1
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Dagys L, Korzeczek MC, Parker AJ, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Bengs C, Levitt MH, Knecht S, Schwartz I, Plenio MB. Robust parahydrogen-induced polarization at high concentrations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0373. [PMID: 39047103 PMCID: PMC11268409 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a potent technique for generating target molecules with high nuclear spin polarization. The PHIP process involves a chemical reaction between parahydrogen and a target molecule, followed by the transformation of nuclear singlet spin order into magnetization of a designated target nucleus through magnetic field manipulations. Although the singlet-to-magnetization polarization transfer process works effectively at moderate concentrations, it is observed to become much less efficient at high molar polarization, defined as the product of polarization and concentration. This strong dependence on the molar polarization is attributed to interference due to the field produced by the sample magnetization during polarization transfer, which leads to complex dynamics and can severely affect the scalability of the technique. We address this challenge with a pulse sequence that suppresses the influence of the distant dipolar field, while simultaneously achieving singlet-to-magnetization polarization transfer to the desired target spins, free from restrictions on the molar polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius LT10257, Lithuania
| | - Martin C. Korzeczek
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna J. Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - James Eills
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christian Bengs
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephan Knecht
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Pigliapochi R, Peyear T, Ruan T, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized Nano-NMR Platform for Quantification of Mass Limited Samples. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39034921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis of live cells using NMR enables the study of cancer metabolism and response to treatment. However, conventional NMR platforms require often prohibitively high numbers of cells to achieve significant resolution. In this work, we present a double 1H/13C resonance NMR probe consisting of a solenoid coil with a less than 100 nL sensitive region. In-solution robustness is demonstrated through measurement of decaying hyperpolarized signals. A suspension of live cells and hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate is loaded in the coil, and dynamic changes in pyruvate and lactate concentrations by fractions of femtomoles are detected from just 2000 live cells at a time, in seconds. Through an integrated microfluidic channel, the probe is used as high-throughput platform to perform nondestructive quantitative analysis of metabolic flux of different leukemia cell lines with sensitivity to detect on target treatment response. This approach platform provides an approach to study mass-limited samples and living cells with dramatically enhanced sensitivity in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pigliapochi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thasin Peyear
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, New York 10065, United States
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3
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Barker S, Dagys L, Levitt MH, Utz M. Efficient Parahydrogen-Induced 13C Hyperpolarization on a Microfluidic Device. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18379-18386. [PMID: 38916928 PMCID: PMC11240250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
We show the direct production and detection of 13C-hyperpolarized fumarate by parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) in a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LoC) device and achieve 8.5% 13C polarization. This is the first demonstration of 13C-hyperpolarization of a metabolite by PHIP in a microfluidic device. LoC technology allows the culture of mammalian cells in a highly controlled environment, providing an important tool for the life sciences. In-situ preparation of hyperpolarized metabolites greatly enhances the ability to quantify metabolic processes in such systems by microfluidic NMR. PHIP of 1H nuclei has been successfully implemented in microfluidic systems, with mass sensitivities in the range of pmol/s. However, metabolic NMR requires high-yield production of hyperpolarized metabolites with longer spin life times than is possible with 1H. This can be achieved by transfer of the polarization onto 13C nuclei, which exhibit much longer T1 relaxation times. We report an improved microfluidic PHIP device, optimized using a finite element model, that enables the direct and efficient production of 13C-hyperpolarized fumarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia
J. Barker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Utz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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4
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Qu Y, Lu X, Zhu T, Yu J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Hao Y, Wang Y, Yu Y. Application of an Antibacterial Coating Layer via Amine-Terminated Hyperbranched Zirconium-Polysiloxane for Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets. IET Nanobiotechnol 2024; 2024:4391833. [PMID: 38863970 PMCID: PMC11095072 DOI: 10.1049/2024/4391833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The massive growth of various microorganisms on the orthodontic bracket can form plaques and cause diseases. A novel amine-terminated hyperbranched zirconium-polysiloxane (HPZP) antimicrobial coating was developed for an orthodontic stainless steel tank (SST). After synthesizing HPZP and HPZP-Ag coatings, their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thickness measurement, contact angle detection, mechanical stability testing, and corrosion testing. The cell toxicity of the two coatings to human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (hOKs) was detected by cell counting kit eight assays, and SST, HPZP@SST, and HPZP-Ag@SST were cocultured with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans for 24 hr to detect the antibacterial properties of the coatings, respectively. The results show that the coatings are about 10 μm, and the water contact angle of HPZP coating is significantly higher than that of HPZP-Ag coating (P < 0.01). Both coatings can be uniformly and densely distributed on SST and have good mechanical stability and corrosion resistance. The cell counting test showed that HPZP coating and HPZP-Ag coating were less toxic to cells compared with SST, and the toxicity of HPZP-Ag coating was greater than that of HPZP coating, with the cell survival rate greater than 80% after 72 hr cocultured with hGFs and hOKs. The antibacterial test showed that the number of bacteria on the surface of different materials was ranked from small to large: HPZP@SST < HPZP-Ag@SST < SST and 800 μg/mL HPZP@SST showed a better bactericidal ability than 400 μg/mL after cocultured with S. aureus, E. coli, and S. mutans, respectively (all P < 0.05). The results showed that HPZP coating had a better effect than HPZP-Ag coating, with effective antibacterial and biocompatible properties, which had the potential to be applied in orthodontic process management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Qu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
