1
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Mujwara D, Kelvin EA, Dahman B, George G, Nixon D, Adera T, Mwai E, Kimmel AD. The economic costs and cost-effectiveness of HIV self-testing among truck drivers in Kenya. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:355-362. [PMID: 38441272 PMCID: PMC11005835 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV status awareness is critical for ending the HIV epidemic but remains low in high-HIV-risk and hard-to-reach sub-populations. Targeted, efficient interventions are needed to improve HIV test-uptake. We examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of offering the choice of self-administered oral HIV-testing (HIVST-Choice) compared with provider-administered testing only [standard-of-care (SOC)] among long-distance truck drivers. Effectiveness data came from a randomized-controlled trial conducted at two roadside wellness clinics in Kenya (HIVST-Choice arm, n = 150; SOC arm, n = 155). Economic cost data came from the literature, reflected a societal perspective and were reported in 2020 international dollars (I$), a hypothetical currency with equivalent purchasing power as the US dollar. Generalized Poisson and linear gamma regression models were used to estimate effectiveness and incremental costs, respectively; incremental effectiveness was reported as the number of long-distance truck drivers needing to receive HIVST-Choice for an additional HIV test-uptake. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of HIVST-Choice compared with SOC and estimated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using non-parametric bootstrapping. Uncertainty was assessed using deterministic sensitivity analysis and the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. HIV test-uptake was 23% more likely for HIVST-Choice, with six individuals needing to be offered HIVST-Choice for an additional HIV test-uptake. The mean per-patient cost was nearly 4-fold higher in HIVST-Choice (I$39.28) versus SOC (I$10.80), with an ICER of I$174.51, 95% CI [165.72, 194.59] for each additional test-uptake. HIV self-test kit and cell phone service costs were the main drivers of the ICER, although findings were robust even at highest possible costs. The probability of cost-effectiveness approached 1 at a willingness-to-pay of I$200 for each additional HIV test-uptake. HIVST-Choice improves HIV-test-uptake among truck drivers at low willingness-to-pay thresholds, suggesting that HIV self-testing is an efficient use of resources. Policies supporting HIV self-testing in similar high risk, hard-to-reach sub-populations may expedite achievement of international targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deo Mujwara
- Department of Health Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Analysis Group, Inc, 111 Huntington Ave 4th floor, Boston, MA 02199, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics & CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, 205 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Bassam Dahman
- Department of Health Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gavin George
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Daniel Nixon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Tilahun Adera
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Eva Mwai
- North Star Alliance, 8 Silanga Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - April D Kimmel
- Department of Health Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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2
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Ohler A, Taylor PE, Bledsoe JA, Iavarone AT, Gilbert NC, Offenbacher AR. Identification of the Thermal Activation Network in Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2: Divergence from Plant Orthologs and Its Relationship to Hydrogen Tunneling Activation Barriers. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5444-5457. [PMID: 38601784 PMCID: PMC11003420 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases (LOXs) is initiated by a C-H cleavage step in which the hydrogen atom is transferred quantum mechanically (i.e., via tunneling). In these reactions, protein thermal motions facilitate the conversion of ground-state enzyme-substrate complexes to tunneling-ready configurations and are thus important for transferring energy from the solvent to the active site for the activation of catalysis. In this report, we employed temperature-dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (TDHDX-MS) to identify catalytically linked, thermally activated peptides in a representative animal LOX, human epithelial 15-LOX-2. TDHDX-MS of wild-type 15-LOX-2 was compared to two active site mutations that retain structural stability but have increased activation energies (Ea) of catalysis. The Ea value of one variant, V427L, is implicated to arise from suboptimal substrate positioning by increased active-site side chain rotamer dynamics, as determined by X-ray crystallography and ensemble refinement. The resolved thermal network from the comparative Eas of TDHDX-MS between wild-type and V426A is localized along the front face of the 15-LOX-2 catalytic domain. The network contains a clustering of isoleucine, leucine, and valine side chains within the helical peptides. This thermal network of 15-LOX-2 is different in location, area, and backbone structure compared to a model plant lipoxygenase from soybean that exhibits a low Ea value of catalysis compared to the human ortholog. The presented data provide insights into the divergence of thermally activated protein motions in plant and animal LOXs and their relationships to the enthalpic barriers for facilitating hydrogen tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ohler
- Department
of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Paris E. Taylor
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jasmine A. Bledsoe
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathaniel C. Gilbert
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Adam R. Offenbacher
- Department
of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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3
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Nguyen DC, Song K, Jokonya S, Yazdani O, Sellers DL, Wang Y, Zakaria ABM, Pun SH, Stayton PS. Mannosylated STING Agonist Drugamers for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:666-675. [PMID: 38559305 PMCID: PMC10979423 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite recent advances, therapies targeting the STING pathway are often limited by routes of administration, suboptimal STING activation, or off-target toxicity. Here, we report a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted polymeric prodrug platform (polySTING) that is designed to optimize intracellular delivery of a diamidobenzimidazole (diABZI) small-molecule STING agonist while minimizing off-target toxicity after parenteral administration. PolySTING incorporates mannose targeting ligands as a comonomer, which facilitates its uptake in CD206+/mannose receptor+ professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The STING agonist is conjugated through a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine (VA) linker for selective intracellular drug release after receptor-mediated endocytosis. When administered intravenously in tumor-bearing mice, polySTING selectively targeted CD206+/mannose receptor+ APCs in the TME, resulting in increased cross-presenting CD8+ DCs, infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the TME as well as maturation across multiple DC subtypes in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN). Systemic administration of polySTING slowed tumor growth in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model as well as a 4T1 murine breast cancer model with an acceptable safety profile. Thus, we demonstrate that polySTING delivers STING agonists to professional APCs after systemic administration, generating efficacious DC-driven antitumor immunity with minimal side effects. This new polymeric prodrug platform may offer new opportunities for combining efficient targeted STING agonist delivery with other selective tumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Chuong Nguyen
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kefan Song
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Simbarashe Jokonya
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Omeed Yazdani
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Drew L. Sellers
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - ABM Zakaria
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Molecular
Engineering & Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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4
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Sengupta T, St. Ange J, Kaletsky R, Moore RS, Seto RJ, Marogi J, Myhrvold C, Gitai Z, Murphy CT. A natural bacterial pathogen of C. elegans uses a small RNA to induce transgenerational inheritance of learned avoidance. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011178. [PMID: 38547071 PMCID: PMC10977744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
C. elegans can learn to avoid pathogenic bacteria through several mechanisms, including bacterial small RNA-induced learned avoidance behavior, which can be inherited transgenerationally. Previously, we discovered that a small RNA from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14, induces learned avoidance and transgenerational inheritance of that avoidance in C. elegans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen, and there are other Pseudomonads in C. elegans' natural habitat, but it is unclear whether C. elegans ever encounters PA14-like bacteria in the wild. Thus, it is not known if small RNAs from bacteria found in C. elegans' natural habitat can also regulate host behavior and produce heritable behavioral effects. Here we screened a set of wild habitat bacteria, and found that a pathogenic Pseudomonas vranovensis strain isolated from the C. elegans microbiota, GRb0427, regulates worm behavior: worms learn to avoid this pathogenic bacterium following exposure, and this learned avoidance is inherited for four generations. The learned response is entirely mediated by bacterially-produced small RNAs, which induce avoidance and transgenerational inheritance, providing further support that such mechanisms of learning and inheritance exist in the wild. We identified Pv1, a small RNA expressed in P. vranovensis, that has a 16-nucleotide match to an exon of the C. elegans gene maco-1. Pv1 is both necessary and sufficient to induce learned avoidance of Grb0427. However, Pv1 also results in avoidance of a beneficial microbiome strain, P. mendocina. Our findings suggest that bacterial small RNA-mediated regulation of host behavior and its transgenerational inheritance may be functional in C. elegans' natural environment, and that this potentially maladaptive response may favor reversal of the transgenerational memory after a few generations. Our data also suggest that different bacterial small RNA-mediated regulation systems evolved independently, but define shared molecular features of bacterial small RNAs that produce transgenerationally-inherited effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titas Sengupta
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan St. Ange
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Moore
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Renee J. Seto
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jacob Marogi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Cameron Myhrvold
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zemer Gitai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Coleen T. Murphy
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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5
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Ebonyi AO, Okpokwu J, Rawizza H, Chebu P, Chaplin B, Hamel D, Oguche S, Agbaji OO, Sagay AS, Kanki PJ, Imade GE. Pretreatment and Acquired Drug Resistance in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Jos, Nigeria. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae092. [PMID: 38464491 PMCID: PMC10921386 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We determined pretreatment and acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance among children with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in Jos, Nigeria. The majority (71%) of those who failed first-line antiretroviral therapy were on a nevirapine-containing regimen. The prevalence of pretreatment (48%) and acquired (76%) HIV drug resistance mutations was high in our study. Wider access to HIV drug resistance testing after treatment failure is necessary to optimize second-line treatment options among children with HIV in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine O Ebonyi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Okpokwu
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria–supported ISO 15189 Laboratory, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Holly Rawizza
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe Chebu
- APIN Public Health Initiatives, Plot 1551, Apo Resettlement, Apo District, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | - Beth Chaplin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald Hamel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Oguche
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Oche O Agbaji
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Atiene S Sagay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Phyllis J Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Godwin E Imade
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria–supported ISO 15189 Laboratory, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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6
