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Liu X, Chen J, Meng C, Zhou L, Liu Y. Serum neurofilament light chain and cognition decline in US elderly: A cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:17-29. [PMID: 37902309 PMCID: PMC10791034 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early identification of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial. Neurofilament, a potential biomarker for neurological disorders, has gained attention. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between serum neurofilament light (sNfL) levels and cognitive function in elderly individuals in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from participants aged 60 and above in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). We collected sNfL levels, cognitive function tests, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and other variables. Weighted multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between ln(sNfL) and cognitive scores. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) visualization explored nonlinear relationships. The stratified analysis examined subgroups' ln(sNfL) and cognitive function association. RESULTS The study included 446 participants (47.73% male). Participants with ln(sNfL) levels between 2.58 and 2.81 pg/mL (second quintile) performed relatively well in cognitive tests. After adjusting for multiple factors, ln(sNfL) levels were negatively correlated with cognitive function, with adjusted β (95% CI) as follows: immediate recall test (IRT): -0.763 (-1.301 to -0.224), delayed recall test (DRT): -0.308 (-0.576 to -0.04), animal fluency test (AFT): -1.616 (-2.639 to -0.594), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST): -2.790 (-4.369 to -1.21). RCS curves showed nonlinear relationships between ln(sNfL) and DRT, AFT, with inflection points around 2.7 pg/mL. The stratified analysis revealed a negative correlation between ln(sNfL) and cognition in specific subgroups with distinct features, with an interaction between diabetes and ln(sNfL). INTERPRETATION Higher sNfL levels are associated with poorer cognitive function in the elderly population of the United States. sNfL shows promise as a potential biomarker for early identification of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
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Hsu PC, Daughters SB, Bauer MA, Su LJ, Addicott MA. Association of DNA methylation signatures with cognitive performance among smokers and ex-smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:106. [PMID: 37605769 PMCID: PMC10405227 DOI: 10.18332/tid/168568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in DNA methylation profiles have been associated with cancer, and can be influenced by environmental factors such as smoking. A small but growing literature indicates there are reproducible and robust differences in methylation levels among smokers, never smokers, and ex-smokers. Here, we compared differences in salivary DNA methylation levels among current and ex-smokers (at least 2 years abstinent). METHODS Smokers (n=26) and ex-smokers (n=30) provided detailed smoking histories, completed the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and submitted a saliva sample. Whole-genome DNA methylation from saliva was performed, and ANCOVA models and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for the differences between groups and the performance of significant CpG sites. RESULTS After controlling for race, age, and gender, smokers had significantly lower methylation levels than ex-smokers in two CpG sites: cg05575921 (AHRR) and cg21566642 (ALPPL2). Based on the ROC analyses, both CpGs had strong classification potentials (cg05575921 AUC=0.97 and cg21566642 AUC=0.93) in differentiating smoking status. Across all subjects, the percent methylation of cg05575921 (AHRR) and cg21566642 (ALPPL2) positively correlated with the length of the last quit attempt (r=0.65 and 0.64, respectively, p<0.001) and PASAT accuracy (r=0.29 and 0.30, respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In spite of the small sample size and preliminary research, our results replicate previously reported differences in AHRR hypomethylation among smokers. Furthermore, we show that the duration of smoking abstinence is associated with a recovery of methylation in ex-smokers, which may be linked to a reduced risk of smoking-associated diseases. The association with cognitive performance suggests that the hypomethylation of AHRR in saliva may reflect systemic exposure to cigarette-related toxicants that negatively affect cognitive performance, and should be validated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Michael A. Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Merideth A. Addicott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
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Degraff Z, Souza GS, Santos NA, Shoshina II, Felisberti FM, Fernandes TP, Sigurdsson G. Brain atrophy and cognitive decline in bipolar disorder: Influence of medication use, symptomatology and illness duration. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:421-429. [PMID: 37276646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. To date, the association of biological and psychopathological processes in BPD has not been extensively studied on a cognitive and cortical basis at the same time. We investigated whether brain atrophy (in prefrontal, temporal and occipital cortices) was associated with cognitive, biological and clinical processes in patients with BPD and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 104 participants (56 with BPD) completed tasks that measured attention, memory, information processing speed, inhibitory control, visuospatial working memory and cognitive flexibility. In addition, structural brain scans were obtained using high-resolution MRI. Outcomes of the measurements were examined using robust multiple mediation analyses. BPD patients showed greater cortical atrophy across all regions of interest when compared to HCs, linked to cognitive decline. BPD patients had slower reaction times and markedly increased errors of commission on the tasks. The outcomes were significantly influenced by medication use, symptomatology and illness duration. The findings showcase the complexity of brain structures and networks as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying diverse BPD symptomatology and endophenotypes. These differences were pronounced in patients with BPD, motivating further investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeke Degraff
