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Kong Y, Wang Z, Yu H, Dong A, Song Y, Guo L, Zhu J, Sun L, Guo Y. YiQi GuBen formula alleviates airway inflammation and airway remodeling in OVA-induced asthma mice through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae064. [PMID: 38824434 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to investigate the effect of YiQi GuBen formula (YQGB) on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model to further explore the potential mechanisms of YQGB in treating allergic asthma. METHODS Mice were divided into five groups randomly (n = 10): the control group, OVA group, OVA + Dex (0.1 mg/kg) group, OVA + low-dose (1.1 g/kg) YQGB group, and OVA + high-dose (2.2 g/kg) YQGB group. Inflammatory cell count and IgE were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissue histopathology was observed by using H&E, PAS, Masson, and immunohistochemistry staining. qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to analyze key genes and proteins associated with TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS In OVA-induced asthma mice, YQGB decreased eosinophils and IgE in BALF. YQGB alleviated the OVA-induced inflammatory infiltration and declined IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eotaxin, ECP, GM-CSF, LTC4, and LTD4. YQGB attenuated the OVA-induced goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion. YQGB mitigated the OVA-induced subepithelial fibrosis and lowered TGF-β1, E-Cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. YQGB ameliorated the OVA-induced airway smooth muscle thickening and lessened α-SMA and PDGF levels. YQGB reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, and p65 mRNAs, and IκBα and p-p65 protein levels were also reduced. CONCLUSION YQGB exhibits the anti-asthma effect by reducing airway inflammation and airway remodeling through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and is worth promoting clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibu Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Aiai Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongfu Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jinpu Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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2
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Lloyd SM, He Y. Exploring Extracellular Matrix Crosslinking as a Therapeutic Approach to Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:438. [PMID: 38474402 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissues and regulatory signals for resident cells. ECM requires a careful balance between protein accumulation and degradation for homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can lead to pathological processes such as fibrosis in organs across the body. Post-translational crosslinking modifications to ECM proteins such as collagens alter ECM structure and function. Dysregulation of crosslinking enzymes as well as changes in crosslinking composition are prevalent in fibrosis. Because of the crucial roles these ECM crosslinking pathways play in disease, the enzymes that govern crosslinking events are being explored as therapeutic targets for fibrosis. Here, we review in depth the molecular mechanisms underlying ECM crosslinking, how ECM crosslinking contributes to fibrosis, and the therapeutic strategies being explored to target ECM crosslinking in fibrosis to restore normal tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lloyd
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Yupeng He
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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3
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Zaltron E, Vianello F, Ruzza A, Palazzo A, Brillo V, Celotti I, Scavezzon M, Rossin F, Leanza L, Severin F. The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2797. [PMID: 38474044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed and well characterized member of the transglutaminase family. It is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme implicated in the regulation of several cellular pathways that support the survival, death, and general homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. Due to its multiple localizations both inside and outside the cell, TG2 participates in the regulation of many crucial intracellular signaling cascades in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, making this enzyme an important player in disease development and progression. Moreover, TG2 is capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment, a process of dynamic tissue remodeling and biomechanical events, resulting in changes which influence tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Even if generally related to the Ca2+-dependent post-translational modification of proteins, a number of different biological functions have been ascribed to TG2, like those of a peptide isomerase, protein kinase, guanine nucleotide binder, and cytosolic-nuclear translocator. With respect to cancer, TG2's role is controversial and highly debated; it has been described both as an anti- and pro-apoptotic factor and is linked to all the processes of tumorigenesis. However, numerous pieces of evidence support a tissue-specific role of TG2 so that it can assume both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessia Ruzza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberta Palazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Celotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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4
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Li M, Wang X, Chen X, Hong J, Du Y, Song D. GK921, a transglutaminase inhibitor, strengthens the antitumor effect of cisplatin on pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166925. [PMID: 38084873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), a common digestive malignant tumor, presents high mortality rates and limited treatment methods. Currently, chemotherapy remains the main therapy method for patients with PAAD. As a classical chemotherapy drug, cisplatin (DDP) is limited by dose-related toxicity in patients with PAAD. In this study, we demonstrated that TGM2 may be a treatment and prognosis marker in pancreatic cancer patients. Co-treatment of low dose of DDP and GK921, a transglutaminase (TGM2) inhibitor, is capable of synergistically inhibiting the PAAD cell viability and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Based on in vitro study, GK921 inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGM2 as well as aggravated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis resulted from DDP, making pancreatic cancer cells more sensible to