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Schrott J, Sodoma E, Dünser M, Tichy A, Khol JL. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Sheep and Goats in Austria: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Detection from Boot Swab Samples. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091517. [PMID: 37174554 PMCID: PMC10177492 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in small ruminants in Austria by testing 22,019 serum samples with ELISA for the presence of specific antibodies. Furthermore, detailed investigations in five MAP-infected goat herds were carried out by ELISA, qPCR and bacterial culture. The found animal-level apparent MAP seroprevalence was 2.0% for goats and 0.7% for sheep (calculated true prevalence 3.5% and 1.2%, respectively). Herd-level apparent MAP seroprevalence was 11.1% for goat herds and 8.9% for sheep flocks. Significant risk factors for seropositivity in goat herds were: herd size, animal trading, farmed as a dairy herd, Animal Health Service membership and cohabitation with farmed game. For sheep flocks, seroprevalence was significantly higher in flocks with animal trading and where cattle or goats were kept in the flock, respectively. The overall apparent within-herd MAP seroprevalence in the five goat farms investigated was 21.8% (11.7%-28.0%, calculated true seroprevalence 38.6%) and an overall rate of MAP shedding of 12.3% was detected (5.0%-24.7%). It was possible to identify MAP by culture using boot swab samples in each herd. The results indicated a moderate MAP infection rate in small ruminants in Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schrott
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 70, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Sodoma
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 70, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Linz, Wieningerstraße 8, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Dünser
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 70, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Linz, Wieningerstraße 8, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Johannes Lorenz Khol
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Wien, Austria
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Wimalasena SHMP, Yang MS, Lee HG, Bok EY, Yi SW, Kim KW, Kim CL, Hur TY, Kim B, Jung YH, Oh SI. Johne's disease in two Korean black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) with clinical and subclinical infection: A case report. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Risalde MA, Fernández-Molera V, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Isla J, Cano-Terriza D. Epidemiology of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2022; 202:105637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Quintas H, Mínguez González O, Vila AG, Pérez V, Coelho AC. A serosurvey of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of goats in the North of Portugal. Acta Vet Hung 2021. [PMID: 34874276 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the epizootiology of caprine paratuberculosis in the North of Portugal, a cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2015. The seroprevalence and risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) seropositivity were evaluated. Antibodies against Map were determined by a commercial ELISA. In 936 sera tested from 56 goat herds, 120 (12.8%, 95% CI: 10.8-15.1%) goats and 34 (60.7%, 95% CI: 47.6-72.4%) herds were positive. Risk factors for seropositivity were investigated by logistic regression models. The odds of Map seropositivity were found to be higher for animals with clinical signs, OR = 5.1 (95% CI: 2.7-9.6%), animals belonging to herds with previous wasting disease, OR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.8%), and accumulation of manure in the herd, OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.7-5.7%). The potential risk factors identified in this study support the current recommendations for the control of paratuberculosis in these and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Quintas
- 1 Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Olga Mínguez González
- 2 Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Dirección General de Producción Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras Agrarias, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Grau Vila
- 2 Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Dirección General de Producción Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras Agrarias, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Valentin Pérez
- 3 Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- 4 Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
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Using Omics Approaches in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Sheep and Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071912. [PMID: 34199073 PMCID: PMC8300312 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Johne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is an important and emerging problem in livestock. Most JD research has been carried out on cattle, but interest in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease in sheep and goats is greatest in developing countries. Sheep and goats are also a relevant part of livestock production in Europe and Australia, and these species provide an excellent resource to study and better understand the mechanism of survival of MAP and gain insights into possible approaches to control this disease. This review gives an overview of the literature on paratuberculosis in sheep and goats, highlighting the immunological aspects and the potential for “omics” approaches to identify effective biomarkers for the early detection of infection. Abstract Johne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is an important and emerging problem in livestock; therefore, its control and prevention is a priority to reduce economic losses and health risks. Most JD research has been carried out on cattle, but interest in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease in sheep and goats is greatest in developing countries. Sheep and goats are also a relevant part of livestock production in Europe and Australia, and these species provide an excellent resource to study and better understand the mechanism of survival of MAP and gain insights into possible approaches to control this disease. This review gives an overview of the literature on paratuberculosis in sheep and goats, highlighting the immunological aspects and the potential for “omics” approaches to identify effective biomarkers for the early detection of infection. As JD has a long incubation period before the disease becomes evident, early diagnosis is important to control the spread of the disease.
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de Lacerda Roberto JP, Limeira CH, da Costa Barnabé NN, Soares RR, Silva MLCR, de Barros Gomes AA, Dos Santos Higino SS, de Azevedo SS, Alves CJ. Antibody detection and molecular analysis for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in goat milk: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:72-77. [PMID: 33450499 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an incurable infectious disease that affects several species, including goat (Capra hircus). The etiologic agent is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) that has tropism for the intestine, causing anorexia, progressive weight loss and death. In goats, the main transmission route is the ingestion of water and food contaminated by infected feces. Affected animals also eliminate the agent through milk, with a potential biological risk to public health. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a research of the literature available in electronic media for a systematic review, followed by a meta-analysis of the results found on prevalence and diagnostic tests adopted in the detection of MAP antibodies and DNA in goat milk. The following search parameters were used: "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis" AND (goat OR small ruminant) AND (milk OR pasteurized milk). Strictly obeying pre-established criteria, 437 articles were selected from the respective electronic databases of scientific content: ScienceDirect (285), PubMed (68), Web of Science (60) and Scopus (24), of which nine papers were elected to the construction of the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of MAP antibodies in milk detected by milk-ELISA ranged from 1.1 to 67.7% and the prevalence of MAP DNA in goat milk detected by MAP-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ranged from 1.94 to 37.74%. A meta-analysis indicated a combined MAP infection prevalence of 8.24%, but with high heterogeneity among study findings (I2 = 98.7%). The identification of the MAP in goat milk implies the need for surveillance of the agent in order to prevent economic losses and impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clécio Henrique Limeira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Soares
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Clebert José Alves
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil.