- Svenskagier Neurologie, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Neurology, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
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Nicotine's effect on cognition, a friend or foe? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 124:110723. [PMID: 36736944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Smoking comes in form of absorption of many compounds, among which nicotine is the main psychoactive component of tobacco and its positive and negative reinforcement effects are proposed to be the key mechanism for the initiation and maintenance of smoking. Growing evidence suggests that the cognitive enhancement effects of nicotine may also contribute to the difficulty of quitting smoking, especially in individuals with psychiatric disorders. In this review, we first introduce the beneficial effect of nicotine on cognition including attention, short-term memory and long-term memory. We next summarize the beneficial effect of nicotine on cognition under pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Schizophrenia, Stress-induced Anxiety, Depression, and drug-induced memory impairment. The possible mechanism underlying nicotine's effect is also explored. Finally, nicotine's detrimental effect on cognition is discussed, including in the prenatal and adolescent periods, and high-dose nicotine- and withdrawal-induced memory impairment is emphasized. Therefore, nicotine serves as both a friend and foe. Nicotine-derived compounds could be a promising strategy to alleviate neurological disease-associated cognitive deficit, however, due to nicotine's detrimental effect, continued educational programs and public awareness campaigns are needed to reduce tobacco use among pregnant women and smoking should be quitted even if it is e-cigarette, especially for the adolescents.
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Ge S, Ma W, Qu Z, Zhu X, Chen Z, Lin X, Fu Z. Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cognitive functioning in older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 37252031 PMCID: PMC10210584 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco contains carcinogens called tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, is nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) which produces the metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive functioning among older adults. METHODS A total of 1673 older adults aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were included. Urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was analyzed in the laboratory. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on means and standard deviations of the cognitive test scores. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the independent association between quartiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive test-specific and global cognition z-scores controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, depressive symptoms, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, urinary creatinine, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking status. RESULTS About half of the participants (mean age 69.8 years) were female (52.1%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (49.7%). Multivariable linear regression results showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest quartile) of urinary NNAL, compared with those in the 1st quartile (lowest quartile), had lower DSST z-scores (β= -0.19; 95% CI: -0.34 - -0.04). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-specific NNAL was negatively associated with processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, United States
| | - Weixia Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Yaxin School of Nursing, Wuhan Institute of Design and Science, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenmei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Galdino LB, Fernandes T, Schmidt KE, Santos NA. Altered brain connectivity during visual stimulation in schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3327-3337. [PMID: 36322165 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be described as a functional dysconnectivity syndrome that affects brain connectivity and circuitry. However, little is known about how sensory stimulation modulates network parameters in schizophrenia, such as their small-worldness (SW) during visual processing. To address this question, we applied graph theory algorithms to multi-electrode EEG recordings obtained during visual stimulation with a checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulus. Twenty-six volunteers participated in the study, 13 diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ; mean age = 38.3 years; SD = 9.61 years) and 13 healthy controls (HC; mean age = 28.92 years; SD = 12.92 years). The visually evoked potential (VEP) showed a global amplitude decrease (p < 0.05) for SCZ patients as opposed to HC but no differences in latency (p > 0.05). As a signature of functional connectivity, graph measures were obtained from the Magnitude-Squared Coherence between signals from pairs of occipital electrodes, separately for the alpha (8-13 Hz) and low-gamma (36-55 Hz) bands. For the alpha band, there was a significant effect of the visual stimulus on all measures (p < 0.05) but no group interaction between SCZ and HZ (p > 0.05). For the low-gamma spectrum, both groups showed a decrease of Characteristic Path Length (L) during visual stimulation (p < 0.05), but, contrary to the HC group, only SCZ significantly lowered their small-world (SW) connectivity index during visual stimulation (SCZ p < 0.05; HC p > 0.05). This indicates dysconnectivity of the functional network in the low-gamma band of SCZ during stimulation, which might indirectly reflect an altered ability to react to new sensory input in patients. These results provide novel evidence about a possible electrophysiological signature of the global deficits revealed by the application of graph theory onto electroencephalography in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Galdino
