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Cabello-Alvarado CJ, Andrade-Guel M, Pérez-Alvarez M, Cadenas-Pliego G, Bartolo-Pérez P, Martínez-Carrillo D, Quiñones-Jurado ZV. Green Flame-Retardant Blend Used to Improve the Antiflame Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1317. [PMID: 38794510 PMCID: PMC11126108 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The flammability properties of polymers and polymeric composites play an important role in ensuring the safety of humans and the environment; moreover, flame-retardant materials ensure a greater number of applications. In the present study, we report the obtaining of polypropylene (PP) composites contain a mixture of two green flame retardants, lignin and clinoptilolite, by melt extrusion. These additives are abundantly found in nature. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), cone calorimetry, UL-94, and carbonized residues analysis were carried out. TGA analysis shows that PPGFR-10 and PPGFR-20 compounds presented better thermal stability with respect to PP without flame retardants. The conical calorimetric evaluation of the composites showed that PPGFR-10 and PPGFR-20 presented decreases in peak heat release rates (HRRs) of 9.75% and 11.88%, respectively. The flammability of the composites was evaluated with the UL-94 standard, and only the PPGFR-20 composite presented the V-0 and 5VB classification, which indicates good flame-retardant properties. Additives in the polymer matrix showed good dispersion with few agglomerates. The PPGFR-20 composite showed an FRI value of 1.15, higher percentage of carbonized residues, and UL-94 V-0 and 5VB rating, suggesting some kind of synergy between lignin and clinoptilolite, but only at high flame-retardant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Cabello-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (C.J.C.-A.); (M.P.-A.)
- CONAHCYT—Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Marlene Andrade-Guel
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (C.J.C.-A.); (M.P.-A.)
| | - Marissa Pérez-Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (C.J.C.-A.); (M.P.-A.)
| | - Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (C.J.C.-A.); (M.P.-A.)
| | - Pascual Bartolo-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Diego Martínez-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Geociencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Nueva Rosita 26830, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Zoe V. Quiñones-Jurado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34120, Durango, Mexico;
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Wen Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Pei H. Synergistic Effect of 4A Molecular Sieve on Intumescent Ternary H-Bonded Complex in Flame-Retarding of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020374. [PMID: 36679255 PMCID: PMC9861832 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a ternary hydrogen (H)-bonded complex intumescent flame retardant (TH-IFR) of melamine (ME) · phosphoric acid (PA)…pentaerythritol (PER) was synthesized through hydrothermal reaction. The combination of the synthesized TH-IFR with 4A molecular sieve as the synergist was used for the first time to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). The involved structure, morphology, flame retardancy, flame-retarding mechanism and mechanical properties of the prepared PP composites were systematically investigated. The results show that incorporation of 1 wt% synergist 4A shows the optimum synergistic effect, and the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the flame-retarded (FR) PP composites are significantly improved. Incorporation of 4A could change the pyrolysis process of the entire system and promote the char-forming chemical interaction, thereby further enhancing the flame retardancy of FR PP composite. The synergistically flame-retarding mechanism of 4A is explained by the significantly improved quality and quantity of the solid-phase char layer, which is formed through generation of SiO2 and Al2O3 substances, and also participation of PP macromolecular chains in the final char layer formation during burning. Furthermore, the improved dispersion and compatibility of TH-IFR in the composite is largely beneficial to the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
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3
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Albayrak Hacioglu O, Tasdelen MA. Synergistic effect of organically modified sepiolite clay in intumescent flame retardant polyolefin elastomer-based cable outer sheath compounds. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Qiu J, Huang C, Yang J, Wang T, Xu G. Preparation of modified ammonium polyphosphate blended aqueous boron phenolic resin and its application to insulating paper. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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6
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Shen R, Quan Y, Zhang Z, Ma R, Wang Q. Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Shen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Rong Ma
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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7
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Novel Micronized Mica Modified Casein–Aluminum Hydroxide as Fire Retardant Coatings for Wood Products. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable coating solutions that function as a fire retardant for wood are still a challenging topic for the academic and industrial sectors. In this study, composite coatings of casein protein mixed with mica and aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) were tested as fire retardants for wood and plywood; coating degradation and fire retardancy performance were assessed with a cone calorimeter, and a thermogravimeter was used for the thermal stability measurement. The results indicated that casein–mica composites were beneficial as coatings. The heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat released (THR) of the sample coated with casein–mica composite were reduced by 55% and 37%, respectively; the time to ignition was increased by 27% compared to the untreated sample. However, the TTI of the sample coated with the casein–mica–ATH composite was increased by 156%; the PHR and THR were reduced by 31% and 28%, respectively. This is attributed to the yielded insulating surface layer, active catalytic sites, and the crosslink from mica and endothermic decomposition of ATH and casein producing different fragments which create multiple modes of action, leading to significant roles in suppressing fire spread. The multiple modes of action involved in the prepared composites are presented in detail. Coating wear resistance was investigated using a Taber Abrader, and adhesion interaction between wood and a coated composite were investigated by applying a pull-off test. While the addition of the three filler types to casein caused a decrease in the pull-off adhesion strength by up to 38%, their abrasion resistance was greatly increased by as much as 80%.