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Jacobson T, Bae Y, Kler JS, Iyer R, Zhang R, Montgomery ND, Nunes D, Pleil JD, Funk WE. Advancing Global Health Surveillance of Mycotoxin Exposures using Minimally Invasive Sampling Techniques: A State-of-the-Science Review. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3580-3594. [PMID: 38354120 PMCID: PMC10903514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a heterogeneous group of toxins produced by fungi that can grow in staple crops (e.g., maize, cereals), resulting in health risks due to widespread exposure from human consumption and inhalation. Dried blood spot (DBS), dried serum spot (DSS), and volumetric tip microsampling (VTS) assays were developed and validated for several important mycotoxins. This review summarizes studies that have developed these assays to monitor mycotoxin exposures in human biological samples and highlights future directions to facilitate minimally invasive sampling techniques as global public health tools. A systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL (EBSCO) was conducted. Key assay performance metrics were extracted to provide a critical review of the available methods. This search identified 11 published reports related to measuring mycotoxins (ochratoxins, aflatoxins, and fumonisins) using DBS/DSS and VTS assays. Multimycotoxin assays adapted for DBS/DSS and VTS have undergone sufficient laboratory validation for applications in large-scale population health and human biomonitoring studies. Future work should expand the number of mycotoxins that can be measured in multimycotoxin assays, continue to improve multimycotoxin assay sensitivities of several biomarkers with low detection rates, and validate multimycotoxin assays across diverse populations with varying exposure levels. Validated low-cost and ultrasensitive minimally invasive sampling methods should be deployed in human biomonitoring and public health surveillance studies to guide policy interventions to reduce inequities in global mycotoxin exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler
A. Jacobson
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yeunook Bae
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jasdeep S. Kler
- University
of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Runze Zhang
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Nathan D. Montgomery
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Denise Nunes
- Galter
Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Joachim D. Pleil
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public
Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William E. Funk
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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7
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Islam S, Gour J, Beer T, Tang HY, Cassel J, Salvino JM, Busino L. A Tandem-Affinity Purification Method for Identification of Primary Intracellular Drug-Binding Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:233-242. [PMID: 38271588 PMCID: PMC10878392 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In the field of drug discovery, understanding how small molecule drugs interact with cellular components is crucial. Our study introduces a novel methodology to uncover primary drug targets using Tandem Affinity Purification for identification of Drug-Binding Proteins (TAP-DBP). Central to our approach is the generation of a FLAG-hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged chimeric protein featuring the FKBP12(F36V) adaptor protein and the TurboID enzyme. Conjugation of drug molecules with the FKBP12(F36V) ligand allows for the coordinated recruitment of drug-binding partners effectively enabling in-cell TurboID-mediated biotinylation. By employing a tandem affinity purification protocol based on FLAG-immunoprecipitation and streptavidin pulldown, alongside mass spectrometry analysis, TAP-DBP allows for the precise identification of drug-primary binding partners. Overall, this study introduces a systematic, unbiased method for identification of drug-protein interactions, contributing a clear understanding of target engagement and drug selectivity to advance the mode of action of a drug in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehbanul Islam
- University
of Pennsylvania, Perelman School
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis (MCO) Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas Beer
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis (MCO) Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis (MCO) Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular
Screening and Protein Expression Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph M. Salvino
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis (MCO) Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Luca Busino
- University
of Pennsylvania, Perelman School
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Murray D, Ge X, Schut GJ, Rosenberg DJ, Hammel M, Bierma JC, Hille R, Adams MWW, Hura GL. Correlating Conformational Equilibria with Catalysis in the Electron Bifurcating EtfABCX of Thermotoga maritima. Biochemistry 2024; 63:128-140. [PMID: 38013433 PMCID: PMC10765413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Electron bifurcation (BF) is an evolutionarily ancient energy coupling mechanism in anaerobes, whose associated enzymatic machinery remains enigmatic. In BF-flavoenzymes, a chemically high-potential electron forms in a thermodynamically favorable fashion by simultaneously dropping the potential of a second electron before its donation to physiological acceptors. The cryo-EM and spectroscopic analyses of the BF-enzyme Fix/EtfABCX from Thermotoga maritima suggest that the BF-site contains a special flavin-adenine dinucleotide and, upon its reduction with NADH, a low-potential electron transfers to ferredoxin and a high-potential electron reduces menaquinone. The transfer of energy from high-energy intermediates must be carefully orchestrated conformationally to avoid equilibration. Herein, anaerobic size exclusion-coupled small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) shows that the Fix/EtfAB heterodimer subcomplex, which houses BF- and electron transfer (ET)-flavins, exists in a conformational equilibrium of compacted and extended states between flavin-binding domains, the abundance of which is impacted by reduction and NAD(H) binding. The conformations identify dynamics associated with the T. maritima enzyme and also recapitulate states identified in static structures of homologous BF-flavoenzymes. Reduction of Fix/EtfABCX's flavins alone is insufficient to elicit domain movements conducive to ET but requires a structural "trigger" induced by NAD(H) binding. Models show that Fix/EtfABCX's superdimer exists in a combination of states with respect to its BF-subcomplexes, suggesting a cooperative mechanism between supermonomers for optimizing catalysis. The correlation of conformational states with pathway steps suggests a structural means with which Fix/EtfABCX may progress through its catalytic cycle. Collectively, these observations provide a structural framework for tracing Fix/EtfABCX's catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
T. Murray
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaoxuan Ge
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Gerrit J. Schut
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Daniel J. Rosenberg
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan C. Bierma
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Russ Hille
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California,
Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Greg L. Hura
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, University
of California, Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
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9
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Karuppasamy M, English KG, Henry CA, Manzini MC, Parant JM, Wright MA, Ruparelia AA, Currie PD, Gupta VA, Dowling JJ, Maves L, Alexander MS. Standardization of zebrafish drug testing parameters for muscle diseases. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050339. [PMID: 38235578 PMCID: PMC10820820 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscular diseases predominantly affect skeletal and cardiac muscle, resulting in muscle weakness, impaired respiratory function and decreased lifespan. These harmful outcomes lead to poor health-related quality of life and carry a high healthcare economic burden. The absence of promising treatments and new therapies for muscular disorders requires new methods for candidate drug identification and advancement in animal models. Consequently, the rapid screening of drug compounds in an animal model that mimics features of human muscle disease is warranted. Zebrafish are a versatile model in preclinical studies that support developmental biology and drug discovery programs for novel chemical entities and repurposing of established drugs. Due to several advantages, there is an increasing number of applications of the zebrafish model for high-throughput drug screening for human disorders and developmental studies. Consequently, standardization of key drug screening parameters, such as animal husbandry protocols, drug compound administration and outcome measures, is paramount for the continued advancement of the model and field. Here, we seek to summarize and explore critical drug treatment and drug screening parameters in the zebrafish-based modeling of human muscle diseases. Through improved standardization and harmonization of drug screening parameters and protocols, we aim to promote more effective drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine G. English
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clarissa A. Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Melissa A. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Avnika A. Ruparelia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vandana A. Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J. Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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10
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Russell ML, Fish CS, Drescher S, Cassidy NAJ, Chanana P, Benki-Nugent S, Slyker J, Mbori-Ngacha D, Bosire R, Richardson B, Wamalwa D, Maleche-Obimbo E, Overbaugh J, John-Stewart G, Matsen FA, Lehman DA. Using viral sequence diversity to estimate time of HIV infection in infants. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011861. [PMID: 38117834 PMCID: PMC10732395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age at HIV acquisition may influence viral pathogenesis in infants, and yet infection timing (i.e. date of infection) is not always known. Adult studies have estimated infection timing using rates of HIV RNA diversification, however, it is unknown whether adult-trained models can provide accurate predictions when used for infants due to possible differences in viral dynamics. While rates of viral diversification have been well defined for adults, there are limited data characterizing these dynamics for infants. Here, we performed Illumina sequencing of gag and pol using longitudinal plasma samples from 22 Kenyan infants with well-characterized infection timing. We used these data to characterize viral diversity changes over time by designing an infant-trained Bayesian hierarchical regression model that predicts time since infection using viral diversity. We show that diversity accumulates with time for most infants (median rate within pol = 0.00079 diversity/month), and diversity accumulates much faster than in adults (compare previously-reported adult rate within pol = 0.00024 diversity/month [1]). We find that the infant rate of viral diversification varies by individual, gene region, and relative timing of infection, but not by set-point viral load or rate of CD4+ T cell decline. We compare the predictive performance of this infant-trained Bayesian hierarchical regression model with simple linear regression models trained using the same infant data, as well as existing adult-trained models [1]. Using an independent dataset from an additional 15 infants with frequent HIV testing to define infection timing, we demonstrate that infant-trained models more accurately estimate time since infection than existing adult-trained models. This work will be useful for timing HIV acquisition for infants with unknown infection timing and for refining our understanding of how viral diversity accumulates in infants, both of which may have broad implications for the future development of infant-specific therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Russell
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carolyn S. Fish
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara Drescher
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Noah A. J. Cassidy
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Benki-Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rose Bosire
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barbra Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dalton Wamalwa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frederick A. Matsen
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dara A. Lehman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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11
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Li C, Liu Z, Anderson J, Liu Z, Tang L, Li Y, Peng N, Chen J, Liu X, Fu L, Townes TM, Rowe SM, Bedwell DM, Guimbellot J, Zhao R. Prime editing-mediated correction of the CFTR W1282X mutation in iPSCs and derived airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295009. [PMID: 38019847 PMCID: PMC10686454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet need in the cystic fibrosis (CF) therapeutic landscape is the lack of effective treatments for nonsense CFTR mutations, which affect approximately 10% of CF patients. Correction of nonsense CFTR mutations via genomic editing represents a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we tested whether prime editing, a novel CRISPR-based genomic editing method, can be a potential therapeutic modality to correct nonsense CFTR mutations. We generated iPSCs from a CF patient homozygous for the CFTR W1282X mutation. We demonstrated that prime editing corrected one mutant allele in iPSCs, which effectively restored CFTR function in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells and organoids. We further demonstrated that prime editing may directly repair mutations in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells when the prime editing machinery is efficiently delivered by helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd). Together, our data demonstrated that prime editing may potentially be applied to correct CFTR mutations such as W1282X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Justin Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Liping Tang
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yao Li
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ning Peng
