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Andreotti C, Kolbe M, Capon-Sieber V, Spahn D, Breckwoldt J. Kids Save Lives - The kids' and teachers' view: How school children and schoolteachers would alter a BLS course designed by specialists. Resusc Plus 2024; 19:100731. [PMID: 39188894 PMCID: PMC11345691 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Training schoolchildren in basic life support ('Kids-Save-Lives' training) is widely believed to improve outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Numerous programmes have been launched, but to our knowledge, neither children nor schoolteachers have been directly involved in designing these courses. This is unfortunate, as it is well-known that children (as the target goup of training) learn differently from adults. We therefore sought to explore the view of schoolchildren and their teachers on the design of a 'Kids-Save-Lives' course. Methods We designed a state-of-the-art, 90-min BLS training and delivered it to all 13 classes of a secondary community school (children aged 12-16). Directly after each training, we performed Video-Stimulated Recall (VSR) with 2 children and 2 schoolteachers. For VSR, we presented video sequences from defined sections of the training and related semi-structured questions to these sections. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Twenty-four children and 24 teachers participated in the VSR. The overall satisfaction with the training was very high. Participants especially appreciated the brief theoretical introduction using a video, the high practical involvement, and the final scenario. Children suggested the program could be improved by better linking the video to the children's world, increasing excitement and action, and limiting the group size in the final scenario. Teachers suggested incorporating more theoretical background, using terms and language more consistently, and better integrating the program into the school curriculum. Conclusions Although very satisfied with a state-of-the-art 'Kids-Save-Lives' training, children and teachers made important suggestions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Andreotti
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
| | - M. Kolbe
- Simulation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V. Capon-Sieber
- Institute of Education, Dept. for Research on Learning, Instruction, and Didactics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D.R. Spahn
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
| | - J. Breckwoldt
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
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Katapadi A, Lakkireddy A, Korlakunta S, Maganti L, Ghazal R, Mudr AM, Pham N, Bawa D, Ahmed A, Baratham A, Chelikam N, Darden D, Shan E, Garg J, Kabra R, Gopinathannair R, Atkins D, Biga C, Ellenbogen KA, Chung MK, Kovacs R, Lakkireddy D. A novel scoring system and correlative analysis of the strength and effectiveness of nationwide high school cardiopulmonary resuscitation mandates: Insights from a high school CPR study. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02916-3. [PMID: 39034017 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous states have introduced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training mandates for high school students and staff to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the content and implementation of these mandates vary substantially. Furthermore, a comprehensive and objective assessment of these mandates and their impact is lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a thorough evaluation of CPR training mandates across the United States. METHODS We developed a novel scoring system based on proposed CPR standards, training and certification requirements, and legislative action to assess current mandates. This was used to rate the CPR mandates across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Mandate scores were then compared with available real-world registry data as a surrogate for efficacy from 2018 to 2021. RESULTS State CPR mandate scores ranged from 0 to 47, with a higher score indicating more robust mandates. The median and mean scores were 24 (interquartile range, 19.5-27) and 21.52 ± 8.61, respectively, with 35 being the highest score. Intraobserver variability was 0.986 (95% CI, 0.944-1.028; P < .001). The year of implementation did not influence the strength of the score (R2 = -0.173; 95% CI, -0.447 to 0.131; P = .262). Correlation with SCD rate (R2 = -0.76; 95% CI, -0.492 to 0.367; P = .742), bystander-initiated CPR (R2 = -0.006; 95% CI, -0.437 to 0.427; P = .978), automated external defibrillator use (R2 = -0.125; 95% CI, -0.528 to 0.324; P = .590), and cardiovascular death rate (R2 = -0.13; 95% CI, -0.379 to 0.21; P = .355) failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Modest scoring consistency highlights the need for robust, standardized CPR requirements to potentially mitigate SCD. This study lays the groundwork for evidence-informed policy development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachad Ghazal
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | | | - Nicholas Pham
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Danish Bawa
- Division of Cardiology, HCA Midwest Health, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Adnan Ahmed
- Division of Cardiology, HCA Midwest Health, Overland Park, Kansas
| | | | | | - Douglas Darden
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Ehtesham Shan
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Jalaj Garg
- Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California
| | - Rajesh Kabra
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | | | - Donita Atkins
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas
| | - Cathie Biga
- Cardiovascular Management of Illinois, Darien, Illinois
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Dumcke R, Wegner C, Wingen S, Rahe-Meyer N. Facilitators and Barriers Perceived by German Teachers Considering Basic Life Support Education in School-A Qualitative Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1769-1785. [PMID: 38921083 PMCID: PMC11202837 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aims to analyse the personal qualification, attitudes and the pedagogical concepts of German teachers as experts in their profession regarding basic life support (BLS) education in secondary schools. Thirteen (n = 13) secondary school teachers participated in semi-structured expert interviews and were interviewed for at least 20 to 60 min regarding BLS student education. Interviews were semi-structured with guiding questions addressing (1) personal experience, (2) teacher qualification for BLS and (3) implementation factors (e.g., personal, material and organisational). Audio-recorded interviews were analysed by content analysis, generating a coding system. School teachers provided a heterogeneous view on implementation-related processes in BLS education. Many teachers were educated in first aid, acknowledge its importance, but had no experience in teaching BLS. They want to assure being competent for teaching BLS and need tailored trainings, materials, pedagogical information and the incorporation into the curriculum. Also, the management of time constraints, unwilling colleagues, or young students being overwhelmed were commonly mentioned considerations. Concluding, teachers reported to be willing to teach BLS but a stepwise implementation framework incorporating practice-oriented qualification and educational goals is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Dumcke
- Faculty of Biology/Biology Didcactics (OZHB), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Claas Wegner
- Faculty of Biology/Biology Didcactics (OZHB), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Sabine Wingen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- German Resuscitation Council, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, 50678 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Rahe-Meyer
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Spartinou A, Karageorgos V, Sorokos K, Darivianaki P, Petrakis EC, Papapanagiotou M, Fraidakis O, Nyktari V, Papaioannou A. Effects of peer-education training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skill retention of secondary school students: a feasibility study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075961. [PMID: 38858144 PMCID: PMC11168120 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training dissemination in the community could be resolved by mass school training programmes. However, the availability of instructors remains an unsolved problem. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of three different instructor types: healthcare professionals, schoolteachers and peer students, on CPR skills retention of secondary school students 6 months after training. DESIGN The study was designed as a prospective randomised single-blinded controlled trial. The study ended before reaching the target sample size for the schoolteacher arm. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Students from three different secondary schools in Heraklion, Greece, were recruited to attend CPR training. INTERVENTIONS All participants received a manual and a digital video disc demonstrating the CPR/automated external defibrillator (AED) algorithm, followed by hands-on training. They were randomly assigned to receive training by either healthcare professionals, schoolteachers or peer students, who had previously been trained appropriately. OUTCOME MEASURES CPR knowledge and skill retention were evaluated immediately (secondary outcome) and 6 months after training (primary outcome), using a knowledge questionnaire, skill checklists and feedback device. RESULTS 408 students (199 girls - two non-binary) were enrolled in the study with a median age of 13 (IQR 12-14) years. A total of 255 students (125 girls) were reassessed at 6 months. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding factual knowledge immediately after training (p=0.226) and at 6 months (p=0.867). Immediately after training, more students trained by healthcare professionals or teachers performed safe defibrillation (p<0.000); however, this finding was dissipated at 6-month reassessment (p=0.202). Compliance with the CPR algorithm and the quality of hands-only CPR were not different (p>0.05) among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The type of instructor did not affect the CPR knowledge and skill retention of students 6 months after training. Schoolchildren acting as peer instructors could be an effective alternative to healthcare professionals and schoolteachers, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Othon Fraidakis
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileia Nyktari
