stimulation. The scientific community and public society have now increasingly accepted cannabis specifically hemp as much more than a recreational drug. There are growing demands for cannabinoids, mainly CBD, with many diverse therapeutic and nutritional properties in veterinary or human medicine. The main objective of this review article is to historically summarize findings concerning cannabinoids, mainly THC and CBD, towards putting these valuable compounds into food, feed and health baskets and current and future trends in the consumption of products derived from cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Salami
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587, Iran
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giovino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 90011 Bagheria (PA), Italy;
| | - Ava Bachari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Neda Arad
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (N.M.)
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Bachari A, Piva TJ, Salami SA, Jamshidi N, Mantri N. Roles of Cannabinoids in Melanoma: Evidence from In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6040. [PMID: 32839414 PMCID: PMC7503316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the fourth most common type of cancer diagnosed in Australians after breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. While there has been substantial progress in the treatment of cancer in general, malignant melanoma, in particular, is resistant to existing medical therapies requiring an urgent need to develop effective treatments with lesser side effects. Several studies have shown that "cannabinoids", the major compounds of the Cannabis sativaL. plant, can reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in melanoma cells. Despite prohibited use of Cannabis in most parts of the world, in recent years there have been renewed interests in exploiting the beneficial health effects of the Cannabis plant-derived compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was in the first instance to review the evidence from in vivo studies on the effects of cannabinoids on melanoma. Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest Central databases for relevant articles published from inception. From a total of 622 potential studies, six in vivo studies assessing the use of cannabinoids for treatment of melanoma were deemed eligible for the final analysis. The findings revealed cannabinoids, individually or combined, reduced tumor growth and promoted apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells. Further preclinical and animal studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms of cannabinoids-mediated inhibition of cancer-signaling pathways. Well-structured, randomized clinical studies on cannabinoid use in melanoma patients would also be required prior to cannabinoids becoming a viable and recognized therapeutic option for melanoma treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (T.J.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587, Iran;
| | - Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (T.J.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
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Bhaskarla V, Zinta G, Ford R, Jain M, Varshney RK, Mantri N. Comparative Root Transcriptomics Provide Insights into Drought Adaptation Strategies in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1781. [PMID: 32150870 PMCID: PMC7084756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought adversely affects crop production across the globe. The root system immensely contributes to water management and the adaptability of plants to drought stress. In this study, drought-induced phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of two contrasting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were compared at the vegetative, reproductive transition, and reproductive stages. At the vegetative stage, drought-tolerant genotype maintained higher root biomass, length, and surface area under drought stress as compared to sensitive genotype. However, at the reproductive stage, root length and surface area of tolerant genotype was lower but displayed higher root diameter than sensitive genotype. The shoot biomass of tolerant genotype was overall higher than the sensitive genotype under drought stress. RNA-seq analysis identified genotype- and developmental-stage specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to drought stress. At the vegetative stage, a total of 2161 and 1873 DEGs, and at reproductive stage 4109 and 3772 DEGs, were identified in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of biological categories related to cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus, response to abiotic stress, and response to hormones. Interestingly, the expression of stress-responsive transcription factors, kinases, ROS signaling and scavenging, transporters, root nodulation, and oxylipin biosynthesis genes were robustly upregulated in the tolerant genotype, possibly contributing to drought adaptation. Furthermore, activation/repression of hormone signaling and biosynthesis genes was observed. Overall, this study sheds new insights on drought tolerance mechanisms operating in roots with broader implications for chickpea improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhaskarla
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Natural Sciences, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
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Jiang W, Wu Z, Wang T, Mantri N, Huang H, Li H, Tao Z, Guo Q. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of cadmium stress response in Dendrobium officinale seedling. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 148:152-165. [PMID: 31962204 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is an economically important Chinese herb with ornamental and medicinal values. However, the mechanisms by which D. officinale adapts to cadmium (Cd) stress is unknown. Here, physiological changes in D. officinale roots and leaves exposed to increasing levels of Cd stress (CdSO4 concentration of 2, 5, 9, 14 mg L-1) were analyzed at 7, 15, 30, and 45 days after treatment. The Cd stress of 14 mg L-1 significantly increased the levels of antioxidants and induced malondialdehyde and proline accumulation (P < 0.05). Cd subcellular distribution showed that Cd sequestration into soluble fraction is the major detoxification mechanism in D. officinale roots. Subsequently, the transcriptome profile of D. officinale roots treated with 14 mg L-1 Cd for 15 and 30 days was analyzed. Compared to control, 2,469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 1,486 up-regulated genes and 983 down-regulated genes. The DEGs associated with metabolic pathways for Cd uptake, transportation and detoxification were analyzed. Several processes such as metal transporter, sulfate glutathione metabolism, cell wall metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified to be important for Cd stress adaptation. More genes were expressed at 15 days after treatment compared to 30 days. WRKY, Trihelix, NF-YC, MYB, bZIP and bHLH transcription factors were over-expressed at both time points. Furthermore, candidate genes from the glutathione metabolism pathway were identified, and qRT-PCR analysis of ten DEGs indicated a high coorelation with RNA-seq expression profiles. Our findings provide significant information for further research of Cd stress responsive genes functions in D. officinale, especially the genes from the glutathione metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haowen Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Tao
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Luo M, Ríos G, Sarnowski TJ, Zhang S, Mantri N, Charron JB, Libault M. Editorial: New Insights Into Mechanisms of Epigenetic Modifiers in Plant Growth and Development. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1661. [PMID: 31998346 PMCID: PMC6967392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Department of Citriculture and Plant Production, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tomasz Jacek Sarnowski
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shoudong Zhang
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, The Pangenomics Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Anand S, Deighton M, Livanos G, Pang ECK, Mantri N. Agastache honey has superior antifungal activity in comparison with important commercial honeys. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18197. [PMID: 31796803 PMCID: PMC6890684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new effective antifungal agents suitable for the treatment of superficial skin infections, since acquired resistance of fungi to currently available agents is increasing. The antifungal activity of mono-floral Agastache honey and commercially available honeys were tested against dermatophytes (T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231 and a clinical isolate) by agar well diffusion and micro-dilution (AWD and MD). In AWD and MD assays, Agastache honey was effective at 40% concentration against dermatophytes (zone diameter, 19.5–20 mm) and C. albicans with the same MIC and MFC values indicating fungicidal activity. Tea tree honey was effective at 80% concentration (zone diameter, 14 mm) against dermatophytes and at 40% concentration against T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans. Manuka was effective at 80% concentration only against T. mentagrophytes (zone diameter, 12 mm) and at 40% against T. rubrum and C. albicans with fungistatic activity. Similar to the AWD results, Jelly bush, Super Manuka, and Jarrah showed no activity against dermatophytes but showed some activity against C. albicans. Headspace volatiles of six honeys were isolated by SPME and identified by GC-MS. The characteristic chemical markers for each honey were as follows: Agastache- Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and Estragole; Manuka and Tea-tree- Acetanisole and Methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate; Jelly bush- Linalool and Nonanal; Super Manuka- Methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate and Nonanal; Jarrah- Isophorone and Nonanoic acid. Overall, analysis of the bioactive compound content and antifungal activity of Agastache honey indicated possible use as an antifungal agent for management of superficial fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Anand
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Margaret Deighton
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Livanos
- Kenkay Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., Smeaton Grange, 2567, NSW, Australia
| | - Edwin Chi Kyong Pang
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Victoria, Australia.
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Rani A, Donovan N, Mantri N. Review: The future of plant pathogen diagnostics in a nursery production system. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 145:111631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khadke SP, Kuvalekar AA, Harsulkar AM, Mantri N. High Energy Intake Induced Overexpression of Transcription Factors and Its Regulatory Genes Involved in Acceleration of Hepatic Lipogenesis: A Rat Model for Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E76. [PMID: 31569751 PMCID: PMC6966540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin action and its secretion. The objectives of the present study were to establish an economical and efficient animal model, mimicking pathophysiology of human T2DM to understand probable molecular mechanisms in context with lipid metabolism. In the present study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Animals were fed with high fat diet (HFD) except healthy control (HC) for 12 weeks. After eight weeks, intra peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. After confirmation of glucose intolerance, diabetic control (DC) group was injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). HFD fed rats showed increase (p ≤ 0.001) in glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR as compared to HC. Diabetes rats showed abnormal (p ≤ 0.001) lipid profile as compared to HC. The hepatocyte expression of transcription factors SREBP-1c and NFκβ, and their target genes were found to be upregulated, while PPAR-γ, CPT1A and FABP expressions were downregulated as compared to the HC. A number of animal models have been raised for studying T2DM, but the study has been restricted to only the biochemical level. The model is validated at biochemical, molecular and histopathological levels, which can be used for screening new therapeutics for the effective management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh P Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Aniket A Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Abhay M Harsulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Abureema S, Deighton M, Mantri N. A novel subtraction diversity array distinguishes between clinical and non-clinical Streptococcus uberis and identifies potential virulence determinants. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108385. [PMID: 31585645 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is an important bovine mastitis pathogen, but not all isolates have equal capacity to cause disease. The aims of this study were to identify possible virulence-associated genes that could be used to identify isolates with enhanced virulence. DNA from a pool of putative commensals was subtracted from a clinical pool resulting in a set of DNA sequences (probes) that were enriched in the clinical mastitis group. The probes were hybridised with DNA from a collection 29 isolates from cases of clinical mastitis and isolates not associated with disease. Hybridization revealed five major clusters. The first cluster (7 isolates) consisted almost entirely of commensals, while the second (7 isolates) was mixed. The remaining three clusters contained 15 S. uberis isolates from cows with clinical mastitis. Twenty-six probes were selected for sequencing based on principal component analysis (PCA) or their presence mainly in clinical isolates. PCA identified five probes with clear differences in intensity between signals from clinical isolates and commensals; these probes could represent novel virulence determinants. Manual inspection of arrays identified genes prominent among clinical isolates that specify carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (possible role in the growth or survival of S. uberis in milk) and genes specifying hypothetical proteins, possibly novel virulence factors. The common occurrence, among clinical isolates, of probes having homology with transposases and insertion sequences suggests recent acquisition of factors that could be associated with virulence. These results suggest the existence of a subset of S. uberis with enhanced virulence, due possession of virulence-associated gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abureema
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Deighton
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia.
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Nguyen HTL, Katopo L, Pang E, Mantri N, Kasapis S. Structural variation in gelatin networks from low to high-solid systems effected by honey addition. Food Res Int 2019; 121:319-325. [PMID: 31108754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a biologically active material functioning antibacterial, anti-inflammation and immune responses that enhance wellbeing. This research aims to record and rationalise the structural properties of honey as part of a convenient delivery system in the presence of gelatin that provides the structuring matrix. In doing so, we employ dynamic oscillation in-shear, micro and modulated DSC, WAXD, FTIR and ESEM. A wide range of solids was employed from 10% (w/w) gelatin to mixtures with up to 75% (w/w) honey. Increasing addition of co-solute created thermally stable gelatin networks, which at high levels of total solids undergo a glass transition. This allows deconvolution of the total heat flow into the reversing and non-reversing thermograms. In addition, mechanical spectra can be treated by the combined free volume/reaction rate theory to predict the molecular dynamics of the gelatin-honey system. Molecular interactions between the two components and the relative contribution of honey to the crystalline or amorphous part of the binary preparation are elucidated guiding future applications for orally and topically treated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Lan Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Lita Katopo
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Eddie Pang
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
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Abstract
The health benefits of long-term dietary plant ingestion are well-established. However, literature on acute nutritional challenges is very limited. This study aimed to identify available evidence on transcriptomics responses to acute ingestion of plants or plant extracts and identify signature gene profiles that may serve as biomarkers of health status. We systematically searched electronic databases and extracted information based-on inclusion criteria such as human clinical studies, single plant-based nutrients and outcomes reported on acute transcriptome responses. A total of 11 studies reported on acute intake of plant dietary interventions. Four studies investigating natural oil extracts with three reporting on whole plants and two studies on natural plant-derived extracts. Gene expression was found to be associated with immune response (7 studies), inflammation (9 studies), metabolism (8 studies), cellular processes and cancer. The finding of this systematic review suggests that acute ingestion may significantly impact diverse physiological and pathological pathways including inflammatory, immune, cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Transcriptomics approach is proven to be an effective strategy in discovery of these anticipated mechanisms. Further studies are now required to validate and continue exploring the short-term health impact of dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals on gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc M Cohen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Anand S, Deighton M, Livanos G, Morrison PD, Pang ECK, Mantri N. Antimicrobial Activity of Agastache Honey and Characterization of Its Bioactive Compounds in Comparison With Important Commercial Honeys. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30858831 PMCID: PMC6397887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new effective antimicrobial agents since acquired resistance of bacteria to currently available agents is increasing. The antimicrobial activity of Mono-floral Agastache honey produced from Australian grown Agastache rugosa was compared with the activity of commercially available honeys derived from Leptospermum species and with Jarrah honey for activity against clinical and non-clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Agastache honey was in the range of 6-25% (w/v) for all species examined. The MICs for Leptospermum honeys were generally similar to those of Agastache honey, but MICs were higher for Super manuka and Jarrah honeys and lower for Tea tree honey. Staphylococci were more susceptible to all honeys than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Pretreatment of honey with catalase increased the bacterial growth at MIC of Tea tree honey (35%), Super Manuka (15%), Jarrah honeys (12%), and Agastache honey (10%), indicating variable contributions of hydrogen peroxide to antimicrobial activity. Manuka and Jelly bush honeys retained their antimicrobial activity in the presence of catalase, indicating the presence of other antimicrobial compounds in the honey. An LC-MS/MS method was developed and used to identify possible antimicrobial phenolic compounds in Agastache honey and flowers, and five commercial honeys. The chemical markers characteristic of Agastache honey and honeys of Leptospermum origin were phenyllactic acid and methyl syringate. Overall, the bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in Agastache honey suggested a possible use for topical application and in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Anand