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xueming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianwu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tim M. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David M. Bedwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Guimbellot
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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12
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Trasande L, Comstock SS, Herbstman JB, Margolis A, Alcedo G, Afanasyeva Y, Yu K, Lee W, Lawrence DA. Associations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with birth outcomes: Results from three urban birth cohorts in the NIH environmental influences on child health outcomes program. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293652. [PMID: 37992059 PMCID: PMC10664934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest perinatal infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce adverse birth outcomes, but studies published to date have substantial limitations. We therefore conducted an observational study of 211 births occurring between January 2020-September 2021 in three urban cohorts participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program. Serology was assessed for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to nucleocapsid, S1 spike, S2 spike, and receptor-binding domain. There were no differences in gestational age (GA), birth weight, preterm birth (PTB) or low birth weight (LBW) among seropositive mothers. However, the few (n = 9) IgM seropositive mothers had children with lower BW (434g, 95% CI: 116-752), BW Z score-for-GA (0.73 SD, 95% CI 0.10-1.36) and were more likely to deliver preterm (OR 8.75, 95% CI 1.22-62.4). Though there are limits to interpretation, the data support efforts to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trasande
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, United States of America
- NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amy Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Garry Alcedo
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keunhyung Yu
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - William Lee
- Wadsworth Laboratories, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Laboratories, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States of America
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13
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Hunter S, Hendrix J, Freeman J, Dowell RD, Allen MA. Transcription dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome. BMC Biol 2023; 21:228. [PMID: 37946204 PMCID: PMC10636926 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in DNA copy number in Down syndrome (DS; caused by trisomy 21) has led to the DNA dosage hypothesis, which posits that the level of gene expression is proportional to the gene's DNA copy number. Yet many reports have suggested that a proportion of chromosome 21 genes are dosage compensated back towards typical expression levels (1.0×). In contrast, other reports suggest that dosage compensation is not a common mechanism of gene regulation in trisomy 21, providing support to the DNA dosage hypothesis. RESULTS In our work, we use both simulated and real data to dissect the elements of differential expression analysis that can lead to the appearance of dosage compensation, even when compensation is demonstrably absent. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a family with an individual with Down syndrome, we demonstrate that dosage compensation is nearly absent at both nascent transcription (GRO-seq) and steady-state RNA (RNA-seq) levels. Furthermore, we link the limited apparent dosage compensation to expected allelic variation in transcription levels. CONCLUSIONS Transcription dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome. Simulated data containing no dosage compensation can appear to have dosage compensation when analyzed via standard methods. Moreover, some chromosome 21 genes that appear to be dosage compensated are consistent with allele specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hunter
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80301, USA
| | - Jo Hendrix
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
- Computational Bioscience, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Justin Freeman
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80301, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, 80045, Aurora, USA
- Crnic Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, 80045, Aurora, USA.
- Crnic Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers, Boulder, 80309, USA.
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14
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Robertson MC, Downer B, Schulz PE, Samper-Ternent R, Lyons EJ, Milani SA. Social and Leisure Activities Predict Transitions in Cognitive Functioning in Older Mexican Adults: A Latent Transition Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1625-1635. [PMID: 37227927 PMCID: PMC10561883 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mexico has a rapidly aging population at risk for cognitive impairment. Social and leisure activities may protect against cognitive decline in older adults. The benefits of these behaviors may vary by patterns of cognitive impairment. The objectives of this study were to identify latent states of cognitive functioning, model the incidence of transitions between these states, and investigate how social and leisure activities were associated with state transitions over a 6-year period in Mexican adults aged 60 and older. METHODS We performed latent transition analyses to identify distinct cognitive statuses in the 2012 and 2018 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 9,091). We examined the transition probabilities between these states and their associations with social and leisure activities. RESULTS We identified 4 cognitive statuses at baseline: normal cognition (43%), temporal disorientation (30%), perceptual-motor function impairment (7%), and learning and memory impairment (20%). Various social and leisure activities were associated with reduced odds of death and disadvantageous cognitive transitions, as well as increased odds of beneficial transitions. DISCUSSION Mapping the effects of popular social and leisure activities onto common patterns in cognitive functioning may inform the development of more enjoyable and effective health-protective behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Robertson
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Downer
- Department of Population Health & Health Disparities, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul E Schulz
- Department of Neurology, The McGovern Medical School of UTHealth Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Department of Management, Policy & Community Health, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Lyons
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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15
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Kellogg CM, Pham K, Machalinski AH, Porter HL, Blankenship HE, Tooley KB, Stout MB, Rice HC, Sharpe AL, Beckstead MJ, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Ocañas SR, Freeman WM. Microglial MHC-I induction with aging and Alzheimer's is conserved in mouse models and humans. GeroScience 2023; 45:3019-3043. [PMID: 37393197 PMCID: PMC10643718 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) CNS cellular localization and function is still being determined after previously being thought to be absent from the brain. MHC-I expression has been reported to increase with brain aging in mouse, rat, and human whole tissue analyses, but the cellular localization was undetermined. Neuronal MHC-I is proposed to regulate developmental synapse elimination and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that across newly generated and publicly available ribosomal profiling, cell sorting, and single-cell data, microglia are the primary source of classical and non-classical MHC-I in mice and humans. Translating ribosome affinity purification-qPCR analysis of 3-6- and 18-22-month-old (m.o.) mice revealed significant age-related microglial induction of MHC-I pathway genes B2m, H2-D1, H2-K1, H2-M3, H2-Q6, and Tap1 but not in astrocytes and neurons. Across a timecourse (12-23 m.o.), microglial MHC-I gradually increased until 21 m.o. and then accelerated. MHC-I protein was enriched in microglia and increased with aging. Microglial expression, and absence in astrocytes and neurons, of MHC-I-binding leukocyte immunoglobulin-like (Lilrs) and paired immunoglobin-like type 2 (Pilrs) receptor families could enable cell -autonomous MHC-I signaling and increased with aging in mice and humans. Increased microglial MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs were observed in multiple AD mouse models and human AD data across methods and studies. MHC-I expression correlated with p16INK4A, suggesting an association with cellular senescence. Conserved induction of MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs with aging and AD opens the possibility of cell-autonomous MHC-I signaling to regulate microglial reactivation with aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin Pham
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adeline H Machalinski
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hunter L Porter
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Harris E Blankenship
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kyla B Tooley
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Heather C Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amanda L Sharpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael J Beckstead
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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16
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10236-10248. [PMID: 37772119 PMCID: PMC10530868 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
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17
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Gan J, de Vries J, Akkermans JJLL, Mohammed Y, Tjokrodirijo RTN, de Ru AH, Kim RQ, Vargas DA, Pol V, Fasan R, van Veelen PA, Neefjes J, van Dam H, Ovaa H, Sapmaz A, Geurink PP. Cellular Validation of a Chemically Improved Inhibitor Identifies Monoubiquitination on OTUB2. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2003-2013. [PMID: 37642399 PMCID: PMC10510154 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB2, a cysteine protease from the ovarian tumor (OTU) deubiquitinase superfamily, is often overexpressed during tumor progression and metastasis. Development of OTUB2 inhibitors is therefore believed to be therapeutically important, yet potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting OTUB2 are scarce. Here, we describe the development of an improved OTUB2 inhibitor, LN5P45, comprising a chloroacethydrazide moiety that covalently reacts to the active-site cysteine residue. LN5P45 shows outstanding target engagement and proteome-wide selectivity in living cells. Importantly, LN5P45 as well as other OTUB2 inhibitors strongly induce monoubiquitination of OTUB2 on lysine 31. We present a route to future OTUB2-related therapeutics and have shown that the OTUB2 inhibitor developed in this study can help to uncover new aspects of the related biology and open new questions regarding the understanding of OTUB2 regulation at the post-translational modification level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gan
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Vries
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy J. L. L. Akkermans
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rayman T. N. Tjokrodirijo
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q. Kim
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Vargas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Vito Pol
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Sapmaz
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Geurink
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Division of Chemical Biology and Drug
Discovery, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Wen EH, Jacobse PH, Jiang J, Wang Z, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Fermi-Level Engineering of Nitrogen Core-Doped Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19338-19346. [PMID: 37611208 PMCID: PMC10485924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Substitutional heteroatom doping of bottom-up engineered 1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is a versatile tool for realizing low-dimensional functional materials for nanoelectronics and sensing. Previous efforts have largely relied on replacing C-H groups lining the edges of GNRs with trigonal planar N atoms. This type of atomically precise doping, however, only results in a modest realignment of the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) energies. Here, we report the design, bottom-up synthesis, and spectroscopic characterization of nitrogen core-doped 5-atom-wide armchair GNRs (N2-5-AGNRs) that yield much greater energy-level shifting of the GNR electronic structure. Here, the substitution of C atoms with N atoms along the backbone of the GNR introduces a single surplus π-electron per dopant that populates the electronic states associated with previously unoccupied bands. First-principles DFT-LDA calculations confirm that a sizable shift in Fermi energy (∼1.0 eV) is accompanied by a broad reconfiguration of the band structure, including the opening of a new band gap and the transition from a direct to an indirect semiconducting band gap. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) lift-off charge transport experiments corroborate the theoretical results and reveal the relationship among substitutional heteroatom doping, Fermi-level shifting, electronic band structure, and topological engineering for this new N-doped GNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan