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil. .,Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Kerstin E Schmidt
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Etesami MS, Saboury N, Mohraz M, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jones DL, Vance DE, Habibi Asgarabad M. Immediate and Long-Term Effects of a Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Cognitive Function in People Living with HIV in Iran: A Single-Blind Two-Arm Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:505-522. [PMID: 35878047 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Up to 50% of people with HIV (PWH) experience neurocognitive impairments (NCIs) that can interfere with everyday functioning and reduce quality of life. To address this problem, this study examined the immediate and long-term efficacy of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CCRT) on cognitive function in PWH in Tehran, Iran. Thirty PWH with NCI engaged in 24 biweekly 90-min CCRT sessions. A control group of 30 PWH and NCI received treatment-as-usual, but no CCRT. The cognitive rehabilitation protocol focused on attention, visual memory, nonverbal learning, and planning. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up cognitive measurements showed that the designed CCRT protocol was effective in improving performance in selected cognitive domains along with the global neurocognitive performance scores of PWH. These findings suggest that this CCRT protocol be considered as part of a treatment plan to address cognitive impairment for PWH. Implications for clinical practice and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Sadat Etesami
- Maede Sadat Etesami, MSc, is a Clinical Psychologist and Researcher, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex; Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Nadia Saboury, MSc, is a Psychologist, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. Minoo Mohraz, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, MD, PhD, MPhil, is an Associate Professor and Senior Medical Researcher, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Deborah L. Jones, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. David E. Vance, PhD, MGS, is a Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences; Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; and Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Qi S, Fu Z, Wu L, Calhoun VD, Zhang D, Daughters SB, Hsu PC, Jiang R, Vergara VM, Sui J, Addicott MA. Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:923065. [PMID: 35968362 PMCID: PMC9363622 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.923065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are associated with changes in cognition and DNA methylation; however, the neurobiological correlates of these effects have not been fully elucidated, especially in long-term cessation. Cognitive performance, percent methylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene, and abstinence duration were used as references to supervise a multimodal fusion analysis of functional, structural, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in order to identify associated brain networks in smokers and ex-smokers. Correlations among these networks and with smoking-related measures were performed. Cognition-, methylation-, and abstinence duration-associated networks discriminated between smokers and ex-smokers and correlated with differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values, gray matter volume (GMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Long-term smoking cessation was associated with more accurate cognitive performance, as well as lower fALFF and more GMV in the hippocampus complex. The methylation- and abstinence duration-associated networks positively correlated with smoking-related measures of abstinence duration and percent methylation, respectively, suggesting they are complementary measures. This analysis revealed structural and functional co-alterations linked to smoking abstinence and cognitive performance in brain regions including the insula, frontal gyri, and lingual gyri. Furthermore, AHRR methylation, a promising epigenetic biomarker of smoking recency, may provide an important complement to self-reported abstinence duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lei Wu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Victor M. Vergara
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Merideth A. Addicott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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The Effects of “Diet–Smoking–Gender” Three-Way Interactions on Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102144. [PMID: 35631285 PMCID: PMC9147822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on gender variations in the risk factors of cognitive impairment are required to promote future precision medicine among older adults, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the “male–female health-survival paradox”. With this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interactions on cognitive impairments among Chinese older adults. We conducted a 16-year prospective cohort study among 15,953, 15,555, 16,849, 9716, 7116, and 13,165 older adults from the 2002, 2005, 2008–2009, 2011–2012, 2014, and 2017–2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), respectively. Cognitive impairment was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using the CLHLS food frequency questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interaction effects on cognitive impairment across the six waves of CLHLS. We found that higher dietary diversity was associated with lower probability of cognitive impairment among older adults (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.90, 0.98). However, smoking behavior may negatively influence the protective effect of higher dietary diversity on cognitive function among females (OR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.49). Our findings imply that we should take gender differences and lifestyle behaviors into consideration in implementing dietary interventions to improve cognitive function among older adults.
