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Vismara M, Benatti B, Fineberg NA, Hollander E, Van Ameringen M, Menchon JM, Zohar J, Dell'Osso B. Lessons from a multicenter, international, large sample size analysis of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders: an overview of the ICOCS Snapshot studies. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:40-48. [PMID: 37694338 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and highly disabling condition, characterized by a range of phenotypic expressions, potentially associated with geo-cultural differences. This article aims to provide an overview of the published studies by the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, in relation to the Snapshot database which has, over the past 10 years, gathered clinical naturalistic data from over 500 patients with OCD attending various research centers/clinics worldwide. This collaborative effort has provided a multi-cultural worldwide perspective of different socio-demographic and clinical features of patients with OCD. Data on age, gender, smoking habits, age at onset, duration of illness, comorbidity, suicidal behaviors, and pharmacological treatment strategies are presented here, showing peculiar differences across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vismara
- University of Milan, Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- University of Milan, Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose M Menchon
- Psychiatry Unit at the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post-Trauma Center, Research Foundation by the Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Israel
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- University of Milan, Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA
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2
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Hassan W, El Hayek S, de Filippis R, Eid M, Hassan S, Shalbafan M. Variations in obsessive compulsive disorder symptomatology across cultural dimensions. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1329748. [PMID: 38322140 PMCID: PMC10844379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1329748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Hassan
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario Eid
- Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Hassan
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Morris OJ, Wiese AD, Pinciotti CM, Pacheco R, Mallen MCM, Schweissing EJ, Soileau KJ, Crowley JJ, Storch EA. Obsessive-compulsive disorder among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American ancestry: Cultural considerations for assessment and psychotherapy. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:148-170. [PMID: 38836850 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Research specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry is limited, as are culturally relevant assessment and treatment recommendations. This article discusses the implications of underrepresentation of H/L populations in OCD research and emphasizes the need to consider issues related to assessment, treatment, and structural barriers that hinder delivery of culturally appropriate first-line psychotherapy. Recommendations for assessment and treatment are provided to aid clinicians in distinguishing culturally normative thoughts and behaviors from OCD, as well as to inform the implementation of psychotherapeutic interventions with cultural humility. This manuscript offers recommendations for future research to tackle health equity concerns with respect to assessment and treatment and structural factors limiting access to culturally appropriate psychotherapy. Wide-scale efforts are needed to comprehensively understand how H/L cultures intersect with various OCD presentations and to further disseminate treatments to populations that have historically lacked access to mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew D Wiese
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin M Pinciotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Keaton J Soileau
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics and with the and the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Harvey AM, Brown RA. Book Review: The Family Guide to Getting Over OCD: Reclaim Your Life & Help Your Loved One, by Jonathan S. Abramowitz. New York: The Guilford Press, 2021. 241 pp. ISBN 978-1-4625-2. J Cogn Psychother 2022; 36:207-225. [DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Laurito LD, Loureiro CP, Faro L, Dias RV, Torres B, Moreira-de-Oliveira ME, Santos-Ribeiro SD, de Menezes GB, Fontenelle LF, Davis CH, Twohig MP. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in a Brazilian context: Treatment of three cases. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Perez MI, Limon DL, Candelari AE, Cepeda SL, Ramirez AC, Guzick AG, Kook M, La Buissonniere Ariza V, Schneider SC, Goodman WK, Storch EA. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Misdiagnosis among Mental Healthcare Providers in Latin America. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2022; 32:100693. [PMID: 34840937 PMCID: PMC8612600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental healthcare professionals often have limited awareness of different obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom presentations, which may contribute to years between OCD symptom onset and treatment initiation. While research has identified high rates of OCD misdiagnosis among clinicians from the United States and Canada, research on OCD symptom awareness among healthcare providers in Latin American (LATAM) regions is limited. In this study, LATAM mental healthcare providers (N = 83) provided diagnostic impressions based on five OCD vignettes: three with symptoms centered on taboo thoughts (sexual, harming others, and religion/scrupulosity) and two about contamination or symmetry obsessions. Rates of incorrect (non-OCD) diagnoses were significantly higher for the taboo thoughts vignettes (sexual, 52.7%; harm/aggression, 42.0%; and religious, 34.7%) vs. contamination obsessions (11.0%) and symmetry obsessions (6.9%). The OCD vignette depicting sexual obsessions was often attributed to a paraphilic disorder (36.5%). Bachelor's level clinicians had significantly lower odds of accurately identifying all three vignettes related to taboo thoughts compared to respondents with a graduate degree. Accurate identification of the three taboo vignettes was also associated with first-line psychological treatment recommendations (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy) even when controlling for respondents' theoretical orientation. Exposure was rarely mentioned when clinicians were prompted to provide treatment recommendations for each vignette (8-9% of the time for symmetry and contamination vignettes, 5-7% for taboo though vignettes). Like clinicians in the United States and Canada, mental health professionals in LATAM may misidentify OCD symptom presentations, particularly sexual obsessions, highlighting a need for education and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra I. Perez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Danica L. Limon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University
