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Haider MB, Saeed A, Ahmed A, Azeem M, Ismail H, Mehmood S, Taslimi P, Shah SAA, Irfan M, El-Seedi HR. Exploring Acyl Thiotriazinoindole Based Pharmacophores: Design, Synthesis, and SAR Studies with Molecular Docking and Biological Activity Profiling against Urease, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Targets. Protein J 2024:10.1007/s10930-024-10229-6. [PMID: 39222239 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A diminutive chemical library of acyl thiotriazinoindole (ATTI) based bioactive scaffolds was synthesized, instigated by taking the economical starting material Isatin, through a series of five steps. Isatin was first nitrated followed by the attachment of pentyl moiety via nucleophilic substitution reaction. The obtained compound was reacted with thiosemicarbazide to obtain thiosemicarbazone derivative, which was eventually cyclized using basic conditions in water as solvent. Finally, the reported series was obtained through reaction of nitrated thiotriazinoindole moiety with differently substituted phenacyl bromides. The synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Finally, the synthesized motifs were scrutinized for their potential to impede urease, α-glucosidase, DPPH, and α-amylase. Compound 5 h with para cyano group manifested the most pivotal biological activity among all, displaying IC50 values of 29.7 ± 0.8, 20.5 ± 0.5 and 36.8 ± 3.9 µM against urease, α-glucosidase, and DPPH assay, respectively. Simultaneously, for α-amylase compound 5 g possessing a p-CH3 at phenyl ring unfolded as most active, with calculated IC50 values 90.3 ± 1.1 µM. The scaffolds were additionally gauged for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. Among the tested strains, 5d having bromo as substituent exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, while it also demonstrated the highest potency against Aspergillus fumigatus. Other derivatives 5b, 5e, 5i, and 5j also exhibited dual inhibition against both antibacterial and antifungal strains. The interaction pattern of derivatives clearly displayed their SAR, and their docking scores were correlated with their IC50 values. In molecular docking studies, the importance of interactions like hydrogen bonding was further asserted. The electronic factors of various substituents engendered variety of interactions between the ligands and targets implying their importance in the structures of the synthesized heterocyclic scaffolds. To conclude, the synthesized compounds had satisfactory biological activity against various important targets. Further studies are therefore encouraged by attachment of different substitutions in the structure at various positions to enhance the activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Bilal Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sabba Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Madiha Irfan
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 42351, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Saeed A, Ahmed A, Haider MB, Ismail H, Hayat K, Shabir G, El-Seedi HR. Novel pyrazoline linked acyl thiourea pharmacophores as antimicrobial, urease, amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, SAR and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1018-1033. [PMID: 38174269 PMCID: PMC10759180 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a small library of novel pyrazolinyl-acyl thiourea (5a-j) was designed and synthesized through a multistep sequence and the synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities as well as urease, amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The synthesized series (5a-o) was characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. All compounds (5a-j) were found to have significant potency against urease, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and DPPH. The synthesized compounds were also screened for potential antibacterial and anti-fungal inhibition activities. IC50 values for all the prepared compounds for urease, α-glucosidase, amylase, and DPPH inhibition were determined and derivatives 5b and 5g were found to be the most potent urease inhibitors with IC50 values of 54.2 ± 0.32 and 43.6 ± 0.25 μM, respectively. Whilst compound 5b (IC50 = 68.3 ± 0.11 μM) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, compound 5f (90.3 ± 1.08 μM) is a potent amylase inhibitor and compound 5b (103.4 ± 1.15 μM) is a potent antioxidant. The different substitutions on the phenyl ring were the basis for structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The molecular docking study was performed for the confirmation of binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Main Bilal Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Research Centre for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia
