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Nagy DU, Thoma AE, Al-Gharaibeh M, Callaway RM, Flory SL, Frazee LJ, Hartmann M, Hensen I, Jandová K, Khasa DP, Lekberg Y, Pal RW, Samartza I, Shah MA, Sheng M, Slate M, Stein C, Tsunoda T, Rosche C. Among-population variation in drought responses is consistent across life stages but not between native and non-native ranges. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38859570 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how widespread species adapt to variation in abiotic conditions across their ranges is fundamental to ecology. Insight may come from studying how among-population variation (APV) in the common garden corresponds with the environmental conditions of source populations. However, there are no such studies comparing native vs non-native populations across multiple life stages. We examined APV in the performance and functional traits of 59 Conyza canadensis populations, in response to drought, across large aridity gradients in the native (North America) and non-native (Eurasia) ranges in three experiments. Our treatment (dry vs wet) was applied at the recruitment, juvenile, and adult life stages. We found contrasting patterns of APV in drought responses between the two ranges. In the native range, plant performance was less reduced by drought in populations from xeric than mesic habitats, but such relationship was not apparent for non-native populations. These range-specific patterns were consistent across the life stages. The weak adaptive responses of non-native populations indicate that they can become highly abundant even without complete local adaptation to abiotic environments and suggest that long-established invaders may still be evolving to the abiotic environment. These findings may explain lag times in invasions and raise concern about future expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid U Nagy
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Arpad E Thoma
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren J Frazee
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | | | - Isabell Hensen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Kateřina Jandová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ-12801, Czech Republic
| | - Damase P Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch Missoula, Florence, MT, 59833, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Robert W Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, MT, 59701, USA
| | - Ioulietta Samartza
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Min Sheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mandy Slate
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Claudia Stein
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36124, USA
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Christoph Rosche
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Walczak-Skierska J, Krakowska-Sieprawska A, Monedeiro F, Złoch M, Pomastowski P, Cichorek M, Olszewski J, Głowacka K, Gużewska G, Szultka-Młyńska M. Silicon's Influence on Polyphenol and Flavonoid Profiles in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) under Cadmium Exposure in Hydroponics: A Study of Metabolomics, Extraction Efficacy, and Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14899-14910. [PMID: 38585133 PMCID: PMC10993280 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon (Si) supplementation in the form of Na2SiO3 on the metabolome of peas under normal conditions and following exposure to cadmium (Cd) stress. Si is known for its ability to enhance stress tolerance in various plant species, including the mitigation of heavy metal toxicity. Cd, a significant contaminant, poses risks to both human health and the environment. The study focused on analyzing the levels of bioactive compounds in different plant parts, including the shoot, root, and pod, to understand the influence of Si supplementation on their biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis of pea samples was conducted using a targeted HPLC/MS approach, enabling the identification of 15 metabolites comprising 9 flavonoids and 6 phenolic acids. Among the detected compounds, flavonoids, such as flavon and quercetin, along with phenolic acids, including chlorogenic acid and salicylic acid, were found in significant quantities. The study compared Si supplementation at concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, as well as Cd stress conditions, to evaluate their effects on the metabolomic profile. Additionally, the study explored the extraction efficiency of three different methods: accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and maceration (MAC). The results revealed that SFE was the most efficient method for extracting polyphenolic compounds from the pea samples. Moreover, the study investigated the stability of polyphenolic compounds under different pH conditions, ranging from 4.0 to 6.0, providing insights into the influence of the pH on the extraction and stability of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Walczak-Skierska
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Aneta Krakowska-Sieprawska
- Department
of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Michał Złoch
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cichorek
- Department
of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Jacek Olszewski
- Experimental
Education Unit, University of Warmia and
Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-721, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department
of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Gaja Gużewska
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, Torun 87-100, Poland
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Zhou H, Wang L, Xu P, Zhang L, Huang R, Yang M, Wang K, Fan H. Deficit irrigation combined with nitrogen application in the early growth stage of sugar beet increases the production capacity of canopy and avoids yield loss. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7600-7611. [PMID: 37421337 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Properly reduced irrigation combined with nitrogen (N) application can be used to improve crop water use efficiency (WUE) in arid regions, but its effect on sugar beet is unknown at present. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of N application (N0, 0; N1, 150; N2, 225 kg N ha-1 ) on the canopy production capacity (CPC), yield and WUE of sugar beet under normal irrigation (W1, 70% of field capacity (FC)) and deficit irrigation (DI) (W2, 50% FC) in the early growth stage (EGS). RESULTS The results showed that the W2 treatment reduced the CPC by reducing gas exchange, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of sugar beet leaves compared to the W1 treatment. However, DI combined with N application increased these parameters. Specifically, N application increased the net photosynthetic rate by 40.7% by increased gas exchange, SPAD and LAI compared to the N0 treatment. In addition, N application increased WUE by 12.5% by increasing thickness of upper surface, stomatal aperture and cross-sectional area of petiole. This ultimately led to a significant increase in taproot yield (TY; 19.7%) and sugar yield (SY; 57.6%). Although the TY of the N2 treatment was higher than that of the N1 treatment, the SY and WUE did not increase significantly and the harvest index decreased significantly by 9.3%. CONCLUSION DI combined with 150 kg N ha-1 in the EGS of sugar beet increases the WUE in arid areas while avoiding yield loss by improving the CPC. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Xu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Wulanwusu Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station, Shihezi, China