Chi Ho Wen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Wilk EJ, Howton TC, Fisher JL, Oza VH, Brownlee RT, McPherson KC, Cleary HL, Yoder BK, George JF, Mrug M, Lasseigne BN. Prioritized polycystic kidney disease drug targets and repurposing candidates from pre-cystic and cystic mouse Pkd2 model gene expression reversion. Mol Med 2023; 29:67. [PMID: 37217845 PMCID: PMC10201779 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most prevalent monogenic human diseases. It is mostly caused by pathogenic variants in PKD1 or PKD2 genes that encode interacting transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). Among many pathogenic processes described in ADPKD, those associated with cAMP signaling, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming appear to regulate the disease manifestations. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor-2 antagonist that regulates cAMP pathway, is the only FDA-approved ADPKD therapeutic. Tolvaptan reduces renal cyst growth and kidney function loss, but it is not tolerated by many patients and is associated with idiosyncratic liver toxicity. Therefore, additional therapeutic options for ADPKD treatment are needed. METHODS As drug repurposing of FDA-approved drug candidates can significantly decrease the time and cost associated with traditional drug discovery, we used the computational approach signature reversion to detect inversely related drug response gene expression signatures from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database and identified compounds predicted to reverse disease-associated transcriptomic signatures in three publicly available Pkd2 kidney transcriptomic data sets of mouse ADPKD models. We focused on a pre-cystic model for signature reversion, as it was less impacted by confounding secondary disease mechanisms in ADPKD, and then compared the resulting candidates' target differential expression in the two cystic mouse models. We further prioritized these drug candidates based on their known mechanism of action, FDA status, targets, and by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS With this in-silico approach, we prioritized 29 unique drug targets differentially expressed in Pkd2 ADPKD cystic models and 16 prioritized drug repurposing candidates that target them, including bromocriptine and mirtazapine, which can be further tested in-vitro and in-vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate drug targets and repurposing candidates that may effectively treat pre-cystic as well as cystic ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Wilk
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Timothy C. Howton
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vishal H. Oza
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ryan T. Brownlee
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, GA USA
| | - Kasi C. McPherson
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Hannah L. Cleary
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - James F. George
- The Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- The Department of Medicine, HeersinkSchool of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Brittany N. Lasseigne
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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20
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Biddell CB, Waters AR, Angove RSM, Gallagher KD, Rosenstein DL, Spees LP, Kent EE, Planey AM, Wheeler SB. Facing financial barriers to healthcare: patient-informed adaptation of a conceptual framework for adults with a history of cancer. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1178517. [PMID: 37255517 PMCID: PMC10225523 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1178517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-related financial hardship is associated with negative clinical outcomes, which may be partially explained by cost-related delayed or forgone care in response to financial barriers. We sought to understand patient experiences facing financial barriers to medical care following a cancer diagnosis. Methods We conducted virtual, semi-structured interviews in Fall 2022 with 20 adults with a history of cancer who had experienced cancer-related financial hardship in the prior year. We used template analysis within a pragmatic paradigm, combining constructivist and critical realist theoretical perspectives, to analyze interview transcripts and adapt an existing conceptual framework of financial barriers to care. Results The majority of interviewees identified as women (70%), non-Hispanic white (60%), and reported an annual household income of <$48,000 (60%). As interviewees sought to overcome financial barriers, they described substantial frustration at the limitations and complexities of United States health and social care systems, resulting in a reliance on a fragmented, uncertain resource landscape. The administrative burden resulting from bureaucratic systems and the advocacy responsibilities required to navigate them ultimately fell on interviewees and their caregivers. Thus, participants described their ability to overcome financial barriers as being influenced by individual and interpersonal factors, such as social support, comfort asking for help, time, prior experience navigating resources, and physical and mental health. However, participants noted health system organizational factors, such as whether all new patients proactively met with a social worker or financial navigator, as having the potential to lessen the administrative and financial burden experienced. Conclusion We present an adapted conceptual framework outlining multi-level factors influencing patient experiences coping with financial barriers to medical care. In addition to influencing whether a patient ultimately delays or forgoes care due to cost, financial barriers also have the potential to independently affect patient mental, physical, and financial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B. Biddell
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Austin R. Waters
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebekah S. M. Angove
- Patient Insight Institute, Patient Advocate Foundation, Hampton, VA, United States
| | | | - Donald L. Rosenstein
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lisa P. Spees
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin E. Kent
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Arrianna Marie Planey
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie B. Wheeler
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Saenz J, Milani S, Mejía-Arango S. Gender, Personality, and Cognitive Resilience Against Early-Life Disadvantage. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:913-924. [PMID: 36715207 PMCID: PMC10174201 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-life disadvantage (ELD) relates to lower late-life cognition. However, personality factors, including having an internal locus of control (LOC) or a conscientious personality, relate to resilience and effective stress coping. We explore whether personality factors convey resilience against the negative effects of ELD on cognition, by gender, in Mexico. METHODS Using the 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we estimated expected cognition using multiple ELD markers to identify a subsample in the lowest quartile of expected cognition given ELD (n = 2,086). In this subsample, we estimated cross-sectional associations between personality and having above-median observed cognitive ability (n = 522) using logistic regression. RESULTS Among those in the lowest quartile of expected cognition, a more internal LOC (β = 0.32 [men] and β = 0.44 [women]) and conscientious personality (β = 0.39 [men] and β = 0.17 [women]) were significantly associated with having above-median cognitive ability in models adjusted for demographic confounders. Larger benefits of conscientiousness were observed for men than women. Associations between personality and having above-median cognitive ability remained statistically significant after further adjustment for health, stress, and cognitive stimulation variables, regardless of gender. DISCUSSION Personality factors may convey resilience among individuals who experienced ELD, potentially breaking the link between ELD and worse late-life cognition. Structural factors and gender roles may affect how much women benefit from personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
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22
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Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Schully SD. Reply to Steele et al. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1698-1699. [PMID: 36631171 PMCID: PMC10411924 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keri N Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheri D Schully
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Perry AS, Annis JS, Master H, Nayor M, Hughes A, Kouame A, Natarajan K, Marginean K, Murthy V, Roden DM, Harris PA, Shah R, Brittain EL. Association of Longitudinal Activity Measures and Diabetes Risk: An Analysis From the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1101-1109. [PMID: 36458881 PMCID: PMC10306083 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prior studies of the relationship between physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) relied primarily on questionnaires at a single time point. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the relationship between physical activity and incident T2DM with an innovative approach using data from commercial wearable devices linked to electronic health records in a real-world population. METHODS Using All of Us participants' accelerometer data from their personal Fitbit devices, we used a time-varying Cox proportional hazards models with repeated measures of physical activity for the outcome of incident T2DM. We evaluated for effect modification with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and sedentary time using multiplicative interaction terms. RESULTS From 5677 participants in the All of Us Research Program (median age 51 years; 74% female; 89% White), there were 97 (2%) cases of incident T2DM over a median follow-up period of 3.8 years between 2010 to 2021. In models adjusted for age, sex, and race, the hazard of incident diabetes was reduced by 44% (95% CI, 15%-63%; P = 0.01) when comparing those with an average daily step count of 10 700 to those with 6000. Similar benefits were seen comparing groups based on average duration of various intensities of activity (eg, lightly active, fairly active, very active). There was no evidence for effect modification by age, sex, BMI, or sedentary time. CONCLUSION Greater time in any type of physical activity intensity was associated with lower risk of T2DM irrespective of age, sex, BMI, or sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Annis
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Hiral Master
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Aymone Kouame
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Karthik Natarajan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kayla Marginean
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Venkatesh Murthy
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Paul A Harris
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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24
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Shrestha P, Jaganathan A, Huilgol D, Ballon C, Hwangbo Y, Mills AA. Chd5 Regulates the Transcription Factor Six3 to Promote Neuronal Differentiation. Stem Cells 2023; 41:242-251. [PMID: 36636025 PMCID: PMC10020979 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (Chd5) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that promotes neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism behind the action of Chd5 during neurogenesis is not clearly understood. Here we use transcriptional profiling of cells obtained from Chd5 deficient mice at early and late stages of neuronal differentiation to show that Chd5 regulates neurogenesis by directing stepwise transcriptional changes. During early stages of neurogenesis, Chd5 promotes expression of the proneural transcription factor Six3 to repress Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt ligand essential for the maturation of neurons. This previously unappreciated ability of Chd5 to transcriptionally repress neuronal maturation factors is critical for both lineage specification and maturation. Thus, Chd5 facilitates early transcriptional changes in neural stem cells, thereby initiating transcriptional programs essential for neuronal fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmina Shrestha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Dhananjay Huilgol
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Ballon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yon Hwangbo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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25
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Davidson SM, Boulanger CM, Aikawa E, Badimon L, Barile L, Binder CJ, Brisson A, Buzas E, Emanueli C, Jansen F, Katsur M, Lacroix R, Lim SK, Mackman N, Mayr M, Menasché P, Nieuwland R, Sahoo S, Takov K, Thum T, Vader P, Wauben MHM, Witwer K, Sluijter JPG. Methods for the identification and characterization of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular studies: from exosomes to microvesicles. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:45-63. [PMID: 35325061 PMCID: PMC10233250 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are released from cells of the cardiovascular system, and are considered important mediators of intercellular and extracellular communications. Two types of EVs of particular interest are exosomes and microvesicles, which have been identified in all tissue and body fluids and carry a variety of molecules including RNAs, proteins, and lipids. EVs have potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and as new therapeutic agents, particularly in the setting of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Despite their promise, technical challenges related to their small size make it challenging to accurately identify and characterize them, and to study EV-mediated processes. Here, we aim to provide the reader with an overview of the techniques and technologies available for the separation and characterization of EVs from different sources. Methods for determining the protein, RNA, and lipid content of EVs are discussed. The aim of this document is to provide guidance on critical methodological issues and highlight key points for consideration for the investigation of EVs in cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau-IIBSantPau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Brisson
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Bat. B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Edit Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, HCEMM-SU and ELKH-SE Immune Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslava Katsur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Haematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pieter Vader
- Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Shiau S, Jacobson DL, Huo Y, Kacanek D, Yee LM, Williams DB, Haddad LB, Serghides L, Powis K, Sperling RS, Williams PL, Jao J. Unique Profile of Inflammation and Immune Activation in Pregnant People With HIV in the United States. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:720-730. [PMID: 36592383 PMCID: PMC10152501 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about inflammation/immune activation during pregnancy in people with HIV (PWH) and growth in their children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU). METHODS Using data from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study and an HIV-seronegative comparison group, we assessed associations of (1) HIV status, mode of HIV acquisition (perinatally vs nonperinatally acquired), and type of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with inflammation/immune activation in pregnancy; and (2) inflammation/immune activation in pregnancy with growth of CHEU at 12 months. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), soluble(s) TNF-α receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNFR2), sCD14, and sCD163 were measured between 13 and 27 weeks' gestation. Linear regression models were fit to estimate differences between groups for each log-transformed biomarker, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Pregnant PWH (188 total, 39 perinatally acquired, 149 nonperinatally acquired) and 76 HIV-seronegative persons were included. PWH had higher IL-6, sTNFR1, sCD14, and sCD163 and lower sTNFR2 compared to HIV-seronegative persons in adjusted models. Among PWH, sCD163 was higher in those with perinatally versus nonperinatally acquired HIV and on PI-based versus INSTI-based ART. Higher maternal concentrations of IL-6, sTNFR2, and hs-CRP were associated with poorer growth at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Maternal HIV status is associated with a distinct profile of inflammation/immune activation during pregnancy, which may influence child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise L Jacobson
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanling Huo
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Kacanek
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn M Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David B Williams
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lena Serghides
- University Health Network and Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathleen Powis
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhoda S Sperling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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27
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Deutsch EW, Vizcaíno JA, Jones AR, Binz PA, Lam H, Klein J, Bittremieux W, Perez-Riverol Y, Tabb DL, Walzer M, Ricard-Blum S, Hermjakob H, Neumann S, Mak TD, Kawano S, Mendoza L, Van Den Bossche T, Gabriels R, Bandeira N, Carver J, Pullman B, Sun Z, Hoffmann N, Shofstahl J, Zhu Y, Licata L, Quaglia F, Tosatto SCE, Orchard SE. Proteomics Standards Initiative at Twenty Years: Current Activities and Future Work. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:287-301. [PMID: 36626722 PMCID: PMC9903322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) has been successfully developing guidelines, data formats, and controlled vocabularies (CVs) for the proteomics community and other fields supported by mass spectrometry since its inception 20 years ago. Here we describe the general operation of the PSI, including its leadership, working groups, yearly workshops, and the document process by which proposals are thoroughly and publicly reviewed in order to be ratified as PSI standards. We briefly describe the current state of the many existing PSI standards, some of which remain the same as when originally developed, some of which have undergone subsequent revisions, and some of which have become obsolete. Then the set of proposals currently being developed are described, with an open call to the community for participation in the forging of the next generation of standards. Finally, we describe some synergies and collaborations with other organizations and look to the future in how the PSI will continue to promote the open sharing of data and thus accelerate the progress of the field of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Deutsch
- Institute
for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Jones
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Alain Binz
- Clinical
Chemistry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 976 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Lam
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Joshua Klein
- Program for
Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Wout Bittremieux
- Skaggs
School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Yasset Perez-Riverol
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Tabb
- SA MRC
Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical
TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch
University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Mathias Walzer
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ.
Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Bioinformatics
and Scientific Data, Leibniz Institute of
Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
- German
Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry
Data Center, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United
States
| | - Shin Kawano
- Database
Center for Life Science, Joint Support Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
- Faculty
of Contemporary Society, Toyama University
of International Studies, Toyama 930-1292, Japan
- School
of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Institute
for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Tim Van Den Bossche
- VIB-UGent
Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ralf Gabriels
- VIB-UGent
Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nuno Bandeira
- Skaggs
School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Computational Mass Spectrometry, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093-0404, United States
| | - Jeremy Carver
- Center
for Computational Mass Spectrometry, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093-0404, United States
| | - Benjamin Pullman
- Center
for Computational Mass Spectrometry, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093-0404, United States
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute
for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Nils Hoffmann
- Institute
for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-5), Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jim Shofstahl
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Yunping Zhu
- National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing
Institute of Lifeomics, #38, Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Luana Licata
- Fondazione
Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department
of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Quaglia
- Institute
of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sandra E. Orchard
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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28
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Wang H, Giardino GJ, Chen R, Yang C, Niu J, Wang D. Photocatalytic Depolymerization of Native Lignin toward Chemically Recyclable Polymer Networks. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:48-55. [PMID: 36712484 PMCID: PMC9881207 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an inedible component of biomass, lignin features rich functional groups that are desired for chemical syntheses. How to effectively depolymerize lignin without compromising the more valuable cellulose and hemicellulose has been a significant challenge. Existing biomass processing procedures either induce extensive condensation in lignin that greatly hinders its chemical utilization or focus on fully depolymerizing lignin to produce monomers that are difficult to separate for subsequent chemical synthesis. Here, we report a new approach to selective partial depolymerization, which produces oligomers that can be readily converted to chemically recyclable polymer networks. The process takes advantage of the high selectivity of photocatalytic activation of the β-O-4 bond in lignin by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT). The availability of exogenous electron mediators or scavengers promotes cleavage or oxidation of this bond, respectively, enabling high degrees of control over the depolymerization and the density of a key functional group, C=O, in the products. The resulting oligomers can then be readily utilized for the synthesis of polymer networks through reactions between C=O and branched -NH2 as a dynamic covalent cross-linker. Importantly, the resulting polymer network can be recycled to enable a circular economy of materials directly derived from biomass.
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29
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Serota DP, Rosenbloom L, Hervera B, Seo G, Feaster DJ, Metsch LR, Suarez E, Chueng TA, Hernandez S, Rodriguez AE, Tookes HE, Doblecki-Lewis S, Bartholomew TS. Integrated Infectious Disease and Substance Use Disorder Care for the Treatment of Injection Drug Use-Associated Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Control. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofac688. [PMID: 36632415 PMCID: PMC9830545 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To address the infectious disease (ID) and substance use disorder (SUD) syndemic, we developed an integrated ID/SUD clinical team rooted in harm reduction at a county hospital in Miami, Florida. The Severe Injection-Related Infection (SIRI) team treats people who inject drugs (PWID) and provides medical care, SUD treatment, and patient navigation during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. We assessed the impact of the SIRI team on ID and SUD treatment and healthcare utilization outcomes. Methods We prospectively collected data on patients seen by the SIRI team. A diagnostic code algorithm confirmed by chart review was used to identify a historical control group of patients with SIRI hospitalizations in the year preceding implementation of the SIRI team. The primary outcome was death or readmission within 90 days post-hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and antibiotic course completion. Results There were 129 patients included in the study: 59 in the SIRI team intervention and 70 in the pre-SIRI team control group. SIRI team patients had a 45% risk reduction (aRR, 0.55 [95% confidence interval CI, .32-.95]; 24% vs 44%) of being readmitted in 90 days or dying compared to pre-SIRI historical controls. SIRI team patients were more likely to initiate MOUD in the hospital (93% vs 33%, P < .01), complete antibiotic treatment (90% vs 60%, P < .01), and less likely to have patient-directed discharge (17% vs 37%, P = .02). Conclusions An integrated ID/SUD team was associated with improvements in healthcare utilization, MOUD initiation, and antibiotic completion for PWID with infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Serota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Liza Rosenbloom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Belén Hervera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Grace Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa R Metsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Teresa A Chueng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Salma Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Allan E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hansel E Tookes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Susanne Doblecki-Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tyler S Bartholomew
- Division of Health Services Research and Policy, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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30
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Young MR, Broadwell C, Kacanek D, Chadwick EG, Jao J, Moscicki AB, Powis K, Tassiopoulos K, Yee LM, Haddad LB. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:2211-2218. [PMID: 35486952 PMCID: PMC10200300 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe trends in prevalence and identify factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), syphilis, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnosed in pregnancy among US people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and evaluate associations of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with preterm birth (PTB). METHODS We included pregnant PWH enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities dynamic cohort of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study network who delivered between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable log-binomial or Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association of calendar year with each STI, controlling for confounders; the association of demographic and clinical factors with each STI; and the association of each STI with PTB. RESULTS The sample included 2241 pregnancies among 1821 PWH. Median age at delivery was 29.2 years; 71% of participants identified as Black or African American. STI prevalence was: CT 7.7%, NG 2.3%, syphilis 2.4%, and TV 14.5%; 30% had unknown TV status. There were no temporal changes in STI prevalence. Younger age and initial HIV viral load ≥400 copies/mL were associated with increased risk of CT, NG, and TV. Recreational substance use was a risk factor for NG, syphilis, and TV. No STI was associated with PTB. CONCLUSIONS Unlike nationwide trends, no changes in STI prevalence during the study period were observed. The large proportion with unknown TV status underscores the need for increased adherence to screening guidelines. STIs diagnosed during pregnancy in PWH were not associated with risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Young
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carly Broadwell
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Kacanek
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ellen G Chadwick
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Powis
