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Pérez-Balaguer A, Sanz-Aranguez-Ávila B, Gil-Benito E, Solari-Heresmann LM, Del Sol-Calderón P, Gayubo-Moreo L, de Arce-Cordón R. Does the COVID-19 pandemic condition the delusional content of patients with psychosis? An observational study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:297-304. [PMID: 38036382 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triggers of psychopathology and on the delusional content of patients with psychotic symptoms treated during the first three months of the pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Madrid. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study of all patients attending the psychiatric emergency room (ER) between 11th March and 11th June 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS In the first month of the pandemic, COVID-19 conditioned the delirious content of 38.5% of the admitted patients and acted as a direct trigger for 46.2% of consultations. In the second week it affected 100.0% of the patients in both cases. Subsequently, a progressive and significant decrease was observed, with COVID-19 being the triggering factor for 17.6% and 11.5% of consultations in the second and third months of the pandemic respectively. Similarly, it was the main determinant of the delusional content in 13.7% and 3.8% of cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current pandemic affects delirium's pathoplasty. The delusional content of patients admitted with psychotic symptoms is quickly conditioned, which may be related to the radical change in their life, without transition or prior preparation. The patient's environmental context and events have a huge impact on the dynamics and characteristics of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Balaguer
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Elena Gil-Benito
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Del Sol-Calderón
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Gayubo-Moreo
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario de Arce-Cordón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Chaudhary AMD, Musavi NB, Saboor S, Javed S, Khan S, Naveed S. Psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of case reports and case series. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:37-55. [PMID: 35797814 PMCID: PMC9248300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the concurrence of new-onset psychosis or exacerbation of clinically stable psychosis through case reports and case series. METHODS Six databases were searched, followed by an electronic and manual search of the relevant articles. Studies were identified using predetermined eligibility criteria. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, clinical history, course of illness, management, and prognosis of the patients in these studies. RESULTS Case reports and case series, altogether consisting of 57 unique cases were included. The mean patient age for onset of psychotic symptoms was 43.4 years for men and 40.3 years for women. About 69% of patients had no prior history of psychiatric disorders. Most patients had mild COVID-19-related symptoms, with only 15 (26.3%) presenting with moderate to severe COVID-19-related disease and complications. The most commonly reported psychotic symptoms were delusions and hallucinations. Patients with psychotic symptoms were treated with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, valproic acid, and electroconvulsive treatment. In 36 cases, psychotic symptoms resolved completely or improved significantly. Ten cases had partial improvement with residual psychotic symptoms, and one patient died due to cardiac arrest. CONCLUSION Most patients responded to a low-to-moderate dose of antipsychotics with a quick recovery. However, the residual psychiatric symptoms highlight the need for careful monitoring and longer follow-up. Clinicians should be mindful of the occurrence of psychosis due to COVID-19 infection in a subset of COVID-19 patients that can be misdiagnosed as a psychotic disorder alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mohyud Din Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/ University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Sundas Saboor
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sana Javed
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sonia Khan
- Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Clinical Lead - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Units, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA; Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, CT, USA.
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Ravindran NP, Halder A, Harshe D, Harshe S, Harshe G. A qualitative analysis of literature reporting and linking psychosis to COVID-19 infection. Findings from a postgraduate journal club. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103099. [PMID: 35461146 PMCID: PMC8983483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute exacerbations of psychosis have been reported with COVID-19 infection and medications used for its treatment. Terms "psychosis", "psychotic", "COVID-19″ and "coronavirus" were searched on "PubMed" and "GOOGLE SCHOLAR", yielding 84 articles. 14 case reports were selected based on pre-defined criteria and analyzed. Among selected articles,10 attributed psychosis to COVID-19 infection. In 3 articles, psychosis was diagnosed despite concurrent delirium. In 8 and 3 articles respectively, a clear temporal demarcation of psychosis and COVID-19 infection and steroid use was not described. Psychosis can occur secondary to GMC, or exposure to medication. Due process should be followed to ascertain the same. INTRODUCTION Neurotropic coronavirus infection is associated with numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Such presentations before, during and after the infection have been reported. Among these presentations, acute exacerbations of psychosis have been reportedly linked with COVID-19 infection and medications used for its treatment. METHODOLOGY Search engines "PubMed" AND "GOOGLE SCHOLAR" were searched using specific search terms during June 2021. Out of 84 articles that came up, we selected 14 articles based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected articles were analysed and discussed in the departmental journal club. RESULTS In 10 articles, diagnosis of psychosis was attributed to COVID-19 infection. In 3 of those articles, despite reporting concurrent delirium like presentation, diagnosis was still reported as psychosis. In 8 articles, the temporal correlation between onset of psychosis, onset of COVID-19 was not clearly demarcated. In 3 articles, clear demarcation between psychosis associated with steroid use and with a general medical condition (COVID-19) was not clearly presented. Only 2 articles did mention using a structured diagnostic system. In patients (3/17) with prior history of psychiatric illness, diagnosis was reported as relapse of psychosis (2/17), without specifying the criteria used for diagnosing a relapse. CONCLUSION Acute exacerbation of psychosis can occur secondary to a general medical condition (GMC), or after exposure to a medication. However, due process should be followed to ascertain that the psychosis is indeed secondary to a GMC, or a medication, and not a de-novo presentation, or delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navna Panchami Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, India
