1
|
García-Giménez JL, Cánovas-Cervera I, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and metabolism meet epigenetic modulation in physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:123-137. [PMID: 38199289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cánovas-Cervera
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiménez-Martínez P, Sánchez-Valdepeñas J, Cornejo-Daza PJ, Cano-Castillo C, Asín-Izquierdo I, Alix-Fages C, Pareja-Blanco F, Colado JC. Effects of different phenylcapsaicin doses on neuromuscular activity and mechanical performance in trained male subjects: a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215644. [PMID: 37601635 PMCID: PMC10433207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of phenylcapsaicin (PC) supplementation on strength performance and neuromuscular activity in young trained male subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 25 trained subjects [full-squat (SQ) one repetition maximum (1RM) = 125.6 ± 21.0 kg] were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. The subjects performed a first session and a post-24 h session for each condition. In the first session, the subjects ingested a high dose of PC (HD, 2.5 mg), a low dose (LD, 0.625 mg), or a placebo (PLA). Their performance in SQ was assessed under a 3% × 8 × 70% 1RM protocol in the first session. Their performances in countermovement jump (CMJ), SQ with 60% 1RM, and isometric squat were measured before and after the SQ protocol in both sessions. The neural activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) was recorded via surface electromyography (EMG) and averaged in both sessions. Results: Significant differences between the conditions were reported for lifting velocity, velocity loss, and the 60% load in dynamic SQ (p range = 0.02-0.04). Electrical changes were not identified for any outcome, although neural activity changed across time (p range ≤0.001-0.006). A significant condition × time effect was observed in CMJ compared to PLA (p ≤0.001) and LD (p ≤0.001). Intra-set analyses revealed higher velocities in HD compared to those in LD (p = 0.01) and PLA (p range = 0.004-0.008). Conclusion: Therefore, PC may improve the strength performance and attenuate the mechanical fatigue induced by resistance training in SQ and CMJ exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Life Pro Nutrition Research Center, INDIEX, Madrid, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Valdepeñas
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Cornejo-Daza
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Clara Cano-Castillo
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iván Asín-Izquierdo
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Life Pro Nutrition Research Center, INDIEX, Madrid, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang JS, Kim D, Rhee J, Seo JY, Park I, Kim JH, Lee D, Lee W, Kim YL, Yoo K, Bae S, Chung J, Seong RH, Kong YY. Baf155 regulates skeletal muscle metabolism via HIF-1a signaling. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002192. [PMID: 37478146 PMCID: PMC10396025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During exercise, skeletal muscle is exposed to a low oxygen condition, hypoxia. Under hypoxia, the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is stabilized and induces expressions of its target genes regulating glycolytic metabolism. Here, using a skeletal muscle-specific gene ablation mouse model, we show that Brg1/Brm-associated factor 155 (Baf155), a core subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, is essential for HIF-1α signaling in skeletal muscle. Muscle-specific ablation of Baf155 increases oxidative metabolism by reducing HIF-1α function, which accompanies the decreased lactate production during exercise. Furthermore, the augmented oxidation leads to high intramuscular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and results in the enhancement of endurance exercise capacity. Mechanistically, our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis reveals that Baf155 modulates DNA-binding activity of HIF-1α to the promoters of its target genes. In addition, for this regulatory function, Baf155 requires a phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), which forms a coactivator complex with HIF-1α, to activate HIF-1α signaling. Our findings reveal the crucial role of Baf155 in energy metabolism of skeletal muscle and the interaction between Baf155 and hypoxia signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seol Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongha Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonwoo Rhee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inkuk Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daewon Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - WonUk Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lynne Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyusang Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghwan Bae
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davis EA, Shetty VB, Teo SY, Lim RJ, Patton SR, Taplin CE. Physical Activity Management for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Supporting Active and Inactive Children. Diabetes Spectr 2023; 36:137-145. [PMID: 37193201 PMCID: PMC10182969 DOI: 10.2337/dsi22-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity and exercise are important for youth and essential components of a healthy lifestyle. For youth with type 1 diabetes, regular physical activity can promote cardiovascular fitness, bone health, insulin sensitivity, and glucose management. However, the number of youth with type 1 diabetes who regularly meet minimum physical activity guidelines is low, and many encounter barriers to regular physical activity. Additionally, some health care professionals (HCPs) may be unsure how to approach the topic of exercise with youth and families in a busy clinic setting. This article provides an overview of current physical activity research in youth with type 1 diabetes, a basic description of exercise physiology in type 1 diabetes, and practical strategies for HCPs to conduct effective and individualized exercise consultations for youth with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinutha B. Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun Y.M. Teo
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel J. Lim
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Craig E. Taplin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mavroudi M, Kabasakalis A, Petridou A, Mougios V. Blood Lactate and Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate at Three Sprint Swimming Distances in Highly Trained and Elite Swimmers. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040087. [PMID: 37104161 PMCID: PMC10146159 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the blood lactate response, in terms of the maximal post-exercise concentration (Lamax), time to reach Lamax, and maximal lactate accumulation rate (VLamax), to swimming sprints of 25, 35, and 50 m. A total of 14 highly trained and elite swimmers (8 male and 6 female), aged 14-32, completed the 3 sprints in their specialization stroke with 30 min of passive rest in between. The blood lactate was measured right before and continually (every minute) after each sprint to detect the Lamax. The VLamax, a potential index of anaerobic lactic power, was calculated. The blood lactate concentration, swimming speed, and VLamax differed between the sprints (p < 0.001). The Lamax was highest after 50 m (13.8 ± 2.6 mmol·L-1, mean ± SD throughout), while the swimming speed and VLamax were highest at 25 m (2.16 ± 0.25 m·s-1 and 0.75 ± 0.18 mmol·L-1·s-1). The lactate peaked approximately 2 min after all the sprints. The VLamax in each sprint correlated positively with the speed and with each other. In conclusion, the correlation of the swimming speed with the VLamax suggests that the VLamax is an index of anaerobic lactic power and that it is possible to improve performance by augmenting the VLamax through appropriate training. To accurately measure the Lamax and, hence, the VLamax, we recommend starting blood sampling one minute after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavroudi
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anatoli Petridou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu W, Hou Q, Zhang J, Zhang W. Targeted energy metabolomics analysis of postmortem pork in an in vitro model as influenced by protein S-nitrosylation. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109073. [PMID: 36525918 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For exploring the effect of protein S-nitrosylation on the energy metabolism of early postmortem pork (within 24 h postmortem), the six Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle homogenates were treated with nitric oxide donor (NOR-3, (±)-(E)-4-Ethyl-2-(E)-hydroxyimino-5-nitro-3-hexenamide), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) and control (0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4) in the in vitro buffer system for 24 h, respectively. The western blotting result showed that NOR-3 treatment led to a greater level of protein S-nitrosylation (p < 0.05). However, S-nitrosylation levels had no significant difference between L-NAME and control groups (p > 0.05). In addition, results showed that 16 significantly differential energy metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and clearly separated among three groups in the principal component analysis. Four pathways (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, purine metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway) related to energy metabolism were significantly influenced by different levels of protein S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolites demonstrated that metabolites were in dynamic equilibrium with each other. These results indicate that protein S-nitrosylation can participate in and regulate energy metabolism postmortem pork through glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The skeletal muscle proteome consists of a large number of diverse protein species with a broad and dynamic concentration range. Since mature skeletal muscles are characterized by a distinctive combination of contractile cells with differing physiological and biochemical properties, it is essential to determine specific differences in the protein composition of fast, slow, and hybrid fibers. Fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is a powerful comparative tool to analyze fiber type-specific differences between predominantly fast contracting versus slower twitching muscles. In this chapter, the application of the 2D-DIGE method for the comparative analysis of different subtypes of skeletal muscles is outlined in detail. A standardized proteomic workflow is described, involving sample preparation, protein extraction, differential fluorescence labeling using a 3-CyDye system, first-dimension isoelectric focusing, second-dimension slab gel electrophoresis, 2D-DIGE image analysis, protein digestion, and mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Acute Mechanical and Metabolic Responses to Different Resistance Training Protocols With Equated Volume Load. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:402-413. [PMID: 36812922 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of different resistance training protocols with equated volume load on acute mechanical and metabolic responses. METHODS In a randomized order, 18 men performed 8 different training protocols in the bench press exercise consisting of (sets, repetitions, intensity, and interset recoveries) 3 × 16, 40% 1-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 and 5 minutes; 6 × 8, 40% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes; 3 × 8, 80% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes; and 6 × 4, 80% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes. Volume load was equalized between protocols (1920 arbitrary units). Velocity loss and effort index were calculated during the session. Movement velocity against the 60% 1RM and blood lactate concentration pre-post exercise were used to assess the mechanical and metabolic responses, respectively. RESULTS Resistance training protocols performed with heavy load (80% 1RM) resulted in a lower (P < .05) total number of repetitions (effect size = -2.44) and volume load (effect size = -1.79) than the scheduled ones when longer set configurations and shorter rest periods were used in the same protocol (ie, higher-training-density protocols). Protocols including a higher number of repetitions per set and shorter rest times induced higher velocity loss, effort index, and lactate concentrations than the rest of the protocols. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that resistance training protocols with similar volume load but different training variables (ie, intensity, number of sets and repetitions, rest between sets) produce different responses. Implementing a lower number of repetitions per set and longer rest intervals is recommended to reduce the intrasession and postsession fatigue.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Comparison of Anaerobic Power using Two Tests in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Children. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1076294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF), a progressive and multi-systemic disease, causes reduced anaerobic performance. This study aimed to compare anaerobic power using two tests (Counter-movement Vertical Jump and Wingate Anaerobic Test) in CF patients and healthy children.