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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Schroeder DC, Finke SR, Grübl T, Jänig CW, Böttiger BW. Education of schoolchildren in cardiopulmonary resuscitation - overview of the current literature. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:616-620. [PMID: 37861212 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be learned and adequately replicated by schoolchildren. Regular instruction of schoolchildren in CPR is therefore a core element to increase low bystander CPR rates. Thereby, schoolchildren CPR training evolved as own scientific field within the last decade. Aim was to describe current evidence in terms of epidemiology, teaching approaches and political aspects. RECENT FINDINGS Schoolchildren demonstrate a high motivation to be trained in CPR. Teaching approaches that combine theoretical and practical learning sessions guarantee a sustainable learning effect. Schoolchildren can adequately perform chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth ventilation from the age of 12 years. Use of digital media is a highly promising teaching approach. CPR training conducted by teachers from the own school is effective and guarantees continuous development of CPR skills. Integration of schoolchildren CPR training into school curricula is the foundation for a sustainable increase of lay resuscitation rates in the population. Scientific and political promotion of schoolchildren CPR training is needed to sensitize the population and move bystander CPR in the social focus. SUMMARY While bystander CPR rates are low in Europe comprehensive establishment of schoolchildren CPR training may sustainably increase survival after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Schroeder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Simon-Richard Finke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne
| | - Tobias Grübl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christoph W Jänig
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne
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Alwidyan MT, Alkhatib ZI, Alrawashdeh A, Oteir AO, Khasawneh EA, Alqudah Z, Albataineh SA, Abukheat Y. Knowledge and willingness of schoolteachers in Jordan to perform CPR: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073080. [PMID: 37553198 PMCID: PMC10414105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge and willingness of schoolteachers in Jordan. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online questionnaire. SETTING For inclusion in this study, schoolteachers must be currently teaching at any level in schools across the country. Responses were collected from 1 April 2021 to 30 April 2021. PARTICIPANTS All schoolteachers actively working in public or private schools were included in our study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Continuous variables were summarised as means and SD, whereas categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages (%). A χ2 test for independence, independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance were used appropriately. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 385 questionnaires were eligible for analyses. Only 14.5% of the participants received CPR training and overall correct knowledge answers were 18.8% of the total score. Those participants with previous CPR training had higher mean knowledge scores (2.34 vs 1.15, p<0.001). Trained participants were also more likely to provide hands-only CPR to various patient groups than untrained participants (p<0.05). Participants were more willing to provide standard CPR to family members than hands-only CPR (p<0.001), but more willing to provide hands-only CPR to friends (p<0.001), students (75.1% vs 58.2%, p<0.001), neighbour (p<0.001), stranger (p=0.001) and patient from the opposite gender (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Schoolteachers in Jordan possess limited knowledge of CPR. However, the study participants showed a positive attitude towards performing CPR. The study revealed that they were more inclined to provide hands-only CPR than standard CPR. Policymakers and public health officials can take advantage of these findings to incorporate CPR training programmes for schoolteachers, either as a part of their undergraduate studies or as continuing education programmes with an emphasis on hands-only CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud T Alwidyan
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaid I Alkhatib
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alrawashdeh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa O Oteir
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eihab A Khasawneh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zainab Alqudah
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suha A Albataineh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yamen Abukheat
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Schroeder DC, Semeraro F, Greif R, Bray J, Morley P, Parr M, Kondo Nakagawa N, Iwami T, Finke SR, Malta Hansen C, Lockey A, Del Rios M, Bhanji F, Sasson C, Schexnayder SM, Scquizzato T, Wetsch WA, Böttiger BW. Temporarily Removed. Resuscitation 2023:109772. [PMID: 37190748 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren. METHODS After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Systematic reviews and controlled and uncontrolled prospective and retrospective studies containing data on students <20 years of age were included. RESULTS Schoolchildren are highly motivated to learn basic life support. The CHECK-CALL-COMPRESS algorithm is recommended for all schoolchildren. Regular training in basic life support regardless of age consolidates long-term skills. Young children from 4 years of age are able to assess the first links in the chain of survival. By 10 to 12 years of age, effective chest compression depths and ventilation volumes can be achieved on training manikins. A combination of theoretical and practical training is recommended. Schoolteachers serve as effective basic life support instructors. Schoolchildren also serve as multipliers by passing on basic life support skills to others. The use of age-appropriate social media tools for teaching is a promising approach for schoolchildren of all ages. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren basic life support training has the potential to educate whole generations to respond to cardiac arrest and to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Comprehensive legislation, curricula, and scientific assessment are crucial to further develop the education of schoolchildren in basic life support.
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Shaukat N, Ali DM, Jaffer M, Jarrar Z, Ashraf N, Hassan S, Daudpota AA, Qadir MA, Khowaja AH, Razzak J. Lifesaving skills training in schools - A qualitative study to explore students, teachers, and parent's perceived opportunities and challenges. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:400. [PMID: 36849931 PMCID: PMC9970688 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the perception of teachers, parents and students' regarding implementation of a school-based lifesaving skills program and help predict potential barriers and solutions. METHODS This qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020- to October 2021. We included students, teachers, and parents of secondary (grades VIII, IX, and X) and higher secondary level students (grades XI and XII) in Karachi, Pakistan's public and private schools and colleges. We selected one public, two semi-private, and two private schools. We recruited students, teachers, and parents through convenience sampling. We conducted fifteen focus group discussions (FGDs) with the students, six FGDs with the teachers, and eighteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) with parents. We transcribed the data from audio recordings and translated it into the English language. Finally, we manually analyzed the data using thematic analyses. RESULTS This study found that bystanders' main barriers to performing lifesaving skills are lack of knowledge, fear of legal involvement, fear of hurting the patient by incorrect technique, lack of empathy among community stakeholders, and gender bias. However, the participants had a positive and supportive attitude toward implementing lifesaving skills training in schools. They suggested starting student training in the early teenage years, preferred medical staff as trainers, and suggested frequent small sessions in English/Urdu both or Urdu language and training via theory and practical hands-on drills. Furthermore, the training was proposed to be integrated into the school curriculum to make it sustainable. Finally, the government needs to support the program and make the legal environment more conducive for bystanders. CONCLUSION This study identified the significant barriers to performing lifesaving skills in an emergency in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). The participants supported implementing a national lifesaving skills program in schools and colleges. However, the participants expressed that support is needed by the government for sustainability, integrating lifesaving skills into the school curriculum, providing legal support to the bystanders, and creating awareness among the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Shaukat
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Daniyal Mansoor Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mehtab Jaffer
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zeerak Jarrar
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Naela Ashraf
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sheza Hassan
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Junaid Razzak
- Centre of Excellence for Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box-3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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HRUŠKOVÁ MARTINA, SHONOVÁ KRISTÝNA, ONDŘICHOVÁ LADISLAVA, ČERMÁKOVÁ ALENA. FIRST AID IN EDUCATION. 12 2022. [DOI: 10.33543/12026570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This article aimed to analyse, through a questionnaire, teachers’ knowledge and opinions regarding basic first aid. Teachers (N=382) from South Bohemia (municipalities with different populations and, with regard to the gender ratio in staff, mostly women) filled out questionnaires between 2017 and 2020. They also mentioned changes in pupils’ health conditions, and these data were compared with anonymized statistical data of the Emergency Medical Service in the same region of the Czech Republic (6% of the Czech Republic’s population, data from August 2018 to June 2019). One third to half of all teachers stated that some health crisis required first aid at school and/or outside school. Teachers caring for older children and adolescents report a lower incidence of cases than pre-primary teachers. Through the questionnaire survey we found (a) significant differences in the mean values of knowledge of first aid in total between all subgroups of teachers (p≤0.05) and (b) in the level of knowledge of first aid for traumas and acute conditions of chronic diseases (p≤0.05; in favour of the non-traumatic acute conditions). But overall, the level of knowledge was insufficient (mean values between 69 % in pre-primary and 84 % in elementary-school teachers in a standard first-aid test). Results show the importance of the inclusion of first aid in the training of teachers in pre-primary, primary, and lower and higher secondary schools. A majority of teachers feel it would be appropriate to provide training in first aid in both traumatic and non-traumatic acute conditions once every two years, predominantly using simulations.
