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Santos SP, Soares HHP, Perez Neto S, Caseiro Filho LC, Girasol CE. Epidemiology of Injuries and Their Implications in Jiu-Jitsu Practitioners: An Integrative Systematic Review. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e364-e371. [PMID: 38911890 PMCID: PMC11193589 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemiology of injury types among jiu-jitsu practitioners, as well as the incidence regarding different skill and experience levels, through the question: "What are the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in Jiu-Jitsu practitioners?". Methods Since the beginning of the study, in August 2020, we conducted a search on the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO electronic databases. We included cross-sectional studies published between 2018 and 2023 on the epidemiology of the types of injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners that compared their incidence regarding different levels of ability and experience. Two independent researchers performed the data extraction and assessed the risk of bias. Results Seven studies were included. The common outcomes involved 2,847 jiu-jitsu practitioners. A high prevalence in the knee joint and chest and rib areas was reported. Considering the difference in experience level among the practitioners, we could observe that most of the individuals included were beginners. Among the age groups observed, male practitioners older than 30 years of age were the ones who presented the highest rate of musculoskeletal injury, especially during training sessions. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners. The most affected anatomical segments are the knee joint, the chest, and the rib region, followed by the shoulder joint. The related factors change according to certain variables, being more common during training in male individuals over 30 years of age and beginners in the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Santos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sebastião Perez Neto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luis Carlos Caseiro Filho
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Girasol
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Hasegawa ME, Obana KK, Ishikawa KM, Tamate TM, Chang SB, Crawford SN. Increasing trend in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments - a 10-year analysis and injury profile. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:167-174. [PMID: 36995123 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2197898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate injury trends in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) participation by presenting to U.S. emergency departments over a 10-year period and formulate an injury profile. METHODS The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for martial arts related injuries from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021. Codes and narratives were examined to compile data for patients sustaining BJJ-related injuries. RESULTS From 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021 there were 7,722 (NE = 282,315) ED-diagnosed martial arts related injuries with 911 (NE = 36,023) BJJ-related injuries identified. Regression analysis demonstrated an increasing trend in the annual incidence of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu injuries presenting to the ED (R2 = 0.934; SE = 2.069: p < .0001). Average age was 25.68 years of age (range 4-83). The most common injury diagnoses were sprains/strains and other/not listed at 27.68% and 26.39%. The most commonly injured body parts were the upper trunk, and the shoulder comprising 13.66% and 12.14% of injured body parts, respectively. The most commonly fractured region was toes, at 14.15% of all fractures. The most common dislocations occurred at the shoulder and knee, at 32.49% and 28.45% of dislocations, respectively. The most common mechanisms of injury specifically identified were indeterminate contact between players, fall onto ground, or fall onto another player comprising 18.62% and 17.17%, of injuries, respectively. CONCLUSION There was an increasing trend of BJJ-related injuries presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments. The most common diagnoses and body parts injured were sprains/strains and upper trunk and shoulder, respectively. The most commonly fractured and dislocated regions were toes and shoulder, respectively. The most common mechanisms of injury were indeterminate contact or falling. This study provides novel information concerning trends in injury and injury profiles for Brazilian Jiu Jitsu related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Hasegawa
- University of Hawai'i, Division of Orthopaedics- Department of Surgery, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kyle K Obana
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kyle M Ishikawa
- John A. Burns School of Medicine Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Trent M Tamate
- University of Hawai'i, Division of Orthopaedics- Department of Surgery, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shaun B Chang
- University of Washington Department of Orthopaedics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott N Crawford
- University of Hawai'i, Division of Orthopaedics- Department of Surgery, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Straub Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Joint Centers, Hawai'i Pacific Health, Honolulu, HI, USA
