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Carlson JM, Foley J, Fang L. Climate change on the brain: Neural correlates of climate anxiety. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 103:102848. [PMID: 38431988 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is a global crisis impacting individuals' mental health. Climate anxiety is an emerging area of interest within popular culture and the scientific community. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms underlying climate anxiety. We provide evidence that climate anxiety is related to gray matter volume in the midcingulate cortex as well as its level of functional connectivity with the insula cortex. These neuroanatomical and neurofunctional features of climate anxiety are involved in identifying and anticipating potential threats within the environment and preparing an appropriate action response to such threats. These neural correlates align with those observed in anxiety disorders. Yet, climate anxiety itself as well as the neural correlates of climate anxiety were related to pro-environmental behavior. This may suggest that the midcingulate and insula are part of a network linked to an adaptive aspect of climate anxiety in motivating behavioral engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Carlson
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA.
| | - John Foley
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
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2
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Criado-Álvarez JJ, Romo-Barrientos C, Zabala-Baños C, Martínez-Lorca M, Viñuela A, Ubeda-Bañon I, Flores-Cuadrado A, Martínez-Lorca A, Polonio-López B, Mohedano-Moriano A. The Effect of Visualization Techniques on Students of Occupational Therapy during the First Visit to the Dissection Room. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112192. [PMID: 36360533 PMCID: PMC9691158 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Part of the basic teaching of human anatomy are prosection sessions with a human corpse, which may generate stress or anxiety among students. The objective of this work was to study how, through the visualization technique (a coping technique), these levels could be reduced before starting prosection classes. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted involving first-year students who had never participated in screening sessions. Prior to the visit, occupational therapy students underwent a viewing session (visualization technique). On the day of the visit, before and after the screening session, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to find out about aspects of the students’ experiences, such as their feelings and perceptions. The State−Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Results: The baseline levels of anxiety measured remained stable (from 18.5 to 18.2 points), with no differences being found (p > 0.05). The levels of emotional anxiety measured fell from 15.2 to 12.6 points (p < 0.05). Before starting the class, there were six students (17.1%) with anxiety criteria, and this figure was doubled at the end of the session (33.3%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Sessions in a dissection room can cause stressful experiences and change the emotional balances of some students. The results obtained and published here showed no significant differences after the visualization technique. We found that the students believed that the prosection sessions were very useful for teaching anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Criado-Álvarez
- Integrated Care Management, Castilla-La Mancha Regional Health Services (SESCAM), 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Carmen Romo-Barrientos
- Integrated Care Management, Castilla-La Mancha Regional Health Services (SESCAM), 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Carmen Zabala-Baños
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Manuela Martínez-Lorca
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Antonio Viñuela
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-699-793-202
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Lorca
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Begoña Polonio-López
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Alicia Mohedano-Moriano
- School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
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Xu Y, Peremans K, Courtyn J, Audenaert K, Dobbeleir A, D'Asseler Y, Achten E, Saunders J, Baeken C. The Impact of Accelerated HF-rTMS on Canine Brain Metabolism: An [18F]-FDG PET Study in Healthy Beagles. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:800158. [PMID: 35280129 PMCID: PMC8907524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to be a useful tool for the treatment of several severe neuropsychiatric disorders. Accelerated (a)rTMS protocols may have the potential to result in faster clinical improvements, but the effects of such accelerated paradigms on brain function remain to be elucidated. Objectives This sham-controlled arTMS study aimed to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of accelerated high frequency rTMS (aHF-rTMS) on glucose metabolism in healthy beagle dogs when applied over the left frontal cortex. Methods Twenty-four dogs were randomly divided into four unequal groups: five active (n = 8)/ sham (n = 4) stimulation sessions (five sessions in 1 day), 20 active (n = 8)/ sham (n = 4) stimulation sessions (five sessions/ day for 4 days), respectively. [18F] FDG PET scans were obtained at baseline, 24 h poststimulation, after 1 and 3 months post the last stimulation session. We explicitly focused on four predefined regions of interest (left/right prefrontal cortex and left/right hippocampus). Results One day of active aHF-rTMS- and not sham- significantly increased glucose metabolism 24 h post-active stimulation in the left frontal cortex only. Four days of active aHF-rTMS only resulted in a nearly significant metabolic decrease in the left hippocampus after 1 month. Conclusions Like in human psychiatric disorders, active aHF-rTMS in healthy beagles modifies glucose metabolism, although differently immediately or after 1 month post stimulation. aHF-rTMS may be also a valid option to treat mentally disordered dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Xu
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Yangfeng Xu
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan Courtyn
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yves D'Asseler