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Alhasan D, Fakhraldeen M, Alqabandi S, Alajmi M. High School Student CPR Training in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study of Teacher Perspectives, Willingness, and Perceived Barriers. Open Access Emerg Med 2022; 14:639-648. [DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s382744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Pivač S, Gradišek P, Skela-Savič B. Basic Resuscitation Training for Third-Cycle Primary School Students: A Qualitative Research of Training Providers' Experiences. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221127134. [PMID: 36196972 PMCID: PMC9537491 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our research was to identify the experiences, obstacles, and self-reflective opinions regarding the qualifications of the training providers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to third-cycle primary school students. The effectiveness and success of a training program in basic resuscitation procedures depend on the qualifications and knowledge of the training provider and the type of didactic materials used. The qualitative method was used with 3 non-homogenous focus groups. Training providers (n = 8) from primary health care participated. The selected text was analyzed using a thematic analysis. The focus groups were organized after the training conducted on basic resuscitation procedures to third-cycle primary school students in September and October 2018. Prior to conducting the research we gained approval by the Medical Ethics Committee. Twenty-five codes, 11 categories and 3 themes were designed: Obstacles that are present in conducting training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the effects of training on primary school students and the development of components of prosocial behavior, and systemic responsibility for the qualifications and knowledge of training providers. The research has found that training providers must have the skills and knowledge to motivate the participants of training sessions and encourage them to gain knowledge and skills on resuscitation. They should be familiar with various methods and forms of learning and use relevant teaching materials, so that they can conduct training sessions effectively. Activities are needed to implement minimal criteria for conducting training on resuscitation such as appropriately qualified providers that should follow the European Resuscitation Guidelines, an appropriate pedagogical approach employed by the providers, appropriate equipment and tools, content adjusted to the age of the primary school students, conducting training in small groups, revision of knowledge for training providers and primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Pivač
- Angela Boškin Faculty of Health
Care, Jesenice, Slovenia,Sanela Pivač, Angela Boškin Faculty
of Health Care, Slovenia, Spodnji Plavž 3, Jesenice, SI-4270,
Slovenia.
| | - Primož Gradišek
- University Medical Center
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Study on the Attitudes and Knowledge of Teachers and Future Teachers about Immediate Health Care Measures at School. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:854-869. [PMID: 35877462 PMCID: PMC9324608 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12070062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The level and need for immediate health care measures training for teachers are of growing concern for two main reasons: on the one hand, these contents are part of the school curriculum and, on the other hand, teachers are the first adults to intervene in case of school injury. However, in Spain, first aid (FA) does not appear as obligatory content in the university training of teachers. The aim of the present study was to design and validate a questionnaire on the attitude of pre-school and primary school teachers towards first aid knowledge adapted to the school context and to analyze its psychometric properties. First of all, the psychometric values of the questionnaire were tested: through its validation and reliability. Subsequently, a correlation study was carried out as well as a logistic regression in order to know the knowledge and attitudes of teachers and future teachers about the importance of the Immediate Attention Measures at school. The sample consisted of 392 participants: active teachers (71%) and future teachers (29%, the latter being final year students) of the infant and primary stages from the northern, central and southern areas of Spain. The results show adequate psychometric values, establishing three factors: attitude towards general knowledge in FA and learning methodology; attitude towards wounds and CPR algorithm (most frequent and/or serious events); self-perception of knowledge or skill in FA. Pearson’s correlation test identified significant values (p < 0.01) and positive association between Factors 1 and 2 (r = 0.422) and between 1 and 3 (0.244). The conclusions of the results of the validation process of the questionnaire on the attitude of teachers and future teachers to knowledge for immediate health care measures training are valid and reliable to an acceptable degree. Regression study demonstrates the importance of including first aid training in teachers’ degrees.
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GUN C, ALDİNC H. Knowledge and attitudes toward basic life support: survey among school teachers. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: It is known that in cases of cardiac arrest, the chance of survival rates increases by 2-3 times with the bystander basic life support (BLS). Considering that children who spend a significant part of the day apart from their families at school have their teachers with them, it is understood how important the BLS knowledge and skills of teachers are. In our study, we analyzed the knowledge of primary, secondary and high school teachers about BLS and their thoughts about this training.
Material and Method: The study was conducted by face-to-face interview with 200 primary/secondary school and high school teachers working in Istanbul in 2019. The teachers participating in the study were evaluated with questionnaires related to their demographic characteristics, their level of knowledge about BLS and their thoughts about BLS training. Correct answers and “yes” answers were calculated with 1 point, incorrect answers and “no” answers were calculated with 0 points.
Results: In the BLS information levels survey of female participants, it was found that they scored statistically lower for questions “Do you know emergency medical service number?” and “Emergency medical service call-up in critical condition” (p˂0.05). Again, female participants had a lower score in the answers to all questions in the BLS application/education request questionnaire according to their gender (p˂0.05). Participants who had previously received BLS training were found to score higher on certain questions in BLS knowledge levels and BLS application/training request questionnaires.
Conclusion: In the study, it was found that primary/secondary and high school teachers lack the available BLS information. It was determined that people who have been trained in this subject are more willing to BLS training and applications than people who have not been trained in BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem GUN
- ACIBADEM UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
| | - Hasan ALDİNC
- ACIBADEM MEHMET ALI AYDINLAR UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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The effect of peer - education in high school CPR/AED training program on students' self-efficacy: an interventional randomized control trial. Eur J Emerg Med 2022; 29:70-72. [PMID: 34932030 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Facilitators and barriers for the implementation of resuscitation training programmes for schoolchildren: A systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 39:711-719. [PMID: 34860715 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training schoolchildren in resuscitation seems to improve rates of resuscitation by bystanders. Leading medical societies recommend comprehensive resuscitation education in schools. To date, no widespread implementation within the European Union has happened. OBJECTIVE The study aim was to identify facilitators and barriers for the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren within the European Union. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES A literature search in PubMed was conducted between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2020 in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search terms 'resuscitation', 'children' and 'Europe' were combined with the Boolean Operator 'AND' and 'OR'. Medical subject heading terms were used in order to include relevant articles. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles were included if cardiopulmonary resuscitation training specifically tailored for schoolchildren aged 12 to 18 years was considered in countries of the European Union. Articles that fulfilled the following criteria were excluded: duplicates, training methods only for specific patient groups, articles not accessible in the English language, and articles that did not include original data. Findings were structured by an evidence-based six-level approach to examine barriers and facilitators in healthcare. RESULTS Thirty out of 2005 articles were identified. Large variations in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training approaches ranging from conventional to innovative training methods can be observed. Schoolteachers as resuscitation instructors act either as barrier or facilitator depending on their personal attitude and their exposure to training in resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schoolchildren is effective. The uncoordinated interplay between the generally motivated schools and the political orientation towards resuscitation training for schoolchildren serve as barrier. The lack of financial support, absent systematic organisation and standardisation of training create major barriers. CONCLUSION Training schoolchildren in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is effective. More financial support and political guidance is needed. Until then, local initiatives, motivated teachers, and dedicated principles combined with innovative and low-cost training methods facilitate cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schools.
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KIDS SAVE LIVES in schools: cross-sectional survey of schoolteachers. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2213-2221. [PMID: 33683463 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-03971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Training schoolchildren in basic life support (BLS) is strongly recommended to effectively increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates. Paediatricians and other health staff members used to be involved in BLS training, but the wide dissemination of BLS skills would need additional support; as a solution, schoolteachers might have enough knowledge necessary to help to achieve this goal. The aim of this cross-sectional survey study, which involved 3423 schoolteachers, was to evaluate the knowledge related to first aid (FA) and BLS of schoolteachers in Spain. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the content taught to the schoolchildren regarding FA and teachers' attitudes towards teaching FA. Three-quarters of the surveyed schoolteachers reported knowing FA, and 17% reported teaching it. The emergency medical telephone number and CPR were the subjects taught most often by schoolteachers. However, the schoolteachers demonstrated a lack of knowledge in the identification of cardiac arrest and in CPR. Ninety-eight percent of the respondents agreed with including FA training in schools and as part of university degree programmes and supported the KIDS SAVE LIVES statement. Teaching FA was a positive predictor to be willing to perform CPR (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 1.32-2.31) and to use a defibrillator (OR: 1.4; 95% CI 1.10-1.67).Conclusions: Schoolteachers are willing to teach FA in schools. However, more training and specific curricula are needed to increase the quality of schoolchildren's CPR training. The training of schoolteachers in CPR might be the foundation for the sustainable transfer of CPR-related knowledge to schoolchildren. Therefore, the inclusion of FA and BLS in university degree programmes seems to be essential. What is Known: • Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates are associated with improved survival rates. • Resuscitation training in schools increases the bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate. What is New: • Schoolteachers are willing to teach basic life support, but they need more and better training. • Schoolteachers agreed with the inclusion of first aid training in schools and university degree programmes aimed at training teachers/undergraduate teaching degrees.