DDP. Our results showed that GK921 increased the protein levels regarding E-cadherin as well as decreased the protein level regarding Snail2, N-cadherin, which indicated that GK921 inhibited EMT in pancreatic cancer cells. Snail2 overexpression inhibited GK921/DDP-induced cell apoptosis, as well as mitigated the GK921/DDP-caused cell death and the EMT inhibition. In vivo studies also found GK921/DDP combination can further inhibit the growth of PAAD without significantly side effects. To sum up, we showed that GK921 increased PAAD cells sensitivity to DDP via inhibiting EMT. As revealed, DDP/GK921 co-treatment could promisingly serve for treating PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuanzhong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinghui Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Spieth PM, Markov AG. Transcriptional Levels of Intercellular Junction Proteins in an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Irradiation or Bleomycin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:442-446. [PMID: 38488962 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the effects of X-ray irradiation and bleomycin on the mRNA levels of E-cadherin and tight junction proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-18, ZO-2, and occludin) in an alveolar epithelial cell line L2. Irradiation decreased claudin-4 levels and increased occludin levels, while the levels of other mRNAs remained unchanged. Bleomycin increased the expression levels of all proteins examined except claudin-3. Irradiation and bleomycin have different effects on the expression level of intercellular junction proteins, indicating different reactions triggered in alveolar epithelial cells and a great prospects of further comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Karetnikova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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6
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Yao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Tissue transglutaminase: a multifunctional and multisite regulator in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:281-325. [PMID: 37712623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular compartments. In addition to transamidation, TG2 also functions as a Gα signaling protein, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein kinase, and a scaffolding protein. In the nucleus, TG2 modifies histones and transcription factors. The PDI function catalyzes the trimerization and activation of heat shock factor-1 in the nucleus and regulates the oxidation state of several mitochondrial complexes. Cytosolic TG2 modifies proteins by the addition of serotonin or other primary amines and in this way affects cell signaling. Modification of protein-bound glutamines reduces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. At the cell membrane, TG2 is associated with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it functions in transmembrane signaling. TG2 is also found in the extracellular space, where it functions in protein cross-linking and extracellular matrix stabilization. Of particular importance in transglutaminase research are recent findings concerning the role of TG2 in gene expression, protein homeostasis, cell signaling, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. Thus, TG2 performs a multitude of functions in multiple cellular compartments, making it one of the most versatile cellular proteins. Additional evidence links TG2 with multiple human diseases including preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, organ fibrosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and celiac disease. In conclusion, TG2 provides a multifunctional and multisite response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Yao
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Washimkar KR, Tomar MS, Kulkarni C, Verma S, Shrivastava A, Chattopadhyay N, Mugale MN. Longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by evaluating TGF-β1/Smad2, Nrf2 signaling and metabolomic analysis in mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122064. [PMID: 37657527 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an increase in collagen synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix. Several factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog family proteins (Smad), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) trigger extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, fibroblast to myofibroblasts conversion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) leading to PF. However, the role of cellular defense mechanisms such as the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling during the onset and progression of PF is not understood completely. AIM The present study aims to analyze the involvement of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and Nrf2 in the EMT and metabolic alterations that promote fibrosis in a time-dependent manner using bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF model in C57BL/6 mice. KEY FINDINGS Histopathological studies revealed loss of lung architecture and increased collagen deposition in BLM-exposed mice. BLM upregulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling and α-SMA at all time-points. The gradual increase in the accumulation of α-SMA and collagen implied the progression of PF. BLM exposure raises Nrf2 throughout each specified time-point, which suggests that Nrf2 activation might be responsible for TGF-β1-induced EMT and the development of PF. Further, metabolomic studies linked the development of PF to alterations in metabolic pathways. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was consistently enriched across all the time-points. Additionally, alterations in 22 commonly enriched pathways, associated with fatty acid (FA) and amino acid metabolism were observed in 30- and 60-days. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidates the association of TGF-β1/Smad and Nrf2 signaling in the EMT and metabolic alterations associated with the etiology and progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Soltani F, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminases in fibrosis-overview and recent advances. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C885-C894. [PMID: 37642242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of protein cross-linking enzymes that are capable of stiffening and insolubilizing proteins and creating protein networks, and thereby altering biological functions of proteins. Their role in fibrosis progression has been widely investigated with a focus on kidney, lung, liver, and heart where activity is triggered by various stimuli including hypoxia, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. TG2 has been considered one of the key enzymes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis mainly through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling and matrix cross-linking mechanisms. Although TG2 has been most widely studied in this context, the involvement of other TGs, TG1 and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), is beginning to emerge. This mini-review highlights the major steps taken in the TG and fibrosis research and summarizes the most recent advances and contributions of TG2, TG1, and FXIII-A to the progression of fibrosis in various animal models. Also, their mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Shan M, Hao Y, Zhang L. Identification of a Diagnostic Signature and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Keloids. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:879461. [PMID: 35669563 PMCID: PMC9163372 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.879461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keloid disorder is a recurrent fibroproliferative cutaneous tumor. Due to the lack of early identification of keloid patients before the formation of keloids, it is impossible to carry out pre-traumatic intervention and prevention for these patients. This led us to identify and determine signatures with diagnostic significance for keloids. Methods: Public series of matrix files were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated from expression profiling data, and the diagnostic signature was identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The diagnostic efficacy of the screened signature was assessed by employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we calculated the proportion of different immune cells in the gene expression matrix microenvironment by the “ssGSEA” algorithm, and assessed the difference in immune cell abundance between keloids and control groups and the relationship between the signature and immune cell infiltration. Clinical keloid and normal skin tissues were collected, and the expression of the screened diagnostic signature was validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical assay. Results: By screening the key genes in PPI, TGM2 was recognized and validated as a diagnostic signature and the infiltrating abundance of 10 immune cells was significantly correlated with TGM2 expression. Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that TGM2 and molecules interacting with it were mainly enriched in processes involving wound healing and collagen fiber organization. TGM2 correlated positively with HIF-1A (R = 0.82, p-value = 1.4e-05), IL6 (R = 0.62, p-value = 0.0053), and FN1 (R = 0.66, p-value = 0.0019). Besides, TGM2 was significantly upregulated in clinical keloid samples compared to normal skin tissues. Conclusion: TGM2 may serve as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for keloids. However, the role of TGM2 in keloids has not been adequately reported in the current literature, which may provide a new direction for molecular studies of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Youbin Wang,
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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10
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Takeuchi T, Tatsukawa H, Shinoda Y, Kuwata K, Nishiga M, Takahashi H, Hase N, Hitomi K. Spatially Resolved Identification of Transglutaminase Substrates by Proteomics in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:319-330. [PMID: 34264172 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0012oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the invariably progressive deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs and overall poor prognosis. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme that crosslinks glutamine and lysine residues and is involved in IPF pathogenesis. Despite the accumulating evidence implicating TG2 as a critical enzyme, the causative function and direct target of TG2 relating to this pathogenesis remain unelucidated. Here, we clarified the distributions of TG2 protein/activity and conducted quantitative proteomics analyses of possible substrates crosslinked by TG2 on unfixed lung sections in a mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. We identified 126 possible substrates as markedly increased TG2-dependently in fibrotic lung. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these identified proteins were mostly enriched in the lipid metabolic process, immune system process, and protein transport. In addition, these proteins enriched in the 21 pathways including phagosome, lipid metabolism, several immune responses, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the network analyses screened out the 6 clusters and top 20 hub proteins with higher scores, which are related to ER stress and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signals. Several enriched pathways and categories were identified, and some of which were the same terms based on transcription analysis in IPF. Our results provide novel pathological molecular networks driven by protein crosslinking via TG2, which can lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishu Takeuchi
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yoshiki Shinoda
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Lei X, Cao K, Chen Y, Shen H, Liu Z, Qin H, Cai J, Gao F, Yang Y. Nuclear Transglutaminase 2 interacts with topoisomerase II⍺ to promote DNA damage repair in lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:224. [PMID: 34225780 PMCID: PMC8258933 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To block repairs of DNA damages, especially the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, can be used to induce cancer cell death. DSB repair depends on a sequential activation of DNA repair factors that may be potentially targeted for clinical cancer therapy. Up to now, many protein components of DSB repair complex remain unclear or poorly characterized. In this study, we discovered that Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) acted as a new component of DSB repair complex. METHODS A bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify DNA damage relative genes from dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to monitor the protein localization and recruitment kinetics. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to determine protein interaction of both full-length and fragments or mutants in distinct domain. In situ lung cancer model was used to study the effects cancer therapy in vivo. RESULTS After DSB induction, cytoplasmic TG2 was extensively mobilized and translocated into nucleus after phosphorylated at T162 site by DNA-PKcs. Nuclear TG2 quickly accumulated at DSB sites and directly interacting with Topoisomerase IIα (TOPOIIα) with its TGase domain to promote DSB repair. TG2 deficient cells lost capacity of DSB repair and become susceptible to ionizing radiation. Specific inhibition of TG2-TOPOIIα interaction by glucosamine also significantly inhibited DSB repair, which increased sensitivity in lung cancer cells and engrafted lung cancers. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate new mechanism of TG2 in DSB repair trough directly interacting with TOPOIIα, inhibition of which provided potential target for overcoming cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Nuclear Radiation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507, Zhengmin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China. .,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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12