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Zahra FT, Saeed A, Ahmed A, Ismail H, Ijaz MU, Albericio F. Synthesis of amantadine clubbed N-aryl amino thiazoles as potent urease, α-amylase & α-glucosidase inhibitors, kinetic and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24988-25001. [PMID: 37614781 PMCID: PMC10442672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of ten novel compounds were synthesized by incorporating a 1,3 thiazole core into amantadine and their structures were validated using different analytical and spectral methods such as FTIR, EI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory properties of these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated. Remarkably, the compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, the in vitro inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds, against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and urease were investigated. Among the tested compounds, compound 6d demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of α-amylase IC50 = 97.37 ± 1.52 μM, while acarbose was used as positive control and exhibited IC50 = 5.17 ± 0.25 μM. Compound 6d and 6e exhibited prominent inhibition against α-glucosidase IC50 = 38.73 ± 0.80 μM and 41.63 ± 0.26 μM respectively. Furthermore, compound 6d inhibited urease with exceptional efficacy IC50 = 32.76 μM, while positive control thiourea showed more prominent activity having IC50 = 1.334 μM. Molecular docking studies disclosed the binding mechanism and affinity of these new inhibitors within the binding sites of various amino acids. To investigate the association between molecular structural characteristics and inhibitory actions of synthesized derivatives, preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed. These findings indicated that compounds 6a, 6c, 6d and 6e are potential candidates for hit-to-lead follow-up in the drug-discovery process for treating diabetes and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptides Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Kumar S, Choudhary M. New nickel( ii) Schiff base complexes as potential tools against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron target proteins: an in silico approach. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the in silico design and synthesis of two new nickel(ii) coordination complexes, based on Schiff bases derived from the 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, Bihar, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, Bihar, India
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Dinda R, Majumder S, Mohanty M, Mohapatra D, Aradhana Patra S, Parida R, Giri S, Reuter H, Kausar C, Kumar Patra S. Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of azo-hydrazones: Structural investigation, DNA binding and cytotoxicity studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koukab S, Rashid N, Ahmad I, Nadeem H, Ismail H. Synthesis, in-Silico studies, and in-Vitro bio-evaluation of new bi-thiacoumarins. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsebrikova GS, Rogacheva YI, Ivanova IS, Ilyukhin AB, Soloviev VP, Demina LI, Baulin VE, Tsivadze AY. Synthesis and Complexation Properties of 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylphosphonic Acid (H3L1). Crystal Structure of the [Cu(H2L1)2(Н2О)2] Complex. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid (H3L1) and the complex [Cu(H2L1)2(H2O)2] were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The polyhedron of the copper atom is an axially elongated square bipyramid with oxygen atoms of phenolic and of monodeprotonated phosphonic groups at the base and oxygen atoms of water molecules at the vertices. The protonation constants of the H3L1 acid and the stability constants of its Cu2+ complexes in water were determined by potentiometric titration. The protonation constants of the acid in water are significantly influenced by the intramolecular hydrogen bond and the methoxy group. The H3L1 acid forms complexes CuL‒ and CuL24‒ with Cu2+ in water.
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Soares Castro A, Henrique Pinke Rodrigues C, Manoel Teles de Menezes M, Beatriz Defendi da Silva A, Thais Bruni A, Firmino de Oliveira M. Fe(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) salen Schiff base complexes: Proposal for a voltammetric sensor to analyze cocaine hydrochloride and its interferents. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ramotowska S, Ciesielska A, Makowski M. What Can Electrochemical Methods Offer in Determining DNA-Drug Interactions? Molecules 2021; 26:3478. [PMID: 34200473 PMCID: PMC8201389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of compounds with DNA have been studied since the recognition of the role of nucleic acid in organisms. The design of molecules which specifically interact with DNA sequences allows for the control of the gene expression. Determining the type and strength of such interaction is an indispensable element of pharmaceutical studies. Cognition of the therapeutic action mechanisms is particularly important for designing new drugs. Owing to their sensitivity, simplicity, and low costs, electrochemical methods are increasingly used for this type of research. Compared to other techniques, they require a small number of samples and are characterized by a high reliability. These methods can provide information about the type of interaction and the binding strength, as well as the damage caused by biologically active molecules targeting the cellular DNA. This review paper summarizes the various electrochemical approaches used for the study of the interactions between pharmaceuticals and DNA. The main focus is on the papers from the last decade, with particular attention on the voltammetric techniques. The most preferred experimental approaches, the electrode materials and the new methods of modification are presented. The data on the detection ranges, the binding modes and the binding constant values of pharmaceuticals are summarized. Both the importance of the presented research and the importance of future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariusz Makowski
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (S.R.); (A.C.)