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Teaching First Aid to Prospective Teachers as a Way to Promote Child Healthcare. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040367. [PMID: 33806034 PMCID: PMC8064469 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to analyze, through a qualitative study (i.e., semi-structured interview), the opinions and knowledge of fourth-year future teachers at a Spanish public university (University of Granada) regarding training and the need for first aid (FA) at school. With a sample of 70 subjects in their last year of training, our conclusion is that although they are aware of the importance of first aid for their professional development, there is no such training in their careers, and thus they have great difficulty understanding how to react to emergency situations on the job.
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Effects of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Automated External Defibrillator Training among Schoolchildren in Slovenia: A Pre- and Post-test Cohort Study. Zdr Varst 2021; 60:131-137. [PMID: 33822836 PMCID: PMC8015652 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A low proportion of bystanders in Slovenia are willing to provide resuscitation to people experiencing cardiac arrest. We measured knowledge acquired after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among Slovenian children in the final three grades of primary school. Methods This pre- and post-test cohort study included 566 schoolchildren aged 12-15 years. From April to May 2018, we administered a 15-item questionnaire to children in 15 primary schools, to assess the effects of theoretical and practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on their knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 1-2 months after training. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results A significantly greater level of post-training knowledge was noted in all three equally sized school grade groups (p=0.001). The youngest group (mean age 12.5 years) exhibited the greatest increase in knowledge, with test scores increasing by an average 2.65 (range 0-15) points. Age (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.037), female sex (p=0.006), and previous resuscitation training (p=0.024) were significant independent predictors of pre-training knowledge level. Sex was the only predictor significantly influencing knowledge levels after training (p=0.002); girls scored up to 0.7 points higher than boys, both before and after training. Conclusions Among Slovenian schoolchildren aged 12-15 years, a significantly improved level of theoretical knowledge was demonstrated after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. The introduction of cardiopulmonary training may be most effective in children aged 12.5 years (seventh graders). Early, compulsory resuscitation training might reduce social barriers to performing resuscitation, which may eventually translate into better post-cardiac arrest outcomes.
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[Evaluation of the project for the introduction of bystander resuscitation in schools in North Rhine-Westphalia]. Anaesthesist 2020; 70:383-391. [PMID: 33244640 PMCID: PMC8099835 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching of resuscitation measures is not mandatory in all schools in Germany. It is currently limited to individual, partly mandatory projects despite a low bystander resuscitation rate. For this reason, the Ministry for Schools and Education of North Rhine-Westphalia initiated the project "Bystander resuscitation at schools in NRW" in March 2017. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate this project. MATERIAL AND METHODS All secondary schools in North Rhine-Westphalia were invited to participate in the project. Medical partners from each administrative district took part, who carried out resuscitation training with existing concepts for teacher or student training. After a 3-year period, the evaluation was carried out using standardized questionnaires for school headmasters, teachers and students. RESULTS In total, more than 40,000 pupils from 249 schools in NRW could be trained in resuscitation within the project with 6 different concepts. Of the students 85% answered the questions regarding resuscitation correctly and overall felt safe in resuscitation measures. The one-off investment requirement for all schools is roughly 4-6.5 million € and around 340,000 € in each budget year. CONCLUSION A legal constitution and funding are necessary for a nationwide introduction of resuscitation in schools. All established concepts are effective, therefore each school can use them exactly according to their needs, optimally in a stepped form. Training for teachers should focus on resuscitation.
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Yim VWC, Ip CML, Siu AYC, Leung LY, Hung KKC, Graham CA, Song PP, Walline JH. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in secondary education: A prospective cross-sectional survey of 110 Hong Kong secondary schools. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907920971159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hong Kong rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation are very low by international standards. Several Hong Kong secondary schools have begun incorporating cardiopulmonary resuscitation training into their curriculums for teachers and students. Objective: This study aimed to explore secondary school cardiopulmonary resuscitation programs and better understand school principals’ attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to all Hong Kong secondary school principals (public and private, except for special education schools) between December 2017 and March 2018. A self-administered questionnaire of 20 items focusing on school characteristics, details of any in-school cardiopulmonary resuscitation materials or training, attitudes toward teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and any barriers or ways to promote school cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was given to all school principals in the territory. This study was approved by the Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong on September 13, 2017. Results: Out of the 506 schools contacted, 110 completed surveys were returned (21.7%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was offered in 33.6% (37/110), while 92.7% (102/110) had an automatic external defibrillator. A majority (69.1% (76/110)) agreed or strongly agreed that cardiopulmonary resuscitation training should be compulsory for secondary school students. In schools where cardiopulmonary resuscitation was taught, most cardiopulmonary resuscitation students were aged 15–17 years, and most courses ran for < 5 h. Increased funding could encourage more schools to offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation training to students in the future. Conclusion: One-third (33.6%) of Hong Kong secondary schools offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Increased funding may support school-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction and improve rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wan Cheong Yim
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Crystal Ming-Lai Ip
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Axel Yuet Chung Siu
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Yan Leung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Kei Ching Hung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Colin Alexander Graham
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Priscilla P Song
- Centre for the Humanities and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Harold Walline
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Alhejaili AS, Alghamdi RA, Al-Dubai SAR. Knowledge and attitude of basic life support skills among female school teacher in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2281-2285. [PMID: 32754488 PMCID: PMC7380791 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_320_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Basic life support (BLS) is the care provided by first responders in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest in order to save someone's life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of BLS skills among female school teachers in Al-Madinah. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 female teachers in 24 governmental school Al-Madinah city in 2019 by using a self-administrated questionnaire. T-test and ANOVA test were used to compare mean knowledge scale across variables. RESULTS The majority aged 41-50 years (46%). Only 30.5% had completed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and 73.9% had trained more than 2 years ago. Most of them (94.7%) wanted more training in CPR. The main reason to attend CPR training was to avoid unnecessary death (48.7%). The mean knowledge scale was (5.63 ± 1.49). There was a significant difference in the knowledge score between those who had observed CPR and those who had not observed CPR (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION The knowledge and skills of BLS were low among female school teachers. Teachers' attitude toward CPR training was positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal S. Alhejaili
- Joint Program of Family Medicine Postgraduate Studies, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh A. Alghamdi
- Joint Program of Family Medicine Postgraduate Studies, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. R. Al-Dubai
- Joint Program of Family Medicine Postgraduate Studies, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Post Graduate Studies, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Abelairas-Gómez C, Carballo-Fazanes A, Martínez-Isasi S, López-García S, Rico-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Knowledge and attitudes on first aid and basic life support of pre- and elementary school teachers and parents. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Tanaka S, Hara T, Tsukigase K, Sagisaka R, Myklebust H, Birkenes TS, Takyu H, Kidokoro Y, Tanaka H. A pilot study of Practice While Watch based 50 min school quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation classroom training: a cluster randomized control trial. Acute Med Surg 2020; 7:e455. [PMID: 31988767 PMCID: PMC6971470 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in schools can increase the rate of bystander CPR. We assessed whether a "Quality CPR (QCPR) Classroom" can support CPR performance by students trained by a teacher who is not a CPR instructor. Methods A cluster randomized trial was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a 50-min Practice While Watch CPR training program enhanced by QCPR Classroom, which used 42 manikins connected by Bluetooth to real-time feedback monitoring. Fifty-seven students were divided into Group 1, taught by a non-CPR-instructor, and Group 2, taught by a CPR instructor. Psychomotor and cognitive tests were administered before and after training. Primary outcomes were post-training compression depth and rate and percent of improvement in adequate depth, recoil, and overall score. The secondary outcome was risk improvement. Results Post-training, Group 1 achieved 62.1 ± 7.7 mm and 118.0 ± 3.6 compressions/min whereas Group 2 achieved 57.4 ± 9.8 mm and 119.8 ± 5.4 compressions/min. The overall score improvement in percentage points was 36.4 ± 25.9% and 27.0 ± 27.7%, respectively (P ≤ 0.001 for both). The adequate depth improvement in percentage points was 22.4 ± 35.4% and 32.5 ± 40.0%, respectively (P = 0.33). Teaching by a non-CPR instructor improved student cognitive knowledge. Conclusions Using a QCPR Classroom to enhance CPR teaching by a non-CPR-instructor results in similar or better outcomes compared to using a CPR instructor. Use of a Practice While Watch QCPR Classroom will provide adequate quality in preparing students for CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Hara
- Graduate School of EMS System Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukigase
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryo Sagisaka
- Graduate School of EMS System Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Takyu
- Graduate School of EMS System Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaro Kidokoro
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan.,Graduate School of EMS System Kokushikan University Tokyo Japan