Material and Methods: Eighteen CF and 18 healthy children were included in this prospective study. Knee extensor muscle strength and body composition were assessed with a digital handheld dynamometer and Tanita-BC 418, respectively. Anaerobic power was evaluated with Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and Counter-movement Vertical Jump (CMJ) using a triaxial accelerometer (G-Walk).
Results: Maximum concentric power, peak speed, impact force, take-off force, and jump height were significantly worse in the CF group than in their healthy peers (p
Collapse
|
10
|
Maroco JL, Pinto M, Laranjo S, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Cardiovagal modulation in young and older male adults following acute aerobic exercise. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:931-940. [PMID: 35508200 DOI: 10.1055/a-1843-7974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared response patterns of cardiovagal modulation through indices of heart-rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at 10 and 60 min following an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in active young and older adults. Twelve young (aged 20-40 years) and older (aged 57-76 years) healthy and active male adults performed an isocaloric acute bout of HIIE, MICE, or a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. HRV and BRS indices were analysed offline with R-R intervals obtained from a supine position. HIIE decreased natural logarithm (Ln) standard deviation of NN intervals (d= -0.53; 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.30 ms, p<0.001), Ln-root mean square of successive differences (d= -0.85; 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.61 ms, p<0.001), Ln-high-frequency power (d= -1.60; 95% CI: -2.11 to -1.10 ms2; p<0.001), and BRS (d= -6.28; 95% CI: -8.91 to -3.64 ms/mmHg, p <0.001) following exercise in young and older adults, whereas MICE did not. Indices returned to baseline following 60 min. We found no evidence of age-associated response patterns in HRV or BRS to a single bout of HIIE or MICE in active participants. HIIE reduced cardiovagal modulation in active young and older adults, returning to baseline values 60 min into recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Melo
- , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duan BB, Xu JW, Xing T, Li JL, Zhang L, Gao F. Creatine nitrate supplementation strengthens energy status and delays glycolysis of broiler muscle via inhibition of LKB1/AMPK pathway. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101653. [PMID: 35007932 PMCID: PMC8749301 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine nitrate (CrN) on growth performance, meat quality, energy status, glycolysis, and related gene expression of liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) pathway in Pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers. A total of 240 male Arbor Acres broilers (28-day-old) were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments: the basal diet (control group), and the basal diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), 300, 600, or 900 mg/kg CrN (identified as GAA600, CrN300, CrN600, or CrN900, respectively). We found that dietary GAA and CrN supplementation for 14 d from d 28 to 42 did not affect broiler growth performance, carcass traits, and textural characteristics of breast muscle. GAA600, CrN600, and CrN900 treatments increased pH24h and decreased drip loss of PM muscle compared with the control (P < 0.05). The PM muscles of CrN600 and CrN900 groups showed higher glycogen concentration and lower lactic acid concentration accompanied by lower activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, GAA600 and all CrN treatments increased concentration of muscle creatine, phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP, and decreased AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of muscle creatine, PCr, and ATP were increased linearly, while muscle AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio were decreased linearly and quadratic as the dose of CrN increased (P < 0.05). GAA600, CrN600, and CrN900 treatments upregulated mRNA expression of CreaT in PM muscle, and CrN600 and CrN900 treatments downregulated GAMT expression in liver and PM muscle compared with the control or GAA600 groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of muscle LKB1, AMPKα1, and AMPKα2 was downregulated linearly in response to the increasing CrN level (P < 0.05). Overall, CrN showed better efficacy on strengthening muscle energy status and improve meat quality than GAA at the some dose. These results indicate that CrN may be a potential replacement for GAA as a new creatine supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B B Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - J W Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Leybaert L, de Maré L, Goethals K, De Spiegelaere W, Oosterlinck M, Delesalle C. Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:718866. [PMID: 34733900 PMCID: PMC8558477 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.718866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Training-induced follow-up of multiple muscle plasticity parameters in postural stability vs. locomotion muscles provides an integrative physiological view on shifts in the muscular metabolic machinery. It can be expected that not all muscle plasticity parameters show the same expression time profile across muscles. This knowledge is important to underpin results of metabolomic studies. Twelve non-competing Standardbred mares were subjected to standardized harness training. Muscle biopsies were taken on a non-training day before and after 8 weeks. Shifts in muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were compared in the m. pectoralis, the m. vastus lateralis, and the m. semitendinosus. In the m. vastus lateralis, which showed most pronounced training-induced plasticity, two additional muscle plasticity parameters (capillarization and mitochondrial density) were assessed. In the m. semitendinosus, additionally the mean minimum Feret's diameter was assessed. There was a significant difference in baseline profiles. The m. semitendinosus contained less type I and more type IIX fibers compatible with the most pronounced anaerobic profile. Though no baseline fiber type-specific and overall mean CSA differences could be detected, there was a clear post-training decrease in fiber type specific CSA, most pronounced for the m. vastus lateralis, and this was accompanied by a clear increase in capillary supply. No shifts in mitochondrial density were detected. The m. semitendinosus showed a decrease in fiber type specific CSA of type IIAX fibers and a decrease of type I fiber Feret's diameter as well as mean minimum Feret's diameter. The training-induced increased capillary supply in conjunction with a significant decrease in muscle fiber CSA suggests that the muscular machinery models itself toward an optimal smaller individual muscle fiber structure to receive and process fuels that can be swiftly delivered by the circulatory system. These results are interesting in view of the recently identified important fuel candidates such as branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and gut microbiome-related xenobiotics, which need a rapid gut-muscle gateway to reach these fibers and are less challenging for the mitochondrial system. More research is needed with that respect. Results also show important differences between muscle groups with respect to baseline and training-specific modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance de Meeûs d'Argenteuil
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Vidal Moreno de Vega
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorie de Maré
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Klara Goethals
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group Biometrics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Cathérine Delesalle
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, and Glycemic Management in Active Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: An Online Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179332. [PMID: 34501920 PMCID: PMC8431360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are able to balance their blood glucose levels while engaging in a wide variety of physical activities and sports. However, insulin use forces them to contend with many daily training and performance challenges involved with fine-tuning medication dosing, physical activity levels, and dietary patterns to optimize their participation and performance. The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables related to the diabetes management of physically active individuals with T1D have the greatest impact on overall blood glucose levels (reported as A1C) in a real-world setting. A total of 220 individuals with T1D completed an online survey to self-report information about their glycemic management, physical activity patterns, carbohydrate and dietary intake, use of diabetes technologies, and other variables that impact diabetes management and health. In analyzing many variables affecting glycemic management, the primary significant finding was that A1C values in lower, recommended ranges (<7%) were significantly predicted by a very-low carbohydrate intake dietary pattern, whereas the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices had the greatest predictive ability when A1C was above recommended (≥7%). Various aspects of physical activity participation (including type, weekly time, frequency, and intensity) were not significantly associated with A1C for participants in this survey. In conclusion, when individuals with T1D are already physically active, dietary changes and more frequent monitoring of glucose may be most capable of further enhancing glycemic management.
