Development of eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for analysis of metformin hydrochloride and linagliptin in presence of metformin toxic impurity in their pure and dosage forms: Validation, practicality and greenness studies

Green HPLC technique development for the simultaneous determination of the potential combination of Mirabegron and Tamsulosin

Mirabegron and tamsulosin have recently been prescribed to men with overactive bladder for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. An efficient and environmentally friendly HPLC method was developed to accurately measure the levels of mirabegron and tamsulosin in both their pure form and in medication formulations. Full separation was achieved on an X-Bridge C18 column using a gradient elution of (The A mobile phase was a buffer solution containing 1 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and 3 mL of triethylamine in 1,000 milliliters of water, the pH of the solution was then adjusted to 3 using triethylamine and the B-mobile phase was acetonitrile). The chromatographic peaks were obtained at a wavelength of 220 nm. Mirabegron and tamsulosin were identified with retention time values of 2.4 min and 8.9 min, respectively. In the concentration ranges of 2.5-55 µg/mL for mirabegron and 5-110 µg/mL for tamsulosin, remarkable linearity was seen. The limits of detection for the two analytes were 0.28 and 0.55 µg/mL, respectively, and their R2 values were 0.9999. The new HPLC method was evaluated for its environmental friendliness using the Analytical GREEness (AGREE) metric. Furthermore, the suggested technique was considered practicable based on the evaluation conducted using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) assessment. Both evaluation methods were quite successful, yielding scores of 0.52 and 80, respectively. Compared to the TLC-reported method, HPLC is the preferred choice for the separation of the two analytes due to its sensitivity.

Stability-indicating spectrophotometric quantification of safinamide in the presence of its possible degradation product

In recent times, a truly exquisite pharmaceutical marvel has graced the world of medicine, known as Safinamide (SAF). This opulent creation has been specifically tailored to cater to the needs of individuals afflicted with Parkinson's disease (PD), an esteemed neurological condition renowned for its regal ability to impede motor skills, coordination, and equilibrium. It is highly improbable that degradation products of pharmaceutical components would significantly compromise efficiency and safety of a drug during its shelf life. Pharmaceutical analysis requires a variety of stability tests to be conducted under distinct conditions. As a result, there was an increased need for the development of an analytical methodology capable of reliably separating and quantifying degradants and impurities that might be found in pharmaceuticals. In this study, we have developed two efficient and straightforward spectrophotometric methodologies for the concurrent estimation of SAF and its degradation product (SAF DEG), which is the main acid hydrolysis product. The confirmation of degradation product build-up by the use of several analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS) investigations. The present methodologies have been validated for linearity within the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml for SAF, and 5-15 µg/mL, 2-15 µg/ml for SAF DEG for fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) and dual wavelength (DW) methods, respectively. The originality of these techniques lies in their status as the first stability-indicating spectrophotometric procedures that are both environmentally friendly. Moreover, the process of obtaining pure SAF DEG offers substantial economic benefits by obviating the need to acquire a costly constituent. The use of intelligent techniques was employed to analyze the pharmaceutical dosage form, potentially offering significant advantages to the pharmaceutical industry.

All-in-one spot test method for tetracycline using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated paper integrated into a portable 3D printed platform with smartphone-based fluorescent detection

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been synthetized, characterized, impregnated on paper, and integrated into a 3D printed platform with smartphone-based fluorescent detection for the determination of tetracycline in water samples. The MIP synthesis was performed by precipitation polymerization, which was subsequently deposited onto a glass microfiber paper. The synthesized polymer and the MIP@paper have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and EDS spectroscopy. Afterward, a 3D printed detection platform that houses monochromatic LED strips as radiation source and a smartphone as detector have been used for determination of tetracycline. Digital image processing was based on the RGB colour model using image J software and the red intensity channel was used as analytical signal due to its higher sensitivity. Several factors that affect the adsorption capacity and fluorescent detection have been optimized. Under optimum conditions, detection limit of 0.04 mg L-1 and good linearity up 5 mg L-1 (r = 0.998), were achieved. The intra- and inter-day precision of 4.9 and 7.2 %, respectively, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD) were obtained, showing the good precision of the proposed methodology. Satisfactory recoveries between 87 and 98 % were obtained spiking real water sample matrices at different concentrations (0.1-0.3 mg L-1). The portable 3D platform with smartphone-based fluorescent detection exploiting all-in-one spot test method for tetracycline using MIP@paper was evaluated with AGREE and GAPI metrics, evidencing its environmentally friendly approach. Furthermore, the BAGI tool demonstrated the practicality of the method, in terms of functionality and applicability compared to previous HPLC and spectrofluorometric methods.

A nivalenol imprinted quartz crystal microbalance sensor based on sulphur-incorporating cobalt ferrite and its application to rice samples

Nivalenol as a mycotoxin pesticide is toxic to humans and animals and causes major health problems including hemorrhage, anemia, and vomiting. Thus, the need for fast and reliable analytical systems in terms of the management of health risks resulting from nivalenol exposure has increased in recent years. The aim of this study involved a novel molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance sensor preparation based on sulphur-incorporating cobalt ferrite for nivalenol detection in rice samples. For this aim, cobalt ferrite and sulfur incorporated cobalt ferrite were successfully synthesized by sol-gel and calcination methods, respectively. Then, nivalenol imprinted quartz crystal microbalance chips based on cobalt ferrite and sulfur incorporated cobalt ferrite were prepared by an ultraviolet polymerization technique including N,N'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, methacryloylamidoglutamic acid as the monomer, and nivalenol as the analyte. After some spectroscopic, electrochemical and microscopic characterization studies, the developed sensor was applied to rice grain samples for the determination of nivalenol. The linearity of the prepared sensor was observed to be 1.0-10.0 ng L-1 and the limit of quantification and detection limit were found to be 1.0 and 0.33 ng L-1, respectively. Finally, the high selectivity, repeatability, and stability of the prepared sensor based on sulphur-incorporating cobalt ferrite and a molecularly imprinted polymer can ensure safe food consumption worldwide.