| | - Kaiyong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Fan
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Pataczek L, Weselek A, Bauerle A, Högy P, Lewandowski I, Zikeli S, Schweiger A. Agrivoltaics mitigate drought effects in winter wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14081. [PMID: 38148203 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to decrease water availability in many agricultural production areas around the globe. At the same time renewable energy concepts such as agrivoltaics (AV) are necessary to manage the energy transition. Several studies showed that evapotranspiration can be reduced in AV systems, resulting in increased water availability for crops. However, effects on crop performance and productivity remain unclear to date. Carbon-13 isotopic composition (δ13 C and discrimination against carbon-13) can be used as a proxy for the effects of water availability on plant performance, integrating crop responses over the entire growing season. The aim of this study was to assess these effects via carbon isotopic composition in grains, as well as grain yield of winter wheat in an AV system in southwest Germany. Crops were cultivated over four seasons from 2016-2020 in the AV system and on an unshaded adjacent reference (REF) site. Across all seasons, average grain yield did not significantly differ between AV and REF (4.7 vs 5.2 t ha-1 ), with higher interannual yield stability in the AV system. However, δ13 C as well as carbon-13 isotope discrimination differed significantly across the seasons by 1‰ (AV: -29.0‰ vs REF: -28.0‰ and AV: 21.6‰ vs REF: 20.6‰) between the AV system and the REF site. These drought mitigation effects as indicated by the results of this study will become crucial for the resilience of agricultural production in the near future when drought events will become significantly more frequent and severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pataczek
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Weselek
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauerle
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra Högy
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Zikeli
- Center for Organic Farming, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Van Laere J, Merckx R, Hood-Nowotny R, Dercon G. Water deficit and potassium affect carbon isotope composition in cassava bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1222558. [PMID: 37900736 PMCID: PMC10611503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop, which despite its drought tolerance suffers considerable yield losses under water deficit. One strategy to increase crop yields under water deficit is improving the crop's transpiration efficiency, which could be achieved by variety selection and potassium application. We assessed carbon isotope composition in bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates (soluble sugar, starch, and cellulose) of selected leaves one month after inducing water deficit to estimate transpiration efficiency and storage root biomass under varying conditions in a greenhouse experiment. A local and improved variety were grown in sand, supplied with nutrient solution with two potassium levels (1.44 vs. 0.04 mM K+) and were subjected to water deficit five months after planting. Potassium application and selection of the improved variety both increased transpiration efficiency of the roots with 58% and 85% respectively. Only in the improved variety were 13C ratios affected by potassium application (up to - 1.8‰ in δ13C of soluble sugar) and water deficit (up to + 0.6‰ in δ13C of starch and soluble sugar). These data revealed a shift in substrate away from transitory starch for cellulose synthesis in young leaves of the improved variety under potassium deficit. Bulk δ13C of leaves that had fully developed prior to water deficit were the best proxies for storage root biomass (r = - 0.62, r = - 0.70) and transpiration efficiency (r = - 0.68, r = - 0.58) for the local and improved variety respectively, making laborious extractions redundant. Results obtained from the youngest fully developed leaf, commonly used as a diagnostic leaf, were complicated by remobilized assimilates in the improved variety, making them less suitable for carbon isotope analysis. This study highlights the potential of carbon isotope composition to assess transpiration efficiency and yield, depending on the chosen sampling strategy as well as to unravel carbon allocation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Laere
- Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roel Merckx
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Hood-Nowotny
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Dercon
- Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Weerarathne LVY, Jahufer Z, Schäufele R, Lopez I, Matthew C. A comparative analysis of agronomic water-use efficiency and its proxy measures as derived from key morpho-physiological and supportive quantitative genetics attributes of perennial ryegrass under imposed drought. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:291-307. [PMID: 37829998 PMCID: PMC10565840 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-use efficiency (WUE) is an under-researched but very important drought tolerance trait in forage breeding. This research estimated quantitative genetic parameters of morpho-physiological traits linked to agronomic water-use efficiency (WUEA) and its proxy measures based on δ13C (WUEi) or gas exchange (evapotranspiration, WUEAET, or stomatal conductance WUEASC) of genotypes from half-sib families of Lolium perenne L. (PRG) in a simulated summer drought cycle. Principal component analysis (PCA) of trait data distinguished a group of PRG genotypes where high WUEA and dry matter yield was associated with deep rooting, leaf hydration at more negative leaf osmotic and water potential, and reduced soil moisture depletion. Plants with this trait association sustained net assimilation and postdefoliation regrowth in drought. However, WUEi, WUEASC, and WUEAET were poorly correlated with most traits of interest at p < .05. Another PCA revealed a weak association between WUEA and its proxy measures under conditions tested. Quantitative genetic parameters including high estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h n 2 > 0.7 ; p < .05 ) of WUEA and related traits emphasized the genetic potential of the key trait combination for selecting PRG for improved drought tolerance. Research findings highlight the relative importance of WUEA and its proxy measures in the broad definition of PRG drought tolerance for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Y. Weerarathne