| | - Ankit Halder
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, India
| | - Devavrat Harshe
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, India
| | - Sneha Harshe
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, India
| | - Gurudas Harshe
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, India
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Bernal S, Ovejero S, Barrigón ML, Baca-García E. A cycloid psychosis relapse and SARS-CoV-2 concomitant infection. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH CASE REPORTS 2022; 1:100006. [PMID: 36970315 PMCID: PMC10026843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycr.2022.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernal
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ovejero
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Barrigón
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Infanta Elena University Hospital, Valdemoro, Spain
- Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France
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Psychotic disorders amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a consideration of risks and impacts. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:140-145. [PMID: 35125397 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe and widespread global impact but particularly for those with psychosis. This review summarizes recent evidence on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychotic disorders, highlighting the risks faced by these individuals including the negative impacts on treatment services, complications from contracting COVID-19, and the acceptability of digital interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Mortality, morbidity, and infection outcomes are among the worst for individuals with psychotic disorders. Presentation rates for psychotic disorders are elevated at emergency departments compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic; demand for inpatient services has increased, and there have been complications in access because of pandemic restrictions. COVID-19 related stressors have led to the exacerbation and incidence of psychotic symptoms among individuals with and without preexisting psychotic diagnoses. Digital interventions may be an acceptable method for maintaining patient contact and treatment during extended isolation. SUMMARY More data is needed on the longitudinal trajectory for psychotic symptoms post-COVID-19 infection and pandemic restrictions to better support individuals with psychotic disorders. Development of a long-term pandemic management plan is needed to monitor and support psychiatric health across the population.
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Pérez-Balaguer A, Sanz-Aranguez-Ávila B, Gil-Benito E, Solari-Heresmann LM, Sol-Calderón PD, Gayubo-Moreo L, Arce-Cordón RD. [Does the COVID-19 pandemic condition the delusional content of patients with psychosis? An observational study]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00133-5. [PMID: 34393280 PMCID: PMC8349682 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The primary objective is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triggers of psychopathology and on the delusional content of patients with psychotic symptoms treated during the first three months of the pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Madrid.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study of all patients attending the psychiatric emergency room (ER) between 11th March and 11th June 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: In the first month of the pandemic, COVID-19 conditioned the delirious content of 38.5% of the admitted patients and acted as a direct trigger for 46.2% of consultations. In the second week it affected 100.0% of the patients in both cases. Subsequently, a progressive and significant decrease was observed, with COVID-19 being the triggering factor for 17.6% and 11.5% of consultations in the second and third months of the pandemic respectively. Similarly, it was the main determinant of the delusional content in 13.7% and 3.8% of cases respectively.Conclusions: The current pandemic affects delirium's pathoplasty. The delusional content of patients admitted with psychotic symptoms is quickly conditioned, which may be related to the radical change in their life, without transition or prior preparation. The patient's environmental context and events have a huge impact on the dynamics and characteristics of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Balaguer
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | | | - Elena Gil-Benito
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | | | - Pablo Del Sol-Calderón
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Lydia Gayubo-Moreo
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - Rosario De Arce-Cordón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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Rittmannsberger H, Barth M, Malik P, Yazdi K. [Neuropsychiatric Aspects of COVID-19 - A Narrative Overview]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 90:108-120. [PMID: 34341978 DOI: 10.1055/a-1523-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2) and COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) can affect numerous organ systems. In the present paper we offer an overview of the current state of knowledge about the psychiatric aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Medline, Embase und LIVIVO were searched for relevant literature, the last query dating from March 2nd, 2021. Different stress factors in the context of the pandemic can lead to manifest mental illnesses. In addition, there is a risk of neuropsychological changes due to the biological effects of the virus itself.Our work describes the psychological symptoms of COVID-19 sufferers themselves and the psychological effects of the epidemic and the associated socio-economic and psychosocial stress factors on those who are not sick.The most common psychiatric complication among people with COVID-19 is delirium, while hospitalized patients seem to have an increased incidence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD. There are many case reports on psychotic disorders. In general, an existing psychiatric illness (especially dementia and psychotic disorders) also increases the risk of infection and of a more severe course of the disease. After recovery from COVID-19 infection, there is also a higher incidence of mental illnesses, in particular "Chronic Post-SARS Syndrome" with its manifestations such as fatigue, anxiety, depression and PTSD. In addition, the course of dementia seems to be negatively influenced by an infection with SARS-CoV-2.The second part deals with the effects of the epidemic as a stressor and the established socio-political measures on the mental health of people with and without previous mental illnesses. The literature currently available shows high symptom values for anxiety and depressive disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorders, stress, suicidality, sleep disorders etc. Risk factors seem to include female gender, younger age and fewer resources, as well as previous psychiatric or physical illnesses. Extrinsic factors such as high infection rates, large numbers of deaths, long curfews/lockdowns, low trust in the government and ineffective measures against economic and social consequences increase the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Rittmannsberger