Collapse
|
14
|
Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094963. [PMID: 34066984 PMCID: PMC8124511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human body requires energy to function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular currency for energy-requiring processes including mechanical work (i.e., exercise). ATP used by the cells is ultimately derived from the catabolism of energy substrate molecules—carbohydrates, fat, and protein. In prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise, there is a delicate interplay between carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and this bioenergetic process is tightly regulated by numerous physiological, nutritional, and environmental factors such as exercise intensity and duration, body mass and feeding state. Carbohydrate metabolism is of critical importance during prolonged endurance-type exercise, reflecting the physiological need to regulate glucose homeostasis, assuring optimal glycogen storage, proper muscle fuelling, and delaying the onset of fatigue. Fat metabolism represents a sustainable source of energy to meet energy demands and preserve the ‘limited’ carbohydrate stores. Coordinated neural, hormonal and circulatory events occur during prolonged endurance-type exercise, facilitating the delivery of fatty acids from adipose tissue to the working muscle for oxidation. However, with increasing exercise intensity, fat oxidation declines and is unable to supply ATP at the rate of the exercise demand. Protein is considered a subsidiary source of energy supporting carbohydrates and fat metabolism, contributing to approximately 10% of total ATP turnover during prolonged endurance-type exercise. In this review we present an overview of substrate metabolism during prolonged endurance-type exercise and the regulatory mechanisms involved in ATP turnover to meet the energetic demands of exercise.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim C, Hwang JK. Flavonoids: nutraceutical potential for counteracting muscle atrophy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1619-1640. [PMID: 33282430 PMCID: PMC7708614 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the conversion of chemical energy into physical force. Muscle atrophy, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, is a symptom of chronic disease (cachexia), aging (sarcopenia), and muscle disuse (inactivity). To date, several trials have been conducted to prevent and inhibit muscle atrophy development; however, few interventions are currently available for muscle atrophy. Recently, food ingredients, plant extracts, and phytochemicals have received attention as treatment sources to prevent muscle wasting. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds found in foods and plants. They possess diverse biological activities, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The effects of flavonoids on muscle atrophy have been investigated by monitoring molecular mechanisms involved in protein turnover, mitochondrial activity, and myogenesis. This review summarizes the reported effects of flavonoids on sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy, thus, providing an insight into the understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaviani M, Izadi A, Heshmati J. Would creatine supplementation augment exercise performance during a low carbohydrate high fat diet? Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110369. [PMID: 33214000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets are emerging in popularity. Several athletics have adopted LCHF diets in an attempt to improve exercise performance and body composition by enhancing fat utilization. However, these diets impair maximal and supramaximal exercise performance due to limited glycogen stores as well as increasing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). All of these factors may impact training volume and compliance, leading to less optimal training adaptations over time. In contrast, LCHF diets is an effective strategy for weight and fat mass loss and is beneficial for a variety of metabolic processes. One potential nutritional strategy to off-set the negative aspects of a LCHF is creatine (Cr). Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle power output and reduce the rate of fatigue; thereby allowing individuals to work at a higher intensity for a greater duration. Furthermore, Cr supplementation may positively enhance body composition (gains in muscle mass and possibly aid in fat mass loss). Despite the popularity of both LCHF and creatine supplementation, there is no data available investigating the effects of Cr supplementation on exercise performance and body composition during LCHF diets in humans. We would hypothesize that Cr supplementation may augment exercise performance (anerobic power and strength) during a LCHF diet compared to a LCHF diet and placebo. In addition, combining Cr with a LCHF diet would further increase body fat loss and improve body composition compared to a LCHF diet and/or low-fat diets (LFDs) placebo. Our hypotheses would be under the assumption that total caloric intake and protein intake are matched. Future research is warranted to examine chronic exercise with LCHF diets with and without creatine and compare performance and body composition changes to high carbohydrate diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mongin D, Chabert C, Uribe Caparros A, Guzmán JFV, Hue O, Alvero-Cruz JR, Courvoisier DS. The complex relationship between effort and heart rate: a hint from dynamic analysis. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:105003. [PMID: 33164909 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abbb6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dynamic analysis can be used to study the changes of self-regulated biological processes driven by external stimuli. Recently, the changes of heart rate during effort tests has successfully been adjusted using a simple first-order differential equation model driven by body power expenditure. Although this approach produces valid estimates and yields pertinent indices for the analysis of such measurements, it suffers from an inability to model the saturation of the heart-rate increase at high power expenditures and the change of heart-rate equilibrium following effort. APPROACH We propose a new analysis allowing the estimation of changes of the heart rate in response to effort (gain) as a function of the power expenditure value. MAIN RESULTS When applied to the measured heart rates of 30 amateur athletes performing a maximum graded-effort treadmill test, the proposed model was able to predict 99% of the heart rate change measured during exercise. The estimated gains decreased with a power increase above the first ventilatory threshold. This trend was stronger above the second ventilatory threshold and was strongly correlated with the maximum oxygen consumption. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed approach yields a highly precise model of heart rate dynamics during variable effort that reflects the changes of metabolic energy systems at play during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Quality of Care Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
González-Hernández JM, Jimenez-Reyes P, Janicijevic D, Tufano JJ, Marquez G, Garcia-Ramos A. Effect of different interset rest intervals on mean velocity during the squat and bench press exercises. Sports Biomech 2020:1-14. [PMID: 32567492 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1766102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of three interset rest intervals (1, 3, and 5 minutes) on (I) mean velocity during a resistance training session conducted in a Smith machine with the squat and bench press exercises, and (II) the pre- and post-exercise force-velocity relationship. Fifteen male university students completed three sessions (i.e., Rest 1', Rest 3', and Rest 5') consisting of three sets of five repetitions against the 10RM load during the squat and bench press exercises. The force-velocity relationship (maximal values of force [F0], velocity [v0], and power [Pmax]) was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of each session with the countermovement jump and bench press throw exercises. During training, mean velocity was slower in sets 2 and 3 of the Rest 1' protocol compared to Rest 3' and Rest 5', but no significant differences were present between Rest 3' and Rest 5'. After training, there was a significant decrease in F0 (p = 0.017) and Pmax (p = 0.010), but not in v0 (p = 0.259). These results support the Rest 3' as the most time-efficient protocol, among those analysed, for the maintenance of high mean velocities during training sessions not leading to failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M González-Hernández
- Neuromove Research Group, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Faculty of Health Science, European University of Canarias, La Orotava, Spain
| | | | - Danica Janicijevic
- The Research Centre, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gonzalo Marquez
- Neuromove Research Group, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santagnello SB, Martins FM, de Oliveira Junior GN, de Freitas Rodrigues de Sousa J, Nomelini RS, Murta EFC, Orsatti FL. Improvements in muscle strength, power, and size and self-reported fatigue as mediators of the effect of resistance exercise on physical performance breast cancer survivor women: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6075-6084. [PMID: 32306100 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain more knowledge about the mechanism (i.e., mediators) of resistance exercise (RE)-induced improvements in physical performance (PP), we seek to investigate whether improvements in muscle strength (MS), muscle power (MP), and lean body mass (LBM) and (or) self-reported fatigue (SRF) are mediators of the effect of RE on PP in breast cancer survivor women (BCSW). METHODS The volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CT; n = 9) and resistance exercise (RE; n = 11). The RE protocol consisted of three sets in each exercise (leg extension, leg curl, 45° leg press, and calf raise), between 8 and 12 repetitions per set, with an estimated load of 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), and three times a week on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks. The CT group performed only stretching exercises twice a week. SRF, maximal muscle power (Pmax), MP, LBM, and PP were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory Questionnaire; 1RM test; isoinertial dynamometer; DXA; and walking speed, sit-to-stand (STS), and timed up and go (TUG) test, respectively. RESULTS Following 12 weeks, the RE group reduced SRF and increased MP, Pmax, LBM, and performance in all tests (walking speed, STS, and TUG) when compared with the CT group. There were significant associations of the changes in LBM, MS, Pmax, and SRF with changes in physical performance tests only in the RE group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that improvements in LBM, MS, MP, and self-reported fatigue mediate the effect of resistance exercise on physical performance in BCSW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarita Beraldo Santagnello