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Z. Jahufer
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - R. Schäufele
- Crop Physiology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - I. Lopez
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - C. Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Phytoremediation potential of Solanum viarum Dunal and functional aspects of their capitate glandular trichomes in lead, cadmium, and zinc detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41878-41899. [PMID: 36640234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present scenario, remediation of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil has become an important work to be done for the well-being of human and their environment. Phytoremediation can be regarded as an excellent method in environmental technologies. The present contemporary research explores the Solanum viarum Dunal function as a potential accumulator of hazardous HMs viz. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and their combination (CHM). On toxic concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and their synergistic exposure, seeds had better germination percentage and their 90d old aerial tissues accumulated Pb, Cd, and Zn concentrations ranging from 44.53, 84.06, and 147.29 mg kg-1 DW, respectively. Pattern of accumulation in roots was as Zn 70.08 > Pb 48.55 > Cd 42.21 mg kg-1DW. Under HMs treatment, positive modulation in physiological performances, antioxidant activities suggested an enhanced tolerance along with higher membrane stability due to increased levels of lignin, proline, and sugar. Phenotypic variations were recorded in prickles and roots of 120 d old HM stressed plants, which are directly correlated with better acclimation. Interestingly, trichomes of the plant also showed HM accumulation. Later, SEM-EDX microanalysis suggested involvement of S. viarum capitate glandular trichomes as excretory organs for Cd and Zn. Thus, the present study provides an understanding of the mechanism that makes S. viarum to function as potent accumulator and provides information to generate plants to be used for phytoremediation.
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Wang Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Agathokleous E, Hamoud YA, Qiu R, Hong C, Tian M, Shaghaleh H, Guo X. Relationships between stable isotope natural abundances (δ 13C and δ 15N) and water use efficiency in rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation in soils with high clay contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1077152. [PMID: 36531393 PMCID: PMC9756853 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1077152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural abundance of the stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) in plants is widely used to indicate water use efficiency (WUE). However, soil water and texture properties may affect this relationship, which remains largely elusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate δ13C as affected by different combinations of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) with varied soil clay contents in different organs and whole plant and assess the feasibility of using δ13C and δ15N as a physiological indicator of whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEwhole-plant). Three AWD regimes, I100 (30 mm flooded when soil reached 100% saturation), I90 (30 mm flooded when reached 90% saturation) and I70 (30 mm flooded when reached 70% saturation) and three soil clay contents, 40% (S40), 50% (S50), and 60% (S60), were included. Observed variations in WUEwhole-plant did not conform to theoretical expectations of the organs δ13C (δ13Corgans) of plant biomass based on pooled data from all treatments. However, a positive relationship between δ13Cleaf and WUEET (dry biomass/evapotranspiration) was observed under I90 regime, whereas there were no significant relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET under I100 or I70 regimes. Under I100, weak relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET could be explained by (i) variation in C allocation patterns under different clay content, and (ii) relatively higher rate of panicle water loss, which was independent of stomatal regulation and photosynthesis. Under I70, weak relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET could be ascribed to (i) bigger cracks induced by water-limited irrigation regime and high clay content soil, and (ii) damage caused by severe drought. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between WUEwhole-plant and shoot δ15N (δ15Nshoot) across the three irrigation treatments, indicating that WUEwhole-plant is tightly associated with N metabolism and N isotope discrimination in rice. Therefore, δ13C should be used cautiously as an indicator of rice WUEwhole-plant at different AWD regimes with high clay content, whereas δ15N could be considered an effective indicator of WUEwhole-plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchang Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaosheng Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Rangjian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghao Tian
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, China
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangping Guo
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
There is consistent evidence of vegetation greening in Central Asia over the past four decades. However, in the early 1990s, the greening temporarily stagnated and even for a time reversed. In this study, we evaluate changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on the long-term satellite-derived remote sensing data systems of the Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI from 1981 to 2013 and MODIS NDVI from 2000 to 2020 to determine whether the vegetation in Central Asia has browned. Our findings indicate that the seasonal sequence of NDVI is summer > spring > autumn > winter, and the spatial distribution pattern is a semicircular distribution, with the Aral Sea Basin as its core and an upward tendency from inside to outside. Around the mid-1990s, the region’s vegetation experienced two climatic environments with opposing trends (cold and wet; dry and hot). Prior to 1994, NDVI increased substantially throughout the growth phase (April–October), but this trend reversed after 1994, when vegetation began to brown. Our findings suggest that changes in vegetation NDVI are linked to climate change induced by increased CO2. The state of water deficit caused by temperature changes is a major cause of the browning turning point across the study area. At the same time, changes in vegetation NDVI were consistent with changes in drought degree (PDSI). This research is relevant for monitoring vegetation NDVI and carbon neutralization in Central Asian ecosystems.
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