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Shi Z, Yu R, Lou S, Li N, Liu J, Xing H, Ma L, Li M, Tang T. A new strategy for constructing polypropylene composite foams with excellent ablation resistance and flame retardancy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Influence of the Process of Synthesis of Zeolites from Volcanic Ash in Its Synergistic Action as a Flame-Retardant for Polypropylene Composites. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the influence of natural zeolites obtained from the volcanic ash of the Ubinas volcano has been studied as synergistic agents in a flame-retardant system (composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and polypropylene). Four zeolites were synthesized from volcanic ash, including those that had been calcined and those that had not. These were then placed in an alkaline solution at three synthesis temperatures. Zeolites were characterized through X-ray diffraction, specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and scanning electron microscopy. Polypropylene matrix composites were prepared with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and zeolites at 1, 5 and 9%. Its thermal stability and fire resistance were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test and cone calorimeter and its morphological structure by scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the synthesis temperature and the use of calcined and without calcined volcanic ash have an influence on the characteristics of the zeolites and on its synergistic action.
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Dong F, Luo Z, Wang B. Preparation of Mn 2+ Doped Piperazine Phosphate as a Char-Forming Agent for Improving the Fire Safety of Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7589. [PMID: 34947182 PMCID: PMC8707045 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A piperazine phosphate doped with Mn2+ (HP-Mn), as a new char-forming agent for intumescent flame retardant systems (IFR), was designed and synthesized using 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, piperazine, and manganese acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials. The effect of HP-Mn and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the fire safety and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The results showed that the combined incorporation of 25 wt.% APP/HP-Mn at a ratio of 1:1 endowed the flame retardant PP (PP6) composite with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.7% and UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison with the pure PP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR), and the smoke production rate (PSPR) of the PP6 were reduced by 74%, 30%, and 70%, respectively. SEM and Raman analysis of the char residues demonstrated that the Mn2+ displayed a catalytic cross-linking charring ability to form a continuous and compact carbon layer with a high degree of graphitization, which can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PP/APP composites. A possible flame-retardant mechanism was proposed to reveal the synergistic effect between APP and HP-Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (F.D.); (Z.L.)