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Maria Martins
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON) and Gynecology and Obstetrics course, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON) and Gynecology and Obstetrics course, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim C, Hwang JK. The 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone Suppresses Sarcopenia by Regulating Protein Turnover and Mitochondria Biogenesis-Related Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041079. [PMID: 32295051 PMCID: PMC7230989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a muscle disease featured by the loss of muscle mass and dysfunction with advancing age. The 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF), a major flavone found in Kaempferia parviflora, has biological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation. However, its anti-sarcopenic effect remains to be elucidated. This current study investigated the inhibitory activity of DMF on sarcopenia. Eighteen-month-old mice were orally administered DMF at the dose of 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 or 50 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 8 weeks. DMF not only stimulated grip strength and exercise endurance but also increased muscle mass and volume. Besides, DMF stimulated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, consequently activating the mammalian target of rapamycin-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase pathway for protein synthesis. DMF reduced the mRNA expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase- and autophagy-lysosomal-related genes involved in proteolysis via the phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3. DMF upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A along with the increase of relative mitochondrial DNA content. DMF alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 serum and mRNA levels. Collectively, DMF can be used as a natural agent to inhibit sarcopenia via improving protein turnover and mitochondria function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ho KKY. The promise of growth hormone in sport: doped or duped. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:576-581. [PMID: 31939482 PMCID: PMC10522236 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH. Based on its anabolic properties, it is widely accepted that GH enhances muscle performance in sports. Athletic performance depends on muscle strength and the energy required to power muscle function. The energy required to power muscle function is derived from a continuum of anaerobic and aerobic sources. Molecular and functional studies provide evidence that in muscle GH stimulates the anaerobic and suppresses the aerobic energy system, in turn affecting power-based functional measures in a time-dependent manner. In recreational athletes, GH improves anaerobic capacity but has not been proven to significantly enhance muscle strength, power, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption. GH appears likely to selectively benefit sprint events and not physical performance that depends on strength and endurance. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):576-81.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken K. Y. Ho
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSt Vincent’s HospitalUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim C, Kim MB, Hwang JK. Red Bean Extract Inhibits Immobilization-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C57BL/6N Mice. J Med Food 2019; 23:29-36. [PMID: 31532323 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy, which is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, function, and protein content, can be caused by aging, disease, and physical inactivity. Red bean or Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) has been consumed as an edible legume. Red bean possesses various functional properties, such as antidiabetes, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. However, little is known about its potential inhibitory effect on muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of red bean extract (RBE) on muscle atrophy in an immobilized hindlimb muscle of C57BL/6J mice. RBE dose-dependently increased grip strength, exercise endurance, muscle weight, and myofiber area. At the molecular level, RBE significantly reduced the mRNA expression of proteolysis-related genes, such as muscle ring finger and muscle atrophy F-box by preventing the translocation of Forkhead box 3. RBE also activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway, subsequently stimulating the mammalian target of rapamycin/70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 pathway involved in protein synthesis. Overall, red bean could be used as a functional food ingredient or therapeutic agent to inhibit muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Li JL, Wang XF, Zhu XD, Gao F, Zhou GH. Attenuating effects of guanidinoacetic acid on preslaughter transport-induced muscle energy expenditure and rapid glycolysis of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3223-3232. [PMID: 30789221 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, plasma variables, muscle energy status, glycolytic potential, and meat quality of broilers experiencing transport stress during the summer. A total of 320 28-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments, including a GAA-free basal control diet (160 birds) and basal diet supplementation with 600 (80 birds) or 1,200 mg/kg (80 birds) GAA for 14 D. On the morning of day 42, after an 8-h fast, the birds fed basal diets were divided into 2 equal groups, and all birds in the 4 groups of 80 birds were transported according to the following protocols: 1) a 0.5-h transport of birds on basal diets (as a lower-stress control group), 2) a 3-h transport of birds on basal diets, and a 3-h transport of birds on basal diets supplemented with either 3) 600 or 4) 1,200 mg/kg GAA. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with GAA at 600 and 1,200 mg/kg for 14 D prior to slaughter did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, and most textural characteristics and chemical composition of the pectoralis major (PM) muscle (P > 0.05). In the GAA-free group, a 3-h transport increased the broiler live weight loss, elevated the plasma corticosterone concentration, decreased the plasma glucose concentration, muscle concentrations of ATP, creatine and energy charge value, increased the muscle AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio, and accelerated glycolysis metabolism, which resulted in inferior meat quality (lower pH and higher drip loss, P < 0.05). However, dietary addition of GAA at 1,200 mg/kg increased the mRNA expression of S-adenosyl-l-methionine: N-guanidino-acetate methyltransferase in the liver and creatine transporter in both the liver and PM muscle. It also elevated muscle concentrations of creatine and phosphocreatine (P < 0.05), which helps improve meat quality by ameliorating the 3-h transport-induced muscle energy expenditure and delaying anaerobic glycolysis of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - G H Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Holt RIG, Ho KKY. The Use and Abuse of Growth Hormone in Sports. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1163-1185. [PMID: 31180479 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
GH is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a performance-enhancing anabolic agent. Doping with GH likely began in the early 1980s and became more prevalent with the advent of recombinant technology well before any scientific evidence of benefit. The expectation that GH improves physical function stems from its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Athletic performance depends on muscle strength and the energy required to power muscle function. In recreational athletes, GH selectively improves anaerobic sprint capacity but has not been proven to significantly enhance muscle strength, power, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption. GH is secreted as a family of isoform peptides in a pulsatile manner reflecting intermittent secretion and rapid clearance. Its anabolic actions are largely mediated by IGF-I, which stimulates whole-body protein synthesis, including skeletal muscle and collagen proteins. Two methods have been validated for detecting GH abuse in athletes. The first (the isoform method) is based on distinguishing pure recombinant 22-kDa GH from the heterogeneous isoforms secreted from the pituitary. The second (the marker method) is based on measuring blood levels of GH-responsive proteins, specifically IGF-I and the N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (P-III-NP). Only a handful of athletes have been caught since the implementation of GH doping tests in 2004. The low rate likely reflects the limitation of in-competition testing using current methods. Improved detection rates may be achieved by more out-of-competition testing, introducing athletes' biological passports, and the development of novel methods. Governance, operational, technical, and political factors influence the effectiveness of an anti-doping program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Y Ho
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
