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Zhou L, Tong Y, Ho BM, Li J, Chan HYE, Zhang T, Du L, He JN, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Etiology including epigenetic defects of retinoblastoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024:100072. [PMID: 38789041 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB), originating from the developing retina, is an aggressive intraocular malignant neoplasm in childhood. Biallelic loss of RB1 is conventionally considered a prerequisite for initiating RB development in most RB cases. Additional genetic mutations arising from genome instability following RB1 mutations are proposed to be required to promote RB development. Recent advancements in high throughput sequencing technologies allow a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the etiology of RB that additional genetic alterations following RB1 biallelic loss are rare, yet epigenetic changes driven by RB1 loss emerge as a critical contributor promoting RB tumorigenesis. Multiple epigenetic regulators have been found to be dysregulated and to contribute to RB development, including noncoding RNAs, DNA methylations, RNA modifications, chromatin conformations, and histone modifications. A full understanding of the roles of genetic and epigenetic alterations in RB formation is crucial in facilitating the translation of these findings into effective treatment strategies for RB. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning genetic defects and epigenetic dysregulations in RB, aiming to help understand their links and roles in RB tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Bo Man Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hoi Ying Emily Chan
- Medicine Programme Global Physician-Leadership Stream, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Song M, Zhu L, Zhang L, Ge X, Cao J, Teng Y, Tian R. Combination of Molecule-Targeted Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy Using Nanoformulated Verteporfin for Effective Uveal Melanoma Treatment. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2340-2350. [PMID: 38546166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary ocular malignancy in adults and has high mortality. Recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are frequently observed in UM, but no beneficial systemic therapy is available, presenting an urgent need for developing effective therapeutic drugs. Verteporfin (VP) is a photosensitizer and a Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) inhibitor that has been used in clinical practice. However, VP's lack of tumor targetability, poor biocompatibility, and relatively low treatment efficacy hamper its application in UM management. Herein, we developed a biocompatible CD44-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticle (HANP) carrying VP (HANP/VP) to improve UM treatment efficacy. We found that HANP/VP showed a stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than that of free VP in UM cells. Systemic delivery of HANP/VP led to targeted accumulation in the UM-tumor-bearing mouse model. Notably, HANP/VP mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly inhibited UM tumor growth after laser irradiation compared with no treatment or free VP treatment. Consistently, in HANP/VP treated tumors after laser irradiation, the tumor proliferation and YAP expression level were decreased, while the apoptotic tumor cell and CD8+ immune cell levels were elevated, contributing to effective tumor growth inhibition. Overall, the results of this preclinical study showed that HANP/VP is an effective nanomedicine for tumor treatment through PDT and inhibition of YAP in the UM tumor mouse model. Combining phototherapy and molecular-targeted therapy offers a promising approach for aggressive UM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lumeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Li J, Sun R. An observation study of the effect of "Internet + Nursing" on psychological status and quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37974. [PMID: 38669376 PMCID: PMC11049744 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
"Internet + Nursing" refers to medical institutions using Internet technologies and big data to provide nursing services to discharged patients or those with severe illnesses unable to visit hospitals, through online applications and offline care provision. This study aimed to explore the influence of "Internet + Nursing" on the psychological status and quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease. Sixty-eight patients with thyroid eye disease from January 2021 to December 2022 were divided into a research group (n = 34, joined the platform) and control group (n = 34, not joined the platform) based on their voluntary participation in our hospital's "Internet + Nursing Platform." The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores of the research group were lower than those of the control group (P < .05). The short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scores in various dimensions were higher in the research group compared to the control group (P < .05). The incidence rates of retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, diabetic retinopathy, and iris neovascularization were lower in the research group compared to the control group (P < .05). After nursing, exophthalmos, blink frequency, and eyelid height of the research group were lower than those of the control group, while tear film breakup time was higher than that of the control group (P < .05). The visual acuity of the research group was higher than that of the control group (P < .05). After nursing, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25) scores in various dimensions were significantly higher in the research group than those in the control group (P < .05). Additionally, after nursing, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the research group were lower than those in the control group (P < .05). The patients in the research group exhibited higher recognition scores of nursing compared to those in the control group (P < .05). Through the implementation of "Internet + Nursing" for patients with thyroid eye disease discharged from our hospital, we can provide better out-of-hospital nursing for patients, reduce the occurrence of complications, improve ocular surface symptoms, promote visual acuity recovery, and improve patients' psychological status and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Li