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11
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Li JL, Gao CT, Sun X, Peng SG, Wang YW, Qin SH. Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphinate in PP/IFR System and the Flame-Retardant Mechanism. INT POLYM PROC 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2020-4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Synergistic flame-retardant effect of aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP/IFR) system and the flame-retardant mechanism were investigated. The flame retardancy of PP/IFR/AlPi (the mass ratio of IFR to AlPi is 2 : 1) was the best, which was proved by the results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL-94 test, and cone calorimeter test ( CCT) test. Here, the LOI value of the sample was as high as 34% and passed the V–0 rating in UL–94 test. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased by 92.57%, the total heat release (THR) reduced by 90.52%. Thermogravimetric (TGA) data showed that the introduction of AlPi improved thermal stability and changed the thermal degradation behavior of PP/IFR composites. Interestingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) proved that PP/IFR/AlPi had formed more residual carbon, but the flame retardancy was worse than PP/IFR/AlPi. This is because when the mass ratio of IFR to AlPi is 2 : 1, the synergy between IFR and AlPi was significant, gas-phase flame retardant and condensed-phase flame retardant reached a balance and obtained the best flame retardant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-L. Li
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , PRC
| | - C.-T. Gao
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , PRC
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
| | - X. Sun
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , PRC
| | - S.-G. Peng
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , PRC
| | - Y.-W. Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
| | - S.-H. Qin
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University , Guiyang , PRC
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
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12
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Chen K, Cheng J, Wu B, Liu C, Guo J. Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent
flame‐retardant
polypropylene system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jingwei Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chengjuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jianing Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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13
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Cabello-Alvarado C, Andrade-Guel M, Ávila-Orta CA, Gamero-Melo P, Reyes-Rodríguez PY, Quiñones-Jurado ZV, Cadenas-Pliego G, Bartolo-Pérez P, Soriano-Corral F, Covarrubias-Gordillo C. Composites based on nylon 6/clinoptilolite by ultrasound-assisted extrusion for enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Role of Copper Oxide on Epoxy Coatings with New Intumescent Polymer-Based Fire Retardant. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25245978. [PMID: 33348597 PMCID: PMC7766729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resins (EP) have been used as a thermos-setting material in the field of coating, casting, bonding agent, and laminating. However, a major drawback associated with its use is the lack of good flaming properties, and it is responsible for heavy smoke along with hazardous gases considerably limiting its uses in various fields. In this study, N-ethanolamine triazine-piperizine, a melamine polymer (ETPMP), was established as a new charring-foaming agent and was successfully synthesized with ethanolamine, piperizine, cyanuric chloride, and melamine as precursor molecules via the nucleophilic substitution reaction method. Elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were applied to approve the synthesis of ETPMP and confirmation of its structure and characterization. The epoxy coating of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was equipped by introducing ETPMP, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and copper oxide (CuO) in multiple composition ratios. CuO was loaded at various amounts into the IFR-coating system as a synergistic agent. The synergistic action of CuO on IFR coatings was scientifically examined by using different analytical tests such as vertical burning test (UL-94V), limited oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that small changes in the amount of CuO expressively amplified the LOI results and enhanced the V-0 ratings in the UL-94V test. The TGA data clearly demonstrate that the inclusion of CuO can transform the thermal deprivation behavior of coatings with a growing char slag proportion with elevated temperatures. Information from cone calorimeter data affirmed that CuO can decrease the burning factors by total heat release (THR) together with peak heat release rate (PHRR). The SEM images indicated that CuO can enrich the power and compression of the intumescent char that restricts the movement of heat and oxygen. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of CuO on the epoxy-headed intumescent flame retardant coatings.
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Influence of Antimony Oxide on Epoxy Based Intumescent Flame Retardation Coating System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112721. [PMID: 33212915 PMCID: PMC7698405 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylenediamine modified Ammonium polyphosphate (EDA-MAPP), and Charring-Foaming Agents (CFA) was prepared via a simple chemical approach and further utilizes for the preparation of Epoxy resin based intumescent flame retardation coatings. The ratio belongs to MAPP and CFA was fixed at 2:1 ratio. Comparative thermo gravimetric analysis TGA study of Modified Ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) investigated. Sb2O3 was introduced into flame retardation coating formulation at various amounts to evaluate the synergistic action of Sb2O3 along with flame retardant coating system. The synergistic action of Sb2O3 on flame retardation coating formulation was studied by vertical burning test (UL-94V), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Limited Oxygen Index (LOI), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The UL-94V results indicated that adding Sb2O3 effectively increased flame retardancy and meets V-0 ratings at each concentration. The TGA results revealed that the amalgamation of Sb2O3 at each concentration effectively increased the thermal stability of the flame retardant coating system. Cone-calorimeter study results that Sb2O3 successfully minimized the combustion parameters like, Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR), and Total Heat Release (THR). The FTIR result shows that Sb2O3 can react with MAPP and generates the dense-charred layer which prevents the transfer of heat and oxygen.