West SL, White G, Caterini JE, Rayner T, Schechter T, Nathan PC, Wells GD. Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in Children Treated with Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant-A Pilot Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091608. [PMID: 31071941 PMCID: PMC6539134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intensive therapy for some pediatric hematological illnesses. Survivors are at risk for adverse effects including exercise intolerance. Peripheral tissue dysfunction may contribute to exercise intolerance; therefore, we examined the feasibility of a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol to evaluate skeletal muscle metabolism in children post-HSCT. We measured demographic characteristics, aerobic exercise capacity (YMCA protocol), and skeletal muscle function in response to exercise (MRS; Siemens 3T MRI) in five children post-allogeneic HSCT and five age/body mass index-matched healthy controls (HCs). The mean age (± standard deviation) of the HSCT group and HC group were 11 ± 1.2 and 12.8 ± 2.4 years, respectively. Children post-HSCT had a lower peak aerobic exercise capacity compared to HCs (27.8 ± 3.4 vs. 40.3 ± 8.1 mL kg−1 min−1, respectively; p = 0.015). Exercise MRS testing protocols were successfully completed by all HSCT and HC participants; however, MRS-derived skeletal muscle metabolism variables were not different between the two groups. In conclusion, the use of exercise protocols in conjunction with MRS to assess peripheral skeletal muscle metabolism was achievable in children post-HSCT. In the future, larger studies should determine if skeletal muscle function is associated with exercise capacity in children post-HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L West
- Department of Biology, Trent/Fleming School of Nursing, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Gillian White
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Jessica E Caterini
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Tammy Rayner
- Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Tal Schechter
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Greg D Wells
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lopes JSS, Micheletti JK, Machado AF, Souto LR, de Lima HP, Vanderlei FM, Junior JN, Pastre CM. Test-retest reliability of knee extensors endurance test with elastic resistance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203259. [PMID: 30169527 PMCID: PMC6118382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable clinical tests capable of measuring resistance are important tools for rehabilitation. One alternative that has recently increased in popularity is the use of elastic tubes, which stand out for being easy to handle, low cost, practical, and feasible. Objective Analyze the test-retest reliability of the knee extensors muscle fatigue resistance test (FRT) with elastic tubes. Methods A total of 116 healthy young males, aged between 18 and 30 years old, participated in the study. Participants performed three pre-test stages: orientation, load presentation, and familiarization with equipment, lasting two weeks. Subsequently, they performed the FRT on two occasions (test and retest), with an interval of seven days. The reliability analyzes were performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval and typical measurement error (TME), also expressed as coefficient of variation (CV%). Results The findings regarding the reliability of the test demonstrated satisfactory values (time: ICC = 0.66; 95%CI [0.50; 0.76]; CV(%) = 9.34; repetition: ICC = 0.61; 95%CI [0.46; 0.73], CV(%) = 13.66; rhythm: ICC = 0.52; 95%CI [0.35; 0.67], CV(%) = 10.29. Conclusion From the findings presented, it is concluded that the proposed clinical test with elastic tubes demonstrates evidence of acceptable values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Santos Silva Lopes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jéssica Kirsch Micheletti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aryane Flauzino Machado
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Souto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Paes de Lima
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciele Marques Vanderlei
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jayme Netto Junior
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy), Presidente Prudente São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Valério DF, Berton R, Conceição MS, Canevarolo RR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR, Meirelles GV, Zeri AC, Libardi CA. Early metabolic response after resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in well-trained men: a metabolomics approach. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:240-246. [PMID: 29049889 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the early metabolic response between high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE) and low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR). Nine young, well-trained men participated in a randomized crossover design in which each subject completed LL-BFR, HL-RE, or condition control (no exercise) with a 1-week interval between them. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 5 min after the exercise sessions. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified and quantified 48 metabolites, 6 of which presented significant changes among the exercise protocols. The HL-RE promoted a higher increase in pyruvate, lactate, and alanine compared with the LL-BFR and the control. HL-RE and LL-BFR promoted a higher increase in succinate compared with the control; however, there was no difference between HL-RE and LL-BFR. Also, while there was no difference in acetoacetate between HL-RE and LL-BFR, a greater decrease was observed in both compared with the control. Finally, LL-BFR promoted a greater decrease in choline compared with the control. In conclusion, this study provides by metabolomics a new insight in metabolic response between LL-BFR and HL-RE by demonstrating a distinct response to some metabolites that are not commonly analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis F Valério
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-851, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berton
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-851, Brazil
| | - Miguel S Conceição
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-851, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Canevarolo
- c Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children Hospital, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-210, Brazil.,d Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Mara Patrícia T Chacon-Mikahil
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-851, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- a Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-851, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V Meirelles
- d Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zeri
- e Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- b MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13.565-905, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thompson SJ, Riazi S, Kraeva N, Noseworthy MD, Rayner TE, Schneiderman JE, Cifra B, Wells GD. Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients With Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:434-441. [PMID: 28682948 PMCID: PMC9940015 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle, presents with a potentially lethal hypermetabolic reaction to certain anesthetics. However, some MH-susceptible patients experience muscle weakness, fatigue, and exercise intolerance in the absence of anesthetic triggers. The objective of this exploratory study was to elucidate the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients tested positive for MH with the caffeine-halothane contracture test. To this end, we used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and traditional exercise testing to compare skeletal muscle metabolism in MH-positive patients and healthy controls. METHODS Skeletal muscle metabolism was assessed using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI in 29 MH-positive patients and 20 healthy controls. Traditional measures of physical capacity were employed to measure aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and muscle strength. RESULTS During 30- and 60-second exercise, MH-positive patients had significantly lower ATP production via the oxidative pathway compared to healthy controls. MH-positive patients also had a longer recovery time with blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI compared to healthy controls. Exercise testing revealed lower aerobic and anaerobic capacity in MH-positive patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Results of this exploratory study suggest that MH-positive patients have impaired aerobic metabolism compared to healthy individuals. This could explain the exercise intolerance exhibited in MH-susceptible patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Thompson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Kraeva
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D. Noseworthy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tammy E. Rayner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane E. Schneiderman
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Cifra
- Division of Cardiology, the Labatt Family Heart Centre, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg D. Wells
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Silvestre JGO, Speretta GFF, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Duarte ACGDO. Acute effects of Resistance exercise performed on ladder on energy metabolism, stress, and muscle damage in rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
30
|
Bessa AL, Oliveira VN, Agostini GG, Oliveira RJS, Oliveira ACS, White GE, Wells GD, Teixeira DNS, Espindola FS. Exercise Intensity and Recovery: Biomarkers of Injury, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:311-9. [PMID: 23604000 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828f1ee9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers of inflammation, muscle damage, and oxidative stress after high-intensity exercise have been described previously; however, further understanding of their role in the postexercise recovery period is necessary. Because these markers have been implicated in cell signaling, they may be specifically related to the training adaptations induced by high-intensity exercise. Thus, a clear model showing their responses to exercise may be useful in characterizing the relative recovery status of an athlete. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the time course of markers of muscle damage and inflammation in the blood from 3 to 72 hours after combined training exercises and (b) to investigate indicators of oxidative stress and damage associated with increased reactive oxygen species production during high-intensity exercise in elite athletes. Nineteen male athletes performed a combination of high-intensity aerobic and anaerobic training exercises. Samples were acquired immediately before and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. The appearance and clearance of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood occurred faster than previous studies have reported. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio summarizes the mobilization of 2 leukocyte subpopulations in a single marker and may be used to predict the end of the postexercise recovery period. Further analysis of the immune response using serum cytokines indicated that high-intensity exercise performed by highly trained athletes only generated inflammation that was localized to the skeletal muscle. Biomarkers are not a replacement for performance tests, but when used in conjunction, they may offer a better indication of metabolic recovery status. Therefore, the use of biomarkers can improve a coach's ability to assess the recovery period after an exercise session and to establish the intensity of subsequent training sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur L Bessa