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Fernandes TP, Shoshina II, Oliveira MEC, Andreevna VE, Silva GM, Santos NA. Correlates of clinical variables on early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:323-330. [PMID: 35339912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of noninvasive tools can help understand mental states and changes that are caused by medications, symptom severity, and other clinical variables. We investigated low-level visual processing using the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a reliable, robust, and widely used approach. Our main purpose was (1) to evaluate visual impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients and (2) to investigate associations between clinical variables and visual function in both diseases. Fifty-six healthy controls (HCs; mean age = 31.04 years), 42 BPD patients (mean age = 32.84 years) who took only lithium, and 39 SCZ patients who took only olanzapine (mean age = 32.80 years) were recruited for this study. CSF differed between groups. Both groups of patients exhibited lower discrimination at low, mid-, and high spatial frequencies compared with HCs. No differences were observed between patients, with the exception of high spatial frequency. These impairments were also related to clinical variables, revealed by a strong effect in the mediation analyses. These findings may aid investigations of other clinical variables and the role of state- and trait-like effects on visual and cognitive processing in these patient populations. This study underscores the need for visual remediation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriella M Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
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Fernandes TP, Oliveira MEC, Silva GM, Santos NA. Improvement in visual performance after nicotine gum administration in tobacco use disorder: a case report. J Addict Dis 2022; 40:568-576. [PMID: 35264083 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.2020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic tobacco consumption, identified as Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD), is a public health problem. We present a case report of a 37-year-old Brazilian male diagnosed with TUD at age 26, with no comorbidities, that presented visual improvements (i.e., lower thresholds and better discrimination) after nicotine gum administration. Here, we assessed contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination using the Metropsis and the Cambridge Colour Test, respectively. Results showed lower thresholds for both visual tasks after the use of nicotine gum. Even considering this is a single case report, our intent is to open new avenues for research involving smoking, addiction and the use of nicotine gum as a replacement tool or adjuvant tool for improvement of visual and/or cognitive processing. It is well known that nicotine gum has protective effects for some diseases, and improves some cognitive functions. However, unclear were its effects on visual processing of people with TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M Silva
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Lab, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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12
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Almeida NL, Silva JBS, Oliveira MEC, Fernandes TP, Santos NA. Eye movement impairments in children with malnutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 57:644-651. [PMID: 35262928 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is characterised by deficient nutrient ingestion and absorption and is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Our main rationale was that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may affect eye movement in children with malnutrition. Twenty children without PEM (mean age = 10.8; SD = 1.0 years) and 18 children with PEM (mean age = 10.9; SD = 1.2 years) were included in the present study. We applied three types of tests: one that consisted of a maze and two versions of the Spot the Seven Errors test using boats and elephants. Our results indicated that children with PEM exhibited performance deficits in the maze test (p < .001) and Spot the Seven Errors test for both boats (p < .001) and elephants (p < .001). These data suggest that nutritional impairments during the first year of life (i.e., a critical period) can directly impact eye movement. Eye tracking is a reliable technique to investigate higher-order processes, but our results should be interpreted with caution. Our findings highlight the relevance of cognitive development in malnourished children, which can negatively affect their development. Screening, assessment and rehabilitation strategies are essential in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jessica B S Silva
- Department of Psychology, Minas Gerais State University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milena E C Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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13