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de Sire A, Demeco A, Frizziero A, Marotta N, Spanò R, Carozzo S, Costantino C, Ammendolia A. Risk of injury and kinematic assessment of the shoulder biomechanics during strokes in padel players: a cross-sectional study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:383-391. [PMID: 37955931 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Padel players commonly suffer from shoulder pain and the particularly high incidence is probably linked to the high frequency of strokes. In addition, due to the repetitive technical gesture, an adequate technique is essential in terms of performance and injury risk prevention. Aim of this study was to objectively evaluate shoulder kinematic during the athletic gesture to analyze the risk factors linked to padel strokes. METHODS Professional and amateur padel players underwent a three-dimensional motion analysis of the padel strokes utilizing optoelectronic and surface electromyography systems (BTS Bioengineering, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy). RESULTS Twelve padel players were included in this study (10 professional players in Group A and 10 amateurs in Group B). Experience influences the execution of padel strokes with a significant difference between group A and B in terms of gleno-humeral rotation and scapular tilt. Moreover, a subgroup analysis revealed that male players execute voleè with a higher external rotation (P=0.043), and forehand with a higher scapular tilt (P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that the high ranges of motion of the overhead strokes could rise the risk of slap lesion, impingement, and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. However, a correct execution of the athletic gesture is linked with a dynamic stabilization of the humeral head. In conclusion, the kinematic analysis could help in the early identification of the kinematic alteration to build a tailored rehabilitation plan based on the athlete's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Demeco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy -
| | - Antonio Frizziero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Marotta
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spanò
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simone Carozzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cosimo Costantino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Jeong JH, Kim YK. Association of Scapular Dyskinesis with Neck and Shoulder Function and Training Period in Brazilian Ju-Jitsu Athletes. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1481. [PMID: 37629771 PMCID: PMC10456877 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Neck and shoulder injuries are common in Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ) athletes, and scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with these injuries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD in BJJ athletes, their neck and shoulder function and strength, and the BJJ training period. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight BJJ athletes participated in the study. Years of experience with BJJ, belt, shoulder internal and external rotation strength, neck strength, neck disability index (NDI), and SD were measured. Results: Approximately 31 BJJ athletes (64.6%) showed SD, and the nondominant arm showed a more obvious SD (n = 22, 45.8%) than the dominant arm (n = 18, 37.5%). Those with over five years of BJJ training experience showed a significantly higher rate of SD (p = 0.006) than those with less than five years of experience. Shoulder isometric internal rotation strength was significantly weaker in the obvious SD group than in the normal SD group (p = 0.014). Neck isometric strength and NDI did not differ significantly between individuals with or without SD. Conclusions: SD was common among BJJ athletes, and more experienced BJJ athletes exhibited higher rates of SD. Shoulder rotational strength was weaker with SD. Further studies are necessary on the neck and shoulders of BJJ athletes with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea;
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Patenteu I, Predoiu R, Makarowski R, Predoiu A, Piotrowski A, Geambașu A, Nica SA. A-trait and risk-taking behavior in predicting injury severity among martial arts athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134829. [PMID: 37469890 PMCID: PMC10352455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trait anxiety (A-trait) can be seen as a multiplicative function of the person-situation interaction. Considering risk-taking behavior (R-TB), literature highlights instrumental and stimulating risk. The aim of the research is to investigate the level of A-trait (in physically dangerous conditions and in new, unusual situations) and the level of R-TB (instrumental and stimulating risk) in athletes, and to verify to what extent A-trait and risk-taking behavior predict injury severity. Materials and methods One hundred and fifty-four senior martial arts athletes from grappling combat sports, striking combat sports and mixed martial artists (MMA) participated in the study. For assessing trait anxiety and risk-taking behavior, the Romanian adaptation of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS), respectively the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire were used. Results Using multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences between athletes (according to the sports disciplines practiced), in terms of A-trait and R-TB, were examined. Next, we checked the existing correlations between injury severity, A-trait and R-TB scores in athletes practicing striking combat sports, grappling combat sports and MMA. To verify whether there are significant differences in terms of trait anxiety, stimulating and instrumental risk between athletes who have suffered mild, moderate and/or severe injuries and athletes who have suffered only minor/mild injuries, t-Test for Independent Samples was used. Binomial logistic regression procedures were, also, performed, predicting athletes' likelihood of injury, based on R-TB and A-trait. Conclusion A moderate or slightly below average level of anxiety in new, unusual situations and a higher level of instrumental risk are linked with a decreased likelihood of severe injuries in athletes. Martial arts athletes (in entire sample) who have suffered more severe injuries are more adrenaline-seeking in competition and use less rational thinking, taking more pleasure in just performing technical executions, regardless of the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Patenteu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Teachers' Training Department, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ryszard Makarowski
- Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elblag, Elblag, Poland