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Li J, Jiang ZZ, Li YY, Tang WT, Yin J, Long XP. LncRNA CHRF promotes TGF-β1 induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells by inhibiting miR-146a up-regulating L1CAM expression. Exp Lung Res 2021; 47:198-209. [PMID: 33754922 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.1891354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of progressive lung fibrosis disease. The survival time of diagnosed IPF patients is often only 2 years. Currently much evidence showed that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is the main cause of the occurrence and development of IPF. LncRNA cardiac hypertrophy related factor (CHRF) was reported to be related with IPF development. Here we explored the functions and regulatory mechanisms of CHRF on EMT in IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for 48 h to construct IPF cell model. CHRF and miR-146a expression were quantified using qPCR. The expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and EMT related indicators (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug and N-cadherin) were detected by qPCR and western blot. Dual luciferase reporter experiment was conducted to prove the molecular interaction of miR-146a and L1CAM, as well as CHRF and miR-146a. RESULTS CHRF and L1CAM expression were significantly upregulated and promoted the EMT process in A549 after treatment of TGF-β1. MiR-146a was obviously down-regulated, and knockdown of CHRF inhibited the EMT process by up-regulating miR-146a, in A549 after treatment of TGF-β1. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-146a inhibited EMT process via targeting L1CAM. In addition, L1CAM overexpression eliminated the inhibitory effect of sh-CHRF on the EMT process. CONCLUSIONS These results provided evidence that CHRF promoted EMT process in A549 after treatment of TGF-β1, which proposed a new insight for depth understanding the pathological mechanisms of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- Graduate School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Emergency, Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Jiang
- Graduate School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Emergency, Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-You Li
- Graduate School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Tang
- Graduate School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Graduate School of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Long
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Deng Z, Fear MW, Suk Choi Y, Wood FM, Allahham A, Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM. The extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105802. [PMID: 32668329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by excessive scarring in the lung which leads to compromised lung function, serious breathing problems and in some diseases, death. It includes several lung disorders with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) the most common and most severe. Pulmonary fibrosis is considered to be perpetuated by aberrant wound healing which leads to fibroblast accumulation, differentiation and activation, and deposition of excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular, collagen. Recent studies have identified the importance of changes in the composition and structure of lung ECM during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the interaction between ECM and lung cells. There is strong evidence that increased matrix stiffness induces changes in cell function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and activation. Understanding how changes in the ECM microenvironment influence cell behaviour during fibrogenesis, and the mechanisms regulating these changes, will provide insight for developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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Metformin attenuates TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:287. [PMID: 32550106 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to confirm whether metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and subsequent TGF-β pathways. In vitro, MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay were performed to determine the effect of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell). Protein expression of TG2, Collagen I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined by western blot. To further confirm the relationship between TG2 and the anti-fibrotic effect of metformin, TG2 siRNA and TG2 overexpression plasmid were used to interfere the expression of TG2. A bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was employed to determine the in vivo inhibitory effect of metformin. The concentrations of TG2, both in supernatants of cells and serum of rats, were determined by ELISA assay. Our results showed that metformin concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells. The protein expressions of TG2, Col I and α-SMA stimulated by TGF-β1 were decreased after metformin intervention, which was confirmed in both siRNAs and plasmids treatment conditions. In vivo, metformin attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as demonstrated by H&E and Masson staining, as well as the protein expressions of Col I and α-SMA. Besides, phosphorylated SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD3, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were all significantly increased after bleomycin treatment and decreased to normal levels after metformin intervention. Taken together, our results demonstrated that metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least partly, through inhibition of TG2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways.
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