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Kim DY, Jang Y, Heo DW, Jo S, Kim HC, Lee JH. Electronic Cigarette Vaping Did Not Enhance the Neural Process of Working Memory for Regular Cigarette Smokers. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:817538. [PMID: 35250518 PMCID: PMC8894252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.817538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) as substitute devices for regular tobacco cigarettes (r-cigs) have been increasing in recent times. We investigated neuronal substrates of vaping e-cigs and smoking r-cigs from r-cig smokers. Methods Twenty-two r-cig smokers made two visits following overnight smoking cessation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired while participants watched smoking images. Participants were then allowed to smoke either an e-cig or r-cig until satiated and fMRI data were acquired. Their craving levels and performance on the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and a 3-back alphabet/digit recognition task were obtained and analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified by comparing the abstained and satiated conditions. Neuronal activation within ROIs was regressed on the craving and behavioral data separately. Results Craving was more substantially reduced by smoking r-cigs than by vaping e-cigs. The response time (RT) for the 3-back task was significantly shorter following smoking r-cigs than following vaping e-cigs (interaction: F (1, 17) = 5.3, p = 0.035). Neuronal activations of the right vermis (r = 0.43, p = 0.037, CI = [-0.05, 0.74]), right caudate (r = 0.51, p = 0.015, CI = [0.05, 0.79]), and right superior frontal gyrus (r = −0.70, p = 0.001, CI = [−0.88, −0.34]) were significantly correlated with the RT for the 3-back task only for smoking r-cigs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that insufficient satiety from vaping e-cigs for r-cigs smokers may be insignificant effect on working memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youl Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Woon Heo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungman Jo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hwan Lee,
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14
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Schröder R, Reuter M, Faßbender K, Plieger T, Poulsen J, Lui SSY, Chan RCK, Ettinger U. The role of the SLC6A3 3' UTR VNTR in nicotine effects on cognitive, affective, and motor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:489-507. [PMID: 34854936 PMCID: PMC8638222 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine has been widely studied for its pro-dopaminergic effects. However, at the behavioural level, past investigations have yielded heterogeneous results concerning effects on cognitive, affective, and motor outcomes, possibly linked to individual differences at the level of genetics. A candidate polymorphism is the 40-base-pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (rs28363170) in the SLC6A3 gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT). The polymorphism has been associated with striatal DAT availability (9R-carriers > 10R-homozygotes), and 9R-carriers have been shown to react more strongly to dopamine agonistic pharmacological challenges than 10R-homozygotes. OBJECTIVES In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that 9R-carriers would be more responsive to nicotine due to genotype-related differences in DAT availability and resulting dopamine activity. METHODS N=194 non-smokers were grouped according to their genotype (9R-carriers, 10R-homozygotes) and received either 2-mg nicotine or placebo gum in a between-subject design. Spontaneous blink rate (SBR) was obtained as an indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity and smooth pursuit, stop signal, simple choice and affective processing tasks were carried out in randomized order. RESULTS Reaction times were decreased under nicotine compared to placebo in the simple choice and stop signal tasks, but nicotine and genotype had no effects on any of the other task outcomes. Conditional process analyses testing the mediating effect of SBR on performance and how this is affected by genotype yielded no significant results. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we could not confirm our main hypothesis. Individual differences in nicotine response could not be explained by rs28363170 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaja Faßbender
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessie Poulsen
- Nicotine Science Center, Fertin Pharma A/S, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience (NACN) Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Zhang Q, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhu S, Zhou W, Zhang L, Dong G, Cao Y. Smoking Status and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:926708. [PMID: 35873239 PMCID: PMC9301276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the correlation between smoking status and different domains of cognitive function in elderly Americans. METHODS We used data from the 2011 to 2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants over 60 years with available smoking history and cognitive function data were enrolled in our analysis. The NHANES study included the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessment, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) to assess cognition. Multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the association between cigarette smoking and cognitive function. RESULTS A total of 2,932 participants were enrolled in the analysis, including 372 (12.7%) current smokers, 1,115 (38%) former smokers, and 1,445 (49.3%) never smokers. Never smokers had in average 3.82 (95% CI, 2.21 to 5.43) points more than current smokers in the DSST, whereas former smokers had 3.12 (95% CI, 1.51 to 4.73) points more than current smokers. Besides, smoking was not associated with the results of the AFT or the CERAD test. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with processing speed among the American elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanzhong Dong