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Deighton
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George Livanos
- Kenkay Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., Smeaton Grange, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul D. Morrison
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin C. K. Pang
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Nguyen HTL, Panyoyai N, Kasapis S, Pang E, Mantri N. Honey and Its Role in Relieving Multiple Facets of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010167. [PMID: 30646548 PMCID: PMC6356546 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey, a natural sweetener has been used universally as a complete food and in complementary medicine since early antiquity. Honey contains over 180 substances, including sugars mainly fructose and glucose, water and a plethora of minor constituents such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The chemical composition of honey varies depending on floral origin, environment and geographical conditions. The sugar components dominate honey composition and they are accountable for sensory and physicochemical properties in food industry. Although present in small quantities, non-sugar components are the major contributors to the health benefits of honey. Our review summarizes and discusses composition of honey, its protective effects and possible action modes on risk factors of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Lan Nguyen
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
- Department of ScienceVietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Naksit Panyoyai
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Edwin Pang
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
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Badhan S, Kole P, Ball A, Mantri N. RNA sequencing of leaf tissues from two contrasting chickpea genotypes reveals mechanisms for drought tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:295-304. [PMID: 29913357 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important winter crop which is consumed globally due to its high nutritional value. Chickpea as one of the leguminous crop is important in crop rotation with cereal crops like wheat and barley. The main constraints for chickpea production are abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat. Among these, drought is a major cause of the decline in chickpea production in worldwide. Studies conducted so far have provided a limited insight into different genetic pathways associated with drought tolerance/response. In this study, the leaf tissue from shoots apical meristem stage of drought tolerant (ICC8261) and drought sensitive (ICC283) genotypes were analysed using RNA sequencing to identify genes/pathways associated with drought tolerance/sensitivity in both genotypes. It was observed that genes related to ethylene response, MYB-related protein, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, alkane hydroxylase MAH-like, BON-1 associated, peroxidase 3, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain, vignain and mitochondrial uncoupling were specifically up-regulated in the tolerant genotype whereas, same genes were down-regulated in sensitive genotype. The crosstalk between the different hormones and transcriptional factors involved in drought tolerance and sensitivity in both genotypes make them great candidates for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Badhan
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Pravas Kole
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Andrew Ball
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mantri
- School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Kudapa H, Jain M, Edwards D, Varshney R, Mantri N. Differential Regulation of Genes Involved in Root Morphogenesis and Cell Wall Modification is Associated with Salinity Tolerance in Chickpea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4855. [PMID: 29555923 PMCID: PMC5859185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major constraint for intrinsically salt sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea exhibits large genetic variation amongst cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be improved further for sustainable crop production. Based on previous multi-location physiological screening, JG 11 (salt tolerant) and ICCV 2 (salt sensitive) were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their physiological and transcriptional responses. A total of ~480 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced from root tissues which resulted in identification of 3,053 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Reproductive stage shows high number of DEGs suggesting major transcriptional reorganization in response to salt to enable tolerance. Importantly, cationic peroxidase, Aspartic ase, NRT1/PTR, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase, DREB1E and ERF genes were significantly up-regulated in tolerant genotype. In addition, we identified a suite of important genes involved in cell wall modification and root morphogenesis such as dirigent proteins, expansin and casparian strip membrane proteins that could potentially confer salt tolerance. Further, phytohormonal cross-talk between ERF and PIN-FORMED genes which modulate the root growth was observed. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes suggests they may be utilised as potential candidates for improving chickpea salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- School of Science, The Pangenomics Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Natural Sciences, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dave Edwards