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Martin Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Peter Malik
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Kurosch Yazdi
- Klinik für Psychiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Suchtmedizin, Kepler Universitatsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria.,Medizinische Fakultät, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
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Jiménez-Giménez M, Sánchez-Escribano A, Figuero-Oltra MM, Bonilla-Rodríguez J, García-Sánchez B, Rojo-Tejero N, Sánchez-González MÁ, Muñoz-Lorenzo L. Taking Care of Those Who Care: Attending Psychological Needs of Health Workers in a Hospital in Madrid (Spain) During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:44. [PMID: 34152465 PMCID: PMC8215861 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to review evidence of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals and the effects of the psychological crisis interventions and measures implemented to manage stress. RECENT FINDINGS Mental health problems are frequently encountered in health professionals during emergencies and often prevail over the following years. Results show health professionals exhibited symptoms of depression, anxiety, emotional distress, burnout, post-traumatic stress and poor sleep quality. In response to acute responses to stress, it is crucial to provide psychoeducation, mindfulness and coping resources. These interventions can improve resilience and self-efficacy of professionals, as well as help to prevent anxiety, depression and quality of sleep. The need for intervention programmes targeting the mental health of vulnerable populations has been widely acknowledged. We described a psychological support plan designed and implemented with the aim of providing mental health care for health professionals. Such programmes should be easily accessible to professionals, preferably in their own work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Jiménez-Giménez
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adela Sánchez-Escribano
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta María Figuero-Oltra
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bonilla-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Sánchez
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Rojo-Tejero
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez-González
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Lorenzo
- Psychiatry Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
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Guan M. Could the Associations of Changes in Living Arrangement with Mental Disorders Be Moderated or Mediated During COVID-19 Pandemic? Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:769-779. [PMID: 34168508 PMCID: PMC8216724 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s302729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in living arrangement was one of the most well-established risk factors for mental disorders, but little evidence came from moderating or mediating effect during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine whether associations of changes in living arrangement with mental disorders could be moderated or mediated during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were a cross-sectional and international population-based survey data collected as part of theCOVID-19 pandemic. Participants included nationally representative general population probability samples of adults (≥18 years) during COVID-19 pandemic (N=16,784). Main mental measures were reflected by loneliness assessed by UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, anxiety assessed by Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item, and depressed mood assessed by The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 in the survey. With control variables, all the mediation models were conducted by Stata mode. Potential influencing effects of social contact and social support as moderators were analyzed using Hayes's PROCESS macro. RESULTS Among the participants, prevalence of mental disorders was high. Logistic regression indicated that changes in living arrangement had significant associations with anxiety (AOR=1.127, 95% CI: 1.018-1.249) and depression (AOR =1.142, 95% CI: 1.027-1.269). Mediation models indicated that indirect, direct, and total effects of changes in living arrangement on mental disorders through COVID-symptoms; change in alcohol use; and social contact were significant. Indirect, direct, and total effects of changes in living arrangement on loneliness and depression through social support were significant. Moderation analysis indicated that moderation model 1 in AF Hayes Process procedure was accepted. CONCLUSION This study indicated that associations of changes in living arrangement with mental disorders could be mediated by COVID-symptoms, changes in alcohol use, social contact, and social support and moderated by social support during COVID-19 pandemic. The finding in this study might provide better understanding of the mechanisms by which social support might contribute to the resolving mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- International Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, People’s Republic of China,Family Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, People’s Republic of China,School of Business, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ming Guan International Issues Center, Xuchang University, 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1340 9360 114 Email
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Zhand N, Joober R. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: narrative review. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e35. [PMID: 33431109 PMCID: PMC7804069 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, by the World Health Organization. The pandemic has had unprecedented worldwide implications, in particular on marginalized populations. AIMS The aim of this study is to review the impact of the pandemic on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHOD A number of databases were searched for this review, including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Search terms included psychosis and COVID-19, schizophrenia and COVID-19, and severe mental illness and COVID-19. We included all English language papers and preprints. The final search was done on 15 July 2020. RESULTS Forty-seven relevant studies were identified and included in this review. Studies were summarised into five main subcategories: potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical health outcomes of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, impact on mental health outcomes, review of case reports and case series to date, treatment recommendation guidelines and risk of increased prevalence of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be vulnerable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This patient population has a number of risk factors, including psychosocial adversities and illness related factors. Continuous monitoring and long-term studies of the impact of the pandemic on this patient population are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naista Zhand
- Schizophrenia and Recovery program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
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