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Tassiopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn M Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Eshleman SH, Fogel JM, Halvas EK, Piwowar-Manning E, Marzinke MA, Kofron R, Wang Z, Mellors J, McCauley M, Rinehart AR, St Clair M, Adeyeye A, Hinojosa JC, Cabello R, Middelkoop K, Hanscom B, Cohen MS, Grinsztejn B, Landovitz RJ. HIV RNA Screening Reduces Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Risk in Persons Receiving Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2170-2180. [PMID: 36240386 PMCID: PMC10205624 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HPTN 083 trial demonstrated that long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) was superior to tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were detected in some participants with HIV infection. We used a low viral load INSTI genotyping assay to evaluate the timing of emergence of INSTI RAMs and assessed whether HIV screening with a sensitive RNA assay would have detected HIV infection before INSTI resistance emerged. METHODS Single-genome sequencing to detect INSTI RAMs was performed for samples with viral loads <500 copies/mL from 5 participants with previously identified INSTI RAMs and 2 with no prior genotyping results. RESULTS Major INSTI RAMs were detected in all 7 cases. HIV RNA testing identified infection before major INSTI RAMs emerged in 4 cases and before additional major INSTI RAMs accumulated in 1 case. Most INSTI RAMs were detected early when the viral load was low and CAB concentration was high. CONCLUSIONS When using CAB-LA PrEP, earlier detection of HIV infection with a sensitive RNA assay may allow for earlier treatment initiation with the potential to reduce INSTI resistance risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value and feasibility of HIV RNA testing with CAB-LA PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica M Fogel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias K Halvas
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Estelle Piwowar-Manning
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Kofron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Mellors
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alex R Rinehart
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marty St Clair
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adeola Adeyeye
- Prevention Science Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Keren Middelkoop
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brett Hanscom
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael J Landovitz
- Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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32
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Palumbo PJ, Grant-McAuley W, Grabowski MK, Zhang Y, Richardson P, Piwowar-Manning E, Sharma D, Clarke W, Laeyendecker O, Rose S, Ha TV, Dumchev K, Djoerban Z, Redd A, Hanscom B, Hoffman I, Miller WC, Eshleman SH. Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2181-2191. [PMID: 36346452 PMCID: PMC10205628 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 074 study evaluated an integrated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention strategy among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam. We previously detected multiple HIV infection in 3 of 7 (43%) of seroconverters with 3-8 HIV strains per person. In this report, we analyzed multiple HIV infection and HIV superinfection (SI) in the HPTN 074 cohort. METHODS We analyzed samples from 70 participants in Indonesia and Ukraine who had viral load >400 copies/mL at enrollment and the final study visit (median follow-up, 2.5 years). HIV was characterized with Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Additional methods were used to characterize a rare case of triple-variant SI. RESULTS At enrollment, multiple infection was detected in only 3 of 58 (5.2%) participants with env sequence data. SI was detected in only 1 of 70 participants over 172.3 person-years of follow-up (SI incidence, 0.58/100 person-years [95% confidence interval, .015-3.2]). The SI case involved acquisition of 3 HIV strains with rapid selection of a strain with a single pol region cluster. CONCLUSIONS These data from a large cohort of PWID suggest that intrahost viral selection and other factors may lead to underestimation of the frequency of multiple HIV infection and SI events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Palumbo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Grant-McAuley
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Division of Molecular & Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Estelle Piwowar-Manning
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deeksha Sharma
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Rose
- Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tran V Ha
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Zubairi Djoerban
- Departments of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrew Redd
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett Hanscom
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Irving Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William C Miller
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan H Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Olagunju A, Mathad J, Eke A, Delaney-Moretlwe S, Lockman S. Considerations for the Use of Long-Acting and Extended-Release Agents During Pregnancy and Lactation. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S571-S578. [PMID: 36410383 PMCID: PMC10200321 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting agents hold significant promise for treating and preventing common illnesses, including infections. Pharmacokinetic and safety data during pregnancy and lactation are often unavailable for new drugs; these data are vital to facilitate optimal drug use by pregnant and lactating women and women who may conceive. In this commentary, we summarize the circumstances in which pregnant and lactating women are likely to use and benefit from long-acting agents. We focus on long-acting formulations of small molecules (rather than biologics such as monoclonal antibodies) and on several infections of global importance (human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis C). We discuss pregnancy pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and potential safety and efficacy considerations pertaining to the use of long-acting agents in pregnancy and lactation. Finally, we summarize existing preclinical and pregnancy pharmacokinetic data that are available (or expected in the near future) for several agents that are under development or approved, and how key research gaps may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi Olagunju
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Mathad
- Department of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ahizechukwu Eke
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sinead Delaney-Moretlwe
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
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Roy S, Abudu A, Salinas I, Sinha N, Cline-Fedewa H, Yaw AM, Qi W, Lydic TA, Takahashi DL, Hennebold JD, Hoffmann HM, Wang J, Sen A. Androgen-mediated Perturbation of the Hepatic Circadian System Through Epigenetic Modulation Promotes NAFLD in PCOS Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657796. [PMID: 35933634 PMCID: PMC9419696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In women, excess androgen causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunctions including diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using a PCOS mouse model, this study shows that chronic high androgen levels cause hepatic steatosis while hepatocyte-specific androgen receptor (AR)-knockout rescues this phenotype. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing and metabolomic studies, we have identified key metabolic genes and pathways affected by hyperandrogenism. Our studies reveal that a large number of metabolic genes are directly regulated by androgens through AR binding to androgen response element sequences on the promoter region of these genes. Interestingly, a number of circadian genes are also differentially regulated by androgens. In vivo and in vitro studies using a circadian reporter [Period2::Luciferase (Per2::LUC)] mouse model demonstrate that androgens can directly disrupt the hepatic timing system, which is a key regulator of liver metabolism. Consequently, studies show that androgens decrease H3K27me3, a gene silencing mark on the promoter of core clock genes, by inhibiting the expression of histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, while inducing the expression of the histone demethylase, JMJD3, which is responsible for adding and removing the H3K27me3 mark, respectively. Finally, we report that under hyperandrogenic conditions, some of the same circadian/metabolic genes that are upregulated in the mouse liver are also elevated in nonhuman primate livers. In summary, these studies not only provide an overall understanding of how hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS affects liver gene expression and metabolism but also offer insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Yaw
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Meints SM, Garcia RG, Schuman-Olivier Z, Datko M, Desbordes G, Cornelius M, Edwards RR, Napadow V. The Effects of Combined Respiratory-Gated Auricular Vagal Afferent Nerve Stimulation and Mindfulness Meditation for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study. Pain Med 2022; 23:1570-1581. [PMID: 35148407 PMCID: PMC9434172 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Respiratory-gated Auricular Vagal Afferent Nerve stimulation (RAVANS) is a safe nonpharmacological approach to managing chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the feasibility and acceptability of RAVANS, combined with mindful meditation (MM) for chronic low back pain (CLBP), (2) the potential synergy of MM+RAVANS on improving pain, and (3) possible moderators of the influence of MM+RAVANS on pain. DESIGN Pilot feasibility and acceptability study. SETTING Pain management center at large academic medical center. SUBJECTS Nineteen adults with CLBP and previous MM training. METHODS Participants attended two sessions during which they completed quantitative sensory testing (QST), rated pain severity, and completed a MM+stimulation session. Participants received RAVANS during one visit and sham stimulation during the other, randomized in order. Following intervention, participants repeated QST. RESULTS MM+RAVANS was well tolerated, acceptable, and feasible to provide relief for CLBP. Both MM+stimulation sessions resulted in improved back pain severity, punctate pain ratings, and pressure pain threshold. Individuals with greater negative affect showed greater back pain improvement from MM+RAVANS while those with greater mindfulness showed greater back pain improvement from MM+sham. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that for CLBP patients with prior MM training, the analgesic effects of MM may have overshadowed effects of RAVANS given the brief single session MM+RAVANS intervention. However, those with greater negative affect may benefit from combined MM+RAVANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald G Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Datko
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaelle Desbordes
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marise Cornelius
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Bush M, Hatfield M, Schuh M, Balasuriya B, Mahairas A, Jacobs J, Studts C, Westgate P, Schoenberg N, Shinn J, Creel L. Communities Helping the Hearing of Infants by Reaching Parents (CHHIRP) through patient navigation: a hybrid implementation effectiveness stepped wedge trial protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054548. [PMID: 35440449 PMCID: PMC9020299 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the most common neonatal sensory disorder in the USA, infant hearing loss has an incidence of 1.7 per 1000 births. The consequences of delayed diagnosis and failure to obtain timely intervention include significant communication impairment and negative socioeconomic effects. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) national standards dictate that all infants should be screened and diagnosed by 3 months of age and there is a need for interventions that promote adherence to timely diagnosis. Patient navigation (PN) has been shown to be efficacious to decrease non-adherence with infant hearing diagnostic care; however, PN has yet to be tested in diverse communities or implemented into real-world settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The proposed research is a community-engaged, type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of a PN intervention aimed at decreasing infant hearing diagnosis non-adherence after failed newborn hearing screening, delivered in state-funded EHDI clinics. Guided by our community advisory board and partners, we aim to (1) test the effectiveness of PN to decrease non-adherence to receipt of infant hearing diagnosis within 3 months after birth using a stepped-wedge trial design, (2) investigate implementation outcomes and factors influencing implementation and (3) determine the cost-effectiveness of PN from the perspective of third-party payers. The study will be conducted from April 2019 until March 2024. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was approved by the University of Kentucky Institutional Review Board. Although all research involving human subjects contains some risk, there are no known serious risks anticipated from participating in this study. We will seek to disseminate our results in a systematic fashion to patients, key stakeholder, policymakers and the scientific community. Our results will impact the field by partnering with communities to inform the scale-up of this innovative patient supportive intervention to create efficient and effective EHDI programmes and maximise public health impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov (Pre-results phase): NCT03875339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bush
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miranda Hatfield
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marissa Schuh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Beverly Balasuriya
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anthony Mahairas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina Studts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Westgate