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Hu S, Li XJ, Law S, Shen CY, Yao GQ, Zhang XQ, Li J, Chen GF, Xu B, Liu XM, Ma XY, Feng K, Liu PZ. Prefrontal cortex alterations in major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and their comorbidity during a verbal fluency task assessed by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114229. [PMID: 34749225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid with each other, and both associated with substantial cognitive impairments; however, it is still unclear whether their impairments are neurobiologically similar or distinct. This study aims to investigate the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with MDD and GAD during the verbal fluency task (VFT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifty-two patients with MDD, fifty-one patients with GAD, fifty-two patients with the comorbidity of MDD and GAD (CMG), and forty-seven healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Significant hypoactivation in the left ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC was common in all patient groups when compared to HCs, suggesting a shared etiology. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significant hypoactivation at the right frontal pole cortex (FPoC) when compared to HCs and significant hypoactivation at the middle FPoC when compared to the CMG patients. Our work is the first fNIRS study to reveal the shared and unique neurobiological profiles of MDD, GAD and their comorbidity under the same standard experimentation condition, suggesting fNIRS holds promise as an adjutant to assist clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Yao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Beijing Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Sindermann L, Redlich R, Opel N, Böhnlein J, Dannlowski U, Leehr EJ. Systematic transdiagnostic review of magnetic-resonance imaging results: Depression, anxiety disorders and their co-occurrence. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:226-239. [PMID: 34388482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) share core symptoms such as negative affect and often co-exist. Magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) research suggests shared neuroanatomical/neurofunctional underpinnings. So far, studies considering transdiagnostic and disorder-specific neural alterations in MDD and ANX as well as the comorbid condition (COM) have not been reviewed systematically. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the literature was screened and N = 247 articles were checked according to the PICOS criteria: MRI studies investigating transdiagnostic (across MDD, ANX, COM compared to healthy controls) and/or disorder-specific (between MDD, ANX, COM) neural alterations. N = 35, thereof n = 13 structural MRI and diffusion-tensor imaging studies and n = 22 functional MRI studies investigating emotional, cognitive deficits and resting state were included and quality coded. RESULTS Results indicated transdiagnostic structural/functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex/middle frontal cortex and in limbic regions (amygdala, cingulum, hippocampus). Few and inconsistent disorder-specific alterations were reported. However, depression-specific functional alterations were reported for the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional tasks, and limbic regions at rest. Preliminary results for anxiety-specific functional alterations were found in the insula and frontal regions during emotional tasks, in the inferior parietal lobule, superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus during cognitive tasks, and (para)limbic alterations at rest. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence to support existing transdiagnostic fronto-limbic neural models in MDD and ANX. On top, it expands existing knowledge taking into account comorbidity and comparing MDD with ANX. Heterogeneous evidence exists for disorder-specific alterations. Research focusing on ANX sub-types, and the consideration of COM would contribute to a better understanding of basic neural underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sindermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 26-27, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Johanna Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Kim N, Kim MJ. Altered Task-Evoked Corticolimbic Responsivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073630. [PMID: 33807276 PMCID: PMC8037355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is marked by uncontrollable, persistent worry and exaggerated response to uncertainty. Here, we review and summarize the findings from the GAD literature that employs functional neuroimaging methods. In particular, the present review focuses on task-based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. We find that select brain regions often regarded as a part of a corticolimbic circuit (e.g., amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex) are consistently targeted for a priori hypothesis-driven analyses, which, in turn, shows varying degrees of abnormal BOLD responsivity in GAD. Data-driven whole-brain analyses show the insula and the hippocampus, among other regions, to be affected by GAD, depending on the task used in each individual study. Overall, while the heterogeneity of the tasks and sample size limits the generalizability of the findings thus far, some promising convergence can be observed in the form of the altered BOLD responsivity of the corticolimbic circuitry in GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea;
| | - M. Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea;
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16060, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Lapid Pickman L, Gelkopf M, Greene T. Emotional reactivity to war stressors: An experience sampling study in people with and without different psychiatric diagnoses. Stress Health 2021; 37:127-139. [PMID: 32794338 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge regarding real-time emotional reactivity to high-intensity stressors, particularly in people with mental illness, a potentially vulnerable population. The current study aimed to examine negative emotional reactions to recurring high-intensity stressors within a continuous war situation, in people with different psychiatric diagnosis types. Experience sampling method was used to examine emotional reactions among 143 civilians exposed to rockets during the 2014 Israel-Gaza war, of them 18.2% with psychosis, 14.7% with anxiety or depression and 67.1% without mental illness. Participants reported exposure to rocket warning sirens and the levels of 10 negative emotions twice a day for 30 days. Negative emotional levels were higher on most emotions following high-intensity stressors (sirens), that is, emotional reactivity was demonstrated in real-time during war. Overall, no difference in reactivity was found among the three study groups. Moreover, people with anxiety/depression were less reactive than people without mental illness on sadness and being overwhelmed. The findings indicate similar and sometimes lower emotional reactivity to high-intensity stressors in people with mental illness compared to the general population. Nevertheless, people with mental illness seem to have significant emotional needs during war, to be addressed in prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Lapid Pickman