| | - Alexandra Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Sports and Motor Performance Department, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Adina Geambașu
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Special Motricity and Medical Recovery Department, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sarah Adriana Nica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
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Hunker JJ, Tarpada SP, Khoury J, Goch A, Kahn M. Injuries Common to the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Practitioner. Cureus 2023; 15:e37502. [PMID: 37187642 PMCID: PMC10181877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art that focuses on ground combat, emphasizing skill over strength and submission over striking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nature of injuries affecting practitioners of BJJ in the settings of competition, training, and conditioning. METHODS An online survey was created to collect demographic and injury-specific information. This survey was distributed to the 234 schools in the United States registered with the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF). The survey was also distributed to local BJJ schools and at local tournaments in the Greater New York City area. Data from a total of N=56 participants were recorded for this survey. RESULTS The majority of participants were male (n=44, 78.6%) and amateur competitors (n=29, 51.8%) with an average duration of BJJ training of 6.9 ± 5.9 years. The majority of participants (82.1%) train at least six hours per week and compete in an average of 4.6 ± 2.5 competitions per year. The most common injuries were to the finger/hand (78.6%) and knee (61.5%). The most commonly reported fracture was of the hand/fingers (n=6). Of the 156 total injuries reported, 133 (85.3%) occurred during practice or training rather than in competition and 76 (48.7%) required medical attention. Few injuries required surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel information regarding injury characteristics of BJJ practitioners with respect to the level of training and use of protective equipment that can guide expectations and management for this unique group of athletes. Amateur BJJ practitioners are the most commonly injured, and largely experience injuries of the upper extremities during training or conditioning rather than during competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hunker
- Surgery, New York Presbyterian - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York City, USA
| | - Sandip P Tarpada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, Bronx, USA
| | - Joseph Khoury
- Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, USA
| | - Abraham Goch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Medical Group, Church Falls, USA
| | - Mani Kahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, Bronx, USA
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7
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Ifrach J, Neavling NB, Yocom SS, Tonetti DA. Cervical spine Flexion-Distraction fracture in a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athlete: A case report and literature review. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Stellpflug SJ, Dummer MF, Martin CD, Vera JA, LeFevere RC. Cervical Artery Dissections and Ischemic Strokes Associated with Vascular Neck Compression Techniques (Sportive Chokes). J Emerg Med 2022; 63:49-57. [PMID: 35934648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strangulation as a fight-finishing maneuver in combat sports, termed "choking" in that context, occurs worldwide millions of times yearly. This activity can be trained safely, but devastating injuries can occur. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to present a case series of cervical artery dissections and ischemic strokes associated with sportive choking. Sharing these cases is meant to draw awareness, to assist emergency physicians in caring for these athletes, and to provide a platform for further research. METHODS Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Participants consented for medical information transfer and anonymous academic reproduction. The minimum medical record information necessary for inclusion was a report of diagnosis-confirming advanced imaging. Participants were contacted for primary information in addition to what the medical records could provide and to confirm some information in the record (e.g., pertinent medical history, demographic characteristics, choking event description, medical care, and commentary on their current health). Medical records and additional first-hand information were reviewed and participants were included if they had a diagnosed dissection or stroke likely associated with a sportive choke. RESULTS Ten cases met all criteria for inclusion. There were 5 cases of carotid artery dissection, 3 cases of vertebral artery dissection, and 2 cases of ischemic stroke without dissection. Nine of 10 participants survived and 3 of 10 have returned to submission grappling training. CONCLUSIONS Cervical artery dissections and ischemic strokes can occur in association with sportive choking. Emergency physicians must be aware of the widespread nature of this activity and must be vigilant in approaching management of patients with symptoms consistent with these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew F Dummer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Joshua A Vera
- Hazel Hawkins Memorial Hospital, Hollister, California
| | - Robert C LeFevere