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5
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Kuhn LT, Weber S, Bargon J, Parella T, Pérez-Trujillo M. Hyperpolarization-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy of Unaltered Biofluids Using Photo-CIDNP. Anal Chem 2024; 96:102-109. [PMID: 38109875 PMCID: PMC10782414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The direct and unambiguous detection and identification of individual metabolite molecules present in complex biological mixtures constitute a major challenge in (bio)analytical research. In this context, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be particularly powerful owing to its ability to provide both qualitative and quantitative atomic-level information on multiple analytes simultaneously in a noninvasive manner. Nevertheless, NMR suffers from a low inherent sensitivity and, moreover, lacks selectivity regarding the number of individual analytes to be studied in a mixture of a myriad of structurally and chemically very different molecules, e.g., metabolites in a biofluid. Here, we describe a method that circumvents these shortcomings via performing selective, photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) enhanced NMR spectroscopy on unmodified complex biological mixtures, i.e., human urine and serum, which yields a single, background-free one-dimensional NMR spectrum. In doing this, we demonstrate that photo-CIDNP experiments on unmodified complex mixtures of biological origin are feasible, can be performed straightforwardly in the native aqueous medium at physiological metabolite concentrations, and act as a spectral filter, facilitating the analysis of NMR spectra of complex biofluids. Due to its noninvasive nature, the method is fully compatible with state-of-the-art metabolomic protocols providing direct spectroscopic information on a small, carefully selected subset of clinically relevant metabolites. We anticipate that this approach, which, in addition, can be combined with existing high-throughput/high-sensitivity NMR methodology, holds great promise for further in-depth studies and development for use in metabolomics and many other areas of analytical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars T. Kuhn
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Joachim Bargon
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei
de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Facultat de Ciències
i Biosciències, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei
de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Facultat de Ciències
i Biosciències, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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6
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Neuling NR, Allert RD, Bucher DB. Prospects of single-cell nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with quantum sensors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 83:102975. [PMID: 37573624 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis can unravel functional heterogeneity within cell populations otherwise obscured by ensemble measurements. However, noninvasive techniques that probe chemical entities and their dynamics are still lacking. This challenge could be overcome by novel sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, which enable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on unprecedented sample volumes. In this perspective, we briefly introduce NV-based quantum sensing and review the progress made in microscale NV-NMR spectroscopy. Last, we discuss approaches to enhance the sensitivity of NV ensemble magnetometers to detect biologically relevant concentrations and provide a roadmap toward their application in single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Neuling
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany; Munich Center of Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80779 München, Germany
| | - Robin D Allert
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany; Munich Center of Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80779 München, Germany
| | - Dominik B Bucher
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany; Munich Center of Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80779 München, Germany.
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7
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Bruckmaier F, Allert RD, Neuling NR, Amrein P, Littin S, Briegel KD, Schätzle P, Knittel P, Zaitsev M, Bucher DB. Imaging local diffusion in microstructures using NV-based pulsed field gradient NMR. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3484. [PMID: 37595048 PMCID: PMC10438442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding diffusion in microstructures plays a crucial role in many scientific fields, including neuroscience, medicine, or energy research. While magnetic resonance (MR) methods are the gold standard for diffusion measurements, spatial encoding in MR imaging has limitations. Here, we introduce nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based nuclear MR (NMR) spectroscopy as a powerful tool to probe diffusion within microscopic sample volumes. We have developed an experimental scheme that combines pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) with optically detected NV-NMR spectroscopy, allowing local quantification of molecular diffusion and flow. We demonstrate correlated optical imaging with spatially resolved PGSE NV-NMR experiments probing anisotropic water diffusion within an individual model microstructure. Our optically detected PGSE NV-NMR technique opens up prospects for extending the current capabilities of investigating diffusion processes with the future potential of probing single cells, tissue microstructures, or ion mobility in thin film materials for battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleming Bruckmaier
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robin D. Allert
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nick R. Neuling
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Amrein
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Littin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl D. Briegel
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philip Schätzle
- Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, Emmy-Noether-Str. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Tullastr. 72, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik B. Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
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8