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Süss-Havemann C, Kosan J, Seibold T, Dibbern NM, Daubmann A, Kubitz JC, Beck S. Implementation of Basic Life Support training in schools: a randomised controlled trial evaluating self-regulated learning as alternative training concept. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:50. [PMID: 31931770 PMCID: PMC6958621 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Kids save lives statement recommends annual Basic Life Support (BLS) training for school children but the implementation is challenging. Trainings should be easy to realise and every BLS training should be as effective as possible to prepare learners for lifesaving actions. Preparedness implies skills and positive beliefs in the own capability (high self-efficacy). Methods This randomized controlled cluster study investigates, if self-regulated learning promotes self-efficacy and long-term retention of practical BLS skills. Students in the age of 12 years participated in a practical training in BLS and a scenario testing of skills. In the control group the practical training was instructor-led. In the intervention group the students self-regulated their learning processes and feedback was provided by the peer-group. The primary outcome self-efficacy for helping in cardiac arrest after the training and 9 months later was analysed using a multilevel mixed model. Means and pass-rates for BLS skills were secondary outcomes. Results Contrary to the assumptions, this study could not measure a higher self-efficacy for helping in cardiac arrest of the students participating in the intervention (n = 307 students) compared to the control group (n = 293 students) after training and at the follow-up (mean difference: 0.11 points, 95% CI: − 0.26 to 0.04, P = 0.135). The odds to pass all items of the BLS exam was not significantly different between the groups (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.52, p = 0.533). Self-regulated learning was associated with a higher performance of male students in the BLS exam (mean score: 7.35) compared to females of the intervention (female: 7.05) and compared to males of the control (7.06). Conclusion This study could not resolve the question, if self-regulated learning in peer-groups improves self-efficacy for helping in cardiac arrest. Self-regulated learning is an effective alternative to instructor-led training in BLS skills training and may be feasible to realise for lay-persons. For male students self-regulated learning seems to be beneficial to support long-term retention of skills. Trial registration ISRCTN17334920, retrospectively registered 07.03.2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Süss-Havemann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini-Str. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Kosan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini-Str. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seibold
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensiv Care and Pain Management, Kath. Marienkrankenhaus, Alfredstraße 9, 22087, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Martin Dibbern
- Specialist Center for Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Schoen Clinic Hamburg Eilbek, Dehnhaide 120, 22081, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini-Str. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christian Kubitz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini-Str. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini-Str. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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[Knowledge and attitudes on first aid and basic life support of Primary and Preschool teachers and parents]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 92:268-276. [PMID: 31870834 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of first aid (FA) of primary and pre-school teachers and the parents of children in these education stages. METHODS A questionnaire already used in previous publications was employed and consisted of 4 sections: 1) general information; 2) assessment of FA knowledge; 3) questions about FA, and 4) attitudes about FA. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail in Google Forms format to different education centres of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The centres were asked to send them to the school staff and parents of the pupils so that they could be completed. RESULTS A total of 470 questionnaires were analysed (177 teachers; 242 parents and 51 teachers with children). More than half (268, 57%) of the participants stated to have knowledge of FA. In the case of the teachers, a relationship was found between having this information and teaching these contained in the classroom (P=.008). Only 4 participants managed to arrange the basic life support sequence, and none of them correctly answered the questions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. More than 95% of the sample considered it necessary to include FA in the school curriculum and in the study plans of degrees destined for teacher training. CONCLUSIONS The majority of teachers and parents had training in FA, although none of them responded correctly to the questions related to basic life support. The inclusion of these contents in school curricula would be recommendable, but it requires training the teaching staff beforehand. The inclusion of these contents in university study plans should be a measure to take into account.
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Knowledge and attitude on cardiopulmonary resuscitaton education of primary and secondary schoolteachers in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1244-1246. [PMID: 31140994 PMCID: PMC6511412 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Evaluating barriers to community CPR education. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 38:603-609. [PMID: 31866250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to better understand the preferences of the general public regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education as it relates to both format and the time and place of delivery. METHODS Survey data were collected from a convenience sample at large public gatherings in Baltimore, Maryland, between May 23, 2015, and February 11, 2017. The survey was a 23-item single-page instrument administered at fairs and festivals. RESULTS A total of 516 surveys were available for analysis. Twenty-four percent of the total population reported being very confident in performing CPR (scoring 8 to 10 on a Likert scale). Thirty-two percent of respondents who had previously taken a CPR class reported being very confident in performing CPR. A stepwise decline in reported confidence in performing CPR was observed as the time from last CPR class increased. Among all respondents the most favored instruction style was an instructor-led class. Least favorable was a local learning station at an event. The most favored location for instruction were libraries, while community festivals were least favored. CONCLUSION Respondent preferences regarding the location and style of the training differed little between socioeconomic groups. Instructor-led instruction at local libraries was the most preferred option. CPR education offered at local learning stations during events and at community festivals were least favored among respondents. This study's findings can be used to more effectively structure CPR outreach and educational programs in an attempt to increase rates of bystander CPR.
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De Smedt L, Depuydt C, Vekeman E, De Paepe P, Monsieurs KG, Valcke M, Mpotos N. Awareness and willingness to perform CPR: a survey amongst Flemish schoolchildren, teachers and principals. Acta Clin Belg 2019; 74:297-316. [PMID: 29874976 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1482087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Training children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the strategies to increase bystander CPR in society. Reinforcing knowledge and awareness and increasing willingness to perform bystander CPR contributes to a better outcome after cardiac arrest. We questioned schoolchildren, teachers and principals about their awareness of the importance of CPR and about their willingness to perform CPR. METHODS During a four-month period, Flemish schoolchildren aged 10-18 years, teachers and principals were invited to complete a survey consisting of three parts: (1) demographics, (2) CPR (training) experience and (3) attitude towards CPR teaching and training. RESULT In total, 390 schoolchildren, 439 teachers and 100 principals completed the survey. Previous CPR training was reported by 33% of the schoolchildren (in 82% as part of the curriculum) and by 81% teachers and 82% principals. Willingness to participate in CPR training was 77% in schoolchildren, 79% in teachers and 86% in principals with 88% of the principals convinced that schoolchildren should learn how to perform CPR. Willingness to perform CPR in a real-life situation was 68% in schoolchildren, 84% in teachers and 92% in principals. CONCLUSION Schoolchildren are well aware of the importance of CPR and are willing to acquire the related knowledge and skills. Noteworthy is the larger awareness among principals and teachers, establishing a strong base for increasing implementation of CPR training in schools. However, a majority of children indicated a lack of training opportunities, highlighting the need for a stronger implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven De Smedt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eva Vekeman
- Department of Educational Studies, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter De Paepe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Emergency Department, Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem, Belgium
| | - Koenraad G. Monsieurs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Emergency Department, Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Valcke
- Department of Educational Studies, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Mpotos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Emergency Department, St. Lucas General Hospital , Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Belgium
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Doucet L, Lammens R, Hendrickx S, Dewolf P. App-based learning as an alternative for instructors in teaching basic life support to school children: a randomized control trial. Acta Clin Belg 2019; 74:317-325. [PMID: 30105946 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1500766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: The importance of early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cannot be emphasized enough and has a major impact on survival. Unfortunately, CPR education in schools is often inadequate or non-existing due to lack of educators and financial resources. The introduction of application-based teaching could facilitate education as no instructor is needed. The aim of present study is to compare app-based self-teaching (intervention group) with a traditional instructor-led course (control group). This trial is in line with the endorsement of training school children by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: This randomized controlled trial contains 165 participants between 16 and 18 years. The control group followed an instructor-led course, while the intervention group used a tablet application to complete a self-education course.Both groups were taught in separated classes during 40 min and used manikins and automated external defibrillator (AED) trainer kits. Before and after training, both groups were evaluated in a practical test to examine their skills (an overall score and sub-scores on different sections were obtained, following ERC 2015 guidelines). Results: No significant difference (p = 0.304) in overall teaching effectiveness was found between both groups. Although, in a sub-analysis, we found significantly better results for the instructor group for checking airway (p = 0.018), asking for an AED (p < 0.01) and shocking the patient (p = 0.002). Conclusions: App-based teaching can be a valuable alternative for classic instructor-based education. Yet new apps have to be evaluated before being implemented in CPR education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Doucet
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Phillipe Dewolf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Paglino M, Contri E, Baggiani M, Tonani M, Costantini G, Bonomo MC, Baldi E. A video-based training to effectively teach CPR with long-term retention: the ScuolaSalvaVita.it ("SchoolSavesLives.it") project. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:275-279. [PMID: 30209672 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing CPR knowledge in schools is the key to improving bystander CPR rate and survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but the best method to do so in a whole area is unknown. We wanted to assess if a province-based project, which involves the Secondary Schools of a whole Province, is effective in teaching schoolchildren CPR, and how well the skills are retained. We trained 100 teachers from the 21 Secondary Schools of the Province of Pavia with a BLS/AED course and we supplied each school with 10 low-budget manikins and four educational videos. These videos, about 2 min each, consist of a motivational part, an instructive part, a demonstrative part and a practice-while-watching part. We explained to the teachers how to use manikins and videos in a 2-h course. We carried out both a theoretical and a practical test in 21 classes, randomly selected between the classes trained by the teachers, 3 months and 6 months after the training. In the first 5 months of the project, 5146 schoolchildren aged 14-19, in the 21 Secondary Schools of our Province, were trained by their teachers. We tested 304 students 3 months after the course and 318 students 6 months after the course, with good results both in theoretical and practical skills. Our study demonstrates that the ScuolaSalvaVita project is able to effectively teach CPR through teachers using a video-based training in the Secondary Schools of a whole Province obtaining good long-term memory of CPR skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paglino
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Contri
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- AREU - Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza - AAT Pavia, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Baggiani
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- University of Piemonte Orientale, 18100, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Tonani
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Emergency Medicine Department, Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Costantini
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- School of Surgery, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Bonomo
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldi
- Pavia nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Robbio nel Cuore, IRC-Comunità Training Center, 27038, Robbio, Italy.