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Sędek K, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Cygańska AK, Drzał-Grabiec J. Back pain and body posture of non-professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12838. [PMID: 35261817 PMCID: PMC8898545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of back pain in non-professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners (NP-BJJ practitioners), and to assess the relationship between their back pain and postural disorders. Methods The study involved 61 subjects (age: 30.7 ± 4.9 years old; body mass: 79.4 ± 12.9 kg; body height: 179.6 ± 8.4 cm; 8 woman and 53 man), 31 who trained Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and 30 subjects who had never trained any combat sport. The mean time of training BJJ in the study population was 3.9 ± 4.1 years. Postural assessments were conducted with the use of the photogrammetric method. The assessment of back pain and injuries was conducted with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and with our proprietary questionnaire. Results Among both populations, 37 subjects reported back pain. There were no differences in back pain location between the two groups or in functional state on the ODI. Significant differences between the groups in the values of the postural parameters (spinal height, length of kyphosis, length of lordosis, pelvis inclination angle) were observed. Statistically significant differences between the NP-BJJ practitioners with and without back pain in the length of the thoracic kyphosis and the differences in the height of the waist triangles were found. Conclusions Both in the study population and in the control group the spinal pain was minimal or moderate on the ODI. BJJ practitioners who reported back pain had characteristic postural changes in some of the analysed postural parameters in comparison to BJJ practitioners who did not report back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sędek
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Katarzyna Cygańska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Hinz M, Kleim BD, Berthold DP, Geyer S, Lambert C, Imhoff AB, Mehl J. Injury Patterns, Risk Factors, and Return to Sport in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu: A Cross-sectional Survey of 1140 Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 9:23259671211062568. [PMID: 34988235 PMCID: PMC8721390 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211062568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ) is a growing martial art that focuses on grappling techniques. Purpose To quantify the 3-year incidence of BJJ-related injuries and detect common injury patterns as well as risk factors among those practicing BJJ. It was hypothesized that there would be a high incidence of injuries, they would be caused by submissions in sparring situations, and they would occur predominantly at the extremities. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Active BJJ athletes were invited to take an English-language online survey developed by orthopaedic surgeons together with BJJ athletes and a sports scientist. Data were recorded regarding athlete demographics, sporting activity level, injuries within the past 3 years that caused at least a 2-week time loss, injury mechanisms, and return to sport. Results Overall, 1140 responses were received from 62 different countries; 88.9% of all athletes were male, and 63.9% were regular competitors. Within the investigated cohort, 1052 injuries were recorded in 784 athletes, for an injury incidence of 308 per 1000 athletes per year. The lower extremity (45.7%) and upper extremity (30.2%) were predominant sites of injury, with injuries to the knee (27.1%) being the most common. The most frequent knee injuries were meniscal injuries (n = 65), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (n = 36), and medial collateral ligament injuries (n = 36). ACL tears were especially associated with long time frames for return to sport. Most injuries occurred during sparring (77.6%) and were caused by submissions (29.7%) and takedowns (26.4%). Competing regularly (P = .003), older age (P < .001), and higher belt rank (P = .003) were significant risk factors for injury. Conclusion Injury incidence was high among BJJ athletes surveyed, with 2 out of 3 athletes reporting at least 1 injury within a 3-year period that caused a 2-week absence from training. Most injuries occurred during sparring, and we believe that a high potential for injury reduction lies in drawing awareness to common injury patterns and sites in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hinz
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Kleim
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Berthold
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Geyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Mehl
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Juliano Eustaquio JM, Fontoura Borges AM, Vilela LS, Carvalho Gouveia MP, Rabelo AL, Kaleka CC, Debieux P, Barbosa Neto O. Does the Fight Profile Interfere with Orthopedic Injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu? Open Access J Sports Med 2021; 12:171-178. [PMID: 34803410 PMCID: PMC8594892 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s337912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of orthopedic injuries associated with the technical-tactical profiles of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) fighters, according to the fighters’ graduation level (beginner and advanced). Patients and Methods Cross-sectional study, which included the participation of amateur and professional BJJ athletes, aged between 18 and 60 years and practitioners of the sport for at least six months. All answered a mixed self-reported morbidity questionnaire. Participants were divided into four groups, according to the technical-tactical profile in the fight (keeper and passer) and the fighter’s graduation level (beginner and advanced), and also into four subgroups, divided by joining the groups in pairs above. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures were used, with a level of statistical significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results A total of 198 participants were included in the study. There was a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in advanced fighters (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the profiles of guard and passer fighters. Sprains were the most common type of injury in all studied groups and subgroups. The anatomical segments knee and shoulder, respectively, were the most affected in all groups, and both segments showed significant associations of the athletes in the advanced and guard groups. Conclusion The study showed important data for creation of specifics injury prevention protocols, through the higher prevalence of injuries in athletes of the advanced profile and in the segments of the knee and shoulder, with emphasis on the guard fighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martins Juliano Eustaquio