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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16
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Shoshina II, Hovis JK, Felisberti FM, Santos NA, Adreeva A, Butler PD, Fernandes TP. Visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114200. [PMID: 34653830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) have deficits in early visual processing, namely contrast processing. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an important measure to investigate neuroplasticity in some visual functions like visual perception. In this study, we investigated the relationship between visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. Thirty-nine healthy controls and 43 first-episode SCZ patients were enrolled. Contrast sensitivity measurements were conducted using low, mid- and high spatial frequencies. First-episode SCZ patients had higher contrast sensitivity than healthy controls for all frequencies, except for the middle spatial frequency. Negative correlations were found between BDNF, contrast sensitivity and clinical variables, mostly for middle and high spatial frequencies among females. Our results provide support for (i) the association of SCZ with alterations of magno- and parvocellular pathway functioning and (ii) decreased BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. This study highlights the importance of using biomarkers along with other measures to investigate visual processing in SCZ and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Visual Physiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima M Felisberti
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Adreeva
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
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17
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Souto JJ, Silva GM, Almeida NL, Shoshina II, Santos NA, Fernandes TP. Age-related episodic memory decline and the role of amyloid-β: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15:299-313. [PMID: 34630918 PMCID: PMC8485646 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging has been associated with the functional decline of episodic memory (EM). Unanswered questions are whether the decline of EM occurs even during healthy aging and whether this decline is related to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the hippocampus. Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate data on the relationship between the age-related EM decline and Aβ deposition. Methods We searched the Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and reference lists of retrieved articles that were published in the past 10 years. The initial literature search identified 517 studies. After screening the title, abstract, key words, and reference lists, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The overall results revealed that increases in Aβ are related to lower hippocampal volume and worse performance on EM tests. The results of this systematic review revealed that high levels of Aβ may be related to EM deficits and the progression to Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions We discussed the strengths and pitfalls of various tests and techniques used for investigating EM and Aβ deposition, methodological issues, and potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandirlly Julianna Souto
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Medeiros Silva
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natalia Leandro Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Natanael Antonio Santos
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paiva Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - João Pessoa, Brazil
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18
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Silva GM, Souto JJ, Fernandes TP, Bonifacio TA, Almeida NL, Gomes GH, Felisberti FM, Santos NA. Impairments of facial detection in tobacco use disorder: baseline data and impact of smoking duration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 43:376-384. [PMID: 32997076 PMCID: PMC8352734 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Chronic tobacco consumption, classified as tobacco use disorder (TUD), has been associated with a variety of health problems. Investigations of face processing in TUD are hampered by lack of evidence. Here, we evaluated facial detection in TUD and assessed test-retest reliability for a facial detection task. Methods: Participants were instructed to detect the orientation (either left or right) of a face when it was presented with a face/non-face pair on the monitor screen, using Bayesian entropy estimation. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to test the reliability of the task. The general linear model and Bayesian statistics were then used to evaluate differences between TUD (n=48) and healthy controls (n=34). Results: The reliability of the task was high for the 96 stimuli presentations. Slower reaction times (p < 0.001) and lower discrimination index (p < 0.001) were observed in the TUD group than for healthy controls. Mediation analysis indicated direct effects of smoking duration on reaction time (p < 0.001) and discrimination index (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, we observed high reliability of this task and reduction of facial detection in tobacco use disorder. We conclude our findings are significant for public health initiatives and call for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jandirlly J Souto