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Ding Y, Stevanato G, von Bonin F, Kube D, Glöggler S. Real-time cell metabolism assessed repeatedly on the same cells via para-hydrogen induced polarization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7642-7647. [PMID: 37476713 PMCID: PMC10355108 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal-enhanced or hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy stands out as a unique tool to monitor real-time enzymatic reactions in living cells. The singlet state of para-hydrogen is thereby one source of spin order that can be converted into largely enhanced signals of e.g. metabolites. Here, we have investigated a parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) approach as a biological assay for in vitro cellular metabolic characterization. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to perform consecutive measurements yielding metabolic information on the same sample. We observed a strongly reduced pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate (flux) of a Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer cell line L1236 treated with FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) affecting the amount of NAD+ and thus NADH in cells. In the consecutive measurement the flux was recovered by NADH to the same amount as in the single-measurement-per-sample and provides a promising new analytical tool for continuous real-time studies combinable with bioreactors and lab-on-a-chip devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ding
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert-Koch-Str. 40 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert-Koch-Str. 40 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
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9
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Li Z, Bao Q, Liu C, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Recent advances in microfluidics-based bioNMR analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1213-1225. [PMID: 36651305 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used in a variety of fields due to its powerful analytical capability. To facilitate biochemical NMR (bioNMR) analysis for samples with a limited mass, a number of integrated systems have been developed by coupling microfluidics and NMR. However, there are few review papers that summarize the recent advances in the development of microfluidics-based NMR (μNMR) systems. Herein, we review the advancements in μNMR systems built on high-field commercial instruments and low-field compact platforms. Specifically, μNMR platforms with three types of typical microcoils settled in the high-field NMR instruments will be discussed, followed by summarizing compact NMR systems and their applications in biomedical point-of-care testing. Finally, a conclusion and future prospects in the field of μNMR were given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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10
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Plata M, Sharma M, Utz M, Werner JM. Fully Automated Characterization of Protein-Peptide Binding by Microfluidic 2D NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3204-3210. [PMID: 36716203 PMCID: PMC9912330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an automated microfluidic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system that quantitatively characterizes protein-ligand interactions without user intervention and with minimal sample needs through protein-detected heteronuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy. Quantitation of protein-ligand interactions is of fundamental importance to the understanding of signaling and other life processes. As is well-known, NMR provides rich information both on the thermodynamics of binding and on the binding site. However, the required titrations are laborious and tend to require large amounts of sample, which are not always available. The present work shows how the analytical power of NMR detection can be brought in line with the trend of miniaturization and automation in life science workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Plata
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manvendra Sharma
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Utz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom,Email
for M.U.:
| | - Jörn M. Werner
- School
for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, B85 Life Science Building, University
Rd, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom,Email for J.M.W.:
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12
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Allert RD, Bruckmaier F, Neuling NR, Freire-Moschovitis FA, Liu KS, Schrepel C, Schätzle P, Knittel P, Hermans M, Bucher DB. Microfluidic quantum sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4831-4840. [PMID: 36398977 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications have emerged as invaluable physical and life sciences tools. The advantages stem from advanced system miniaturization, thus, requiring far less sample volume while allowing for complex functionality, increased reproducibility, and high throughput. However, LOC applications necessitate extensive sensor miniaturization to leverage these inherent advantages fully. Atom-sized quantum sensors are highly promising to bridge this gap and have enabled measurements of temperature, electric and magnetic fields on the nano- to microscale. Nevertheless, the technical complexity of both disciplines has so far impeded an uncompromising combination of LOC systems and quantum sensors. Here, we present a fully integrated microfluidic platform for solid-state spin quantum sensors, like the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Our platform fulfills all technical requirements, such as fast spin manipulation, enabling full quantum sensing capabilities, biocompatibility, and easy adaptability to arbitrary channel and chip geometries. To illustrate the vast potential of quantum sensors in LOC systems, we demonstrate various NV center-based sensing modalities for chemical analysis in our microfluidic platform, ranging from paramagnetic ion detection to high-resolution microscale NV-NMR. Consequently, our work opens the door for novel chemical analysis capabilities within LOC devices with applications in electrochemistry, high-throughput reaction screening, bioanalytics, organ-on-a-chip, or single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Allert
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - F Bruckmaier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - N R Neuling
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - F A Freire-Moschovitis
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - K S Liu
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - C Schrepel
- LightFab GmbH, Talbotstr. 25, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Schätzle
- Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, Emmy-Noether-Str. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Knittel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Tullastr. 72, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Hermans
- LightFab GmbH, Talbotstr. 25, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - D B Bucher
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
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13