- School of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Pichel López M, Martínez-Isasi S, Barcala-Furelos R, Fernández-Méndez F, Vázquez Santamariña D, Sánchez-Santos L, Rodríguez-Nuñez A. Un primer paso en la enseñanza del soporte vital básico en las escuelas: la formación de los profesores. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018; 89:265-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pichel López M, Martínez-Isasi S, Barcala-Furelos R, Fernández-Méndez F, Vázquez Santamariña D, Sánchez-Santos L, Rodríguez-Nuñez A. A first step to teaching basic life support in schools: Training the teachers. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jarrah S, Judeh M, AbuRuz ME. Evaluation of public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards basic life support: a cross-sectional study. BMC Emerg Med 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 30373529 PMCID: PMC6206630 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-018-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major cause of mortality worldwide. When basic life support techniques are implemented quickly, the chance of survival is doubled. Therefore, this study evaluated public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards basic life support in Jordan. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 300 Jordanian adults aged over 18 years, recruited from three metropolitan areas in the northern, middle and southern regions. RESULTS A total of 87 participants (29%) stated that they have received training about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Among them, 20 participants (23%) received their training through the media. The highest response rate for cardiac arrest signs was chest pain (n = 129, 43%). Participants who received training had greater knowledge of the three signs of consciousness evaluation. The numbers of participants who received training and performed chest compression, mouth-to-mouth ventilation, and both compression and ventilation were higher than those who did not receive training. Overall, 256 participants (88.3%) reported that they would perform CPR on someone from their family without hesitation. The most important concern about performing CPR was making a mistake. CONCLUSIONS Improving knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important topic, which can be achieved by training the general population. Media can play an important role in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Jarrah
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahfuz Judeh
- Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Eid AbuRuz
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan. .,, Amman, Jordan.
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Fan M, Leung LP, Leung R, Hon S, Fan KL. Readiness of Hong Kong secondary school teachers for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools: A questionnaire survey. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907918797532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools by teachers is one of the ways to increase the number of bystanders who can perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Nevertheless, there have been no studies on the readiness of teachers in Hong Kong to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation in their schools. Objective: To assess whether secondary school teachers are prepared to teach their students cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: This was a questionnaire survey. Teachers from 22 local secondary schools were recruited. The questionnaires were designed with questions covering their knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and attitudes towards teaching their students cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A knowledge score and attitude score were calculated. Result: 557 teachers completed the questionnaires. Most had never witnessed a cardiac arrest and over half of them had never been trained cardiopulmonary resuscitation or use of an automated defibrillator. About 25% of them answered all questions on knowledge wrong. Only 25% supported teaching cardiopulmonayr resuscitation in schools and 32% were willing to teach it. Legal liability was a major concern. Conclusion: Local teachers’ readiness for teaching students cardiopulmonary resuscitation in secondary schools is likely poor. More efforts are required to raise their knowledge level on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and instill a positive attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation education in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Pong Leung
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Reynold Leung
- Sau Po Centre of Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Suet Hon
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Ling Fan
- Department of Accident & Emergency, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Jorge-Soto C, Abilleira-González M, Otero-Agra M, Barcala-Furelos R, Abelairas-Gómez C, Szarpak Ł, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Schoolteachers as candidates to be basic life support trainers: A simulation trial. Cardiol J 2018; 26:536-542. [PMID: 30009374 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to assess future schoolteachers' basic life support (BLS) knowledge and willingness to include this content in school lessons. The aim was also to determine the learning effect of a brief BLS hands-on training session, supported by real-time feedback. METHODS A convenience sample of 98 University students of Educational Sciences and Sports were recruited. The training program consisted of brief theoretical and hands-on interactive sessions with a 2/10 instructor/participants ratio. Knowledge and willingness was assessed by means of a survey. Chest compressions (CC) and ventilation quality were registered in 47 cases during 1 min cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tests. RESULTS Fifty-eight percent of subjects declared to know how to perform CPR, 62% knew the correct chest compression/ventilation ratio but only one in four knew the CC quality standards. Eighty-eight percent knew what an automated external defibrillator (AED) was; willingness to use the device improved from 70% to 98% after training. Almost half of CCs were performed atan adequate rate. Men performed deeper compressions than women (56.1 ± 4.03 mm vs. 52.17 ± 5.51 mm, p = 0.007), but in both cases the mean value was within recommendations. Full chest recoil was better in women (72.2 ± 32.8% vs. 45.4 ± 32.9%, p = 0.009). All CCs were delivered with correct hand positions. CONCLUSIONS Brief hands-on training supported by real-time feedback of CPR quality helps future schoolteachers improve their knowledge, self-confidence and CPR skills. BLS training should be implemented in University curricula for schoolteachers in order to promote their engagement in effective BLS training of schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jorge-Soto
- CLINURSID Research Group. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- CLINURSID Research Group. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Educational Sciences. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Paediatric Emergency and Critical Care Division, Clinical University Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Institute of Research of Santiago (IDIS) and SAMID Network, Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Alismail A, Massey E, Song C, Daher N, Terry MH, López D, Tan L, Lo T. Emotional Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on High School Students. Front Public Health 2018; 5:362. [PMID: 29435441 PMCID: PMC5796893 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association (AHA) has implemented several programs to educate the public about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A common issue in bystander CPR is the fear of hurting the victim. As a result, the victim may not receive CPR in time. The purpose of this study was to measure the emotional impact of CPR training on high school students using two approved AHA courses. Methods A total of 60 students participated in this study. These students had a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.2 years old and were selected from a high school in Southern California. Subjects were divided into two groups, Basic Life Support (BLS) (n1 = 31) and Hands-Only™ CPR (n2 = 29). Emotional impacts were assessed by having each subject answer a questionnaire based on given scenarios before and after their training session. Results There was a significant difference in both groups when comparing positive-emotion scores before and after the training (BLS: 30.3 ± 6.0 vs. 34.5 ± 6.7, p < 0.001; Hands-Only 27.9 ± 5.0 vs. 32.1 ± 6.5, p < 0.001). In addition, both groups showed significant reductions in negative-emotion scores (BLS: 29.2 ± 6.7 vs. 23.7 ± 6.5, p < 0.001 and Hands-Only: 26.8 ± 6.1vs. 24.8 ± 7.7, p = 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that the AHA programs have positive effects on students’ emotional response. We recommend that future studies include an in-depth study design that probes the complexity of students’ emotions after completing an AHA session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alismail
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Evelyn Massey
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Cassaundra Song
- Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Noha Daher
- Allied Health Studies, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Michael H Terry
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Respiratory Care, Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC), Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David López
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Laren Tan
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC), Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Takkin Lo
- Castle Medical Center, Kailua, HI, United States
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Malta Hansen C, Zinckernagel L, Ersbøll AK, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Wissenberg M, Lippert FK, Weeke P, Gislason GH, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Folke F. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in Schools Following 8 Years of Mandating Legislation in Denmark: A Nationwide Survey. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004128. [PMID: 28292745 PMCID: PMC5523990 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training has become mandatory in many countries, but whether legislation has translated into implementation of CPR training is largely unknown. We assessed CPR training of students following 8 years of legislative mandates in Denmark. METHODS AND RESULTS A nationwide cross-sectional survey of Danish school leadership (n=1240) and ninth-grade homeroom teachers (n=1381) was carried out for school year 2013-2014. Qualitative interviews and the Theory of Planned Behavior were used to construct the survey. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with completed CPR training. Information from 63.1% of eligible schools was collected: 49.3% (n=611) of leadership and 48.2% (n=665) of teachers responded. According to teachers, 28.4% (95% CI 25.0% to 32.0%) and 10.3% (95% CI 8.1% to 12.8%) of eligible classes had completed CPR and automated external defibrillator training, respectively. Among leadership, 60.2% (95% CI 56.2% to 64.1%) reported CPR training had occurred during the 3 years prior to the survey. Factors associated with completed CPR training included believing other schools were conducting training (odds ratio [OR] 9.68 [95% CI 4.65-20.1]), awareness of mandating legislation (OR 4.19 [95% CI 2.65-6.62]), presence of a school CPR training coordinator (OR 3.01 [95% CI 1.84-4.92]), teacher feeling competent to conduct training (OR 2.78 [95% CI 1.74-4.45]), and having easy access to training material (OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.57-2.76]). CONCLUSIONS Despite mandating legislation, school CPR training has not been successfully implemented. Completed CPR training was associated with believing other schools were conducting training, awareness of mandating legislation, presence of a school CPR training coordinator, teachers teacher feeling competent to conduct training, and having easy access to training material. Facilitating these factors may increase rates of school CPR training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Malta Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark .,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Line Zinckernagel