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIHM) of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 4Laboratory of Immunobiology and Cellular Activation, Federal University of Trangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 5Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and 6Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fu JP, Mo WC, Liu Y, He RQ. Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:212-22. [PMID: 27003876 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypomagnetic field (HMF), one of the key environmental risk factors for astronauts traveling in outer space, has previously been shown to repress locomotion of mammalians. However, underlying mechanisms of how HMF affects the motor system remains poorly understood. In this study, we created an HMF (<3 μT) by eliminating geomagnetic field (GMF, ∼50 μT) and exposed primary mouse skeletal muscle cells to this low magnetic field condition for a period of three days. HMF-exposed cells showed a decline in cell viability relative to GMF control, even though cells appeared normal in terms of morphology and survival rate. After a 3-day HMF-exposure, glucose consumption of skeletal muscle cells was significantly lower than GMF control, accompanied by less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content and higher ADP/ATP ratio. In agreement with these findings, mitochondrial membrane potential of HMF-exposed cells was also lower, whereas levels of cellular Reactive Oxygen Species were higher. Moreover, viability and membrane potential of isolated mitochondria were reduced after 1 h HMF-exposure in vitro. Our results indicate that mitochondria can directly respond to HMF at functional level, and suggest that HMF-induced decline in cell functionality results from a reduction in energy production and mitochondrial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Chuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effect of High Intensity Interval and Continuous Swimming Training on Body Mass Adiposity Level and Serum Parameters in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:2194120. [PMID: 26904718 PMCID: PMC4745287 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2194120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of interval and continuous training on the body mass gain and adiposity levels of rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, standard diet and high-fat diet, and received their respective diets for a period of four weeks without exercise stimuli. After this period, the animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): control standard diet (CS), control high-fat diet (CH), continuous training standard diet (CTS), continuous training high-fat diet (CTH), interval training standard diet (ITS), and interval training high-fat diet (ITH). The interval and continuous training consisted of a swimming exercise performed over eight weeks. CH rats had greater body mass gain, sum of adipose tissues mass, and lower serum high density lipoprotein values than CS. The trained groups showed lower values of feed intake, caloric intake, body mass gain, and adiposity levels compared with the CH group. No significant differences were observed between the trained groups (CTS versus ITS and CTH versus ITH) on body mass gains and adiposity levels. In conclusion, both training methodologies were shown to be effective in controlling body mass gain and adiposity levels in high-fat diet fed rats.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chamari K, Padulo J. 'Aerobic' and 'Anaerobic' terms used in exercise physiology: a critical terminology reflection. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2015; 1:9. [PMID: 27747843 PMCID: PMC5016084 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this Current Opinion article is to focus on the appropriate use of the terms 'aerobic'- and 'anaerobic'-exercise in sports medicine, in order to try to unify their use across coaches/athletes and sport scientists. Despite the high quality of most of the investigations, the terms aerobic/anaerobic continue to be used inappropriately by some researchers in exercise science. Until late 2014, for instance, 14,883 and 6,136 articles were cited in PubMed, in the field of 'exercise science', using the words 'aerobic' or 'anaerobic', respectively. In this regard, some authors still misuse these terms. For example, we believe it is wrong to classify an effort as 'anaerobic lactic exercise' when other metabolic pathways are also simultaneously involved. It has extensively been shown that the contribution of the metabolic pathways mainly depends on both exercise intensity and duration. Therefore, it is our intent to further clarify this crucial point and to simplify this terminology for coaches and sports scientists. In this regard, several research articles are discussed in relation to the terminology used to describe the predominant metabolic pathways active at different exercise durations and the oversimplification this introduces. In conclusion, we suggest that sports scientists and field practitioners should use the following terms for all-out ('maximal') efforts based on exercise duration: (a) 'Explosive Efforts' (duration up to 6 s, with preponderance of the 'phosphagens' metabolic pathway'); (b) 'High Intensity Efforts' (efforts comprised between >6 s and 1 min, with preponderance of the 'glycolytic pathway'), and
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University e-Campus, Via Isimbardi, 10-22060 Novedrate, CO Italy
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aydin L, Kiziltan E, Gundogan NU. Polyphasic Temporal Behavior of Finger-Tapping Performance: A Measure of Motor Skills and Fatigue. J Mot Behav 2015; 48:72-8. [PMID: 25988674 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Successive voluntary motor movement involves a number of physiological mechanisms and may reflect motor skill development and neuromuscular fatigue. In this study, the temporal behavior of finger tapping was investigated in relation to motor skills and fatigue by using a long-term computer-based test. The finger-tapping performances of 29 healthy male volunteers were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression models established for inter-tapping interval. The results suggest that finger-tapping performance exhibits a polyphasic nature, and has several characteristic time points, which may be directly related to muscle dynamics and energy consumption. In conclusion, we believe that future studies evaluating the polyphasic nature of the maximal voluntary movement will lead to the definition of objective scales that can be used in the follow up of some neuromuscular diseases, as well as, the determination of motor skills, individual ability, and peripheral fatigue through the use of a low cost, easy-to-use computer-based finger-tapping test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Aydin
- a Department of Physiology , Baskent University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Erhan Kiziltan
- a Department of Physiology , Baskent University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nimet Unay Gundogan
- a Department of Physiology , Baskent University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Remels AHV, Gosker HR, Verhees KJP, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation stimulates skeletal muscle glycolytic metabolism through activation of HIF-1α. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1770-81. [PMID: 25710281 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A shift in quadriceps muscle metabolic profile toward decreased oxidative metabolism and increased glycolysis is a consistent finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic inflammation has been proposed as a trigger of this pathological metabolic adaptation. Indeed, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α impairs muscle oxidative metabolism through activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Putative effects on muscle glycolysis, however, are unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling stimulates muscle glycolytic metabolism through activation of the glycolytic regulator hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Wild-type C2C12 and C2C12-IκBα-SR (blocked NF-κB signaling) myotubes were stimulated with TNF-α, and its effects on glycolytic metabolism and involvement of the HIF pathway herein were investigated. As proof of principle, expression of HIF signaling constituents was investigated in quadriceps muscle biopsies of a previously well-characterized cohort of clinically stable patients with severe COPD and healthy matched controls. TNF-α increased myotube glucose uptake and lactate production and enhanced the activity and expression levels of multiple effectors of muscle glycolytic metabolism in a NF-κB-dependent manner. In addition, TNF-α activated HIF signaling, which required classical NF-κB activation. Moreover, the knockdown of HIF-1α largely attenuated TNF-α-induced increases in glycolytic metabolism. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of HIF-1α and the HIF-1α target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were increased in muscle biopsies of COPD patients compared with controls, which was most pronounced in the patients with high levels of muscle TNF-α. In conclusion, these data show that TNF-α-induced classical NF-κB activation enhances muscle glycolytic metabolism in a HIF-1α-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H V Remels