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, The Pangenomics Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Khorramdelazad M, Bar I, Whatmore P, Smetham G, Bhaaskaria V, Yang Y, Bai SH, Mantri N, Zhou Y, Ford R. Transcriptome profiling of lentil (Lens culinaris) through the first 24 hours of Ascochyta lentis infection reveals key defence response genes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:108. [PMID: 29385986 PMCID: PMC5793396 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Ascochyta lentis, is one of the most destructive lentil diseases worldwide, resulting in over $16 million AUD annual loss in Australia alone. The use of resistant cultivars is currently considered the most effective and environmentally sustainable strategy to control this disease. However, little is known about the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying lentil resistance against A. lentis. Results To uncover the genetic basis of lentil resistance to A. lentis, differentially expressed genes were profiled in lentil plants during the early stages of A. lentis infection. The resistant ‘ILL7537’ and susceptible ‘ILL6002’ lentil genotypes were examined at 2, 6, and 24 h post inoculation utilising high throughput RNA-Sequencing. Genotype and time-dependent differential expression analysis identified genes which play key roles in several functions of the defence response: fungal elicitors recognition and early signalling; structural response; biochemical response; transcription regulators; hypersensitive reaction and cell death; and systemic acquired resistance. Overall, the resistant genotype displayed an earlier and faster detection and signalling response to the A. lentis infection and demonstrated higher expression levels of structural defence-related genes. Conclusions This study presents a first-time defence-related transcriptome of lentil to A. lentis, including a comprehensive characterisation of the molecular mechanism through which defence against A. lentis is induced in the resistant lentil genotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4488-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Khorramdelazad
- Glycomics institute, School of Sciences, Griffith University, 58 Parklands Dr., Southport, Gold Coast, 4215, QLD, Australia
| | - Ido Bar
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd., Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul Whatmore
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd., Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Smetham
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Safety, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Strandgaten 229, Bergen, 5002, Norway
| | - Vijay Bhaaskaria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 142 University St., Parkville, 3053, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Pangenomics Group, School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Glycomics institute, School of Sciences, Griffith University, 58 Parklands Dr., Southport, Gold Coast, 4215, QLD, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd., Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- Pangenomics Group, School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Glycomics institute, School of Sciences, Griffith University, 58 Parklands Dr., Southport, Gold Coast, 4215, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
The current global population of 7.3 billion is estimated to reach 9.7 billion in the year 2050. Rapid population growth is driving up global food demand. Additionally, global climate change, environmental degradation, drought, emerging diseases, and salty soils are the current threats to global food security. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of these diverse agricultural productivity constraints and enhance crop yield and stress-tolerance in plants, we need to go beyond traditional and molecular plant breeding. The powerful new tools for genome editing, Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems (CRISPR-Cas9), have been hailed as a quantum leap forward in the development of stress-resistant plants. Plant breeding techniques, however, have several drawbacks. Hence, identification of transcriptional regulatory elements and deciphering mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation are crucial to avoiding unintended consequences in modified crop plants, which could ultimately have negative impacts on human health. RNA splicing as an essential regulated post-transcriptional process, alternative polyadenylation as an RNA-processing mechanism, along with non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, small interfering RNAs and long non-coding RNAs) have been identified as major players in gene regulation. In this chapter, we highlight new findings on the essential roles of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also discuss biogenesis and the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants and recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of miRNAs and siRNAs in plant stress response. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Nejat
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abirami Ramalingam
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Gor MC, Candappa C, de Silva T, Mantri N, Pang E. Identification and validation of FaP1D7, a putative marker associated with the biosynthesis of methyl butanoate in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Sci Rep 2017; 7:17454. [PMID: 29234071 PMCID: PMC5727213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) with enhanced fruit flavour is one of the top breeding goals of many strawberry-producing countries. Although several genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of key aroma compounds have been identified, the development and application of molecular markers associated with fruit flavour remain limited. This study aims to identify molecular markers closely linked to genes controlling strawberry aroma. A purpose-built Subtracted Diversity Array (SDA) known as Fragaria Discovery Panel (FDP) was used for marker screening. Polymorphic sequences associated with key aroma compounds were identified from two DNA bulks with extreme phenotypes, established using 50 F1 progeny plants derived from Juliette X 07-102-41 cross, two strawberry genotypes differing in aroma profile. A total of 49 polymorphic markers for eight key aroma compounds were detected using genotypic data of the extreme DNA bulks and phenotypic data obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A similarity search against the physical maps of Fragaria vesca revealed that FaP1D7 is linked to genes potentially involved in the synthesis of methyl butanoate. A C/T SNP was detected within the feature, which could possibly be converted to a molecular tool for rapid screening of the strawberry accessions for their methyl butanoate production capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chee Gor