- Internal Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, CMU, Beijing, China
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Guidi L, Cascone MG, Rosellini E. Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for retinal drug delivery: design cues, challenges and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26616. [PMID: 38434257 PMCID: PMC10906429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of sight-threatening retinal diseases, affecting hundreds of millions around the globe, lack effective pharmacological treatments due to ocular barriers and common drug delivery limitations. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are versatile drug carriers with sustained drug release profiles and tunable physicochemical properties which have been explored for ocular drug delivery to both anterior and posterior ocular tissues. PNPs can incorporate a wide range of drugs and overcome the challenges of conventional retinal drug delivery. Moreover, PNPs can be engineered to respond to specific stimuli such as ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared light, and allow precise spatiotemporal control of the drug release, enabling tailored treatment regimens and reducing the number of required administrations. The objective of this study is to emphasize the therapeutic potential of light-triggered drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to treat retinal diseases through an exploration of ocular pathologies, challenges in drug delivery, current production methodologies and recent applications. Despite challenges, light-responsive PNPs hold the promise of substantially enhancing the treatment landscape for ocular diseases, aiming for an improved quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guidi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cascone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rosellini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang Y, Song H, Li M, Lu P. Histone lactylation bridges metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic rewiring in driving carcinogenesis: Oncometabolite fuels oncogenic transcription. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1614. [PMID: 38456209 PMCID: PMC10921234 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heightened lactate production in cancer cells has been linked to various cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, hypoxia, macrophage polarisation and T-cell dysfunction. The lactate-induced lactylation of histone lysine residues is noteworthy, as it functions as an epigenetic modification that directly augments gene transcription from chromatin. This epigenetic modification originating from lactate effectively fosters a reliance on transcription, thereby expediting tumour progression and development. Herein, this review explores the correlation between histone lactylation and cancer characteristics, revealing histone lactylation as an innovative epigenetic process that enhances the vulnerability of cells to malignancy. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge the paramount importance of acknowledging innovative therapeutic methodologies for proficiently managing cancer by precisely targeting lactate signalling. This comprehensive review illuminates a crucial yet inadequately investigated aspect of histone lactylation, providing valuable insights into its clinical ramifications and prospective therapeutic interventions centred on lactylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical MedicineXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Hang Song
- Department of OphthalmologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Meili Li
- Department of OphthalmologyEye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou First People's HospitalXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Zhou M, Tang J, Fan J, Wen X, Shen J, Jia R, Chai P, Fan X. Recent progress in retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis and management. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024; 13:100058. [PMID: 38615905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the primary ocular malignancy in pediatric patients, poses a substantial threat to mortality without prompt and effective management. The prognosis for survival and preservation of visual acuity hinges upon the disease severity at the time of initial diagnosis. Notably, retinoblastoma has played a crucial role in unraveling the genetic foundations of oncogenesis. The process of tumorigenesis commonly begins with the occurrence of biallelic mutation in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, which is then followed by a cascade of genetic and epigenetic alterations that correspond to the clinical stage and pathological features of the tumor. The RB1 gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor, encodes the retinoblastoma protein, which plays a vital role in governing cellular replication through interactions with E2F transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma necessitate consideration of numerous factors, including disease staging, germline mutation status, family psychosocial factors, and the resources available within the institution. This review has systematically compiled and categorized the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma which enhanced the quality of care for this pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