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Bonifacio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Natalia L Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natanael A Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratório de Percepção, Neurociências e Comportamento, UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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19
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Silva GM, Fernandes TP, Felisberti FM, Oliveira ME, Almeida NL, Souto JJ, Santos NA. Heavy and light smokers have slight differences in chromatic discrimination. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:151-156. [PMID: 34338615 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1950285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of smoking on color vision have been scarcely studied. To bridge such gap, this study examined if there were differences in chromatic discrimination between heavy and light smokers. Methods: The psychophysical Trivector test was used to evaluate chromatic discrimination in healthy controls (n = 36), heavy smokers (n = 29), and light smokers (n = 32). The subject's task was to identify the orientation of the Landolt C ring gap - presented and randomized in one of the four positions (e.g., up, down, right, and left). Results: The thresholds for Protan (red), Deutan (green) and Tritan (blue) were higher in heavy smokers compared to nonsmokers but not to light smokers. Conclusions: The results confirm that heavy smoking and chronic exposure to its harmful compounds affect color discrimination when compared to light smoking; and this is more pronounced in heavy smokers than light smokers. This is particularly important to understand the differences among smokers on visual and multisensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Milena E Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natalia L Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jandirlly J Souto
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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20
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Fernandes TP, Almeida NL, Silva GM, Santos NA. Nicotine gum enhances visual processing in healthy nonsmokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2593-2605. [PMID: 33675460 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to investigate the isolated effects of nicotine on visual processing, namely contrast processing. METHODS Thirteen participants, aged 18-40 years, were enrolled in this double blind, randomized and pilot controlled trial involving nicotine gum administration (placebo, 2-mg and 4-mg doses). The participants' instruction was to detect the location of vertical gratings (0.2; 1.0; 3.3; 5.7; 8.8; 13.2 and 15.9 cycles per degree) when it was presented either left or right on the monitor screen. A repeated multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to analyse the results for the visual processing tasks. Bayesian analyses were also carried out considering maximum robustness to avoid bias. RESULTS The findings that nicotine gum administration resulted in better contrast discrimination when compared to placebo gum (p < .001). More specifically, the 4-mg resulted in better visual sensitivity when compared to the 2-mg (p < .01) and the placebo (p < .001) gum. Demographic data were not related to the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These data bring the need for support the findings. If proved, it is possible that nicotine, in small doses, can have a potential therapeutic use for those populations with low vision. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-46tjy3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil. .,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Natalia L Almeida
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil. .,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Gabriella M Silva
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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21
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Zheng J, Zhou R, Li F, Chen L, Wu K, Huang J, Liu H, Huang Z, Xu L, Yuan Z, Mao C, Wu X. Association between dietary diversity and cognitive impairment among the oldest-old: Findings from a nationwide cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1452-1462. [PMID: 33740515 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary diversity is widely recommended in national and international guidelines; however, whether the beneficial effects on cognitive function still apply in the oldest-old (80+) has rarely been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary diversity with cognitive function among the oldest-old in a large prospective cohort in China. METHODS We conducted a long-term prospective analysis on 11,970 participants aged 80+ (6581 octogenarians, 3730 nonagenarians, and 1659 centenarians). We constructed the baseline dietary diversity score (DDS) based on eight food items of a food frequency questionnaire. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to classify the participants as having cognitive impairment or not and was also used as a continuous metric. Non-linear associations of DDS with cognitive impairment was evaluated by cox models with penalized splines. We used mixed-effect models for longitudinal data with repeated measurements of MMSE (for up to seven time during the follow-up between 1998 and 2014). RESULTS We documented 4778 cognitive impairment during 46,738 person-years of follow-up. Each one unit increase in DDS was associated with a 4% lower risk of cognitive impairment (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.94-0.98). Compared to participants with DDS of 0 score, those with a DDS of 1-2, 3-4, and higher than 5 scores had a lower cognitive impairment risk, the HRs were 0.86 (0.79-0.95), 0.82 (0.74-0.91), and 0.72 (0.64-0.82) respectively, and a significant trend emerged (p < 0.001). Compared with DDS of zero score, a DDS of 1-2,3-4, ≥5 was related to slower MMSE decline (β = 0.128, 0.162, 0.301, respectively, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Even after the age of 80, dietary diversity may offer a simple and straightforward mean of identifying and screening individuals at high risk for cognitive impairment. Recommendation of dietary diversity may be advocated to attenuate cognitive decline and decrease the risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest-old, especially in a low income or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liren Chen
- Department of Regional Research, School of Social Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghan Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zelin Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xianbo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Silva GM, Almeida NL, Souto JJS, Rodrigues SJ, Fernandes TP, Santos NA. Does chronic smoking affect performance on a go/no-go task? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fernandes TP, Hovis JK, Almeida N, Souto JJS, Bonifacio TA, Rodrigues S, Silva GM, Andrade MO, Silva JB, Gomes GH, Oliveira ME, Lima EH, Gomes ME, Junior MVA, Martins ML, Santos NA. Effects of Nicotine Gum Administration on Vision (ENIGMA-Vis): Study Protocol of a Double-Blind, Randomized, and Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:314. [PMID: 33100983 PMCID: PMC7506462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies reported that tobacco addiction was related to visual impairments, but one unresolved issue is whether the impairments are related to the many compounds existing in the cigarettes or to the effects of nicotine. On the other hand, nicotine gum can be used as replacement therapy or as a neuroprotective agent for some diseases. The main purpose of this controlled trial is to investigate the effects of nicotine gum on vision. The ENIGMA-Vis trial aims to compare two dosages of nicotine gum (2 and 4 mg) and a placebo gum in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 100 participants to be allocated into a single group assignment of repeated measures (two studies; N = 50 for each one). Eligibility criteria are healthy non-smokers not diagnosed with substance abuse and without an acute or chronic medical condition. Intervention will last three sessions for each participant with a window frame of 1 week per session. Study outcomes are (1) short-term effects of nicotine gum on contrast sensitivity; (2) short-term effects of nicotine gum on chromatic contrast discrimination; and (3) whether demographics, body mass index, or serum cotinine predicts response of visual processing. This study addresses an important gap in the effects of nicotine on vision. One of the main takeaways of this study is to understand the effects of nicotine on contrast sensitivity and chromatic contrast discrimination. This information will provide a further understanding of how nicotine interacts with early visual processes and help determine how the different components present during smoking can affect vision. Clinical Trial Registration Number: RBR-46tjy3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Natalia Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jandirlly J S Souto
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Bonifacio
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Stephanye Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Medeiros Silva
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Michael Oliveira Andrade
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jessica Bruna Silva
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Edite Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eveline Holanda Lima
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Gomes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcos V A Junior
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Martins
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Speech Therapy, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Fernandes TP, Butler PD, Rodrigues SJ, Silva GM, Anchieta MV, Souto JJS, Gomes GHV, Almeida NL, Santos NA. Short-term effects of nicotine gum on facial detection in healthy nonsmokers: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:15-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1805093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Fernandes
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pamela D. Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Stephanye J. Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M. Silva
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Jandirlly J. S. Souto
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia L. Almeida
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Natanael A. Santos
- Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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