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Cross-sectional study on seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Kashmir Merino sheep flocks of Central Kashmir valley, India. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barrero-Domínguez B, Luque I, Huerta B, Gomez-Laguna J, Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Sánchez M, Astorga RJ. Paratuberculosis in dairy goat flocks from southern Spain: risk factors associated with seroprevalence. Vet Rec 2019; 185:600. [PMID: 31530721 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic, enteric wasting disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), with a worldwide distribution. Andalusia, located in southern Spain, is one of the European regions with the highest goat census and the highest milk production; however, current data on the prevalence of MAP in this species are not available. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with PTB in dairy goat flocks from southern Spain. A total of 3312 serum samples were collected from 48 flocks located in three different geographical areas. Health and productive parameters were surveyed during the visit to the herds. RESULTS A total of 511 goats were seropositive, with overall true seroprevalence of 22.54 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI95) 21.12-23.97). Of the goat herds, 87.50 per cent (CI9578.14-96.98) were seropositive. The intraherd seroprevalence was 25.43±31.71, distributed as follows: 22 flocks with a seroprevalence under 10 per cent; 18 flocks between 10 per cent and 50 per cent; and eight flocks with a frequency over 50 per cent. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant association between PTB seropositivity and the following variables: intensive production system, lack of management by batches, inappropriate ventilation and seropositivity to c aprine a rthritis e ncephalitis v irus ( CAEV ). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a widespread PTB infection in goat herds in southern Spain. Thus, control programmes must include management and sanitary measures to reduce the prevalence. Further experimental studies are necessary to determine the influence of CAEV-PTB coinfection on immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Belen Huerta
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gomez-Laguna
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Animal Production Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Jesus Astorga
- Animal Health Department, University of Cordoba Faculty of Veterinary, Cordoba, Spain
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Iarussi F, Paradies P, Sardaro R, Rubino G, Scaltrito D, Pieragostini E, Petazzi F. Epidemiology and risk factors of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in semi-extensive dairy sheep and goat farms of Apulia, southern Italy. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Profiling of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the milk of lactating goats using antigen-antibody based assays. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Fernandes LG, Denwood MJ, de Sousa Américo Batista Santos C, Alves CJ, Pituco EM, de Campos Nogueira Romaldini AH, De Stefano E, Nielsen SS, de Azevedo SS. Bayesian estimation of herd-level prevalence and risk factors associated with BoHV-1 infection in cattle herds in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2019; 169:104705. [PMID: 31311643 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the animal- and herd-level prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in cattle in the State of Paraíba, and to identify risk factors associated with herd-level infection. The state was divided into three sampling strata, and for each stratum, the prevalence of herds infected with BoHV-1 was estimated through a two-stage sampling survey carried out from September 2012 to January 2013. In total, 2443 animals were sampled from 478 herds. A virus-neutralization test was used for BoHV-1 antibody detection. A Bayesian latent-class model was used to describe the data, taking into account imperfect diagnostic test characteristics and the non-independence of test results from animals within the same herd, and using a dynamic within-model risk factor selection method based on indicator variable selection. The adjusted herd-level prevalence was estimated to be 84% (95% CI: 80-88%) for the State of Paraíba, and the animal-level prevalence was estimated to be 73% (95% CI: 66-84%). Only five of the available risk factors were used by the model, with the three most influential being disposal of aborted foetuses (3.78, 95% CI: 1.11-13.85), sharing resources with other farms (3.0, 95% CI: 1.1-8,6), and a herd size of > 23 animals (2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-6.0). Our findings suggest that the animal- and herd-level seroprevalence of BoHV-1 infection in the State of Paraíba is high. While some risk factors such as herd size and sharing resources were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 infection, these risk factors are initially likely to be of only minor relevance in a control programme due to the extremely high prevalence of infected farms. However, the results are relevant to the risk of reintroduction of disease on farms that have previously eradicated the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leíse Gomes Fernandes
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Rural Technology and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58700-970 Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Matthew James Denwood
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Clebert José Alves
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Rural Technology and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58700-970 Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana De Stefano
- Biological Institute, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Rural Technology and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58700-970 Patos, PB, Brazil.
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Zancanaro G, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): paratuberculosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04960. [PMID: 32625604 PMCID: PMC7010113 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of paratuberculosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of paratuberculosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to paratuberculosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, paratuberculosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for paratuberculosis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several species of mammals and birds as susceptible species and some species of the families Bovidae, Cervidae and Leporidae as reservoirs.
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Identification of candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in the native Italian Garfagnina goat breed. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1135-1142. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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