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Muniyandi A, Jensen NR, Devanathan N, Dimaras H, Corson TW. The Potential of Aqueous Humor Sampling in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:18. [PMID: 38180770 PMCID: PMC10774694 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare malignant tumor that arises in the developing retina in one or both eyes of children. Pathogenic variants of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene drive the majority of germline and sporadic RB tumors. Considering the risk of tumor spread, the biopsy of RB tumor tissue is contraindicated. Advancement of chemotherapy has led to preservation of more eye globes. However, this has reduced access to tumor material from enucleation specimens. Recently, liquid biopsy of aqueous humor (AH) has advanced the RB tumor- or eye-specific genetic analysis. In particular, nucleic acid analysis of AH demonstrates the genomic copy number profiles and RB1 pathogenic variants akin to that of enucleated RB eye tissue. This advance reduces the previous limitation that genetic assessment of the primary tumor could be done only after enucleation of the eye. Additionally, nucleic acid evaluation of AH allows the exploration of the genomic landscape of RB tumors at diagnosis and during and after treatment. This review explores how AH sampling and AH nucleic acid analysis in RB patients assist in diagnosis, prognosis, and comprehending the pathophysiology of RB, which will ultimately benefit individualized treatment decisions to carefully manage this ocular cancer in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbukkarasi Muniyandi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Nathan R. Jensen
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Nirupama Devanathan
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Clinical Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhuang A, Gu X, Ge T, Wang S, Ge S, Chai P, Jia R, Fan X. Targeting histone deacetylase suppresses tumor growth through eliciting METTL14-modified m 6 A RNA methylation in ocular melanoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1185-1206. [PMID: 37466203 PMCID: PMC10631484 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversified histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACis) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. N6-methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent messenger RNA modification that plays an essential role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Howbeit, an in-depth understanding of the crosstalk between histone acetylation and m6 A RNA modifications remains enigmatic. This study aimed to explore the role of histone acetylation and m6 A modifications in the regulation of tumorigenesis of ocular melanoma. METHODS Histone modification inhibitor screening was used to explore the effects of HDACis on ocular melanoma cells. Dot blot assay was used to detect the global m6 A RNA modification level. Multi-omics assays, including RNA-sequencing, cleavage under targets and tagmentation, single-cell sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meRIP-seq), and m6 A individual nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation-sequencing (miCLIP-seq), were performed to reveal the mechanisms of HDACis on methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and FAT tumor suppressor homolog 4 (FAT4) in ocular melanoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were applied to detect the expression of METTL14 and FAT4 in ocular melanoma cells and tissues. Cell models and orthotopic xenograft models were established to determine the roles of METTL14 and FAT4 in the growth of ocular melanoma. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR, meRIP-seq, miCLIP-seq, and RNA stability assay were adopted to investigate the mechanism by which m6 A levels of FAT4 were affected. RESULTS First, we found that ocular melanoma cells presented vulnerability towards HDACis. HDACis triggered the elevation of m6 A RNA modification in ocular melanoma. Further studies revealed that METTL14 served as a downstream candidate for HDACis. METTL14 was silenced by the hypo-histone acetylation status, whereas HDACi restored the normal histone acetylation level of METTL14, thereby inducing its expression. Subsequently, METTL14 served as a tumor suppressor by promoting the expression of FAT4, a tumor suppressor, in a m6 A-YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1-dependent manner. Taken together, we found that HDACi restored the histone acetylation level of METTL14 and subsequently elicited METTL14-mediated m6 A modification in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HDACis exert anti-cancer effects by orchestrating m6 A modification, which unveiling a "histone-RNA crosstalk" of the HDAC/METTL14/FAT4 epigenetic cascade in ocular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhuang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Cai Y, Fu Q, Chen Y. Epigenetics research in eye diseases: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023. Clin Exp Optom 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37875250 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2261929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE A bibliometric analysis is a quantitative study that utilises methods such as citation analysis to evaluate research performance. A bibliometric analysis could provide a valuable reference for ophthalmic researchers to understand the trends in epigenetics research. BACKGROUND The number of studies on epigenetics in eye diseases has exceeded 5,000, but the progress and scope of epigenetic research on eye diseases remain unclear. The study aimed to bibliometrically analyse epigenetic research conducted in eye diseases. METHODS Studies concerning epigenetic research on eye diseases from 2000-2023 were searched using the Web of Science Core Collection. Following this, the included studies were analysed for citations, journals, keywords, authors, and countries, using the Bibliometrix package in R Studio. RESULTS In total, 3758 studies were included in the analysis, including 3099 original articles, 599 reviews, 11 editorials, and 49 early access articles. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science was the most published journal with 185 articles, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America was the most cited journal, with 8727 citations. The journal with the highest h-index was Oncogene (h-index = 38).Renu A Kowluru from the Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA, had the most citations with 1,690 and the highest h-index (h-index = 23). China and the USA were the countries with the highest number of publications (1739) and total citations (40533), respectively. Furthermore, from 2000-2023, the top five frequent research topics were diabetic retinopathy, 522; microribonucleic acid, 469; retinoblastoma, 370; apoptosis, 268; and epigenetics, 206. CONCLUSIONS The results of this bibliometric study provide the current status and trends of epigenetic research in eye diseases and will help researchers identify areas of current interest in the field, which should help highlight new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Clinical Research Center for General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Wen X, Fan J, Jin M, Jiang H, Li J, Han M, Zhang C, He X, Luo Y, Yang J, Zhou M, Tan J, Yang X, Ji X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Jia R, Fan X. Intravenous versus super-selected intra-arterial chemotherapy in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma: an open-label, multicentre, randomised trial. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:613-620. [PMID: 37536351 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-selected intra-arterial chemotherapy has increasingly been used as conservative management for retinoblastoma during the past decade. However, the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials engendered controversy in the administration route of chemotherapy. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy compared with intravenous chemotherapy. METHODS This open-label, multicentre, randomised trial was done at six hospitals in China. Patients with new-onset unilateral group D or E retinoblastoma (poorly defined, large, or very large tumours, according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification) without high-risk clinical factors were included. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intra-arterial chemotherapy (injections of 0·5 mg/kg [or depending on age] melphalan with 20 mg carboplatin [first and third cycles] or with 1 mg topotecan [second and fourth cycles]) or intravenous chemotherapy (0·05 mg/kg [or 1·5 mg/m2] vincristine, 5 mg/kg [or 150 mg/m2] etoposide, and 18·6 mg/kg [or 560 mg/m2] carboplatin for six cycles). After intra-arterial chemotherapy, patients received a subcutaneous injection of 0·1 mL nadroparin calcium twice at a 12 h interval. Both intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy cycles were completed every 4 weeks. No masking was done, except of independent statisticians, who were masked to the allocation information. The primary outcome was 2-year progression-free globe salvage rate, defined as the time from randomisation to tumour progression or enucleation, whichever occurred first, and was analysed by intention to treat. We also recorded predefined safety outcomes (myelosuppression and ophthalmic arterial stenosis or occlusion) and severe adverse events likely to be related to study treatment. The study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006469, and is complete. FINDINGS Between June 1, 2015, and June 1, 2018, 234 patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma were screened and 143 eligible patients (median age 23·6 months [IQR 14·0-31·9]) were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intra-arterial chemotherapy group (n=72) or the intravenous chemotherapy group (n=71). At a median follow-up of 35·8 months (IQR 28·4-43·0), the 2-year progression-free globe salvage rate was 53% (38 of 72 patients) in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group and 27% (19 of 71 patients) in the intravenous chemotherapy group (risk ratio 1·97, 95% CI 1·27-3·07, p=0·0020). Myelosuppression was less common in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group than in the intravenous chemotherapy group (37 [51%] of 72 patients vs 50 [70%] of 71 patients; 0·73, 95% CI 0·56-0·96, p=0·021) and less severe (ptrend=0·0070). In the intra-arterial chemotherapy group, two (3%) of 72 patients had ophthalmic artery occlusion and 13 (18%) patients had ophthalmic artery stenosis. INTERPRETATION Our findings show that intra-arterial chemotherapy could significantly improve the globe salvage rate in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma compared with intravenous chemotherapy, with mild systemic complications and no difference in overall survival rate. Intra-arterial chemotherapy could be an acceptable first-line treatment in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma. FUNDING Scientific Research Program of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinji Yang
- Senior department of Ophthalmology, the third medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- National Center for Pediatric Center Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Zuo S, Li L, Wen X, Gu X, Zhuang A, Li R, Ye F, Ge S, Fan X, Fan J, Chai P, Lu L. NSUN2-mediated m 5 C RNA methylation dictates retinoblastoma progression through promoting PFAS mRNA stability and expression. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1273. [PMID: 37228185 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise temporal and spatial regulation of N5 -methylcytosine (m5 C) RNA modification plays essential roles in RNA metabolism, and is necessary for the maintenance of epigenome homeostasis. Howbeit, the mechanism underlying the m5 C modification in carcinogenesis remains to be fully addressed. METHODS Global and mRNA m5 C levels were determined by mRNA isolation and anti-m5 C dot blot in both retinoblastoma (RB) cells and clinical samples. Orthotopic intraocular xenografts were established to examine the oncogenic behaviours of RB. Genome-wide multiomics analyses were performed to identify the functional target of NSUN2, including proteomic analysis, transcriptome screening and m5 C-methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m5 C-meRIP-seq). Organoid-based single-cell analysis and gene-correlation analysis were performed to verify the NSUN2/ALYREF/m5 C-PFAS oncogenic cascade. RESULTS Herein, we report that NSUN2-mediated m5 C RNA methylation fuels purine biosynthesis during the oncogenic progression of RB. First, we discovered that global and mRNA m5 C levels were significantly enriched in RBs compared to normal retinas. In addition, tumour-specific NSUN2 expression was noted in RB samples and cell lines. Therapeutically, targeted correction of NSUN2 exhibited efficient therapeutic efficacy in RB both in vitro and in vivo. Through multiomics analyses, we subsequently identified phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS), a vital enzyme in purine biosynthesis, as a downstream candidate target of NSUN2. The reintroduction of PFAS largely reversed the inhibitory phenotypes in NSUN2-deficient RB cells, indicating that PFAS was a functional downstream target of NSUN2. Mechanistically, we found that the m5 C reader protein ALYREF was responsible for the recognition of the m5 C modification of PFAS, increasing its expression by enhancing its RNA stability. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, we initially demonstrated that NSUN2 is necessary for oncogenic gene activation in RB, expanding the current understanding of dynamic m5 C function during tumour progression. As the NSUN2/ALYREF/m5 C-PFAS oncogenic cascade is an important RB trigger, our study suggests that a targeted m5 C reprogramming therapeutic strategy may be a novel and efficient anti-tumour therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xie J, Chen L, Cao Y, Ma C, Zhao W, Li J, Yao W, Hu Y, Wang M, Shi J. Single cell sequencing analysis constructed the N7-methylguanosine (m7G)-related prognostic signature in uveal melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2082-2096. [PMID: 36920166 PMCID: PMC10085590 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma is a highly malignant tumor in the eye. Its recurrence and metastasis are common, and the prognosis is poor. METHODS The transcriptome data of UVM were downloaded from TCGA database, and the single cell sequencing dataset GSE139829 was downloaded from GEO database. Weighted co-expression network analysis was used to explore the modules associated with m7G. Lasso regression was used to construct M7G-related prognostic signature. Immune infiltration analysis was used to explore the significance of the model in the tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, cell assays were used to explore the function of key genes in the MUM-2B and OCM-1 cell lines of UVM. RESULTS The prognostic signature was constructed by Cox regression and Lasso regression. Patients could be divided into high-risk group and low-risk group by this signature, and the high-risk group had worse prognosis (P<0.05). Cell experiments showed that the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of UVM cell lines were significantly decreased after the knockdown of PAG1, a key gene in signature, which proved that PAG1 might be a potential target of UVM. CONCLUSIONS Our study explored the significance of m7G in UVM, provided biomarkers for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiaxing First Hospital, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhu Zhao
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - JinJing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Han H, Li S, Xu M, Zhong Y, Fan W, Xu J, Zhou T, Ji J, Ye J, Yao K. Polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114770. [PMID: 36894134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases, particularly intraocular disorders, remains a huge challenge due to multiple ocular barriers that significantly affect the ultimate therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Recent advances in nanocarrier technology offer a promising opportunity to overcome these barriers by providing enhanced penetration, increased retention, improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged release, and targeted delivery of the loaded drug to the eyes. This review primarily provides an overview of the progress and contemporary applications of nanocarriers, mainly polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers, in treating various eye diseases, highlighting their value in achieving efficient ocular drug delivery. Additionally, the review covers the ocular barriers and administration routes, as well as the prospective future developments and challenges in the field of nanocarriers for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liao Q, Yang J, Ge S, Chai P, Fan J, Jia R. Novel insights into histone lysine methyltransferases in cancer therapy: From epigenetic regulation to selective drugs. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:127-141. [PMID: 36908859 PMCID: PMC9999304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible and precise temporal and spatial regulation of histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) is essential for epigenome homeostasis. The dysregulation of KMTs is associated with tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, invasiveness, and the immune microenvironment. Therapeutically, their promising effects are being evaluated in diversified preclinical and clinical trials, demonstrating encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. In this review, we have updated recent understandings of KMTs' functions and the development of their targeted inhibitors. First, we provide an updated overview of the regulatory roles of several KMT activities in oncogenesis, tumor suppression, and immune regulation. In addition, we summarize the current targeting strategies in different cancer types and multiple ongoing clinical trials of combination therapies with KMT inhibitors. In summary, we endeavor to depict the regulation of KMT-mediated epigenetic landscape and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
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15
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Mandal M, Banerjee I, Mandal M. Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy as a novel strategy for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Cruz-Gálvez CC, Ordaz-Favila JC, Villar-Calvo VM, Cancino-Marentes ME, Bosch-Canto V. Retinoblastoma: Review and new insights. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963780. [PMID: 36408154 PMCID: PMC9670800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most frequent malignant intraocular tumor in childhood, is caused by mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) situated on chromosome 13q14.2. The incidence of retinoblastoma is approximately 1 in 17,000 live births with approximately 8,000 new cases diagnosed each year worldwide. Rb is the prototypical hereditary cancer in humans. Autosomal dominant inheritance is seen in 30-40% of cases whereas the non-inherited sporadic type accounts for the remaining 60-70%. Rb arises due to inactivation of both alleles of the Rb tumor suppressor gene, which results in a defective Rb protein (pRB) with subsequent cell cycle impairment and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Patients with Rb have survival rates higher than 95-98% in industrialized countries but mortality remains high in developing countries. For example, the mortality rate in Africa is 70%. In all cases of intraocular and extraocular retinoblastoma, there is a need for new therapies that are more effective and carry less risk of toxicity. The Bruckner test is a practical and easy test for the detection of Rb, this test consists of assessing the fundus reflex through the pupil (red reflex) in both eyes simultaneously with a bright coaxial light produced with the direct ophthalmoscope. Rb can be detected by the Bruckner test showing a pupil that shines white or “Leukocoria”. Although the diagnosis of Rb remains essentially clinical, the newly identified biomarkers could contribute to early molecular detection, timely detection of micrometastases and establish new therapeutic options for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carolina Cruz-Gálvez
- Physiology Department, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ordaz-Favila
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bosch-Canto
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bosch-Canto,
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17
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Karami Fath M, Azargoonjahromi A, Soofi A, Almasi F, Hosseinzadeh S, Khalili S, Sheikhi K, Ferdousmakan S, Owrangi S, Fahimi M, Zalpoor H, Nabi Afjadi M, Payandeh Z, Pourzardosht N. Current understanding of epigenetics role in melanoma treatment and resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:313. [PMID: 36224606 PMCID: PMC9555085 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from genetic mutations in melanocytes. Several factors have been considered to be involved in melanoma progression, including genetic alteration, processes of damaged DNA repair, and changes in mechanisms of cell growth and proliferation. Epigenetics is the other factor with a crucial role in melanoma development. Epigenetic changes have become novel targets for treating patients suffering from melanoma. These changes can alter the expression of microRNAs and their interaction with target genes, which involves cell growth, differentiation, or even death. Given these circumstances, we conducted the present review to discuss the melanoma risk factors and represent the current knowledge about the factors related to its etiopathogenesis. Moreover, various epigenetic pathways, which are involved in melanoma progression, treatment, and chemo-resistance, as well as employed epigenetic factors as a solution to the problems, will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Sheikhi
- School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ferdousmakan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560085, India
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committe, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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18
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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Lee C, Kim J. Genome maintenance in retinoblastoma: Implications for therapeutic vulnerabilities (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35527780 PMCID: PMC9073582 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular malignancy that is initiated mostly by biallelic inactivation of the RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor gene in the developing retina. Unlike the prevailing prediction based on multiple studies involving RB1 gene disruption in experimental models, human RB tumors have been demonstrated to possess a relatively stable genome, characterized by a low mutation rate and a few recurrent chromosomal alterations related to somatic copy number changes. This suggests that RB may harbor heightened genome maintenance mechanisms to counteract or compensate for the risk of massive genome instability, which can potentially be driven by the early RB1 loss as a tumor-initiating event. Although the genome maintenance mechanisms might have been evolved to promote RB cell survival by preventing lethal genomic defects, emerging evidence suggests that the dependency of RB cells on these mechanisms also exposes their unique vulnerability to chemotherapy, particularly when the genome maintenance machineries are tumor cell-specific. This review summarizes the genome maintenance mechanisms identified in RB, including findings on the roles of chromatin regulators in DNA damage response/repair and protein factors involved in maintaining chromosome stability and promoting survival in RB. In addition, advantages and challenges for exploiting these therapeutic vulnerabilities in RB are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Fernandez-Diaz D, Rodriguez-Vidal C, Silva-Rodríguez P, Paniagua L, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ, Pardo M, Piñeiro A, Bande M. Applications of Non-Coding RNAs in Patients With Retinoblastoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:842509. [PMID: 35432447 PMCID: PMC9008704 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.842509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in childhood. In the carcinogenic process of neoplasms such as RB, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been widely demonstrated recently. In this review, we aim to provide a clinical overview of the current knowledge regarding ncRNAs in relation to RB. Although ncRNAs are now considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, and therapeutic targets, further studies will facilitate enhanced understanding of ncRNAs in RB physiopathology and define the roles ncRNAs can play in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandez-Diaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Paula Silva-Rodríguez
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Paniagua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María José Blanco-Teijeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pardo
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Bande
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Bande,
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