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nancy Schoenberg
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jennifer Shinn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Liza Creel
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Eisinger RW, Lerner AM, Fauci AS. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Juxtaposition of 2 Pandemics. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1455-1461. [PMID: 33825905 PMCID: PMC8083774 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), interfering with critical health services for HIV prevention, treatment, and care. While there are multiple profiles of persons living with HIV and the impact of COVID-19 may differ for each, the severity of COVID-19 in persons with HIV is related strongly to the presence of comorbidities that increase the risk of severe disease in COVID-19 patients in the absence of HIV. An effective response to the juxtaposition of the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics requires a novel coordinated and collaborative global effort of scientists, industry, and community partners to accelerate basic and clinical research, as well as implementation science to operationalize evidence-based interventions expeditiously in real-world settings. Accelerated development and clinical evaluation of prevention and treatment countermeasures are urgently needed to mitigate the juxtaposition of the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Eisinger
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea M Lerner
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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38
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Schreck KC, Morin A, Zhao G, Allen AN, Flannery P, Glantz M, Green AL, Jones C, Jones KL, Kilburn LB, Nazemi KJ, Samuel D, Sanford B, Solomon DA, Wang J, Pratilas CA, Nicolaides T, Mulcahy Levy JM. Deconvoluting Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitors in BRAF V600E-Mutant Human Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6197-6208. [PMID: 34433654 PMCID: PMC8595717 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective RAF-targeted therapy is effective in some patients with BRAFV600E-mutated glioma, though emergent and adaptive resistance occurs through ill-defined mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Paired pre-/post- RAF inhibitor (RAFi)-treated glioma samples (N = 15) were obtained and queried for treatment-emergent genomic alterations using DNA and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Functional validation of putative resistance mechanisms was performed using established and patient-derived BRAFV600E-mutant glioma cell lines. RESULTS Analysis of 15 tissue sample pairs identified 13 alterations conferring putative resistance were identified among nine paired samples (including mutations involving ERRFI1, BAP1, ANKHD1, and MAP2K1). We performed functional validation of mechanisms of resistance, including loss of NF1, PTEN, or CBL, in BRAFV600E-mutant glioma lines, and demonstrate they are capable of conferring resistance in vitro. Knockdown of CBL resulted in increased EGFR expression and phosphorylation, a possible mechanism for maintaining ERK signaling within the cell. Combination therapy with a MEKi or EGFR inhibitor was able to overcome resistance to BRAFi, in NF1 knockdown and CBL knockdown, respectively. Restoration of wild-type PTEN in B76 cells (PTEN-/-) restored sensitivity to BRAFi. We identified and validated CRAF upregulation as a mechanism of resistance in one resistant sample. RNA-seq analysis identified two emergent expression patterns in resistant samples, consistent with expression patterns of known glioma subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Resistance mechanisms to BRAFi in glioma are varied and may predict effective precision combinations of targeted therapy, highlighting the importance of a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa C Schreck
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Morin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Amy N Allen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick Flannery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam L Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lindsay B Kilburn
- Division of Oncology and the Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kellie J Nazemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Samuel
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, California
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiawan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Jack A, Ferro LS, Trnka MJ, Wehri E, Nadgir A, Nguyenla X, Fox D, Costa K, Stanley S, Schaletzky J, Yildiz A. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forms condensates with viral genomic RNA. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001425. [PMID: 34634033 PMCID: PMC8553124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that seriously threatens global health. SARS-CoV-2 propagates by packaging its RNA genome into membrane enclosures in host cells. The packaging of the viral genome into the nascent virion is mediated by the nucleocapsid (N) protein, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the N protein forms biomolecular condensates with viral genomic RNA both in vitro and in mammalian cells. While the N protein forms spherical assemblies with homopolymeric RNA substrates that do not form base pairing interactions, it forms asymmetric condensates with viral RNA strands. Cross-linking mass spectrometry (CLMS) identified a region that drives interactions between N proteins in condensates, and deletion of this region disrupts phase separation. We also identified small molecules that alter the size and shape of N protein condensates and inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells. These results suggest that the N protein may utilize biomolecular condensation to package the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome into a viral particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jack
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Luke S. Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Trnka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eddie Wehri
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Amrut Nadgir
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Xammy Nguyenla
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Fox
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Costa
- Press West Illustrations, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Schaletzky
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Sang Y, Mishra S, Tassinari F, Karuppannan SK, Carmieli R, Teo RD, Migliore A, Beratan DN, Gray HB, Pecht I, Fransson J, Waldeck DH, Naaman R. Temperature Dependence of Charge and Spin Transfer in Azurin. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2021; 125:9875-9883. [PMID: 34055128 PMCID: PMC8154855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The steady-state charge and spin transfer yields were measured for three different Ru-modified azurin derivatives in protein films on silver electrodes. While the charge-transfer yields exhibit weak temperature dependences, consistent with operation of a near activation-less mechanism, the spin selectivity of the electron transfer improves as temperature increases. This enhancement of spin selectivity with temperature is explained by a vibrationally induced spin exchange interaction between the Cu(II) and its chiral ligands. These results indicate that distinct mechanisms control charge and spin transfer within proteins. As with electron charge transfer, proteins deliver polarized electron spins with a yield that depends on the protein's structure. This finding suggests a new role for protein structure in biochemical redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suryakant Mishra
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ruijie D. Teo
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Agostino Migliore
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Israel Pecht
- Department
of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jonas Fransson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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41
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Appau A, Drope J, Goma F, Magati P, Labonte R, Makoka D, Zulu R, Li Q, Lencucha R. Explaining Why Farmers Grow Tobacco: Evidence From Malawi, Kenya, and Zambia. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:2238-2245. [PMID: 31608412 PMCID: PMC7733062 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco production continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries creating complications for tobacco control efforts. There is the need to understand and address the global tobacco leaf supply as a means of decreasing tobacco consumption and improving farmers livelihoods in line with Article 17 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This study aims to understand the reasons why farmers grow tobacco and identify factors that influence these reasons. METHODS Primary survey data (N = 1770) collected in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia in the 2013-2014 farming season. Data analysis uses both descriptive and multinomial logistical regression methods. RESULTS Majority of farmers started and are currently growing tobacco because they believed it was the only economically viable crop. Compared with Malawi, farmers in Kenya and Zambia have a 0.2 and 0.4 lower probability of growing tobacco, respectively because they perceive it as the only economically viable crop, but a 0.04 and 0.2 higher probability of growing tobacco, respectively because they believe it is highly lucrative. There are district/county differences in the reasons provided with some districts having a majority of the farmers citing the existence of a ready market or incentives from the tobacco industry. Statistically significant factors influencing these reasons are the educational level and age of the household head, land allocated to tobacco and debts. CONCLUSION There is the need to address the unique features of each district to increase successful uptake of alternative livelihoods. One consistent finding is that farmers' perceived economic viability contributes to tobacco growing. IMPLICATIONS This study finds that perceived economic viability of tobacco is the dominant factor in the decisions to grow tobacco by smallholder farmers in Malawi, Kenya, and Zambia. There is the need to more deeply understand what contributes to farmers' perceived viability of a crop. Understanding and addressing these factors may increase the successful uptake of alternative livelihoods to tobacco. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that a one-size fits all alternative livelihood intervention is less likely to be effective as each district has unique features affecting farmers' decisions on growing tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Appau
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Economic and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Fastone Goma
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Magati
- Economic and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ronald Labonte
- Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Donald Makoka
- Centre for Agricultural Research and Development, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Richard Zulu
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Qing Li
- Economic and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Raphael Lencucha
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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42
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Barnes KM, Fan L, Moyle MW, Brittin CA, Xu Y, Colón-Ramos DA, Santella A, Bao Z. Cadherin preserves cohesion across involuting tissues during C. elegans neurulation. eLife 2020; 9:e58626. [PMID: 33030428 PMCID: PMC7544503 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The internalization of the central nervous system, termed neurulation in vertebrates, is a critical step in embryogenesis. Open questions remain regarding how force propels coordinated tissue movement during the process, and little is known as to how internalization happens in invertebrates. We show that in C. elegans morphogenesis, apical constriction in the retracting pharynx drives involution of the adjacent neuroectoderm. HMR-1/cadherin mediates this process via inter-tissue attachment, as well as cohesion within the neuroectoderm. Our results demonstrate that HMR-1 is capable of mediating embryo-wide reorganization driven by a centrally located force generator, and indicate a non-canonical use of cadherin on the basal side of an epithelium that may apply to vertebrate neurulation. Additionally, we highlight shared morphology and gene expression in tissues driving involution, which suggests that neuroectoderm involution in C. elegans is potentially homologous with vertebrate neurulation and thus may help elucidate the evolutionary origin of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher M Barnes
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Li Fan
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mark W Moyle
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Brittin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yichi Xu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto RicoSan JuanUnited States
| | - Anthony Santella
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Molecular Cytology Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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43
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Cohen JD, Sparacio AP, Belfi AC, Forman-Rubinsky R, Hall DH, Maul-Newby H, Frand AR, Sundaram MV. A multi-layered and dynamic apical extracellular matrix shapes the vulva lumen in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:e57874. [PMID: 32975517 PMCID: PMC7544507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological tubes must develop and maintain their proper diameter to transport materials efficiently. These tubes are molded and protected in part by apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) that line their lumens. Despite their importance, aECMs are difficult to image in vivo and therefore poorly understood. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva has been a paradigm for understanding many aspects of organogenesis. Here we describe the vulva luminal matrix, which contains chondroitin proteoglycans, Zona Pellucida (ZP) domain proteins, and other glycoproteins and lipid transporters related to those in mammals. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed, with unprecedented detail, a complex and dynamic aECM. Different matrix factors assemble on the apical surfaces of each vulva cell type, with clear distinctions seen between Ras-dependent (1°) and Notch-dependent (2°) cell types. Genetic perturbations suggest that chondroitin and other aECM factors together generate a structured scaffold that both expands and constricts lumen shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Cohen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alessandro P Sparacio