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Chrishani Candappa
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thishakya de Silva
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Edwin Pang
- School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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42
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Bohra A, Kuvalekar A, Mantri N. Improving Salt Tolerance of Chickpea Using Modern Genomics Tools and Molecular Breeding. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:557-567. [PMID: 29204084 PMCID: PMC5684649 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170705155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high protein value, essential minerals, dietary fibre and notable ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen make chickpea a highly remunerative crop, particularly in low-input food production systems. Of the variety of constraints challenging chickpea productivity worldwide, salinity remains of prime concern owing to the intrinsic sensitivity of the crop. In view of the projected expansion of chickpea into arable and salt-stressed land by 2050, increasing attention is being placed on improving the salt tolerance of this crop. Considerable effort is currently underway to address salinity stress and substantial breeding progress is being made despite the seemingly highly-complex and environment-dependent nature of the tolerance trait. CONCLUSION This review aims to provide a holistic view of recent advances in breeding chickpea for salt tolerance. Initially, we focus on the identification of novel genetic resources for salt tolerance via extensive germplasm screening. We then expand on the use of genome-wide and cost-effective techniques to gain new insights into the genetic control of salt tolerance, including the responsive genes/QTL(s), gene(s) networks/cross talk and intricate signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411043, India
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Nguyen HTL, Panyoyai N, Paramita VD, Mantri N, Kasapis S. Physicochemical and viscoelastic properties of honey from medicinal plants. Food Chem 2017; 241:143-149. [PMID: 28958512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the physicochemical and structural properties of Tulsi, Alfalfa and two varieties of Manuka honey derived from medicinal plants. Chemical analysis yielded data on the content of reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) that dominate the honey matrix, and of the minor constituents of protein, phenols and flavonoids. Standard chemical assays were used to develop a database of water content, electrical conductivity, pH, ash content, visual appearance and colour intensity. Physicochemical characteristics were related to structural behaviour of the four honey types, as recorded by small-deformation dynamic oscillation in shear, micro- and modulated differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The preponderance of hydrogen bonds in intermolecular associations amongst monosaccharides in honey yields a semi-amorphous or semi-crystalline system. That allowed prediction of the calorimetric and mechanical glass transition temperatures that demarcate the passage from liquid-like to solid-like consistency at subzero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Lan Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naksit Panyoyai
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vilia Darma Paramita
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kamato D, Bhaskarala VV, Mantri N, Oh TG, Ling D, Janke R, Zheng W, Little PJ, Osman N. RNA sequencing to determine the contribution of kinase receptor transactivation to G protein coupled receptor signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180842. [PMID: 28719611 PMCID: PMC5515425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling covers three major mechanisms. GPCR agonist engagement allows for the G proteins to bind to the receptor leading to a classical downstream signalling cascade. The second mechanism is via the utilization of the β-arrestin signalling molecule and thirdly via transactivation dependent signalling. GPCRs can transactivate protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKR) to activate respective downstream signalling intermediates. In the past decade GPCR transactivation dependent signalling was expanded to show transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors (S/TKR). Kinase receptor transactivation enormously broadens the GPCR signalling paradigm. This work utilizes next generation RNA-sequencing to study the contribution of transactivation dependent signalling to total protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 signalling. Transactivation, assessed as gene expression, accounted for 50 percent of the total genes regulated by thrombin acting through PAR-1 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. GPCR transactivation of PTKRs is approximately equally important as the transactivation of the S/TKR with 209 and 177 genes regulated respectively, via either signalling pathway. This work shows that genome wide studies can provide powerful insights into GPCR mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Venkata Vijayanand Bhaskarala
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Dora Ling
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Reearna Janke