| | - Abigail E. Candelari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
| | - Sandra L. Cepeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Ana C. Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas – Rio Grande Valley
| | - Andrew G. Guzick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Minjee Kook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - Sophie C. Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Wayne K. Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
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Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 ✰. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114134. [PMID: 34358762 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The validity of cross-cultural comparisons of test scores requires that scores have the same meaning across cultures, which is usually tested by checking the invariance of the measurement model across groups. In the last decade, a large number of studies were conducted to verify the equivalence across cultures of the dimensional Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (DSM-5 Section III). These studies have provided information on configural invariance (i.e., the facets that compose the domains are the same) and metric invariance (i.e., facet-domain relationships are equal across groups), but not on the stricter scalar invariance (i.e., the baseline levels of the facets are the same), which is a prerequisite for meaningfully comparing group means. The present study aims to address this gap. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was administered to five samples differing on country and language (Belgium, Catalonia, France, Spain, and Switzerland), with a total of 4,380 participants. Configural and metric invariance were supported, denoting that the model structure was stable across samples. Partial scalar invariance was supported, being minimal the influence of non-invariant facets. This allowed cross-cultural mean comparisons. Results are discussed in light of the sample composition and a possible impact of culture on development of psychopathology.
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Xiong A, Lai X, Wu S, Yuan X, Tang J, Chen J, Liu Y, Hu M. Relationship Between Cognitive Fusion, Experiential Avoidance, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:655154. [PMID: 33912117 PMCID: PMC8072044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship among cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: A total of 118 outpatient and inpatient patients with OCD and 109 healthy participants, gender- and age-matched, were selected using cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), acceptance and action questionnaire-2nd edition (AAQ-II), Yale-Brown scale for obsessive-compulsive symptoms, Hamilton anxiety scale, and Hamilton depression scale for questionnaire testing and data analysis. Results: The levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the OCD group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis results showed that, in predicting the total score of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, AAQ-II (β = 0.233, P < 0.05) and CFQ (β = 0.262, P < 0.01) entered the equation, which explained 17.1% variance. In predicting anxiety, only AAQ-II (β = 0.222, P < 0.05) entered the equation, which explained 13% variance. In the prediction of depression, AAQ-II (β = 0.412, P < 0.001) entered the equation, which explained 17.7% variance. Conclusion: Cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance may be important factors for the maintenance of OCD, and experiential avoidance can positively predict the anxiety and depression of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Xiong
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiong Lai
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siliang Wu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Maorong Hu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Kracker Imthon A, Antônio Caldart C, do Rosário MC, Fontenelle LF, Constantino Miguel E, Arzeno Ferrão Y. Stressful Life Events and the Clinical Expression of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An Exploratory Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3371. [PMID: 33096706 PMCID: PMC7590000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symptom content and severity appear to fluctuate over the course of the life cycle in accordance with stressful life events. The objective of this paper was to compare OCD patients with and without reported stressful life events (SLEs) in terms of the sociodemographics of patients and the clinical characteristics of OCD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 1001 patients with OCD. Data concerning SLEs were collected via the Yale OCD Natural History Questionnaire, while for OCD symptoms, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used. RESULTS Of the 1001 OCD patients, 605 (60.5%) reported experiencing at least one SLE in their lifetime. Self-declared nonwhite skin color (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51), the presence of a sensory phenomenon (OR = 1.47), and comorbidity with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (OR = 2.38) were some of the logistic regression variables related to the reported SLEs with relevant statistical significance and risk (i.e., OR) values. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SLEs may make Brazilian OCD patients vulnerable to the onset or exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The positive association of the occurrence of SLEs and sensory phenomena in this population could corroborate that environmental influences impact the neurobiology associated with OCD, and likely with other psychiatric disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kracker Imthon
- Psychiatric Service, President Vargas Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-074, Brazil; (C.A.C.); (Y.A.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine-Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
| | - César Antônio Caldart
- Psychiatric Service, President Vargas Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-074, Brazil; (C.A.C.); (Y.A.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine-Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA) at the Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) and Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Ygor Arzeno Ferrão
- Psychiatric Service, President Vargas Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-074, Brazil; (C.A.C.); (Y.A.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine-Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil; (M.C.d.R.); (L.F.F.); (E.C.M.)
