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Chen JH. "Children's time use in immigrant and native families: National evidence from Australia". SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022; 103:102665. [PMID: 35183309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have looked closely at determinants of developmental outcomes for children of immigrants, few studies have examined these children's time use at the national level, and even fewer have focused on early childhood. This study investigates the role of familial immigration background on children's time use using three waves of large-scale data (from age 4-9) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Results showed that children in immigrant families spent more time reading than children in native families, whereas children in native families spent more time in non-structured social and other activities. Importantly, the differences found between children in immigrant and native families were similar on weekdays and weekends when children are free from institutionalized routines. Furthermore, the differences in time use between children in immigrant and native families were found mostly for children of immigrants from non-Anglophone countries. Finally, differences in time use between children in immigrant and native families did not change as children aged. Policy and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hao Chen
- Department of Sociology & Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, 64 Zhinan Road Section 2, Taipei City, 11605, Taiwan.
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Gustafsson BM, Gustafsson PA, Granlund M, Proczkowska M, Almqvist L. Longitudinal pathways of engagement, social interaction skills, hyperactivity and conduct problems in preschool children. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:170-184. [PMID: 33314170 PMCID: PMC8048902 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preschool children's engagement/social interaction skills can be seen as aspects of positive functioning, and also act as protective aspects of functioning. On the other hand, hyperactivity/conduct problems are risk aspects that negatively affect children's everyday functioning. Few studies have investigated such orchestrated effects on mental health in young children over time. The aims of the study are first, to identify homogeneous groups of children having similar pathways in mental health between three time points. Second, to examine how children move between time points in relation to risk and protective factors. Alongitudinal study over 3 years, including 197 Swedish preschool children was used. Questionnaire data collected from preschool teachers. Statistical analysis using person-oriented methods with repeated cluster analyses. Children high in engagement/social skills and low in conduct problems continue to function well. Children with low engagement/social skills exhibiting both hyperactivity and conduct problems continue to have problems. Children with mixed patterns of protective factors and risk factors showed mixed outcomes. The stability of children's pathways was quite high if they exhibited many positive protective factors but also if they exhibited many risk factors. Children exhibiting a mixed pattern of protective and risk factors moved between clusters in a less predictable way. That stability in mental health was related to the simultaneous occurrence of either many protective factors or many risk factors supports the notion of orchestrated effects. The results indicate that early interventions need to have a dual focus, including both interventions aimed at enhancing child engagement and interventions focused on decreasing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit M Gustafsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Psychiatrics & Rehabilitation/Region Jönköping, Psychiatric Clinic, Högland Hospital, Jonkoping, Sweden.,CHILD research environment, SIDR, Jönköping University, Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - Per A Gustafsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD research environment, SIDR, Jönköping University, Jonkoping, Sweden.,Dept. Of Special Education, Oslo University, Norway
| | - Marie Proczkowska
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Almqvist
- CHILD research environment, SIDR, Jönköping University, Jonkoping, Sweden.,School of Health, Care, and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Carson V, Lee EY, Hewitt L, Jennings C, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Stearns JA, Unrau SP, Poitras VJ, Gray C, Adamo KB, Janssen I, Okely AD, Spence JC, Timmons BW, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health 2017; 17:854. [PMID: 29219090 PMCID: PMC5753397 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the rapid development during the early years (0-4 years), an understanding of the health implications of physical activity is needed. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and health indicators in the early years. Methods Electronic databases were originally searched in April, 2016. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, written in English or French, and meet a priori study criteria. The population was apparently healthy children aged 1 month to 59.99 months/4.99 years. The intervention/exposure was objectively and subjectively measured physical activity. The comparator was various volumes, durations, frequencies, patterns, types, and intensities of physical activity. The outcomes were health indicators ranked as critical (adiposity, motor development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, fitness) and important (bone and skeletal health, cardiometabolic health, and risks/harm). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of evidence for each health indicator by each study design. Results Ninety-six studies representing 71,291 unique participants from 36 countries were included. Physical activity interventions were consistently (>60% of studies) associated with improved motor and cognitive development, and psychosocial and cardiometabolic health. Across observational studies, physical activity was consistently associated with favourable motor development, fitness, and bone and skeletal health. For intensity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity were not consistently associated with any health indicators, whereas moderate- to vigorous-intensity, vigorous-intensity, and total physical activity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. Across study designs, consistent favourable associations with health indicators were observed for a variety of types of physical activity, including active play, aerobic, dance, prone position (infants; ≤1 year), and structured/organized. Apart from ≥30 min/day of the prone position for infants, the most favourable frequency and duration of physical activity was unclear. However, more physical activity appeared better for health. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “high” quality. Conclusions Specific types of physical activity, total physical activity, and physical activity of at least moderate- to vigorous-intensity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. The majority of evidence was in preschool-aged children (3-4 years). Findings will inform evidence-based guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Cally Jennings
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Powley Unrau
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Veronica J Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Casey Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 1A2, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.,Library and Media Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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Xie X, Wu H, Lee T, Wang CMB, Zhou X, Lu Y, Yuan Z, Maddock JE. Gender differences in home environments related to childhood obesity in Nanchang, China. Child Obes 2014; 10:416-23. [PMID: 25302442 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2013.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing in China, with rates doubling between 2000 and 2010. Several large, epidemiological studies have shown boys to be consistently more likely to be obese than girls. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the home environment and parenting practices related to childhood obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling of 522 (86.1% response rate) primary caregivers of children ages 2-10 years was conducted in four locations in Nanchang, China, in the spring of 2013 using face-to-face, anonymous questionnaires. RESULTS Boys were significantly (p<0.05) more likely than girls to watch more television (TV) per week, be allowed to have snacks/sweets or soft drinks without permission, and to have sugary drinks at snacks and meals. Girls were significantly more likely than boys to have parental encouragement and support for physical activity, participate in organized sports/group activities, and have fresh fruits accessible. Parents also believed that boys eat too much junk foods or their favorite foods if not controlled. Few differences were noted in the actual physical environment in the home, including access to sports equipment, junk food availability, and access to media. CONCLUSIONS RESULTS indicate that parents tend to be more permissive with boys than girls, allowing them access to unhealthy foods and more TV time. These differences may contribute to the higher prevalence of obesity in boys in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xie
- 1 School of Public Health, Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
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Hinkley T, Teychenne M, Downing KL, Ball K, Salmon J, Hesketh KD. Early childhood physical activity, sedentary behaviors and psychosocial well-being: a systematic review. Prev Med 2014; 62:182-92. [PMID: 24534461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about how health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) may be associated with psychosocial well-being during the crucial early childhood period. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of associations between PA, SB and psychosocial well-being during early childhood. METHODS In February 2013, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Embase electronic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were: 1. peer-reviewed publication since 1980 in English; 2. children aged birth-5 years; 3. PA or SB measured during early childhood; 4. an indicator of child psychosocial well-being; and 5. association between PA/SB and psychosocial well-being reported. Studies could be observational or interventions. Data were extracted by one author and entered into a standardized form in February and March 2013. RESULTS 19 studies were identified: four examined PA, 13 examined SB and two examined PA and SB. No interventions met the inclusion criteria; all included studies were observational. In total, 21 indicators of psychosocial well-being were examined, 13 only once with the remaining eight reported in more than one study. Some dose-response evidence was identified suggesting that PA is positively, and SB inversely, associated with psychosocial well-being. CONCLUSIONS Too few studies exist to draw conclusions regarding associations. Future high-quality cohort and intervention studies are warranted particularly investigating dose-response associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Hinkley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia.
| | - Megan Teychenne
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia
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