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Allert RD, Briegel KD, Bucher DB. Advances in nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy using diamond quantum sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8165-8181. [PMID: 35796253 PMCID: PMC9301930 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum technologies have seen a rapid developmental surge over the last couple of years. Though often overshadowed by quantum computation, quantum sensors show tremendous potential for widespread applications in chemistry and biology. One system stands out in particular: the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, an atomic-sized sensor allowing the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals at unprecedented length scales down to a single proton. In this article, we review the fundamentals of NV center-based quantum sensing and its distinct impact on nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we highlight possible future applications of this novel technology ranging from energy research, materials science, to single-cell biology, and discuss the associated challenges of these rapidly developing NMR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Allert
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Karl D Briegel
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Dominik B Bucher
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
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14
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Barker S, Dagys L, Hale W, Ripka B, Eills J, Sharma M, Levitt MH, Utz M. Direct Production of a Hyperpolarized Metabolite on a Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3260-3267. [PMID: 35147413 PMCID: PMC9096798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems hold great potential for the study of live microscopic cultures of cells, tissue samples, and small organisms. Integration of hyperpolarization would enable quantitative studies of metabolism in such volume limited systems by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate, for the first time, the integrated generation and detection of a hyperpolarized metabolite on a microfluidic chip. The metabolite [1-13C]fumarate is produced in a nuclear hyperpolarized form by (i) introducing para-enriched hydrogen into the solution by diffusion through a polymer membrane, (ii) reaction with a substrate in the presence of a ruthenium-based catalyst, and (iii) conversion of the singlet-polarized reaction product into a magnetized form by the application of a radiofrequency pulse sequence, all on the same microfluidic chip. The microfluidic device delivers a continuous flow of hyperpolarized material at the 2.5 μL/min scale, with a polarization level of 4%. We demonstrate two methods for mitigating singlet-triplet mixing effects which otherwise reduce the achieved polarization level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia
J. Barker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Hale
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
| | - Barbara Ripka
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James Eills
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manvendra Sharma
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Utz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Schmidt AB, Zimmermann M, Berner S, de Maissin H, Müller CA, Ivantaev V, Hennig J, Elverfeldt DV, Hövener JB. Quasi-continuous production of highly hyperpolarized carbon-13 contrast agents every 15 seconds within an MRI system. Commun Chem 2022; 5:21. [PMID: 36697573 PMCID: PMC9814607 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized contrast agents (HyCAs) have enabled unprecedented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metabolism and pH in vivo. Producing HyCAs with currently available methods, however, is typically time and cost intensive. Here, we show virtually-continuous production of HyCAs using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), without stand-alone polarizer, but using a system integrated in an MRI instead. Polarization of ≈2% for [1-13C]succinate-d2 or ≈19% for hydroxyethyl-[1-13C]propionate-d3 was created every 15 s, for which fast, effective, and well-synchronized cycling of chemicals and reactions in conjunction with efficient spin-order transfer was key. We addressed these challenges using a dedicated, high-pressure, high-temperature reactor with integrated water-based heating and a setup operated via the MRI pulse program. As PHIP of several biologically relevant HyCAs has recently been described, this Rapid-PHIP technique promises fast preclinical studies, repeated administration or continuous infusion within a single lifetime of the agent, as well as a prolonged window for observation with signal averaging and dynamic monitoring of metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mirko Zimmermann
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph A Müller
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Vladislav Ivantaev
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Dominik V Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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16
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Schmidt AB, Bowers CR, Buckenmaier K, Chekmenev EY, de Maissin H, Eills J, Ellermann F, Glöggler S, Gordon JW, Knecht S, Koptyug IV, Kuhn J, Pravdivtsev AN, Reineri F, Theis T, Them K, Hövener JB. Instrumentation for Hydrogenative Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:479-502. [PMID: 34974698 PMCID: PMC8784962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institutefor Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Nizza 52, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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17
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van Zelst FHM, Romanuka J, Kentgens APM. Hyphenated structural identification of additives in transmission fluids. Analyst 2022; 147:2068-2073. [PMID: 35445223 PMCID: PMC9112864 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission fluids and other lubricants are used to reduce friction in engines and other surfaces. Additives in these transmission fluids are important for prolonging their lifetime and obtaining the desired physical properties for the lubricant. In this work, we show the successful structural identification of an important class of additives in transmission fluids by hyphenating several analytical techniques in-line. First, a separation of the additives in a transmission fluid was achieved within 10 minutes by using supercritical fluid chromatography. SFC-1H NMR was then used as a novel analysis method to structurally identify different additives in transmission fluids, in combination with mass spectrometry data. By this unique hyphenation of SFC, NMR spectroscopy and MS, several alkylated diphenylamines were identified, which are one of the most important classes of antioxidants. A novel hyphenated analytical method to unravel complex mixtures, SFC-1H NMR/MS, is introduced. It is applied for the structural analysis of additives in transmission fluids which can be used to prolong the lifetime of lubricants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- F. H. M. van Zelst
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Romanuka
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. P. M. Kentgens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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