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alexandra C Belfi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rachel Forman-Rubinsky
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Hannah Maul-Newby
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alison R Frand
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Meera V Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
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44
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Lencucha R, Moyo T, Labonte R, Drope J, Appau A, Makoka D. Shifting from tobacco growing to alternatives in Malawi? A qualitative analysis of policy and perspectives. Health Policy Plan 2020; 35:810-818. [PMID: 32525201 PMCID: PMC8060983 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is the primary export commodity in Malawi and an important contributor to foreign earnings. The entrenchment of tobacco interests within government has partly explained why Malawi has lagged in its efforts to address the health consequences of tobacco and has been a vocal opponent of global tobacco control. Despite the extensive historical and entrenched relationship between the economy of Malawi and tobacco production, there have been important shifts at the highest policy levels towards the need to explore diversification in the agricultural sector. There is explicit recognition that alternatives to tobacco production must be pursued. This study provides an analysis of the policies and perspectives that characterize contemporary government approaches to tobacco and alternatives in Malawi by interviewing key government officials working on tobacco policy and reviewing recent policy documents. This research finds that there is openness and movement towards reducing tobacco growing in Malaw, including efforts to reduce tobacco dependency. Rather than a singular tobacco policy discourse in the country, there is a somewhat conflictual set of policies and perspectives on the future of tobacco in Malawi. Informing these policies and perspectives is the interplay between the economics of agricultural production (tobacco vs other crops), global markets (ranging from the ability to generate export earnings to the inability to compete with wealthier countries' non-tobacco crop subsidies) and the lack of developed supply and value chains other than those created by the transnational tobacco industry. The implications for government policy supporting a move away from tobacco dependence are not straightforward: there is a need to fill the supply chain gap for alternative crops, which requires not only strong intersectoral support within the country (and some challenge to the residual pro-tobacco narratives) but also international support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lencucha
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Hosmer House, 3630 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
| | - Takondwa Moyo
- Center for Agricultural Research and Development, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, P.O. Box 219, Malawi
| | - Ronald Labonte
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- American Cancer Society, Economic and Health Policy Research, Atlanta, 250 Williams Street Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Adriana Appau
- PolicyWise for Children and Families, 609 14 St NW #402, Calgary, AB T2N 2A1, Canada
| | - Donald Makoka
- Center for Agricultural Research and Development, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, P.O. Box 219, Malawi
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Brochu HN, Tseng E, Smith E, Thomas MJ, Jones AM, Diveley KR, Law L, Hansen SG, Picker LJ, Gale M, Peng X. Systematic Profiling of Full-Length Ig and TCR Repertoire Diversity in Rhesus Macaque through Long Read Transcriptome Sequencing. J Immunol 2020; 204:3434-3444. [PMID: 32376650 PMCID: PMC7276939 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of Ig and TCR repertoires is a focal point of immunological studies. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are key for modeling human immune responses, placing critical importance on the accurate annotation and quantification of their Ig and TCR repertoires. However, because of incomplete reference resources, the coverage and accuracy of the traditional targeted amplification strategies for profiling rhesus Ig and TCR repertoires are largely unknown. In this study, using long read sequencing, we sequenced four Indian-origin rhesus macaque tissues and obtained high-quality, full-length sequences for over 6000 unique Ig and TCR transcripts, without the need for sequence assembly. We constructed, to our knowledge, the first complete reference set for the constant regions of all known isotypes and chain types of rhesus Ig and TCR repertoires. We show that sequence diversity exists across the entire variable regions of rhesus Ig and TCR transcripts. Consequently, existing strategies using targeted amplification of rearranged variable regions comprised of V(D)J gene segments miss a significant fraction (27-53% and 42-49%) of rhesus Ig/TCR diversity. To overcome these limitations, we designed new rhesus-specific assays that remove the need for primers conventionally targeting variable regions and allow single cell level Ig and TCR repertoire analysis. Our improved approach will enable future studies to fully capture rhesus Ig and TCR repertoire diversity and is applicable for improving annotations in any model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden N Brochu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | | | - Elise Smith
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Aiden M Jones
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Genetics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Kayleigh R Diveley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Genetics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Lynn Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121; and
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607;
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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46
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zirui Song
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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47
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Knight AK, Dunlop AL, Kilaru V, Cobb D, Corwin EJ, Conneely KN, Smith AK. Characterization of gene expression changes over healthy term pregnancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204228. [PMID: 30303981 PMCID: PMC6179206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, women experience numerous physiological changes but, to date, there is limited published data that characterize accompanying changes in gene expression over pregnancy. This study sought to characterize the complexity of the transcriptome over the course of pregnancy among women with healthy pregnancies. Subjects provided a venous blood sample during early (6-15 weeks) and late (22-33 weeks) pregnancy, which was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells prior to RNA extraction. Gene expression was examined for 63 women with uncomplicated, term deliveries. We evaluated the association between weeks gestation at sample collection and expression of each transcript. Of the 16,311 transcripts evaluated, 439 changed over pregnancy after a Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons. Genes whose expression increased over pregnancy were associated with oxygen transport, the immune system, and host response to bacteria. Characterization of changes in the transcriptome over the course of healthy term pregnancies may enable the identification of genes whose expression predicts complications or adverse outcomes of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dawayland Cobb
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Fisher BS, Green RR, Brown RR, Wood MP, Hensley-McBain T, Fisher C, Chang J, Miller AD, Bosche WJ, Lifson JD, Mavigner M, Miller CJ, Gale M, Silvestri G, Chahroudi A, Klatt NR, Sodora DL. Liver macrophage-associated inflammation correlates with SIV burden and is substantially reduced following cART. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006871. [PMID: 29466439 PMCID: PMC5837102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality during HIV infection, despite the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The precise mechanisms of liver disease during HIV infection are poorly understood partially due to the difficulty in obtaining human liver samples as well as the presence of confounding factors (e.g. hepatitis co-infection, alcohol use). Utilizing the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model, a controlled study was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with liver inflammation and the impact of cART. We observed an increase in hepatic macrophages during untreated SIV infection that was associated with a number of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators (TNFα, CCL3, TGFβ). Moreover, an upregulation in the macrophage chemoattractant factor CCL2 was detected in the livers of SIV-infected macaques that coincided with an increase in the number of activated CD16+ monocyte/macrophages and T cells expressing the cognate receptor CCR2. Expression of Mac387 on monocyte/macrophages further indicated that these cells recently migrated to the liver. The hepatic macrophage and T cell levels strongly correlated with liver SIV DNA levels, and were not associated with the levels of 16S bacterial DNA. Utilizing in situ hybridization, SIV-infected cells were found primarily within portal triads, and were identified as T cells. Microarray analysis identified a strong antiviral transcriptomic signature in the liver during SIV infection. In contrast, macaques treated with cART exhibited lower levels of liver macrophages and had a substantial, but not complete, reduction in their inflammatory profile. In addition, residual SIV DNA and bacteria 16S DNA were detected in the livers during cART, implicating the liver as a site on-going immune activation during antiretroviral therapy. These findings provide mechanistic insights regarding how SIV infection promotes liver inflammation through macrophage recruitment, with implications for in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S. Fisher
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formally Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel R. Brown
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formally Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Wood
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formally Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Hensley-McBain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cole Fisher
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formally Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jean Chang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - William J. Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maud Mavigner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charlene J. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Research Center and, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Emory Vaccine Research Center and, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Sodora
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formally Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Sullivan C, Lage CR, Yoder JA, Postlethwait JH, Kim CH. Evolutionary divergence of the vertebrate TNFAIP8 gene family: Applying the spotted gar orthology bridge to understand ohnolog loss in teleosts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179517. [PMID: 28658311 PMCID: PMC5489176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative functional genomic studies require the proper identification of gene orthologs to properly exploit animal biomedical research models. To identify gene orthologs, comprehensive, conserved gene synteny analyses are necessary to unwind gene histories that are convoluted by two rounds of early vertebrate genome duplication, and in the case of the teleosts, a third round, the teleost genome duplication (TGD). Recently, the genome of the spotted gar, a holostean outgroup to the teleosts that did not undergo this third genome duplication, was sequenced and applied as an orthology bridge to facilitate the identification of teleost orthologs to human genes and to enhance the power of teleosts as biomedical models. In this study, we apply the spotted gar orthology bridge to help describe the gene history of the vertebrate TNFAIP8 family. Members of the TNFAIP8 gene family have been linked to regulation of immune function and homeostasis and the development of multiple cancer types. Through a conserved gene synteny analysis, we identified zebrafish orthologs to human TNFAIP8L1 and TNFAIP8L3 genes and two co-orthologs to human TNFAIP8L2, but failed to identify an ortholog to human TNFAIP8. Through the application of the orthology bridge, we determined that teleost orthologs to human TNFAIP8 genes were likely lost in a genome inversion event after their divergence from their common ancestor with spotted gar. These findings demonstrate the value of this enhanced approach to gene history analysis and support the development of teleost models to study complex questions related to an array of biomedical issues, including immunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CS); (CHK)
| | - Christopher R. Lage
- Program in Biology, University of Maine - Augusta, Augusta, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John H. Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carol H. Kim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CS); (CHK)
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