New highly conductive organic–inorganic hybrid electrolytes based on star-branched silica based architectures

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials and Interfaces With Mixed Ionic-Electronic Transport Properties: Advances in Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

The main goal of this mini-review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art of the hybrid organic-inorganic materials focusing mainly on interface phenomena involving ionic and electronic transport properties. First, we review the most relevant preparation techniques and the structural features of hybrid organic-inorganic materials prepared by solution-phase reaction of inorganic/organic precursor into organic/inorganic hosts and vapor-phase infiltration of the inorganic precursor into organic hosts and molecular layer deposition of organic precursor onto the inorganic surface. Particular emphasis is given to the advances in joint experimental and theoretical studies discussing diverse types of computational simulations for hybrid-organic materials and interfaces. We make a specific revision on the separately ionic, and electronic transport properties of these hybrid organic-inorganic materials focusing mostly on interface phenomena. Finally, we deepen into mixed ionic-electronic transport properties and provide our concluding remarks and give some perspectives about this growing field of research.

Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes on the Basis of Fluorosiloxane Matrix

Hydrosilylation reactions of 2,4,6,8-tetrahydro-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H) with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl acrylate at 1:4.2 ratio of initial compounds catalysed by platinum catalysts have been studied and corresponding adduct D4R' has been obtained. Ring opening polymerization of D4R in the presence of dry potassium hydroxide has been carried out and comb-type polymers with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl propionate side groups have been obtained. The synthesized product D4R and polymers were analyzed by FTIR, 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The solid polymer electrolyte membranes have been obtained via sol-gel reactions of polymers with tetraethoxysilane doped with lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate (triflat) and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide. It has been found that the electric conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membranes at room temperature changes in the range of (1.9•10-6) – (5.9•10-10) S•cm-1.

Blend Hybrid Solid Electrolytes Based on LiTFSI Doped Silica-Polyethylene Oxide for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Organic/inorganic hybrid membranes that are based on GTT (GPTMS-TMES-TPTE) system while using 3-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), Trimethyletoxisilane (TMES), and Trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TPTE) as precursors have been obtained while using a combination of organic polymerization and sol-gel synthesis to be used as electrolytes in Li-ion batteries. Self-supported materials and thin-films solid hybrid electrolytes that were doped with Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) were prepared. The hybrid network is based on highly cross-linked structures with high ionic conductivity. The dependency of the crosslinked hybrid structure and polymerization grade on ionic conductivity is studied. Ionic conductivity depends on triepoxy precursor (TPTE) and the accessibility of Li ions in the organic network, reaching a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.4 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature and 60 °C, respectively. A wide electrochemical stability window in the range of 1.5–5 V facilitates its use as solid electrolytes in next-generation of Li-ion batteries.

Porous covalent organic frameworks for high transference number polymer-based electrolytes

While solid polymer electrolytes are poised to be the key component of next-generation solid-state batteries, the low Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolytes limits their practical applications. Here, porous boron-containing covalent organic frameworks with different surface areas were synthesized and employed as functional additives for enhancing the Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolytes. The boron-containing frameworks enable strong adsorption of the anions of the lithium salt, leading to a significantly enhanced Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolyte containing COF additives. It is observed that solid-state cells assembled with the COF-containing polymer electrolytes exhibited remarkably decreased overpotentials and enhanced rate performances, which opens up new ways to apply porous organics in next-generation solid-state batteries.

High ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes based on blending hybrids derived from monoamine and diamine polyethers for lithium solid-state batteries

The blended hybrid solid polymer electrolyte possessed a high ionic conductivity value of 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C.

25th anniversary article: polymer-particle composites: phase stability and applications in electrochemical energy storage

Polymer-particle composites are used in virtually every field of technology. When the particles approach nanometer dimensions, large interfacial regions are created. In favorable situations, the spatial distribution of these interfaces can be controlled to create new hybrid materials with physical and transport properties inaccessible in their constituents or poorly prepared mixtures. This review surveys progress in the last decade in understanding phase behavior, structure, and properties of nanoparticle-polymer composites. The review takes a decidedly polymers perspective and explores how physical and chemical approaches may be employed to create hybrids with controlled distribution of particles. Applications are studied in two contexts of contemporary interest: battery electrolytes and electrodes. In the former, the role of dispersed and aggregated particles on ion-transport is considered. In the latter, the polymer is employed in such small quantities that it has been historically given titles such as binder and carbon precursor that underscore its perceived secondary role. Considering the myriad functions the binder plays in an electrode, it is surprising that highly filled composites have not received more attention. Opportunities in this and related areas are highlighted where recent advances in synthesis and polymer science are inspiring new approaches, and where newcomers to the field could make important contributions.