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Wissenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Weeke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Hilmar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Public Knowledge and Attitudes towards Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3250485. [PMID: 28367441 PMCID: PMC5359437 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3250485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rate of bystander CPR is much lower in China than in developed countries. This survey was implemented to assess the current status of layperson CPR training, to analyze the willingness of bystanders to perform CPR, and to identify barriers to improving bystander CPR rates. The questionnaire included individual information, current status of bystander CPR training, and individual's willingness and attitude towards performing CPR. There were 25.6% laypersons who took CPR training. The majority (98.6%) of laypersons would perform CPR on their family members, but fewer laypersons (76.3%) were willing to perform CPR on strangers. Most respondents (53.2%) were worried about legal issues. If laws were implemented to protect bystanders who give aid, the number of laypersons who were not willing to perform CPR on strangers dropped from 23.7% to 2.4%. An increasing number of people in China know CPR compared with the situation in the past. CPR training in China is much less common than in many developed countries. The barriers are that laypersons are not well-trained and they fear being prosecuted for unsuccessful CPR. More accredited CPR training courses are needed in China. The laws should be passed to protect bystanders who provide assistance.
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Zinckernagel L, Hansen CM, Rod MH, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. A qualitative study to identify barriers to deployment and student training in the use of automated external defibrillators in schools. BMC Emerg Med 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28103818 PMCID: PMC5248449 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-017-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student training in use of automated external defibrillators and deployment of such defibrillators in schools is recommended to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Low implementation rates have been observed, and even at schools with a defibrillator, challenges such as delayed access have been reported. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to the implementation of defibrillator training of students and deployment of defibrillators in schools. METHODS A qualitative study based on semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with a total of 25 participants, nine school leaders, and 16 teachers at eight different secondary schools in Denmark (2012-2013). Thematic analysis was used to identify regular patterns of meaning using the technology acceptance model and focusing on the concepts of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. RESULTS School leaders and teachers are concerned that automated external defibrillators are potentially dangerous, overly technical, and difficult to use, which was related to their limited familiarity with them. They were ambiguous about whether or not students are the right target group or which grade is suitable for defibrillator training. They were also ambiguous about deployment of defibrillators at schools. Those only accounting for the risk of students, considering their schools to be small, and that time for professional help was limited, found the relevance to be low. Due to safety concerns, some recommended that defibrillators at schools should be inaccessible to students. They lacked knowledge about how they work and are operated, and about the defibrillators already placed at their campuses (e.g., how to access them). Prior training and even a little knowledge about defibrillators were crucial to their perception of student training but not for their considerations on the relevance of their placement at schools. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial for implementation of automated external defibrillators in schools to inform staff about how they work and are operated and that students are an appropriate target group for defibrillator training. Furthermore, it is important to provide schools with a basis for decision making about when to install defibrillators, and to ensure that school staff and students are informed about their placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zinckernagel
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative care, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Odense and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vestergade 17, DK-5800 Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Gentofte, Denmark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Morten Hulvej Rod
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Gentofte, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Telegrafvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Salvatierra GG, Palazzo SJ, Emery A. High School CPR/AED Training in Washington State. Public Health Nurs 2016; 34:238-244. [PMID: 27704621 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the rates of CPR/AED training in high schools in the state of Washington after passage of legislation mandating CPR/AED training. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A web-based survey was sent to administrators at 660 public and private high schools in the state of Washington. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The survey was completed by 148 schools (22%); 64% reported providing CPR training and 54% provided AED training. Reported barriers to implementation included instructor availability, cost, and a lack of equipment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics and implementation rates. Mandates without resources and support do not ensure implementation of CPR/AED training in high schools. Full public health benefits of a CPR mandate will not be realized until barriers to implementation are identified and eliminated through use of available, accessible public health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail G Salvatierra
- School of Nursing, California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, California.,The Hope Heart Institute, Bellevue, Washington
| | - Steven J Palazzo
- The Hope Heart Institute, Bellevue, Washington.,College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington
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Alharbi MM, Horaib YF, Almutairi OM, Alsuaidan BH, Alghoraibi MS, Alhadeedi FH, Alrowithi AS. Exploring the extent of knowledge of CPR skills among school teachers in Riyadh, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Cuijpers PJPM, Bookelman G, Kicken W, de Vries W, Gorgels APM. Medical students and physical education students as CPR instructors: an appropriate solution to the CPR-instructor shortage in secondary schools? Neth Heart J 2016; 24:456-61. [PMID: 27194119 PMCID: PMC4943883 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-016-0838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in secondary schools will increase the number of potential CPR providers. However, currently too few certified instructors are available for this purpose. Training medical students and physical education student teachers to become CPR instructors could decrease this shortage. Aim Examine whether medical students and physical education student teachers can provide CPR training for secondary school pupils as well as (i. e., non-inferior to) registered nurses. Methods A total of 144 secondary school pupils were randomly assigned to CPR training by a registered nurse (n = 12), a medical student (n = 17) or a physical education student teacher (n = 15). CPR performance was assessed after training and after eight weeks in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario on a resuscitation manikin, using manikin software and video recordings. Results No significant differences were found between the groups on the overall Cardiff Test scores and the correctness of the CPR techniques during the post-training and retention test. All pupils showed sufficient CPR competence, even after eight weeks. Conclusion Training by medical students or physical education student teachers is non-inferior to training by a registered nurse, suggesting that school teachers, student teachers and medical students can be recruited for CPR training in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J P M Cuijpers
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - G Bookelman
- department Cardiology, Maastricht University MedicalCenter +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Kicken
- Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, The Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - W de Vries
- Knowledge Centre ACM Education, Elburg, The Netherlands
| | - A P M Gorgels
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zinckernagel L, Malta Hansen C, Rod MH, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. What are the barriers to implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in secondary schools? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010481. [PMID: 27113236 PMCID: PMC4853997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in schools is recommended to increase bystander CPR and thereby survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but despite mandating legislation, low rates of implementation have been observed in several countries, including Denmark. The purpose of the study was to explore barriers to implementation of CPR training in Danish secondary schools. DESIGN A qualitative study based on individual interviews and focus groups with school leadership and teachers. Thematic analysis was used to identify regular patterns of meaning both within and across the interviews. SETTING 8 secondary schools in Denmark. Schools were selected using strategic sampling to reach maximum variation, including schools with/without recent experience in CPR training of students, public/private schools and schools near to and far from hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The study population comprised 25 participants, 9 school leadership members and 16 teachers. RESULTS School leadership and teachers considered it important for implementation and sustainability of CPR training that teachers conduct CPR training of students. However, they preferred external instructors to train students, unless teachers acquired the CPR skills which they considered were needed. They considered CPR training to differ substantially from other teaching subjects because it is a matter of life and death, and they therefore believed extraordinary skills were required for conducting the training. This was mainly rooted in their insecurity about their own CPR skills. CPR training kits seemed to lower expectations of skill requirements to conduct CPR training, but only among those who were familiar with such kits. CONCLUSIONS To facilitate implementation of CPR training in schools, it is necessary to have clear guidelines regarding the required proficiency level to train students in CPR, to provide teachers with these skills, and to underscore that extensive skills are not required to provide CPR. Further, it is important to familiarise teachers with CPR training kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zinckernagel