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Olpin SE, Murphy E, Kirk RJ, Taylor RW, Quinlivan R. The investigation and management of metabolic myopathies. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:410-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic myopathies (MM) are rare inherited primary muscle disorders that are mainly due to abnormalities of muscle energy metabolism resulting in skeletal muscle dysfunction. These diseases include disorders of fatty acid oxidation, glyco(geno)lytic muscle disorders and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disease. Clinically these disorders present with a range of symptoms including infantile hypotonia, myalgia/exercise tolerance, chronic or acute muscle weakness, cramps/spasms/stiffness or episodic acute rhabdomyolysis. The precipitant may be fasting, infection, general anaesthesia, heat/cold or most commonly, exercise. However, the differential diagnosis includes a wide range of both acquired and inherited conditions and these include exposure to drugs/toxins, inflammatory myopathies, dystrophies and channelopathies. Streamlining of existing diagnostic protocols has now become a realistic prospect given the availability of second-generation sequencing. A diagnostic pathway using a ‘rhabdomyolysis’ gene panel at an early stage of the diagnostic process is proposed. Following detailed clinical evaluation and first-line investigations, some patients will be identified as candidates for McArdle disease/glycogen storage disease type V or MRC disease and these will be referred directly to the specialised services. However, for the majority of patients, second-line investigation is best undertaken through next-generation sequencing using a ‘rhabdomyolysis’ gene panel. Following molecular analysis and careful evaluation of the findings, some patients will receive a clear diagnosis. Further functional or specific targeted testing may be required in other patients to evaluate the significance of uncertain/equivocal findings. For patients with no clear diagnosis, further investigations will be required through a specialist centre.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kolpakova ME, Veselkina OS, Vlasov TD. Creatine in Cell Metabolism and Its Protective Action in Cerebral Ischemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-015-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Urakawa S, Takamoto K, Nakamura T, Sakai S, Matsuda T, Taguchi T, Mizumura K, Ono T, Nishijo H. Manual therapy ameliorates delayed-onset muscle soreness and alters muscle metabolites in rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12279. [PMID: 25713324 PMCID: PMC4393190 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can be induced by lengthening contraction (LC); it can be characterized by tenderness and movement-related pain in the exercised muscle. Manual therapy (MT), including compression of exercised muscles, is widely used as physical rehabilitation to reduce pain and promote functional recovery. Although MT is beneficial for reducing musculoskeletal pain (i.e. DOMS), the physiological mechanisms of MT remain unclear. In the present study, we first developed an animal model of MT in DOMS; LC was applied to the rat gastrocnemius muscle under anesthesia, which induced mechanical hyperalgesia 2–4 days after LC. MT (manual compression) ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia. Then, we used capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (CE-TOFMS) to investigate early effects of MT on the metabolite profiles of the muscle experiencing DOMS. The rats were divided into the following three groups; (1) normal controls, (2) rats with LC application (LC group), and (3) rats undergoing MT after LC (LC + MT group). According to the CE-TOFMS analysis, a total of 171 metabolites were detected among the three groups, and 19 of these metabolites were significant among the groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of eight metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids, carnitine, and malic acid, were significantly different between the LC + MT and LC groups. The results suggest that MT significantly altered metabolite profiles in DOMS. According to our findings and previous data regarding metabolites in mitochondrial metabolism, the ameliorative effects of MT might be mediated partly through alterations in metabolites associated with mitochondrial respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Takamoto
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sakai
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Teru Matsuda
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Department of Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lalonde F, Curnier DY. Can Anaerobic Performance Be Improved by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning? J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:80-5. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Wells GD, Wilkes DL, Schneiderman JE, Thompson S, Coates AL, Ratjen F. Physiological correlates of pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:878-84. [PMID: 24166871 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although peak aerobic capacity (VO(2peak)) has been linked to outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), measuring is time consuming, and requires expensive equipment and expertise that is not readily available in all centers. Other fitness parameters such as peak anaerobic power, measures of power and strength may be simpler to deliver in the clinic. The relationship between these measures and established outcomes such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and peak aerobic power (VO(2peak)) in CF remains unclear. Therefore we evaluated (a) aerobic fitness, (b) anaerobic fitness, and (c) upper and lower body muscle strength to determine their relationship to FEV(1) and VO(2peak) in children with CF. METHODS Eighty-two patients (7-18 years) with CF (40 female) from the CF clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto performed a maximal incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Anaerobic power (W) for 10 and 30 sec cycling trials as well as vertical jump (VJ) and hand grip strength (HG) were compared to FEV(1) and VO(2peak). RESULTS Absolute VO(2peak) (R(2) = 0.16, P < 0.001), anaerobic power (R(2) = 0.21, P < 0.001), and hand grip strength (R(2) = 0.10, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated to lung function whereas measures of explosive lower body strength (VJ) were not. Anaerobic power (R(2) = 0.16, P = 0.001) and hand grip strength (R(2) = 0.08, P = 0.01) were related to VO(2peak). Vertical jump was correlated with VO(2peak) (R(2) = 0.29, P < 0.001) but not FEV(1). CONCLUSIONS Simple fitness tests such as hand grip strength and anaerobic cycle tests may be useful indicators of lung health and fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Wells
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, Physical Education, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Banks L, Wells GD, McCrindle BW. Cardiac energy metabolism is positively associated with skeletal muscle energy metabolism in physically active adolescents and young adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:363-8. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P MRS) is a well-validated, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique that has been used to determine cardiac and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in vivo. Few studies have documented cardiac energy metabolism in adolescents and young adult cohorts. This cross-sectional study sought to explore the association among cardiac energy metabolism, skeletal muscle energy metabolism, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and age in adolescents and young adults. Ten healthy, active participants (40% male) with a mean ± SD age of 18.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index of 21.1 ± 2.4 kg·m−2, and median MVPA level of 83 min per weekday (lower quartile: 45 min per weekday; upper quartile: 114 min per weekday) completed the following study assessments: a 31P MRS scan to determine cardiac and skeletal muscle energy metabolism, cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine aerobic power, and accelerometry to determine MVPA over 7 days. Resting cardiac energy metabolism, as measured by the ratio of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATPβ, mean ± SD: 2.76 ± 0.65), was positively associated with skeletal muscle aerobic oxidative function (Estimate (SE): −0.1(0.01), p < 0.001), as measured by PCr recovery half-time following 60 s of exercise (34 ± 9 s). This association, which was adjusted for peak aerobic power, MVPA, age, and sex, suggests the development of an association between cardiac and skeletal muscle health at any early age. Larger studies are needed to establish normative data for both physically active and sedentary males and females that may be used for comparison in future studies involving clinical cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Banks
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Greg D. Wells
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian W. McCrindle
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH. Based on its anabolic properties, it is widely accepted that GH enhances muscle performance in sports and muscle function in the elderly. This paper critically reviews information on the effects of GH on muscle function covering structure, protein metabolism, the role of IGF1 mediation, bioenergetics and performance drawn from molecular, cellular and physiological studies on animals and humans. GH increases muscle strength by enhancing muscle mass without affecting contractile force or fibre composition type. GH stimulates whole-body protein accretion with protein synthesis occurring in muscular and extra-muscular sites. The energy required to power muscle function is derived from a continuum of anaerobic and aerobic sources. Molecular and functional studies provide evidence that GH stimulates the anaerobic and suppresses the aerobic energy system, in turn affecting power-based functional measures in a time-dependent manner. GH exerts complex multi-system effects on skeletal muscle function in part mediated by the IGF system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viral Chikani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Centres for Health Research, Princess Alexandra Hospital; The Translational Research Institute and the University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Wooloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kabasakalis A, Tsalis G, Zafrana E, Loupos D, Mougios V. Effects of endurance and high-intensity swimming exercise on the redox status of adolescent male and female swimmers. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:747-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.850595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Tsalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios Loupos