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,NATAL-Israel Trauma and Resiliency Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc Gelkopf
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,NATAL-Israel Trauma and Resiliency Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Avvenuti G, Leo A, Cecchetti L, Franco MF, Travis F, Caramella D, Bernardi G, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P. Reductions in perceived stress following Transcendental Meditation practice are associated with increased brain regional connectivity at rest. Brain Cogn 2020; 139:105517. [PMID: 31945602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcendental Meditation (TM) is defined as a mental process of transcending using a silent mantra. Previous work showed that relatively brief period of TM practice leads to decreases in stress and anxiety. However, whether these changes are subserved by specific morpho-functional brain modifications (as observed in other meditation techniques) is still unclear. Using a longitudinal design, we combined psychometric questionnaires, structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to investigate the potential brain modifications underlying the psychological effects of TM. The final sample included 19 naïve subjects instructed to complete two daily 20-min TM sessions, and 15 volunteers in the control group. Both groups were evaluated at recruitment (T0) and after 3 months (T1). At T1, only meditators showed a decrease in perceived anxiety and stress (t(18) = 2.53, p = 0.02), which correlated negatively with T1-T0 changes in functional connectivity among posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus and left superior parietal lobule. Additionally, TM practice was associated with increased connectivity between PCC and right insula, likely reflecting changes in interoceptive awareness. No structural changes were observed in meditators or control subjects. These preliminary findings indicate that beneficial effects of TM may be mediated by functional brain changes that take place after a short practice period of 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avvenuti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Andrea Leo
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Luca Cecchetti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Caramella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
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9
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Kolesar TA, Bilevicius E, Wilson AD, Kornelsen J. Systematic review and meta-analyses of neural structural and functional differences in generalized anxiety disorder and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102016. [PMID: 31835287 PMCID: PMC6879983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PFC-amygdala FC is altered in GAD, indicating top-down processing deficits. GAD had reduced activity for emotion regulation and working memory in the culmen. Salience, default, and central executive nodes have altered structure and function.
Objective To compare structure, functional connectivity (FC) and task-based neural differences in subjects with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) compared to healthy controls (HC). Methods The Embase, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until March 12, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Data were extracted from records directly contrasting GAD and HC that included structure (connectivity and local indices such as volume, etc.), FC, or task-based magnetic resonance imaging data. Meta-analyses were conducted, as applicable, using AES-SDM software. Results The literature search produced 4,645 total records, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Records included structural (n = 35), FC (n = 33), and task-based (n = 42) findings. Meta-analyses were conducted on voxel-based morphometry and task-based results. Discussion The systematic review confirms and extends findings from previous reviews. Although few whole-brain resting state studies were conducted, key nodes of resting state networks have altered physiology: the hippocampus (default network), ACC and amygdala (salience network), have reduced volume, and the dlPFC (central executive network) and ACC have reduced FC with the amygdala in GAD. Nodes in the sensorimotor network are also altered with greater pre- and postcentral volume, reduced supplementary motor area volume, and reduced FC in anterior and increased FC in posterior cerebellum. Conclusions Despite limitations due to sample size, the meta-analyses highly agree with the systematic review and provide evidence of widely distributed neural differences in subjects with GAD, compared to HC. Further research optimized for meta-analyses would greatly improve large-scale comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Kolesar
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elena Bilevicius
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alyssia D Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kornelsen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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Yang Z, Wu J, Xu L, Deng Z, Tang Y, Gao J, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Qin S, Li C, Wang J. Individualized psychiatric imaging based on inter-subject neural synchronization in movie watching. Neuroimage 2019; 216:116227. [PMID: 31568871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual heterogeneity is a challenge to the prosperous promises of cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques for better diagnosis and early detection of psychiatric disorders. Individuals with similar clinical manifestations may result from very different pathophysiology. Conventional approaches based on comparing group-averages provide insufficient information to support the individualized diagnosis. Here we present an individualized imaging methodology that combines naturalistic imaging and the normative model. This paradigm adopts video clips with rich cognitive, social, and emotional contents to evoke synchronized brain dynamics of healthy participants and builds a spatiotemporal response norm. By comparing individual brain responses with the response norm, we could recognize patients using machine learning techniques. We applied this methodology to recognize first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients in a dataset containing 72 patients and 54 healthy controls. Some segments of the video evoked more synchronized brain activity in the healthy controls than in the schizophrenia patients. We built a spatiotemporal response norm by averaging the brain responses of the healthy controls in a training set, and trained a classifier to recognize patients based on the differences between individual brain responses and the norm. The performance of the classifier was then evaluated using an independent test set. The mean accuracies from a 5-fold cross-validation were 0.71-0.78 depending on the parameters such as the number of features and the width of the sliding windows. These findings reflected the potential of this methodology towards a clinical tool for individualized diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzheng Deng
- Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Madonna D, Delvecchio G, Soares JC, Brambilla P. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies in generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:336-362. [PMID: 31116259 PMCID: PMC6804309 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain imaging studies carried out in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have contributed to better characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. The present study reviews the available functional and structural brain imaging evidence on GAD, and suggests further strategies for investigations in this field. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, aiming to identify original research evaluating GAD patients with the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS The available studies have shown impairments in ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal regions, and amygdala in both pediatric and adult GAD patients, mostly in the right hemisphere. However, the literature is often tentative, given that most studies have employed small samples and included patients with comorbidities or in current use of various medications. Finally, different methodological aspects, such as the type of imaging equipment used, also complicate the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal neuroimaging studies with larger samples of both juvenile and adult GAD patients, as well as at risk individuals and unaffected relatives, should be carried out in order to shed light on the specific biological signature of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Madonna
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universitá di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universitá di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Corcoran KA, Yamawaki N, Leaderbrand K, Radulovic J. Role of retrosplenial cortex in processing stress-related context memories. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:388-395. [PMID: 29878804 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work summarizes evidence for the role of RSC in processing fear-inducing context memories. Specifically, we discuss molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms by which RSC might contribute the processing of contextual fear memories. We focus on glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms underlying encoding, retrieval, and extinction of context-dependent fear. RSC mechanisms underlying retrieval of recently and remotely acquired memories are compared to memory mechanisms of anterior cortices. Due to the strong connectivity between hippocampus and RSC, we also compare the extent to which their mechanisms of encoding, retrieval, and extinction show overlap. At a theoretical level, we discuss the role of RSC in the framework of systems consolidation as well as retrieval-induced memory modulation. Lastly, we emphasize the implication of these findings for psychopathologies associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| | | | | | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
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13
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Dorsomedial frontal cortical metabolic differences of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder in refractory major depression: A [ 18F] FDG PET brain imaging study. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:550-553. [PMID: 29169124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder, chronic and difficult to treat. Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is frequently observed as a comorbid diagnosis, little is known on the comorbid neurobiological substrate. Better insights may improve adequate treatment algorithms. OBJECTIVE To examine this poorly understood clinical question, we recruited 52 individuals to participate in a [18F] FDG PET brain imaging study. METHODS Twenty-two refractory MDD patients were diagnosed with and 15 refractory MDD patients without comorbid GAD. To compare to the none-depressed state a sample of 15 age and gender matched never-depressed individuals were included. RESULTS Compared to healthy control subjects, all patients showed significantly higher metabolic activity in the bilateral parahippocampal areas. Compared to MDD patients, healthy subjects displayed significant higher metabolic activity in distinct (bi)frontotemporal and parietal cortices. Refractory MDD patients without comorbid GAD showed significant higher metabolic activity in the dorsomedial parts of the frontal cortex (dmFC). CONCLUSIONS The impaired dmFC metabolic activity observed in comorbid GAD within refractory MDD may be indicative of specific emotional dysfunctional top-down processing in this subgroup, conform the anxiety state. Additional psychotherapeutic interventions may be warranted.
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Kalsi N, Altavilla D, Tambelli R, Aceto P, Trentini C, Di Giorgio C, Lai C. Neural Correlates of Outcome of the Psychotherapy Compared to Antidepressant Therapy in Anxiety and Depression Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2017. [PMID: 28638359 PMCID: PMC5461356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent mental disorders, anxiety and depression, are commonly associated with structural and functional changes in the fronto-limbic brain areas. The clinical trials investigating patients with affective disorders showed different outcome to different treatments such as psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. It is, however, still unexplored how these interventions approach affect the functional brain. This meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of psychotherapy compared to antidepressant therapy on functional brain activity in anxiety and depression disorders. Twenty-one samples with psychotherapy and seventeen samples with antidepressant therapy were included. The main finding showed an inverse effect of the two treatments on the right paracingulate activity. The patients undergoing psychotherapy showed an increase in the right paracingulate activity while pharmacological treatment led to a decrease of activation of this area. This finding seems to support the recent studies that hypothesize how psychotherapy, through the self-knowledge and the meaning processing, involves a top-down emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Kalsi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Daniela Altavilla
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Paola Aceto
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRome, Italy
| | - Cristina Trentini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Giorgio
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
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