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Narin Osman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Diabetes Complications Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Spectacular progress in high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and expression profiling using next-generation sequencing technologies have recently revolutionized molecular biology and allowed massive advances in identifying the genomic regions and molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of growth, development, and stress response. Through recent research, non-coding RNAs, in particular long non-coding RNAs, have emerged as key regulators of transcription in eukaryotes. Long non-coding RNAs are vastly heterogeneous groups of RNAs that execute a broad range of essential roles in various biological processes at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. They modulate transcription through diverse mechanisms. Recently, numerous lncRNAs have been identified to be associated with defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These have been suggested to perform indispensable roles in plant immunity and adaptation to environmental conditions. However, only a few lncRNAs have been functionally characterized in plants. In this paper, we summarize the present knowledge of lncRNAs, review the recent advances in understanding regulatory functions of lncRNAs, and highlight the emerging roles of lncRNAs in regulating immune responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Nejat
- a School of Science, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- a School of Science, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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Nejat N, Mantri N. Plant Immune System: Crosstalk Between Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses the Missing Link in Understanding Plant Defence. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2017; 23:1-16. [PMID: 28154243 DOI: 10.21775/cimb.023.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution, global warming and climate change exacerbate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on plant growth and yield. Plants have evolved sophisticated defence network, also called innate immune system, in response to ever- changing environmental conditions. Significant progress has been made in identifying the key stress-inducible genes associated with defence response to single stressors. However, relatively little information is available on the signaling crosstalk in response to combined biotic/abiotic stresses. Recent evidence highlights the complex nature of interactions between biotic and abiotic stress responses, significant aberrant signaling crosstalk in response to combined stresses and a degree of overlap, but unique response to each environmental stimulus. Further, the results of simultaneous combined biotic and abiotic stress studies indicate that abiotic stresses particularly heat and drought enhance plant susceptibility to plant pathogens. It is noteworthy that global climate change is predicted to have a negative impact on biotic stress resistance in plants. Therefore, it is vital to conduct plant transcriptome analysis in response to combined stresses to identify general or multiple stress- and pathogen-specific genes that confer multiple stress tolerance in plants under climate change. Here, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Pinpointing both, common and specific components of the signaling crosstalk in plants, allows identification of new targets and development of novel methods to combat biotic and abiotic stresses under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Nejat
- School of Science, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hussain JN, Mantri N, Cohen MM. Working Up a Good Sweat - The Challenges of Standardising Sweat Collection for Metabolomics Analysis. Clin Biochem Rev 2017; 38:13-34. [PMID: 28798503 PMCID: PMC5548369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human sweat is a complex biofluid of interest to diverse scientific fields. Metabolomics analysis of sweat promises to improve screening, diagnosis and self-monitoring of numerous conditions through new applications and greater personalisation of medical interventions. Before these applications can be fully developed, existing methods for the collection, handling, processing and storage of human sweat need to be revised. This review presents a cross-disciplinary overview of the origins, composition, physical characteristics and functional roles of human sweat, and explores the factors involved in standardising sweat collection for metabolomics analysis. METHODS A literature review of human sweat analysis over the past 10 years (2006-2016) was performed to identify studies with metabolomics or similarly applicable 'omics' analysis. These studies were reviewed with attention to sweat induction and sampling techniques, timing of sweat collection, sweat storage conditions, laboratory derivation, processing and analytical platforms. RESULTS Comparative analysis of 20 studies revealed numerous factors that can significantly impact the validity, reliability and reproducibility of sweat analysis including: anatomical site of sweat sampling, skin integrity and preparation; temperature and humidity at the sweat collection sites; timing and nature of sweat collection; metabolic quenching; transport and storage; qualitative and quantitative measurements of the skin microbiota at sweat collection sites; and individual variables such as diet, emotional state, metabolic conditions, pharmaceutical, recreational drug and supplement use. CONCLUSION Further development of standard operating protocols for human sweat collection can open the way for sweat metabolomics to significantly add to our understanding of human physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Hussain
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic. 3083
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia
| | - Marc M Cohen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic. 3083
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48