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro), Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mário Palmerio Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto Martins Fontoura Borges
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mário Palmerio Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorena Souza Vilela
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mário Palmerio Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pizarro Carvalho Gouveia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mário Palmerio Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Laruzo Rabelo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mário Palmerio Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Cohen Kaleka
- Knee Surgery Group, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Debieux
- Knee Surgery Group, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy Group, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Octávio Barbosa Neto
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Eustaquio JMJ, Rabelo AL, Debieux P, Kaleka CC, Barbosa O. KNEE INJURIES PREVALENCE IN BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2021; 29:327-330. [PMID: 34849099 PMCID: PMC8601382 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220212906240726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of knee injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners. METHODS Cross-sectional study, using a mixed questionnaire, based on the Referred Morbidity Index. RESULTS 198 amateur and professional BJJ fighters, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60 years, participated in the study. The majority (88%) of the fighters had only one knee injury (p < 0.001). In total, 29.8% proportion of knee injuries (p < 0.001) was identified, which were mainly from the medial collateral ligament (38%), caused by a sprain mechanism (86%) and conservative treatment (65%). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of knee injuries in JJB fighters was found, compared to other sports that also perform rotational movements and have great body contact, such as mixed martial arts (MMA), judo, soccer, basketball and handball. Some JJB strikes, such as the key and the projection, can cause greater knee joint stress, both in the attacking fighter and in the opponent. The knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of sports injuries is important in the elaboration of prevention and training protocols more specific to the sport and for the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved with this outcome in sport. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martins Juliano Eustaquio
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Research Group on Human Performance and Sport, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- University of Uberaba, Mário Palmério Hospital, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Debieux
- Federal University of São Paulo, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Cohen Kaleka
- Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Cohen Institute of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Octávio Barbosa
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Research Group on Human Performance and Sport, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Stellpflug SJ, Schindler BR, Corry JJ, Menton TR, LeFevere RC. The safety of sportive chokes: a cross-sectional survey-based study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:473-479. [PMID: 32271638 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1754734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sportive choking or strangling, known as a 'choke' in the combat sports community, is the practice of compressing the jugular veins and carotid arteries to threaten unconsciousness by lowering cerebral perfusion pressure. This is commonly practiced within combat sports and police/military combatives. The safety profile of sportive choking is underrepresented in the literature. The authors sought to explore the safety of sportive chokes. Methods: A convenience sample of visitors to two combat sports internet forums completed an anonymous web-based survey on choking experience and related symptoms. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the obtained data. Bivariate analysis was performed to elaborate on relationships between grappling experience and the number of times choked, between the number of times choked with pre-syncope/syncope, and between the duration of symptoms and the number of times choked with pre-syncope/syncope. Results: Overall, 4421 individuals completed the survey. One hundred and fourteen were excluded, leaving 4307 analyzed respondents. Ninety-four percent were male, 89.2% were ages 18-44 years. Seventy-nine percent had >1 year of grappling experience and 30% had >5 years. Of the 4307, 1443 (33.5%) reported being choked >500 times, 3257 (75.7%) have been choked to near-syncope, and 1198 (27.8%) have been choked unconscious. Two of the 4307 (0.05%) reported ongoing symptoms from chokes. Of the respondents, 94.3% felt applying a choke would be a safe and effective way to control a street fight; 83.6% felt that vascular neck restraint, the police combative equivalent of sportive choking, would be appropriate as an alternative escalation of force option. Conclusion: Based on a convenience sample of 4307 respondents' self-reported data, sportive choking appears to be safe. Only 0.05% experienced ongoing symptoms, which were likely not related to brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Broc R Schindler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital , Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jesse J Corry
- Department of Neurology, United Hospital , Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Thomas R Menton
- Saint Paul Police Department, Training Unit , Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert C LeFevere
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital , Saint Paul, MN, USA
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