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Chuang C, Wu C, Wu K, Sheen H. Flame retardancy of water‐based intumescent coatings with etherified melamine–formaldehyde and polyvinyl acetate copolymer hybrid resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Shen Chuang
- Institute of Applied MechanicsNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chieh‐Ying Wu
- Institute of Applied MechanicsNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Chong Wu
- Institute of Applied MechanicsNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Horn‐Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied MechanicsNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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17
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Leng Q, Li J, Wang Y. Structural analysis of α-zirconium phosphate/cerium phosphate/graphene oxide nanocomposites with flame-retardant properties in polyvinyl alcohol. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ternary nanocomposite was developed, which exhibits novel synergistic flame-retardant effect with APP-containing PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Leng
- Key Laboratory for Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of the Education School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Junyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of the Education School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of the Education School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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Nageswara Rao T, Naidu TM, Kim MS, Parvatamma B, Prashanthi Y, Heun Koo B. Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E42. [PMID: 31878012 PMCID: PMC7022803 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring-foaming agent (CFA) N-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine as precursor molecules. FTIR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies were employed to characterize and confirm the synthesized ETPMP structure. New intumescent flame retardant epoxy coating compositions were prepared by adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ETPMP, and ZnO NPs into an epoxy resin. APP and ETPMP were fixed in a 2:1 w/w ratio and used as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. ZnO NPs were loaded as a synergistic agent in different amounts into the IFR coating system. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs on IFR coatings were systematically evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning tests (UL-94 V), TGA, cone calorimeter tests, and SEM. The obtained results revealed that a small amount of ZnO NPs significantly increased the LOI values of the IFR coating and these coatings had a V-0 ratings in UL-94 V tests. From the TGA data, it is clear that the addition of ZnO NPs could change the thermal degradation behaviors of coatings with increasing char residue percentage at high temperatures. Cone calorimeter data reported that ZnO NPs could decrease the combustion parameters including peak heat release rates (PHRRs), and total heat release (THR) rates. The SEM results showed that ZnO NPs could enhance the strength and the compactness of the intumescent char, which restricted the flow of heat and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tentu Nageswara Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | - T. Manohra Naidu
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Min Soo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Botsa Parvatamma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gayathri P.G Courses, Gotlam, Vizianagaram, AP 535003, India;
| | - Y. Prashanthi
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda 508254, Telangana, India;
| | - Bon Heun Koo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
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19
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Chuang CS, Fan YJ, Sheen HJ. Flame Retardancy Effects on Intumescent Coatings with Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. INT POLYM PROC 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis research aimed to study the effects of fire combustion on materials coated with ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl acetate copolymer emulsion resins with differing foam producing substance to dehydrating agent ratios. The flame retardancy of these materials was assessed by evaluating their heat release, CO and CO2 emissions. Experimental results indicate that intumescent paint formulations significantly enhance the flame retardancy of painted plywood, thus reducing peak heat release rate and extending the time to reach peak heat release rate. Moreover, a low amount of foam producing substance enhances the fire retardancy of plywood panels. Furthermore, binder resin containing vinyl acetate monomer in intumescent coatings can enhance fire performance. In addition, low foam producing substance content can form an ideal char layer, which significantly reduces CO and CO2 emissions. The mechanism to achieve more favorable fire performance was verified by carrying out thermogravimetric analysis, which demonstrated lower weight loss. The results of this study provide an improved understanding of the effects of intumescent coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-S. Chuang
- 1Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
| | - Y.-J. Fan
- 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC
- 3International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC
| | - H.-J. Sheen
- 1Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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20
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Kang BH, Yang XY, Lu X. Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Cabello-Alvarado C, Reyes-Rodríguez P, Andrade-Guel M, Cadenas-Pliego G, Pérez-Alvarez M, Cruz-Delgado VJ, Melo-López L, Quiñones-Jurado ZV, Ávila-Orta CA. Melt-Mixed Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Titanium Dioxide for Flame Retardancy Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071204. [PMID: 31330943 PMCID: PMC6680381 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of polymeric nanocomposites is a possible alternative to conventional flame retardants. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of carbon-nanotubes (CNT) and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the thermo-mechanical, flammability, and electrical properties of polypropylene (PP). In this work, PP-TiO2/CNT nanocomposites were obtained with TiO2/CNT mixtures (ratio 1:2) through the melt extrusion process, with different weight percentage of nanoparticles (1, 5, and 10 wt %). The PP-TiO2/CNT nanocomposites were characterized by DSC, TGA, MFI, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. It was possible to determine that the thermal stability of the PP increases when increasing the content of NPs. A contrary situation is observed in the degree of crystallinity and thermo-oxidative degradation, which decreased with respect to pure PP. The TiO2 NPs undergo coalition and increase their size at a lower viscosity of the nanocomposite (1 and 5 wt %). The mechanical properties decreased slightly, however, the Young's modulus presented an improvement of 10% as well as electrical conductivity, this behavior was noted in nanocomposites of 10 wt % of NPs. Flammability properties were measured with a cone calorimeter, and a reduction in the peak heat release rate was observed in nanocomposites with contents of nanoparticles of 5 and 10 wt.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cabello-Alvarado
