Endobronchial application of Ankaferd blood stopper to control profuse lung bleeding leading to hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability

The Effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in the Management of Traumatic Bleeding

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study was to prospectively compare the effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) with dry sponges in cessation of bleeding in adult trauma cases with external bleeding due to extremity lacerations.

METHODS

The study was conducted on patients with bleeding associated with extremity lacerations. All consecutive patients presented to the emergency department of a high-volume training hospital in Istanbul were recruited within the study period. Forty patients (group I) were compressed with ABS-soaked wet sponges, and 40 control patients (group II) were treated with compression using dry sterile sponges. The compresses were briefly removed at 1-min intervals and bleeding status was checked. Wounds were monitored for 0.5 h for bleeding recurrence. The patients were followed up for infection, and date of suture removal was noted.

RESULTS

There were 26 male (65%) patients in the ABS group and the mean age was 42.9 ± 12.8 (range 20-72) years. In the control group, there were 24 male (60%) patients with a mean age of 45.4 ± 15.1 years (range 18-70). The bleeding duration was 2.1 ± 1.4 min in the ABS group and 2.7 ± 1.6 min in the control group. In the ABS group, bleeding duration was statistically significantly shorter than that of the control group (p = 0.001). No significant difference was noted in infection development and time taken to remove sutures. Primary suturing had to be performed in one patient in the ABS group and two patients in the control group. Among the remaining patients, bleeding recurred in six patients (15%) in the ABS group and 19 (47.5%) in the control group (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Ankaferd Blood Stopper appears to be useful in controlling bleeding due to lacerations on the extremities in adults. Bleeding was stopped statistically significantly faster and bleeding recurred significantly less frequently in the ABS-treated group.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03871452.

Neuromuscular degenerative effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® in mouse sciatic nerve model

PURPOSE

Ankaferd Blood Stopper^® (ABS), a licenced medicinal herbal extract, is commonly used as an effective topical haemostatic agent. This study is designed to investigate whether topical ABS application may cause peripheral nerve degeneration and neuromuscular dysfunction in a mouse sciatic nerve model.

METHODS

Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups; an ABS treated experimental group and a saline-treated control group. Left sciatic nerves were treated with 0.3 ml of ABS in the experimental group and 0.3 ml of sterile saline in the control group for 5 min. Peripheral nerve degeneration and neuromuscular dysfunction were evaluated by behavioural tests, electrophysiological analysis and weight ratio comparison of target muscles.

RESULTS

The motor function, assessed by the sciatic function index, was significantly impaired in ABS-treated animals as compared to the animals treated with saline. Motor coordination, evaluated with the rotarod test, was significantly decreased (-42%) in ABS-treated animals compared to the saline-treated animals. The degree of pain, assessed by the reaction latency to thermal stimuli (hot-plate test), was significantly prolonged (313%) in ABS-treated mice when compared to the saline-treated mice. ABS-treated mice showed a significant reduction in motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (-52%) and the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) (-47%); however, it significantly prolonged onset latency (23%). The gastrocnemius muscles weight ratio of the ABS group was considerably lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate that ABS triggers peripheral nerve degeneration and functional impairment and, thus promotes a deterioration of sciatic nerves.

Qualitative/Chemical Analyses of Ankaferd Hemostat and Its Antioxidant Content in Synthetic Gastric Fluids

Introduction. Ankaferd hemostat (ABS) is the first topical haemostatic agent involving the red blood cell-fibrinogen interactions. The antihemorrhagic efficacy of ABS has been tested in controlled clinical trials. The drug induces the formation of an encapsulated complex protein web with vital erythroid aggregation. The aim of this study is to detect the essential toxicity profile and the antioxidant molecules inside ABS. Methods. The pesticides were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS. The determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion was performed for the heavy metals. HPLC was used for the detection of mycotoxins. Dioxin Response Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene Expression method was used for the dioxin evaluation. TOF-MS and spectra data were evaluated to detect the antioxidants and other molecules. Results. TOF-MS spectra revealed the presence of several antioxidant molecules (including tocotrienols, vitamin E, tryptophan, estriol, galangin, apigenin, oenin, 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, TBHQ, thymol, BHA, BHT, lycopene, glycyrrhetinic acid, and tomatine), which may have clinical implications in the pharmacobiological actions of ABS. Conclusion. The safety of ABS regarding the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, GMO and dioxins, and PCBs was demonstrated. Thus the present toxicological results indicated the safety of ABS. The antioxidant content of ABS should be investigated in future studies.

Treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis by Ankaferd blood stopper versus Omeprazole: experimental randomized rat models

BACKGROUND

Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract that enhances mucosal healing. It has therapeutic potential in the management of external hemorrhage and controlling gastrointestinal bleeding associated with various benign lesions refractory to conventional antihemorrhagic measures. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of ABS on hemorrhagic lesions and compare them with omeprazole.

METHODS

The study was conducted on 30 rats. Rats were divided into five groups: group A (only indomethacin), group B (ABS administration 60 min before indomethacin-induced injury), group C (ABS administration 30 min after indomethacin-induced injury), group D (omeprazole administration 60 min before indomethacin-induced injury), group E (omeprazole administration 30 min after indomethacin-induced injury). Gastric mucosal lesions were produced by indomethacin in all three groups. The effect was studied morphologically 6 h after oral administration of the drug. Subsequently, affected tissue was examined histologically.

RESULTS

Based on the number and the total size of hemorrhagic lesions, the hemorrhagic lesion scores were significantly better in Group C compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The hemorrhagic lesion score of Group B was significantly better than Group D and Group A (p < 0.05). Omeprazole groups (Group D, Group E) did not show significant improvement as indicated by macroscopic scores. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to microscopic scores.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that ABS has a potent inhibitory action on indomethacin-induced gastric bleeding and mucosal lesions and it is useful in the treatment of acute gastric mucosal lesions.

Effective management of hemoptysis via endobronchial application of Ankaferd hemostat

Hemoptysis is symptomatic of potentially serious and life-threatening chest disease and requires urgent evaluation and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of endobronchial application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper(®) (ABS) solution in patients with hemoptysis. This retrospective study included 20 patients with hemoptysis in whom endobronchial ABS was applied in 25 bronchoscopic procedures. Endobronchial application of ABS was successful in 23 of the 25 bronchoscopic procedures. ABS application was repeated due to recurrent bleeding in 4 patients. This is the first case series demonstrating the endobronchial application of ABS, a novel hemostatic agent, effective in the management of bleeding, especially in local endobronchial malignant lesions. Bronchoscopic ABS application may be an alternative supportive therapeutic method in cases of uncontrolled hemoptysis.

Successful management of bleeding after dental procedures with application of blood stopper: a single center prospective trial

AIM

Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), as an herbal complementary medicine, has been approved for the management of clinical hemorrhages in Turkey, including dental interventions. Basic, preclinical and clinical studies disclosed the settings of the topical hemostatic use of ABS. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the efficacy and safety of ABS as an antihemorrhagic agent in the bleedings associated with dental procedures in patients with normal and impaired hemostasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

ABS has been topically applied by homogeneously spraying to the 113 patients during dental interventions within its on-label indications. A median of 0.5 ml (IQR:0.5-1 ml) ABS was administered after tooth extraction with prolonged hemorrhages.

RESULTS

After the administration, bleeding stopped in less than 10 seconds in 59 (52.2%) patients, and below 22.5 seconds (IQR: 18, 8-30) in 54 patients (47.8%). A total of 141 procedures were performed in these 113 patients, and nearly 72.5 ml ABS was used with a total cost of 98 €.

CONCLUSION

ABS as a new herbal medicine was found to be an effective method for controlling bleeding related to dental procedures. No patient had wound infection and the healing process appeared to be normal. Topical ABS could be useful for the local hemostasis and wound healing in periodontal surgeries.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

In this prospective study ABS, for the first time, has demonstrated its potential for being an effective hemostatic agent for the management of bleedings due to dental procedures.

Effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on air leakage in the lung and prevention of bleeding: an experimental study

BACKGROUND

Air leakage and hemorrhage are important causes of morbidity and mortality in operations and traumas of the lung. Ankaferd Blood Stopper is a herbal product used for stopping hemorrhage. In our study, we investigated the efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in the prevention of air leakage in the lung and bleeding.

METHODS

A total of twenty-one Wistar-Albino rats weighing 240 ± 20 grams were used in our study. An equal amount of injury was created in all groups by performing left thoracotomies. No interventions were made on tissue injury in the first group, and suturing was performed in the second group, and Ankaferd was applied in the third group. Air leakage and duration of bleeding were recorded in all groups.

RESULTS

A statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in terms of air leakage time (p = 0,0001) and bleeding time (p = 0,0001). While a significant effect of Ankaferd was detected in terms of air leakage compared to standard surgery (p = 0,017), no difference was found in terms of bleeding time.

CONCLUSIONS

Ankaferd Blood Stopper ceases the air leakage in the lung parenchyma significantly and effectively. No significant difference is seen compared to the standard surgery group, although it ceases bleeding significantly.