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carberry S, Brinkmeier H, Zhang Y, Winkler CK, Ohlendieck K. Comparative proteomic profiling of soleus, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis and interosseus muscles from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:544-56. [PMID: 23828267 PMCID: PMC3782555 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is due to genetic abnormalities in the dystrophin gene and represents one of the most frequent genetic childhood diseases. In the X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mouse model of dystrophinopathy, different subtypes of skeletal muscles are affected to a varying degree albeit the same single base substitution within exon 23 of the dystrophin gene. Thus, to determine potential muscle subtype-specific differences in secondary alterations due to a deficiency in dystrophin, in this study, we carried out a comparative histological and proteomic survey of mdx muscles. We intentionally included the skeletal muscles that are often used for studying the pathomechanism of muscular dystrophy. Histological examinations revealed a significantly higher degree of central nucleation in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles compared with the flexor digitorum brevis and interosseus muscles. Muscular hypertrophy of 20–25% was likewise only observed in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles from mdx mice, but not in the flexor digitorum brevis and interosseus muscles. For proteomic analysis, muscle protein extracts were separated by fluorescence two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Proteins with a significant change in their expression were identified by mass spectrometry. Proteomic profiling established an altered abundance of 24, 17, 19 and 5 protein species in the dystrophin-deficient soleus, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis and interosseus muscle, respectively. The key proteomic findings were verified by immunoblot analysis. The identified proteins are involved in the contraction-relaxation cycle, metabolite transport, muscle metabolism and the cellular stress response. Thus, histological and proteomic profiling of muscle subtypes from mdx mice indicated that distinct skeletal muscles are differentially affected by the loss of the membrane cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin. Varying degrees of perturbed protein expression patterns in the muscle subtypes from mdx mice may be due to dissimilar downstream events, including differences in muscle structure or compensatory mechanisms that counteract pathophysiological processes. The interosseus muscle from mdx mice possibly represents a naturally protected phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Carberry
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wells GD, O'Gorman CS, Rayner T, Caterini J, Thompson S, Bradley T, Hamilton J. Skeletal muscle abnormalities in girls and adolescents with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2521-7. [PMID: 23553856 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder occurring in approximately 1 in 2500 live births. Individuals with TS report lower levels of physical activity than healthy control (HC) subjects. Cardiorespiratory limitations may contribute to the observed reduction in physical activity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare muscle metabolism of patients with TS vs HC subjects before and after exercise using exercise testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. DESIGN We hypothesized that girls and adolescents with TS would have muscle metabolic abnormalities not present in the HC population. SETTING The research was conducted at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen participants with TS were age-, activity-, and body mass index Z-score-matched with 16 HC subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterize muscle metabolism at rest and after 30 seconds of high-intensity exercise, 60 seconds of moderate-intensity exercise, and 5 minutes of low-intensity exercise. RESULTS While achieving the same workloads, participants with TS exhibited a greater difference between rest and end-exercise pH compared with HC subjects after 30 seconds (TS, 0.29 ± 0.04; HC, 0.21 ± 0.08; P = .03) and 90 seconds (TS, 0.47 ± 0.22; HC, 0.32 ± 0.13; P = .02) of exercise. During the 5-minute exercise test, similar workloads were achieved between groups; however, ATP production was greater in participants with TS vs the HC subjects via all 3 bioenergetic pathways (total ATP: TS, 0.90 ± 0.34; HC, 0.60 ± 0.25; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that patients with TS exhibit greater anaerobic stress during exercise than HC subjects, which may lead to symptoms of increased muscle fatigue with short bursts of activity. Recovery metabolism after exercise appears to be similar between participants with TS and HC subjects, which is suggestive of normal mitochondrial metabolism and oxygen transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg D Wells
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Arias P, Robles-García V, Espinosa N, Corral Y, Cudeiro J. Validity of the finger tapping test in Parkinson's disease, elderly and young healthy subjects: is there a role for central fatigue? Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2034-41. [PMID: 22560636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this work is to evaluate the validity of the finger tapping test (FT) to detect alterations in rhythm formation. METHODS We use FT to study the alterations in motor rhythm in three different groups: Parkinson's patients, elderly healthy controls, and young healthy control subjects (HY). The test was performed in COMFORT and FAST tapping modes and repeated on two different days. RESULTS For the variables analyzed (frequency and variability) both modes were repeatable in all groups. Also, intra-class correlation coefficients showed excellent levels of consistency between days. The test clearly differentiated the groups in both FAST and COMFORT modes. However, when fatigue was analyzed, a decrease in the tapping frequency was observed in HY during the FAST mode only. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was early-potentiated but not delayed-depressed, both for COMFORT and FAST modes. This suggests that fatigue was not of cortico-spinal origin. Other forms of central fatigue are discussed. CONCLUSIONS FT at FAST mode is not a valid test to detect differences in rhythm formation across the groups studied; fatigue is a confounding variable in some groups if the test is performed as fast as possible. SIGNIFICANCE COMFORT mode is recommended in protocols including the FT for evaluating rhythm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Arias
- Neuroscience and Motor Control Group (NEUROcom), Department of Medicine-INEF Galicia and INIBIC (Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña), University of A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Panveloski-Costa AC, Papoti M, Moreira RJ, Seraphim PM. Respostas lactacidêmicas de ratos ao treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Durante contrações musculares de alta intensidade intervaladas por curtos períodos de tempo há importante participação do metabolismo glicolítico e, consequentemente, aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as respostas lactacidêmicas agudas e crônicas de ratos Wistar submetidos a um treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (salto tipo jump squat) de três sessões semanais, a cada 24h, três séries de 12 repetições com intervalos de 60s entre cada uma. Houve aumento das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo durante a sessão aguda do treinamento (lactacidemia basal vs. lactacidemia após último esforço, P < 0,001). Contrariamente, após seis semanas de treinamento, ocorreu redução de 49% na resposta lactacidêmica ao exercício em relação à primeira sessão, P = 0,0002. O exercício intermitente de alta intensidade intervalado favorece a participação do sistema glicolítico; no entanto, o treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade promove redução das respostas lactacidêmicas, sugerindo melhora da capacidade de ressíntese de fosfocreatina e da biogênese mitocondrial.
Collapse
|
48
|
Nuñez P, Diaz E, Terrados N, Diaz B. Urine citrate and 6-sulfatoximelatonin excretion during a training season in top kayakers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:4045-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
49
|
Ohlendieck K. Proteomic Profiling of Fast-To-Slow Muscle Transitions during Aging. Front Physiol 2011; 2:105. [PMID: 22207852 PMCID: PMC3245893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Old age is associated with a large spectrum of physical ailments, including muscle wasting. Skeletal muscle degeneration drastically increases the risk of poor balance, frequent falling and impaired mobility in the elderly. In order to identify new therapeutic targets to halt or even reverse age-dependent muscle weakness and improve diagnostic methods to properly evaluate sarcopenia as a common geriatric syndrome, there is an urgent need to establish a reliable biomarker signature of muscle aging. In this respect, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been successfully applied for studying crude extracts and subcellular fractions from aged animal and human muscle tissues to identify novel aging marker proteins. This review focuses on key physiological and metabolic aspects of sarcopenia, i.e., age-related muscle fiber transitions and metabolic shifts in aging muscle as revealed by proteomics. Over the last decade, proteomic profiling studies have clearly confirmed the idea that sarcopenia is based on a multi-factorial pathophysiology and that a glycolytic-to-oxidative shift occurs in slower-twitching senescent muscles. Both, newly identified protein factors and confirmed alterations in crucial metabolic and contractile elements can now be employed to establish a sarcopenia-specific biomarker signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Muscle Biology Laboratory, National University of Ireland, Maynooth County Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Meat quality of the longissimus lumborum muscle of Casertana and Large White pigs: Metabolomics and proteomics intertwined. J Proteomics 2011; 75:610-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|