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Paul I, Saraf G, Chandra PS, Reddy YCJ. Obsessive compulsive-disorder and reproductive life events. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102124. [PMID: 32361207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association between reproductive life events and the onset or exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among women in comparison with men with OCD. We chose men because there is some evidence of increased occurrence of OCD in expectant fathers as well. We recruited 150 eligible outpatients (58 men and 92 women) with OCD, who attended a specialty OCD Clinic over a period of one year. Occurrence of any life event including reproductive life events in the year before the onset of OCD was assessed using the Interview of Recent Life Events (IRLE). Reproductive life events in the year prior to onset of OCD were overrepresented in women compared to men. Postpartum onset and worsening of OCD was reported in 14 % and 11 % of women respectively. Menarche and menopause as life events were infrequently reported (3% and 1%). Symmetry obsessions and ordering compulsions were more common in women with post-partum onset of OCD than those without. Post-partum period seems to be associated with onset and exacerbation of OCD; therefore, routine screening for OCD during this period is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imon Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Gayatri Saraf
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Y C J Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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Kloft L, Steinel T, Kathmann N. Systematic review of co-occurring OCD and TD: Evidence for a tic-related OCD subtype? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:280-314. [PMID: 30278193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of associated features of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD) and to critically evaluate hypotheses regarding the nature of their comorbidity. METHOD We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. To this aim, the PubMed, PsychInfo and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched up to August 30, 2018. For gender and age-of-onset we additionally conducted meta-analyses. RESULTS One hundred eighty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. We substantiate some acknowledged features and report evidence for differential biological mechanisms and treatment response. In general, studies were of limited methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS Several specific features are reliable associated with co-occurring OCD + TD. The field lacks methodological sound studies. The review found evidence against and in favor for different hypotheses regarding the nature of comorbidity of OCD and TD. This could indicate the existence of a stepwise model of co-morbidity, or could be an artefact of the low methodological quality of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kloft
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Medeiros GC, Seger L, Grant JE, Tavares H. Major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms in intermittent explosive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:209-212. [PMID: 29455060 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that between 1.7 and 2.6 million people have had intermittent explosive disorder (IED) during their life in the United States alone. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are very common in IED, being major depressive disorder arguably the most common. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical correlates of IED and depressive manifestations in 74 treatment-seeking subjects. After controlling for confounders, there were associations between major depressive disorder and severity of depressive symptoms, and (a) higher assault scores, (b) more severe hostile behavior and (c) worse social adjustment. Management of depressive symptoms may be an important for IED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, United States.
| | - Liliana Seger
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Nicolini H, Salin-Pascual R, Cabrera B, Lanzagorta N. Influence of Culture in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Its Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:285-292. [PMID: 29657563 PMCID: PMC5872369 DOI: 10.2174/2211556007666180115105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aspects of cultural identity and its impact on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been un-derstudied. There are different opinions, ranging from the idea that culture does not affect the symptoms of this condition to the idea that cultures with high religiosity may have more severity of OCD. Also, the concept of OCD has considerably var-ied across history and cultures, from being considered an issue related to lack of control of blasphemous ideas, and a part of anxious issues, to the description of complex neurobiological systems in its causation. Objective The aim of this review was to address OCD as a well-characterized disorder with a proposed neurobiological ba-sis which may or may not have variations depending on cultural diversity. The question that was asked in this review is whether or not there are cultural differences in the manifestations of the OCD symptomatology and which factors of cultural diversity have a major influence on such manifestations along with the differences among some cultures regarding OCD is-sues, where the difference among countries has also been highlighted. Methods A review of the literature was conducted that includes the following words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, cul-ture, cultural identity and religion in a period of 10 years. Conclusion Cultural variations do not seem to differ from symptomatic clusters of OCD, which may be indicating that a se-ries of adaptive behaviors is evolutionarily evolving to be constantly altered, perhaps by well-determined pathophysiological mechanisms. Some aspects that have been related to some dimensions of OCD symptomatology are religion and religiosity, affecting the content of obsessions and the severity of manifestations. Properly evaluating the education background, access to health services, food, and the genetic structure of populations, using investigational instruments sensitive to these cultural elements, will increase our understanding of the importance of culture on OCD and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Nicolini
- 1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Clinical Research, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Departamanto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Salin-Pascual
- 1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Clinical Research, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Departamanto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Cabrera
- 1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Clinical Research, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Departamanto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nuria Lanzagorta
- 1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Clinical Research, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Departamanto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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