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Morten Hulvej Rod
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lukas RP, Van Aken H, Mölhoff T, Weber T, Rammert M, Wild E, Bohn A. Kids save lives: a six-year longitudinal study of schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Who should do the teaching and will the effects last? Resuscitation 2016; 101:35-40. [PMID: 26868079 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This prospective longitudinal study over 6 years compared schoolteachers and emergency physicians as resuscitation trainers for schoolchildren. It also investigated whether pupils who were trained annually for 3 years retain their resuscitation skills after the end of this study. METHODS A total of 261 pupils (fifth grade) at two German grammar schools received resuscitation training by trained teachers or by emergency physicians. The annual training events stopped after 3 years in one group and continued for 6 years in a second group. We measured knowledge about resuscitation (questionnaire), chest compression rate (min(-1)), chest compression depth (mm), ventilation rate (min(-1)), ventilation volume (mL), self-efficacy (questionnaire). Their performance was evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 years. RESULTS The training events increased the pupils' knowledge and practical skills. When trained by teachers, the pupils achieved better results for knowledge (92.86% ± 8.38 vs. 90.10% ± 8.63, P=0.04) and ventilation rate (4.84/min ± 4.05 vs. 3.76/min ± 2.37, P=0.04) than when they were trained by emergency physicians. There were no differences with regard to chest compression rate, depth, ventilation volume, or self-efficacy at the end of the study. Knowledge and skills after 6 years were equivalent in the group with 6 years training compared with 3 years training. CONCLUSIONS Trained teachers can provide adequate resuscitation training in schools. Health-care professionals are not mandatory for CPR training (easier for schools to implement resuscitation training). The final evaluation after 6 years showed that resuscitation skills are retained even when training is interrupted for 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman-Patrik Lukas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | - Hugo Van Aken
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Mölhoff
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Katholische Stiftung Marienhospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika Rammert
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elke Wild
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Bohn
- City of Münster Fire Department and Emergency Services, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quick initiation of basic life support (BLS) by laypersons is one of the most successful strategies in the fight against sudden cardiac death. In developed countries, cardiac arrest is still a major contributor to avoidable death, and despite the fact that more than 50% of all cardiac arrests are witnessed, layperson BLS is performed in less than 20%. To improve this situation, BLS training in schools has been established. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction including the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) has shown to be feasible even for young schoolchildren, and there is an indication that respective programmes are effective to enhance patient outcome on a population basis. Earlier training may even lead to more sustainable results; however, it is reasonable to implement adjusted curricula for different child ages. The programme 'Kids Save Lives' recently endorsed by the WHO will help promoting school-based BLS training worldwide demanding education on CPR for all pupils starting at least at age 12. SUMMARY Resuscitation training in schools can help to increase the amount of BLS-trained population. Social skills of pupils can be improved and training can be successfully implemented independently of the pupils' age and physique.
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Özbilgin Ş, Akan M, Hancı V, Aygün C, Kuvaki B. Evaluation of Public Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Report of İzmir. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2015; 43:396-405. [PMID: 27366536 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2015.61587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by witnesses increases survival after cardiac arrest. In Turkey, our country, it is rare that basic life support (BLS) is initiated by a layperson. In our study, we aimed to use a survey to research awareness, level of knowledge and attitudes of the public to CPR and BLS. METHODS A 21-question survey was administered to individuals aged ≥18 years on a busy street in a city of a western region of Turkey. Topics such as knowledge about cardiac arrest findings, previous experience of CPR, knowledge of BLS and concerns related to CPR were questioned. RESULTS The fully completed forms of 533 people were evaluated. There were 40.7% who stated that they had received training in CPR. For signs of cardiac arrest, 40.7% answered loss of consciousness, 49.3% answered cessation of breathing and 60.7% answered cessation of circulation. It was found that 35.5% could perform only chest compressions, 27.6% could perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation and 28.7% able to perform both. While 52.0% knew the location for performing chest compressions, 34.3% knew the correct depth and 15.6% knew the correct compression-ventilation rate. Bystander CPR was performed by 3.6%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 40.7% of people living in a highly educated region in the western part of Turkey had received CPR training and 3.6% performed bystander CPR. A majority of participants stated that they were willing to correct and develop their knowledge and skills related to CPR. Effective public CPR training programmes may increase the knowledge and awareness of CPR in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Özbilgin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Akan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Hancı
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Aygün
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kuvaki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Schoolchildren as BLS instructors for relatives and friends: Impact on attitude towards bystander CPR. Resuscitation 2015; 85:1769-74. [PMID: 25447432 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the impact of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction by children on the attitude of people to perform bystander CPR. METHODS In 2012, children from primary and secondary school (age span 11–13 years) received a free individual CPR training package containing an inexpensive manikin and a training video. After a CPR training session by their class teacher, they were invited to teach their relatives and friends. After the training, the trainees of the children were invited to participate in a web survey, containing a test and questions about prior CPR training and about their attitude towards bystander CPR (BCPR) before and after the training. We measured the impact on the attitude to perform BCPR and the theoretical knowledge transfer by the children. RESULTS A total of 4012 training packages were distributed to 72 schools of which 55 class teachers subscribed their students (n = 822) for the training programme for relatives and friends. After a validation procedure, 874 trainees of 290 children were included in the study. In comparison to trainees of secondary schoolchildren, trainees of primary schoolchildren scored better for the test as well as for a positive change of attitude towards future BCPR (P < 0.001). For every child-instructor 1.7 people changed their attitude towards BCPR positively. CONCLUSIONS Instructing schoolchildren to teach their relatives and friends in Basic Life Support (BLS) led to a more positive attitude towards BCPR. The results were more positive with trainees from primary schoolchildren than with trainees from secondary schoolchildren.
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Fernandez CJL, Caminos CB, Diez DR, Velilla N, Castro M, Miranda S. School directors view on CPR training and curricular inclusion in primary schools in Navarra, Spain. Resuscitation 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraeten H, Clarysse M, Moens O, Vandekerckhove P. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation 2015; 94:8-22. [PMID: 26093230 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Calling for help, performing first aid and providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)" is part of the educational goals in secondary schools in Belgium (Flanders). However, for teachers it is not always clear at what age children can be taught which aspects of first aid. In addition, it is not clear what constitutes "performing first aid" and we strongly advocate that the first aid curriculum is broader than CPR training alone. OBJECTIVES To develop an evidence-based educational pathway to enable the integration of first aid into the school curriculum by defining the goals to be achieved for knowledge, skills and attitudes, for different age groups. METHODS Studies were identified through electronic databases research (The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase). We included studies on first aid education for children and adolescents up to 18 years old. A multidisciplinary expert panel formulated their practice experience and expert opinion and discussed the available evidence. RESULTS We identified 5822 references and finally retained 30 studies (13 experimental and 17 observational studies), including studies concerning emergency call (7 studies), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18 studies), AED (Automated External Defibrillator) use (6 studies), recovery position (5 studies), choking (2 studies), injuries (5 studies), and poisoning (2 studies). Recommendations (educational goals) were derived after carefully discussing the currently available evidence in the literature and balancing the skills and attitudes of children of different ages. CONCLUSIONS An evidence-based educational pathway with educational goals concerning learning first aid for each age group was developed. This educational pathway can be used for the integration of first aid training in school curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olaf Moens
- Flemish Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (VIGeZ), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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