- CONACYT-Consorcio de Investigación y de Innovación del Estado de Tlaxcala, C.P. 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - P Reyes-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - M Andrade-Guel
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - G Cadenas-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - M Pérez-Alvarez
- CONACYT-Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, 07730 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V J Cruz-Delgado
- CONACYT-Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Melo-López
- CONACYT-Consorcio de Investigación y de Innovación del Estado de Tlaxcala, C.P. 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Z V Quiñones-Jurado
- Innovación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados A.C., Grupo POLYnnova, Carr. San Luis Potosí-Guadalajara 1510, Nivel 3, Local 12, Lomas del Tecnológico, San Luis Potosí S.L.P. C.P. 78211 Mexico, Mexico
| | - C A Ávila-Orta
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, 25315 Coahuila, Mexico.
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22
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Hu D, Zhou Q, Zhou K. Combined effects of layered nanofillers and intumescent flame retardant on thermal and fire behavior of ABS resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Hu
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
- Engineering Research Center of Rock‐Soil Drilling & Excavation and ProtectionChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ministry of Education Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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23
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Zhang S, Tang W, Guo J, Jin X, Li H, Gu X, Sun J. Improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene by P-type hydrated silica aluminate containing lanthanum. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Influence of expandable graphite particle size on the synergy flame retardant property between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in semi-rigid polyurethane foam. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Turgut G, Dogan M, Tayfun U, Ozkoc G. The effects of POSS particles on the flame retardancy of intumescent polypropylene composites and the structure-property relationship. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Liu G, Gao S. Synergistic effect between aluminum hypophosphite and a new intumescent flame retardant system in poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gousheng Liu
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Jiangxi 330031 China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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27
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Kaynak E, Ureyen ME, Koparal AS. Thermal characterization and flammability of polypropylene containing sepiolite-APP combinations. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of sepiolite on fire behavior of ammonium polyphosphate-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR)/polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The disaggregation of sepiolite bundles has been provided by wet-milling as the zeta potential value decreased from −9.6 to −31.3 mV. PP and additives were compounded by a twin-screw extruder and molded by injection. A total additive content of 20 wt% in PP and various proportions of sepiolite (1.0–10.0 wt%) in flame retardant (FR) formulation were studied. The flammability of the samples was measured by limit oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimetry. The LOI of neat PP (19%) was increased to 32.2% when sepiolite and IFR were used. The peak heat release rate of neat PP (1566.4 kW/m2) was also significantly reduced (94.7 kW/m2) when sepiolite was added with IFR. Thermal analyses results showed that, at higher temperature (700°C), IFR and sepiolite increased the char residue (9 wt%) compared to neat PP (0 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kaynak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Savaş Koparal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
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28
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29
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30
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Shen Y, Gong W, Zheng B, Meng X, Gao L. Synergistic effect of Ni-based bimetallic catalyst with intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Pappalardo S, Russo P, Acierno D, Rabe S, Schartel B. The synergistic effect of organically modified sepiolite in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Huang J, Liang M, Feng C, Liu H. Synergistic effects of 4A zeolite on the flame-retardant properties and thermal stability of an efficient halogen-free flame-retardant EVA composite. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Huang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering; Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan China 528333
| | - Minyi Liang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering; Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan China 528333
| | - Caimin Feng
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering; Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan China 528333
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering; Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan China 528333
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33