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Synthesis of Functional Silver Nanoparticles and Microparticles with Modifiers and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activity. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040076. [PMID: 33113975 PMCID: PMC7711460 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence reports the synthesis and biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles. However, the studies regarding the use of maleic acid and citric acid in the synthesis of nano-sized silver particles (AgNPs) and micro-sized silver particles (AgMPs) as well as their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities have not been reported. In the current study, we synthesized AgNPs and AgMPs using maleic acid and citric acid as capping agents and have characterized them by UV-Vis, energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The capped silver particles were examined for their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against bacteria, fungi, and brine shrimp. Additionally, the anticancer activity of these particles was tested against human breast and liver cancer cell lines. The free radical scavenging activity of capped silver particles was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. SEM analysis revealed a round plate-like morphology of maleic acid capped particles with an average size of 39 ± 4 nm, whereas citric acid capped particles display flower-shaped morphology with rough surfaces and an average size of 250 ± 5 nm. The uncapped AgMPs were hexagonal with 500 ± 4 nm size. EDS and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and face-centered cubic crystalline nature, respectively. Functionally, capped silver particles exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella setubal, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens). The bactericidal activity was more active against Gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 5 ppm as compared to 25 ppm for Gram-positive. Similarly, the silver particles demonstrated antifungal activity by inhibiting the growth of five fungal strains (Mucor species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium solani) up to 50% at the concentration of 500 ppm. Additionally, these particles showed substantial toxicity against brine shrimp and also significantly inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer (MCF7) and liver cancer (HePG2) cell lines (IC50 8.9-18.56 µM). Uncapped AgMPs were less effective, inhibiting only the proliferation of MCF7 cells with IC50 46.54 µM. Besides cytotoxicity, these particles acted as potential antioxidants, showing free radical scavenging up to 74.4% in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our results showed that the modifiers affect the shape and size of silver particles and may, in part, contribute to the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of silver particles. However, the contribution of maleic acid and citric acid in enhancing the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant potential independent of silver nano and microparticles needs to be studied further. In vivo experiments may determine the therapeutic effectiveness of silver particles capped with these modifiers.
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Development of a new electrochemical DNA biosensor based on Eu 3+-doped NiO for determination of amsacrine as an anti-cancer drug: Electrochemical, spectroscopic and docking studies. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1133:48-57. [PMID: 32993873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present research reported a new electrochemical biosensor based on ds-DNA/Eu3+ doped NiO/CPE to detect amsacrine. Therefore, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, docking, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been used to study the interactions between amsacrine and dsDNA. Then, experimental parameters affected DNA immobilization and interactions between amsacrine and ds-DNA have been optimized. Afterwards, guanine oxidation peak current of ds-DNA has been chosen as a signal to analyze amsacrine in a concentration ranging between 0.1 and 100.0 μM and finally, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μM has been calculated at optimal condition. Ultimately, it was found that the suggested biosensor is able to determine amsacrine in human serum and urine samples successfully.
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Tavassoli M, Montazerozohori M, Masoudiasl A, Akbari Z, Doert T, Vazquez Lopez E, Fatemi S. Synthesis, spectral analysis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analyses, thermal behavior of two new nickel complexes and usage as precursor for preparation of Ni/NiO nanoparticles. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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A new electrochemical DNA biosensor based on modified carbon paste electrode using graphene quantum dots and ionic liquid for determination of topotecan. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Topkaya SN, Cetin AE. Determination of Electrochemical Interaction between 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl) Phenol and DNA Sequences. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Nur Topkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyIzmir Katip Celebi University 35620, Cigli Izmir TURKEY
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Bahron H, Khaidir SS, Tajuddin AM, Ramasamy K, Yamin BM. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of mono- and dinuclear Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes of a Schiff base derived from o-vanillin. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Puchoňová M, Matejová S, Jorík V, Šalitroš I, Švorc Ľ, Mazúr M, Moncoľ J, Valigura D. Two versatile salicylatocopper(II) complexes: Structure, spectral, magnetic, electrochemical properties and SOD mimetic activity. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Synthesis of polar unique 3d metal-imine complexes of salicylidene anthranilate sodium salt. Homogeneous catalytic and corrosion inhibition performance. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Marcinkowski D, Fik MA, Łuczak T, Kubicki M, Patroniak V. New Mn(II) complexes with benzoxazole-based ligands: Synthesis, structure and their electrochemical behavior. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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