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Mandave P, Khadke S, Karandikar M, Pandit V, Ranjekar P, Kuvalekar A, Mantri N. Antidiabetic, Lipid Normalizing, and Nephroprotective Actions of the Strawberry: A Potent Supplementary Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E124. [PMID: 28085064 PMCID: PMC5297758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to assess the effect of different strawberry extracts on glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress in nicotinamide-streptozotocin (NIC-STZ) induced diabetic rats. The associated changes were evaluated through biochemical, molecular, and histological assays. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ to albino Wistar rats after treatment with nicotinamide. Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and alcoholic strawberry extracts were administrated orally to diabetic rats. Treatment of strawberry extracts improved lipid profile, liver function, and serum creatinine and led to a significant increase in antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Real-time PCR expression analysis of genes from the liver of animals treated with strawberry extracts exhibited downregulation of several fatty acid synthesis genes, transcription factors, such as Sterol regulatory Element Binding Transcription factor (SREBP) and Nuclear Factor-κβ (NF-κβ), and inflammatory markers, like Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Strawberry extracts also upregulated liver Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Histological examination confirmed the nephroprotective and β-cell regeneration/protection effects of strawberry extracts. The present study demonstrates several beneficial effects of strawberry extracts along with its probable mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mandave
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Suresh Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Manjiri Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Vijaya Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Prabhakar Ranjekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
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Chen M, Wu J, Wang L, Mantri N, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Wang S. Mapping and Genetic Structure Analysis of the Anthracnose Resistance Locus Co-1HY in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169954. [PMID: 28076395 PMCID: PMC5226810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose is a destructive disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The Andean cultivar Hongyundou has been demonstrated to possess strong resistance to anthracnose race 81. To study the genetics of this resistance, the Hongyundou cultivar was crossed with a susceptible genotype Jingdou. Segregation of resistance for race 81 was assessed in the F2 population and F2:3 lines under controlled conditions. Results indicate that Hongyundou carries a single dominant gene for anthracnose resistance. An allele test by crossing Hongyundou with another resistant cultivar revealed that the resistance gene is in the Co-1 locus (therefore named Co-1HY). The physical distance between this locus and the two flanking markers was 46 kb, and this region included four candidate genes, namely, Phvul.001G243500, Phvul.001G243600, Phvul.001G243700 and Phvul.001G243800. These candidate genes encoded serine/threonine-protein kinases. Expression analysis of the four candidate genes in the resistant and susceptible cultivars under control condition and inoculated treatment revealed that all the four candidate genes are expressed at significantly higher levels in the resistant genotype than in susceptible genotype. Phvul.001G243600 and Phvul.001G243700 are expressed nearly 15-fold and 90-fold higher in the resistant genotype than in the susceptible parent before inoculation, respectively. Four candidate genes will provide useful information for further research into the resistance mechanism of anthracnose in common bean. The closely linked flanking markers identified here may be useful for transferring the resistance allele Co-1HY from Hongyundou to elite anthracnose susceptible common bean lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nitin Mantri
- RMIT University, School of Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cohen MM, Elliott F, Oates L, Schembri A, Mantri N. Do Wellness Tourists Get Well? An Observational Study of Multiple Dimensions of Health and Well-Being After a Week-Long Retreat. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:140-148. [PMID: 28068147 PMCID: PMC5312624 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wellness retreats use many complementary and alternative therapies within a holistic residential setting, yet few studies have evaluated the effect of retreat experiences on multiple dimensions of health and well-being, and no published studies have reported health outcomes in wellness tourists. Objectives: To assess the effect of a week-long wellness-retreat experience in wellness tourists. Design: A longitudinal observational study with outcomes assessed upon arrival and departure and 6 weeks after the retreat. Setting: A rural health retreat in Queensland, Australia. Interventions: A holistic, 1-week, residential, retreat experience that included many educational, therapeutic, and leisure activities and an organic, mostly plant-based diet. Outcome measures: Multiple outcome measures were performed upon arrival and departure and 6 weeks after the retreat. These included anthropometric measures, urinary pesticide metabolites, a food and health symptom questionnaire, the Five Factor Wellness Inventory, the General Self Efficacy questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Cogstate cognitive function test battery. Results: Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were seen in almost all measures (n = 37) after 1 week and were sustained at 6 weeks (n = 17). There were statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) in all anthropometric measures after 1 week, with reductions in abdominal girth (2.7 cm), weight (1.6 kg), and average systolic and diastolic pressure (−16.1 mmHg and −9.3 mmHg, respectively). Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were also seen in psychological and health symptom measures. Urinary pesticide metabolites were detected in pooled urine samples before the retreat and were undetectable after the retreat. Conclusion: Retreat experiences can lead to substantial improvements in multiple dimensions of health and well-being that are maintained for 6 weeks. Further research that includes objective biomarkers and economic measures in different populations is required to determine the mechanisms of these effects and assess the value and relevance of retreat experiences to clinicians and health insurers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Cohen
- 1 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Elliott
- 1 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liza Oates
- 1 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Schembri
- 1 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia .,2 Cogstate Limited , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- 3 School of Science, RMIT University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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