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Zhang Y, Peng RQ, Zhou GD, Fang ZP, Li XN. Flammability characterization and effects of magnesium oxide in halogen-free flame-retardant EVA blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Zhao Q, Hu Y, Wang X. Mechanical performance and flame retardancy of polypropylene composites containing zeolite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials; Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials; Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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35
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Wang M, Ji H, Li L. Synergistic Effect of 3A Zeolite on The Flame Retardant Properties of Poplar Plywood Treated with APP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5658/wood.2015.43.2.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Battegazzore D, Alongi J, Fontaine G, Frache A, Bourbigot S, Malucelli G. Bulk vs. surface flame retardancy of fully bio-based polyamide 10,10. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PA 10,10 can be flame retarded either by melt-blending the polymer with intumescent formulations or by coating it with UV-curable mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Battegazzore
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia
- Politecnico di Torino
- Sede di Alessandria
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Jenny Alongi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia
- Politecnico di Torino
- Sede di Alessandria
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Gaelle Fontaine
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) – CNRS UMR 8207
- R2Fire Group–Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille
- F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Alberto Frache
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia
- Politecnico di Torino
- Sede di Alessandria
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) – CNRS UMR 8207
- R2Fire Group–Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille
- F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia
- Politecnico di Torino
- Sede di Alessandria
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
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37
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Xu MJ, Wang J, Ding YH, Li B. Synergistic effects of aluminum hypophosphite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Xia Y, Jin F, Mao Z, Guan Y, Zheng A. Effects of ammonium polyphosphate to pentaerythritol ratio on composition and properties of carbonaceous foam deriving from intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Chen S, Li J, Zhu Y, Su S. Roles of anion of polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids in properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Xu M, Chen Y, Qian L, Wang J, Tang S. Component ratio effects of hyperbranched triazine compound and ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
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41
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Flame-retardant olefin block copolymer composites with novel halogen-free intumescent flame retardants based on the composition of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Lai X, Zeng X, Li H, Zhang H. Effect of Polyborosiloxane on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.839319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Zhao J, Deng CL, Du SL, Chen L, Deng C, Wang YZ. Synergistic flame-retardant effect of halloysite nanotubes on intumescent flame retardant in LDPE. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Cheng-Liang Deng
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shuang-Lan Du
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Li Chen
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Cong Deng
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan); State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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44
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Zheng A, Xia Y, Li N, Mao Z, Guan Y. Synergistic effects of tetrabutyl titanate on intumescent flame-retarded polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China
| | - Yin Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China
| | - Na Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China
| | - Zongwen Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China
| | - Yong Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237; China
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45
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Dong M, Gu X, Zhang S, Li H, Jiang P. Effects of Acidic Sites in HA Zeolite on the Fire Performance of Polystyrene Composite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4011222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers,
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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46
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Feng C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Chi Z, Xu J. Synergistic effects of 4A zeolite on the flame retardant properties and thermal stability of a novel halogen-free PP/IFR composite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, DSAPM Lab, Materials Science Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510275; China
| | - Siwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, DSAPM Lab, Materials Science Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510275; China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, DSAPM Lab, Materials Science Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510275; China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, DSAPM Lab, Materials Science Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510275; China
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47
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Su X, Yi Y, Tao J, Qi H. Synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate with intumescent flame-retardants on fire retardancy and thermal behavior of polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Li N, Xia Y, Mao Z, Wang L, Guan Y, Zheng A. Influence of antimony oxide on flammability of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant system. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Feng C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Chi Z, Xu J. Synergistic effect of La2O3 on the flame retardant properties and the degradation mechanism of a novel PP/IFR system. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Usta N. Investigation of fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foams containing fly ash and intumescent flame retardant by using a cone calorimeter. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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